课件42张PPT。Unit 1 Friends and Friendship1. Look at the following pictures and work with your partner to describe the friendship shown in each one.Friendship between adults (brotherly friendship) sisterly friendshipFriendship between mankind and animalsFriendship between animals2. Read the following sentences and guess the meaning of each colored word through the context.If something unpleasant eases, it is reduced in degree. 减轻2) If a room or something such as a seat is
occupied, someone is using it, so that it is not
available for anyone else. 占用 3) If you say that something happens in the blink of an eye, you mean that it happen very quickly. 一眨眼功夫4)A feeling of deep sadness or regret is
called sorrow.悲 哀5)A statue is a large sculpture of a person or
an animal, made of stone, marble or some
other hard material.雕 像6) When you wrap something, you fold paper or cloth tightly round it to cover it completely.包 装SamandLightning1. Read the passage carefully and fill in the table with the missing information.Eight-week
-oldhusbandease my painOf losing my
jobwere cautious with each other and keptplaying with each
other and were
always togetherdied oflittle, gray,
playfulneighbourheartbrokensleeping2. Study the colored part in each of the following sentences and choose the one which is the closest in meaning to the word or phrase.My husband gave me Sam, an eight-week-old dog. To help me ease the pain.
A. cure B. increase
C. calm down D. reduceD2) We decided to risk it and agreed to take a kitten.
A. experience B. have a try
C. make D. take a chance on
3) Sam and Lightning were very cautious with each other and kept their distance.
A. frightened B. friendly
C. careful D. helpfulDC4) If Sam barked at something, Lightning ran to see what it was.
A. (a dog) made a loud noise
B. shouted C. cried D. called
5) As the weeks went by, the cat’s sorrow seemed to be lessening.
A. disappear B. become less
C. increase D. become greaterA B1…., to help me ease the pain of losing my job. ease vt. 减轻,缓和
ease sb. of sth. 减轻或消除某人的……
Walking helped to ease him of his pain.
散步可以帮助他减轻他的痛苦。Language pointsease vi. 减轻或消除
The relationship between these two countries has eased. 两国之间的关系有所缓和。ease n. 安逸；舒适
They moved to a quiet village and tried to find his ease of mind.
他们搬去一个安静的小村子，试着寻找精神的安逸。
Stand at ease! 稍息！
put/set sb. At ease 使……放松
with ease 容易地
take one’s ease 放松；休息
feel/be at (one’s) ease 感到放松拓展2. ...Sam would feel angry to have his place occupied, but we decided to risk it and agreed to take a kitten.have his place occupied
他的地盘被别人占领
have sth done 让…… 被（别人）做
I will have my bike repaired this afternoon.risk vt. 1)冒……的危险
He risked his parents’ anger by marrying me.
他冒着让他父母生气的风险与我结婚了。
2) 冒险于……
They risked losing their jobs. 他们冒着失去工作的风险。
risk doing sth(冒险做某事)risk n. 冒险；风险
He was ready for any risks. 他准备冒一切风险。
at the risk of … 冒着……的危险
He saved my life at the risk of losing his own. 他冒着生命危险救了我的性命。 run the risk of… 冒着……的危险
We don’t want to run the risk of losing their business. 我们不想冒险失去他们的生意。 3. in the blink of an eye
眨眼工夫
blink vt. 眨眼晴
The girls disappeared from my sight in the blink of an eye.
那个女孩眨眼工夫就从我眼前消失了。4. I happened to have a look at the floor…happen to 碰巧……
1)Sb. happens to do sth.
2) It happens that …It happened that he caught the ball when he jumped over.
He happened to catch the ball when he jumped over.
他跳起来时碰巧接到了球。
happen, take place, occur辨析happen/occur 表示偶然的发生
take place 表示必然的、预先计划好的发生1)Something unexpected
occurred.
发生了一件出乎意料的事。
2)Great changes have taken
place in our country.
我们国家发生了巨大变化。
3)It happened that they
were all there.
正好他们都在那儿。5.Lying next to it, one arm wrapped around the statue’s neck, was Lighting, satisfactorily sleeping with her best friend.
“闪电”的一只前爪绕着它的脖子，心满意足地躺在雕塑旁边，和她最好的朋友睡在一起。1）此句为倒装句，正常语序为：
Lighting was lying next to it.
2）one arm wrapped around the statue’s neck 为独立主格结构，作状语。 分词wrapped 与主语Lighting不存在任何关系，因此，加了它的逻辑主语one arm ，构成独立主格结构。
The boy stood under a big tree, his eyes staring into the sky.
It raining tomorrow, we’ll stay at home.3) satisfactorily sleeping with her best friend 为现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示与主句的谓语动词lie同时发生。
Suddenly a man rushed out, crying loud for catching a thief.3. Discuss the following questions with your partner.In the sentence “It seemed nothing could ever happen to change that”, what does “that” refer to?
“That ” refers to very special bond Sam and the author developed.2. What does “it” in the sentence “…but we decided to risk it…” refer to?
“It” there refers to taking the kitten the neighbour offered.
3. What does the expression “in the blink of an eye” mean here?
It means “very quickly”.4. What is the subject in the last sentence of the passage? What is the fun_ction of “one arm around the statue’s neck” in the sentence?
The subject of the sentence is Lightning. The fun_ction of “one arm around the statue’s neck” in the sentence is adverbial.4. Work in groups and retell the story in the form of a “story circle”, based on your reading of the article. Your reading should include the following three parts.1) How did Lightning and Sam come to their home?
2) How did they act at first to each other and then how did their friendship develop?
3) How was their friendship tested and what happened to Lightning after Sam’s death?
Tips
In a story circle, one person
Begins a tale and stops after
A few sentences. Then next
Person picks up the story and
Continues it, then stops.
Nest person adds to it and goes on
Until the tale comes to an end.4. Draw a picture according to the last sentence of the article and then say something about it in your own words.I. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母提示写出所缺单词的正确形式。
1. Everyone in the village showed great j_______ at the fisherman’s success.
2. I have always been very c______ about giving my address to strangers.
3. The soldiers opened fire without w_______.jealousycautiouswarning练习坊4. He moved to a quiet village and tried to e_____ his troubled mind.
5. How to h_____ the troublesome boys in her class made her troubled.
6. That defeat l_______ our chances of winning the championship.
7. What is your attitude towards the USA i_______ Iraq?ease handlelessenedinvadingII. 请用所给单词或短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
stairs；recently； loss；suffer from； bark at
1. If you cut your _____, you stop what you are doing because it is making a bad situation become worse.
2. If you have done something ________, it happened only a short time ago.lossesrecentlystairs；recently； loss；suffer from； bark at
3. We ran up the _____ instead of taking a lift.
4. Many companies are ______________ a shortage of skilled workers.
5. Chewing the bone啃骨头, the dog did not ________ me any longer.stairssuffering from bark atⅢ. 根据括号内所给的中文提示完成下列句子。
1. She disappeared into the distance _____________________ (一眨眼工夫) .
2. The policeman ____________ (冒着生命危险) to save the old lady.in the blink of an eye risked his life 3. _______ (多亏了) your help, we’re out of danger now.
4. After a long time waiting, I got a ________________ (令人满意的答案).Due to satisfactory answer课件30张PPT。Listen to a song and guess
what's the topic of this unit.Should auld acquaintance be forgot, And never brought to mind? Should auld acquaintance be forgot And days of auld lang syne? For auld lang syne, my dear, For auld lang syne, We'll take a cup of kindness yet For auld lang syne. A friend is a single soul in two bodies. 朋友就是二人同心。Describe your best friend in our class. What does he/She look like? What kind of people he/she is? Let’s guess who is he/she?Guessing gameWhat kind of people do you want to make friends with? Work in groups to find some adjectives to describe a friend.funnyresponsibleinterestingEasy-goingnicedevoted
happyhonestkindheartedgenerousCan you give some adjectives?Tip: Thinking of
as many words as
possible about a
certain topic may help
you memorize words
and enlarge your
vocabularyF：friendly，fair, faithful
R: real, reliable
I : important, independent
E: equal , encouraging, enjoyable
N: natural, neat, noble
D: dependable, dedicatedDo you agree with the following definition of the word “friend”?A friend issomeone who understands our silence.a watch that beats true for all time and never runs down. the one who comes in when the whole world is out. a person who remains true and faithful to us the whole life.Work in pairs to provide your own definition of friend. Here are some words you may use.kind sincere helpful honest funny
polite precious forgiving caring clever
excellent cheerful respectful patient
open-minded hardworking humorous
understanding kind-hearted generousIn my opinion, a friend is
______________________________________.A friend is…1.someone you can depend on. 2.a hand that is always holding yours. 3.someone who goes with you in the good times and bad times. 4.someone who likes you and
everything you do.5.a person who cares about you.? 君子之交淡如水 Friendship in China小人之交甘如醇。Friendship in China路遥知马力，日久见人心。Friendship in ChinaFriendship in China患难朋友才是真朋友。人在人情在，人走茶就凉。Friendship in China以利相交者，利尽则散 Friendship in China以势相交者，势尽则疏。Friendship in ChinaCan you give some Chinese sayings on
friendship?朋友 周华健这些年一个人 风也过雨也走 有过泪有过错 还记得坚持甚么 真爱过才会懂 会寂寞会回首 终有你终有梦在心中 朋友不曾孤单过 一声朋友你会懂 还有伤还有痛 还要走还有我 这些年一个人 风也过雨也走 有过泪有过错 还记得坚持甚么 真爱过才会懂 会寂寞会回首 终有梦终有你在心中 朋友一生一起走 那些日子不再有 一句话一辈子 一生情一杯酒 朋友不曾孤单过 一声朋友你会懂 还有伤还有痛 还要走还有我 朋友一生一起走 那些日子不再有 一句话一辈子 一生情一杯酒 朋友不曾孤单过 一声朋友你会懂 还有伤还有痛 还要走还有我 。Sayings in EnglishA faithful friend is hard to find.
益友难得。 2 A father is a treasure, a brother is a comfort, but a friend is both.
父亲是财富, 兄弟是安慰, 朋友兼而有之。 3 A friend is a second self.
朋友是另一个我。 4 A friend is not so soon gotten as lost.
交友慢，失友快。 A friend without faults will never be found. 没有缺点的朋友是永远找不到的。 ____1) In the United State , friendship can be close, strong and real, yet fade away in a short time as situations change. Read and guess whether the following Statements are true or false and predict how Americans view friendship. Friendship in AmericaT___2)If a friendship is left off in America, it can never be resumed.F____3)American friendliness is always an offer of true friendship.F___4)Friendship in Jordan is a
lifelong affair.T____5)Friendship between two Americans develops slowly.F Topic 1The Friend I want.Topic 2The Friend I Want to Be.课件34张PPT。GrammarModal Verbs (Ⅰ) must, may, should, will, have toStudying the Rule1) A: It’s hot, isn’t it?
B: Yeah, but it may rain tomorrow.
2) A: May I sit on this chair?
B: No, you mustn’t.
A: Why not?
B: Because it is broken.3) A: The flight to New York should be leaving in a few minutes.
B: Are you sure?
4) A: Sally, you should be careful when you go out at night.
B: OK, I will.5) A: I have just walked 5 kilometers!
B: You must be very tired now.
6) A: Will you give this to Elle, please?
B: With pleasure.
7) A: It’s raining cats and dogs outside.
B: Really? Then I have to take an umbrella with me.8) A: Must I hand in the homework now?
B: No, you don’t have to. You may hand it in tomorrow morning.
9) A: When are we going to leave the hotel?
B: We must leave the hotel before 6:00 pm. 总结1. must与have to的区别
have to比较强调客观需要, must着重说明主观看法。另外have to能用于更多时态, 比较下面的句子：We had to be there at 10:00.
有时两者都可以用, 意思差别不大。
e. g.
We must/have to leave now.
must在表示说话人对事物的推测时候要注意它比may肯定得多, 相当于汉语的“一定”或“准是”。(只有在肯定句中能这样用。) This must be your room．
在回答由must引起的问题时, 如果是否定的答复，不能用mustn’t, 而需要用needn’t或don’t have to, 因为mustn’t是“一定不要”的意思。2. may的用法:
a. 表示“允许”或“请求”。
e. g. May I come in？ 在使用这一用法时需注意: may表示“允许”的否定形式是must not, 意思是“不应该” “不许可”。e. g.
—May I take this book out of the reading-room？
—No, you mustn’t．
b. 表示说话人的猜测，认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。 e. g. He may know the answer．
c. may用在感叹句中可表示祝愿、愿望。
e. g.
May you succeed．(祝你成功。)
May you have a pleasant journey．(一路平安。) 3. should是shall的过去式，它可以用于过去时态中，但更多的是用作情态动词，意思是“应当；应该”，用来表示义务或责任。此时，它不再局限于和第一人称的代词连用，而是三种人称都能使用。例如： You should answer my question in English. 你应当用英语回答我的问题。
They shouldn't be so careless. 他们不该如此粗心。
It's raining hard. You should drive slowly. 雨下得很大。你开车要慢些。 should还可以用在提供帮助、提出建议、要求、给予指示的句子中。 例如：
Should I help you carry the basket? 要不要我帮你提篮子？
What should I do for them? 我应当为他们做些什么？
应当注意的是，当should表示上述两种意思时，要重读。 4. will 情态动词??aux.?(客气提问)是否愿意；…好吗??
word?that?you?say?when?you? ask?a?polite?question??
·?Will?you?pass?the?salt???
请你把盐递给我，好吗？?? ·?Will?you?please?give?him?a?message? when?you?see?him??? ?你见到他时捎个口信给他好吗？??
·?Won’t?you?come?in?and?have?a?little?tea? 要不要进来喝点茶？??
·?Will?you?please?lend?me?your?rubber??? ?请借给我你的橡皮好吗？?? 表推测1.must（一定）只用于肯定句中,
He looks so pale. He must be ill.
2.can / could用于肯定、否定、疑问句中,
It can’t be Mr. Wang . He has left here.
3.may / might可用于肯定、否定句中
There may be some dangerous animals on the island.
4.should（想必）
They should be there by now.
5.如果对过去发生的事情的推测要用完成时。
Someone must have opened the cage. The lion couldn’t have escaped on its own.
准是有人把笼子打开了，狮子不可能自己跑出来。一般疑问句的肯、否定回答1.Can you…? 2. May you…?
Yes, I can. Yes, I may.
No, I can’t. No, I mustn’t.
3.Must you…? 4. Need you…?
Yes, I must. Yes, I must.
No, I needn’t. No, I needn’t.
No, I don’t have to No, I don’t have to.
.could, might, would等过去式用在疑问句表语气委婉时，其回答要用原形。
----Could you tell me what’s the matter with you?
----Yes, I can.
Sure./ Certainly/ Of course.Finding the Rule Giving advice
Saying that something is necessary
Politely asking someone to do something
Asking someone for permission to do something
Saying that perhaps something will happen____
____
____
____
____476216) Saying that sth. will almost certainly happen, as long as nothing unexpected stops it
7) Expressing an opinion about something that the speaker is not sure about.
8) Expressing obligation(义务) and duties.
9) Expressing need.
3589________________A: Do we have to finish this job today?
B: Yes, you___________.
2) If it is raining, you _____________ take an umbrella with you.
3) Excuse me, but _____ I ask you a very personal question?
4) I can’t be sure, but I _____ be late this evening. So don’t wait for me.Applying the RuleComplete the following sentences with may, should, must, will or have to. must should/ must may may 5) A:You don’t ________ return the book now. You can keep it until next Monday if you like.
B:Thank you very much.
6) The train ________ be here any minute now but you never know.
7) Excuse me, but _____ you please stay off the grass.
He _______ stay at home because his right leg is broken.
Listen! You really ______ give this to Mary! It’s very important.have to should will has to must 1) Ask your teacher for permission to leave school early tomorrow.Applying the RuleMake sentences by using may, should, must will or have to, based on the following situations . May I leave school early tomorrow?2) Advise your friend to study harder.You should work harder.
3) You are a doctor. Tell a patient that it is really necessary to take all the medicine.4) Someone asks you the time. You haven’t got a watch but you’re sure it’s ten o’clock.You have to take all the medicine.It should be ten o’clock.5) Someone ask you if it will rain tomorrow. You don’t know. But it is possible.6) You phone is ringing . You are busy. Politely ask a friend to answer it.I have no idea. But it may rain tomorrow.Will you please answer the phone for me?The plane should arrive at 12:00 pm, if nothing goes wrong.7) You are a stewardess. A passenger wants you to tell him/her the arrival time in Paris. You tell him/her the plane will almost certainly arrive at 12:00 pm, if nothing goes wrong.8) Your son is alone at home. So you tell your friends at the party you need to go home now.I’m afraid I have to leave now because my son is alone at home.Self-check1. I am not sure, but I think Bob ____ come to see me today.
2.Developed countries think that developing countries ____ accept globalization.
3. If you need any help, I ____ be the first one to give it to you.
5. All of us ______ learn to be polite and should not smoke or talk loudly in a public place.may must will should 6. Let’s get everything ready now. Our guests ___ come at any time from now on.
7. Look, the light is on. Bob ____ be in the room now.
8. I hope John ____ come tomorrow. I have something important to tell him.
9. Adults ______ not be rude to children. Otherwise, they ___ be rude to adults.
10. I saw Mary in the bookstore a few minutes ago. She ____ not be in the classroom now. may must will should will can’t 1. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you ____ take care of your luggage. (2007北京卷)
A. can B. may C. must D. will
2. --- How is your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?
?--- It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
A. will????????? B. would????????????
C. should??????? D. must高考链接3. —She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam.
—I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. (2007)
should B. could
C. must D. might课件48张PPT。 Why is the road
so wet?It must have rained
last night.must have done
对过去的非常肯定的
推测
（语气最强）对已发生的过去情况的推测，若陈述句谓语部分有“must have done”，而且有表示过去的时间状语, 问句部分用didn't； 1) They must have gone there last night, didn't they? 2)They must have arrived by now,
haven’t they?对已发生的过去情况的推测，若陈述句谓语部分有“must have done”，若没有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用haven’t 或hasn’t .3) He must have been to the Great Wall,
hasn't he? 对已发生的过去情况的推测，若陈述句谓语部分有“must have done”，若没有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用haven’t 或hasn’t .这个房间昨天肯定被清扫了。
The room _____ _____ _____ ______ yesterday. must have been cleaned他一定已经背了5000单词了。
He ____ ____ _____ 5,000 words.must have learntYou must have seen the film “Journey
to the West” , _______ ____? haven’t youThey must have been to the World Expo last week, _____ ____? didn’t theyA: Where are the girls?
Could they have gone home?
B: No, they can’t have gone home.
It’s so early. can have done
对过去的疑问推测 can’t have done
对过去的否定推测疑问句
和
否定句--Where is John? Can he have gone to
the playground?
--No, he can’t have gone to the playground It is raining.-- ____Mr King _____________the letter?
金先生已经收到那封信了吗？
--No, he __________________it.
不，他不可能收到。Canhave receivedcan’t have received--Look, the lights are off in their room.
--Where have they gone?
--They might have gone to the cinema.may/might have done
某事有可能发生过
(表示对过去的不太肯定的推测，
语气比must have done 弱)用于肯定句
和否定句
(may的语气
比might稍强)---Where did Adam get that new football? He hasn’t got any money.
---It ____ a present. After all, it was his birthday last week.
A. might have been B. might be He ______out because the light was on.
A. may not have gone B. may have not gone
C. may not go D. must not have goneA: Here is a doll for your daughter.
B: Thank you so much. It’s beautiful. But you needn’t have bought it. You have bought so many for her .needn’t have done
本没有必要做某事
（但此事已做）We ___________________the plant because it rained last night. (本无必要)needn’t have wateredOh,I'm?not?feeling?well?in?the?stomach. I?shouldn’t have eaten so much fried chicken just now. shouldn’t have done
本不该做某事
（但此事已做）表示责备He should have repaired the bike
yesterday.should have done
本应该做某事
（但此事未做）表示责备 你本应该先完成你的作业。
You _____ ____ _______ your homework first. should have finished你本不应该跟我撒谎。
You ________ ____ ____to me.shouldn’t have liedcould + have done
“本能够，本可以做某事”
但却没做
他本能够按时完成这项任务的。
He _________________the task on time, but he didn’t do it.could have finishedFinding the ruleBelieving what happened in the past is the case (used only in positive sentences)It must have
rained last
night.
indicating that something was a possibility in the past , though it did not actually happen (negative or interrogative sentences)Suggesting that it is possible that something happened or was true (used only in positive/ negative sentences)They might
have
mistaken youindicating that something did not / did happen, but the speaker wishes it had (not) happened.indicating that it is not necessary for sb. to do sth, though he / she did it.You needn’t
have watered
the plant.
It rained
last night.
高考例析 1. Sorry I’m late. I _____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. （2000 北京春季） A. might B. should C. can D. will 答案为 A。表推测的用法。句意：对不起, 我迟到了。我(当时)兴许是关了闹钟又回去睡觉了。might 相当于 may, 但语气更加不肯定。2. I was really anxious about you. You__ home without a word. (01 全国) A. mustn't leave?B. shouldn't have left? ???
C. couldn't have left? ?? D. needn't leave 答案为 B。虚拟语气用法。句意：我（那时）真地很担心你。你本不应该不留个话就离开家。3. — I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. ? ?— You__ her last week. （04 福建） A. ought to tell? ? B. would have told? ???
C. must tell? ?? ?D. should have told答案为 D。虚拟语气用法。句意：---我明天要告诉她我的新工作的情况。 ---你本应该上周告诉她。4. — Tom graduated from college at a very young age. ?— Oh, he ____ have been a very smart boy then. （04 全国IV） A. could? ?? ? B. should? ??? C. might? ? D. must答案为 D。表推测的用法。句意：—汤姆很年轻的时候就大学毕业了。—哦，他肯定是一个很聪明的男孩儿。 5. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside. (05 北京卷) A. should? ??? B. must? ??
? C. wouldn't? ?? ? D. can't答案为 B。用法同4题。句意：他肯定做完了工作，不然他就不会在海边痛快地玩儿了。 6. — Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere. — Well. He ____ have gone far—his coat’s still here. （05湖北卷） A．shouldn't? ???B．mustn't? ?? ?
C．can't? ?? ? D．wouldn't答案为 C。表推测的用法。句意：—你知道大卫在哪儿吗？我哪儿也找不到他。—瞧，他不可能走远—他的上衣还在这儿呢。can't 相当与 couldn't，但后者语气更加委婉。 练习 — The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. ?— Oh, dear! She ___ a lot of difficulties! (05 江苏卷) A. may go through? B. might go through C. ought to have gone through? ??? D. must have gone through2. I have lost one of my gloves. I _____ it somewhere. （05 北京春季） A. must drop? B. must have dropped C. must be dropping? ?? D. must have been dropped 3. Mr. White ___ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up. （04 广西） A. should have arrived? B. should arrive C. should have had arrived? ??? D. should be arriving 4. He paid for a seat, when he ___ have entered free. （05 山东卷） A. could? ? B. would? ? C. must? ?D. need5. — Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? — Something ____ to him. (05 江西卷) A. must happen? ?B. should have happened C. could have happened? ??? D. must have happened 6. I ___ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. (05 天津卷) A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. needn'tChoose the best answer for each blank.1) — I told him the news just now.
— Really? You __ him. He knew it already.
A. shouldn’t have told B. may have told
C. needn’t have told D. couldn’t have told
2) — I can’t find my pen anywhere. I _____ it.
— That’s impossible. I saw you writing with it ten minutes ago.
A. might lose B. would have lost
C. should have lost D. must have lost
C D 3) — That must be Jack.
— It can’t be him. He ____ within such a short time. He said he would call me as soon as he arrived.
mustn’t have arrived
B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived
D. need not have arrived
4) — Where are Joan and Mary?
— I think they ___ early.
A. should have left B. must have left
C. can have left D. needn’t have leftCB5) — Did you see that car nearly hit me? I _________ killed.
— Yes. It was going so fast. Luckily you responded quickly.
could have been B. may have been
C. must have been D. was
B6) — Mom, I swept the floor a moment ago.
— Thank you, son. But you ______ it. It’s not very dirty yet.
A. should have swept B. needn’t have swept
C. may have swept D. can have swept
7) — It’s so dry these days. Even the plant is dead.
—Yes. You _________ it more water.
A. will give B. should have given
C. may send D. can have been sent
B B 8) — John passed the exam, although he didn’t study very much for it.
— The exam _________ difficult.
A. can’t have been B. must have been
C. couldn’t be D. might have been
9) — I wonder why they are late.
— They _________ the train.
A. can miss B. may have missed
C. could miss D. might missAB10) — He _________ to help us yesterday, but he didn’t.
— You must forgive him. He was ill yesterday.
should have come
B. could have come
C. must have come
D. can have come
AFind and correct the mistake in each of the following sentences.She should had finished the work three days ago.
2) You are wet through. You should have been caught in the rain.She should have finished
the work three days ago. You are wet through.
You must have been caught in the rain. . 3) I must have helped them, but I wasn’t able to.
4) You mustn’t have seen the movie before, for it was made last week.
I should have helped him,
but I wasn’t able to.You can’t have seen the movie before, for it was made last week5) All the lights were off at eleven last night. The students mustn’t have been studying in the classroom until twelve.All the lights were off at eleven
last night. The students can’t have
been studying in the classroom
until twelve.
Fill in each blank with the present perfect form of a model verb.1) Husband: I bought a new skirt for you.
Wife: Thank you, dear. But you ______ ______ done that. I’ve got so many.
2) Mother: Who ________________ cooked the meal?
Daughter: It must have been Father.
Mother: It can’t have been your father. He told me he was going to Chengdu on business this morning.have could/can have needn’t3) Policeman: You _____________ stopped at the red light. Why did you keep on driving?
Driver: I’m terribly sorry. I didn’t see the light.
4) Teacher: Everyone is listening carefully. Why did you look out of the window?
Student: I’m sorry. I ______________ done that.
should haveshouldn’t have
课件47张PPT。1. Sometimes he offered to study with Yaser. offer to do 主动去做……
offer sb. sth. 提供某人某物
offer sb. + money 向某人出价多少钱He offered to lend me some books. 他表示要借给我几本书。 He offered me a glass of wine. 他端给我一杯酒。 We offered him the calculator
for US$50. 这计算器我们向他开价五十美元。 【即学即练】根据所给的汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. 我感激地接过她递过来的一杯咖啡。
I gratefully took the cup of coffee ________________.
2. 她要付款，我同意了。
I accepted her ___________. (that) she offeredoffer to pay 2. Americans use the word “friend” in a very general way.general adj. 一般的,普遍的;非专业性的
n. 将军This is a general magazine. 这是一本普通杂志。 Washington was a famous general. 华盛顿是一位著名将领。 3. He does not understand the way Americans view friendship.
他不了解美国人对待友谊的看法。
Americans view friendship是定语从句修饰the way。 先行词是 the way，其引导定语从句的关系词有以下三种；
我不喜欢他说话的方式。
I don’t like the way 1)in which/ 2)that/ 3)省略 he speaks.4. These friendships are based on common
interests.be based on 根据，以…...为基础This play is based on a true story. 这出戏以真事为基础。 【即学即练】把下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 这部影片以一个真实的故事为根据。
2. 这个国家有良好的科研基础。The film is based on the real story. The country has an excellent
scientific base.5. Now as Steve and Yaser are no longer
classmates, their “friendship” has changed. no longer ＝not any longer
“不再; 已不” 在句子中做状语。
表时间, 和延续性动词连用。
位置: no longer 在主谓之间;
be动词之后;
not ---any longer 在句末。He no longer read books. (在主语和谓语之间) This island is no longer a dependency of the USA.
这个小岛不再是美国的属地。(在be动词之后) She doesn't read books any longer.
（句尾） no longer 与 no more 对比 no longer 强调时间
no more 强调数量和程度Annie no longer lives here.
安妮已经不在这里居住了。时间There is no more bread.
没有面包了。数量We saw him no more
= We didn’t see him again.
我们再也没有看到他。程度6. Studies show that one out of five American
families moves every year.英语“若干分之一”常可写成“one in+数词”，
“one out of+数词”或“one of+数词”，作
主语时谓语动词一般用单数。 The survey report says that one out of twenty machines is in need of repair. 调查报告说有二十分之一的机器需要修理。Nine out of ten children like playing toys.
十分之九的孩子喜欢玩玩具。 in 7. If the same two persons meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship where it left off and are delighted.by chance＝by accident 偶然, 碰巧, 意外地I met Tom by chance yesterday. 昨天我偶然遇见汤姆。 pick up 恢复;中断后继续 Let's pick up the discussion after
lunch.
我们吃过午饭再继续讨论吧。 pick up 拾起She picked up some flowers by the road.
她在路边拾起了一些花朵。pick up（车船）中途搭（人） She picked up her daughter at the
school gate. 她在校门口接她的女儿。 pick up 无意中学会He picked up Japanese when
in Japan. 他在日本学会了日语。 pick up （便宜地）买到He picked up the book in a street
corner.
他在街头拐角处买到了这本书。【即学即练】根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. 他顺便去饭店接的我。
He _____________ at the hotel.
2. 她旅居墨西哥时顺便学会了西班牙语。
She __________ Spanish when she was living in Mexico.picked up picked me upleave off 停止The rain left off at noon. 中午雨停了。 leave off (doing) sth 停止做某事
You may now leave off doing your housework. It’s too late.1. Match each of the words on the left with its explanation on the right.1) distant
2) confuse
3) complain
4) casual
5) view
6) bond
7) delighted
8) companionA. to consider, to regard, to think about
B. happy
C. not friendly
D. to speak in an unhappy or dissatisfied way
E. to make sb. Unable to think clearly or understand sth.
F. not close ;without deep affection
G. a person who spends time with
another.
H. sth that makes a link between peopleWord Power2. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the correct forms of the words you have learnt in Task 1.1) Bad ___________can lead a youth into error.
2) He found her attitude had changed and she had become cold, ice-like and _______.companiondistant3)A survey showed that people were _________ about what they should eat to stay healthy.
4)The mother _____ her daughter’s talent with a mixture of pride and worry.confusedviews5) A _____ between people is a strong feeling of friendship, love, or shared beliefs and experiences that unites them.
6) They are more than ________ to see their English teacher again after one-year study overseas.bonddelighted7)Mary is always ___________ about something. Why can’t she be more pleasant?
8)After their quarrel, their relationship became _______.
complainingcasual美国人是以大众化的意义使用“朋友”一词的。
They greeted each other in a general way.
2) 友谊是以共同兴趣为基础的。
One should always base one’s opinion on facts.
3 Read and translate the following sentences into Chinese. (Answers)3) 现在因为史蒂夫和亚瑟不再是同学，他们的友情也变了。
He no longer lives here.
4) 研究表明每年有五分之一的美国家庭都搬家。
Three out of four people choose “Silver Fox ” soap.
5) 美国人开始的时候都显得很友好。
At first I didn’t like him but now I do.
6) 如果两个人偶然再次相遇，甚至是很多年以后，他们也会重新继续过去中断了的友谊，满心欢喜。
I met her in the supermarket by chance.
7. They soon picked up the conversation after an interruption.
8.He has left off working.4 Choose a proper word from the brackets to
complete each of the following sentence.1) greet 2) warm 3) invitation
4) decide 5) interested 6) view (n.)
7) friendly 8) delight (n.) Memorizing words derived from the same root together can help to consolidate and enlarge your vocabulary.5 __________ of the club is a great honour.
2) The seven major industrial countries will have their _____ meeting in London.
3) It is well-known that weather in Britain is___________.yearly Membership changeable4) There was a quarrel about the __________ of the treasure they have found.
5) Robert has a _______ relationship with his customers.
6) We will follow it if this suggestion is ___________ to all of you.
friendlyownershipacceptable7) She was a person with wide social _____________.
8) They met to discuss some problems every week, but their _________ meetings were interrupted by the war.
9) You will find this little tool very _______ for cutting out small shapes.weekly valuable relationship课件44张PPT。be willing to 愿意，乐意e.g. She is willing to learn. 她很乐意学。1 . Study the following words and expressions
to prepare for the listening.e.g. He is willing to help you. 他乐意帮助你。take the first step迈出第一步 Man has taken the
first step to the universe.
人类已经向宇宙迈
出了第一步。 approachvt. 接近,靠近
n.方法,方式;态度He cautiously
approached the house. 他小心地走近那房子。 approachvt. 接近,靠近
n.方法,方式;态度e.g. I like his approach to the problem. 我喜欢他解决这个问
题的方法。 embarrass使窘迫,使为难 Linda seemed embarrassed
by her mother’s question.
琳达似乎被她妈妈的问
题弄得有些窘迫。 open the conversation开始谈话She opened the conversation on her
arrival. 她一到，就开始了谈话。 show interest in 表现出对……的兴趣She showed her interest in repairing computers.
她表现出对修理电脑的兴趣。marriage 婚姻，结婚，结婚仪式 The marriage will take place in May. 婚礼将于五月举行。 set a time 定时间We set a time to meet at the entrance of a
cinema.
我们定好时间在一个
电影院的门口见面。2. Listen to a passage for the first time and decide what the purpose of the passage is.The purpose of this passage is to _______
let us know that Americans don’t value friendship.
B. make us believe that the Americans are
not worth making friends with.
C. give us some suggestions on how to
make friends with Americans.
D. give us reasons why we should make
friends with Americans.3. Listen to a passage for the second time and complete the following tips.Americanswillingsmall talkjoin youexpecttimeinterestculturefor dinner4. Listen to the passage again and decide
whether each of the following statements
is true or false. Correct the false one. 1) When making friends with Americans,
you should invite them to parties.When making friends with Americans, you should visit places Americans enjoy.2) You should be willing to take the
first step so as to make friends with
Americans.
3) As you start your conversation,
you should talk about something
serious.As you start your conversation, you should use small talk to open the conversation.4) When the Americans say “Let’s get
together sometime”, they are trying
to invite you to have a get-together.
5) It’s easy to tell whether an
American would like to be your friend.It’s not easy to tell whether an American would like to be your friend. It will take time to tell.it’s notalways a real invitation.
Discuss what advice should be followed
in making friends with the Chinese and
then make up a conversation with your
partner. One of you will play the role of
an American, who is puzzled by the
Chinese way of treating friends.Work in groupsUseful expressionsA (a Chinese) and B (an American) greet each other.
2) A expresses his/her surprise at seeing B’s puzzled look.You can make up your conversation according to following cues.3) B expresses that he/she is puzzled by the Chinese way of treating friends and asks for advice.
4) A gives B his advice.
5) B expresses his thanks.
6) A and B say goodbye.My Most Unforgettable FriendWhat is friends? What is friendship?
Study the following sayings and definitions
about “friend” and “friendship”.1) A friend is a gift you give yourself.
朋友是你给自己的礼物。2) A cheerful friend is
like a sunny day
spreading brightness
all around.
快乐的朋友就像阳光
灿烂的日子，到处充
满着光明。3) A true friend is one who
overlooks your failures and tolerates
your success.
真正的朋友会忽略你的失败，却又
能容得下你的成功！ 4) A good friend is hard to find, harder to lose, and impossible to forget.
好友难寻不易失，一生永不忘。5) True friendship is like sound
health: the value of it is seldom
known until it is lost.
真正的友谊像健康：只有失去才知其珍贵。6) The only unsinkable ship is friendship.
友谊之舟，永不沉没。7) The secret to friendship is being a good listener. 友谊的秘诀在于倾听对方的心声。8) Friends are made and kept in three ways.
First , by honouring them in their presence.
Second, by speaking good about them in
their absence. Third, by serving them in their needs.
友谊三部曲：
当面尊敬；
背地夸奖；
难时帮助。Discuss and share your ideas with your
partner. Then write your own sentences
about a true friend and true friendship.
If possible, you can write more than one
sentence.DiscussionTips: the sentence is the basic unit of English language.
And to be able to manage the sentence is important for anyone who wishes to write effectively.A true friend is ____________________
True friendship is _________________A friend can be a person. What else can be
a friend of yours? Complete the following
table by noting down the key words.toysanimals 1)Who/what is your friend?
2)How did you get to know each other?
3)Why is he/she/it unforgettable?
Give examples.
4)How do you view friendship?Give brief answers to the following questions.
Then write a composition with the title “My
Most Unforgettable Friend”.【写作指导】
1. 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，内容是关于友谊、朋友的。
2. 这类文章一般分为两部分：一部分叙述事件的经过，另一部分叙述事件对作者造成的影响或给他的教训等。
3. 本文的要点如下： ①难忘的好朋友是谁； ②和他/她是如何认识的；③为什么他/她很难忘；举例说明； ④对朋友/友情的看法。4. 句型搜索：
★ We were on good terms with each other and
often went to school or went home together.
★ ... is warm-hearted, energetic, intelligent
and easy to get along with.
★ But one day a quarrel broke out between
us for...
★ Having lost a close friend because of my
actions, I felt very painful. ★ It’s very important to be honest with your friends/respect your friends’ privacy.
★ Like a garden, friendship needs tending呵护.
★ Stay in touch with your friends as often as you can.
★ Listening to each other’s problems is a way to keep your friendships meaningful.★ If you are a true friend, you will always make yourself available, especially during their hardest, most difficult times.
★ It pays us to treat our friends well —
they’re worth more than wealth or property.My Most Unforgettable Friend
Peter and I used to be the closest friends. We often stayed together, doing homework, chatting and playing football. Peter had a stutter(口吃). One day I spoke about him at break, which made him angry. He said I wasn’t his friend any more. I was also angry and thought there was no need for him to get that angry. I didn’t apologize to him immediately. So we didn’t make up弥补and our relationship broke up. Later, Peter moved to the South with his parents. I haven’t heard from him since then. Having lost my close friend, I felt very hurt. Through this incident, I realize it’s wrong to play tricks on Peter’s stutter and I should apologize for my mistake. I hope Peter can have a good time from the bottom of my heart.
课件33张PPT。情态动词的用法 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的情感和态度。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
但不能单独作谓语动词用，必须动词原形一起构成谓语动词。
将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式，在情态动词之后加not既构成其否定式。 1.can和could (could为can的过去式)
(1)表示能力，eg：
He can speak English better than you. (2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”，eg：
Can this green bike be Liu Dong‘s?
(3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用
eg:You can (may) go home now. (4)如果要表示语气婉转，可用could代替can，这时could不再是can的过去式
eg:Could you come again tomorrow?
(5)can和be able to都可表示能力。但是can只能有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式，如：
eg:He will be able to do the work better. 2、may和might
(1)表示允许或征询对方许可意为“可以” You may use my dictionary.
在回答对方说“可以做或不可以做某事”时，一般多不用may或 may not，以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。
eg：---- May I use this dictionary?
--- Yes, please.
---- Certainly. 在请求对方许可时，如果Might I…? 就比用May I…? 语气更婉转些，如：May I have a look at your new computer?
但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时，要用must not代替may not，
---- May we swim in this lake?
---- No, you mustn’t. It’s too dangerous. (2)may或 might都可以表示可能性，表示“或许”、“可能”之意，如果用might表示可能性，则语气更加不肯定，
eg：They may (might) be in the library now . 3、must的基本用法 (1)must表示“必须”，其否定式 must not，缩写形式为 mustn’t，表“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意，
eg: We must study hard and make
progress every day.
You mustn't touch the fire. (2)对以must提出的疑问句，如作否定回答时，要用needn’t或用don’t (doesn’t) have to (不 必)来回答，而不用mustn’t
eg：---- Must we finish the work tomorrow?
---- No, you needn’t (don’t have to), but you must finish?it in three days. (3)在肯定句中must可以表示推测，表示“一定”或“必定”之意，
eg：---- Whose new bike can it be?
---- It must be Liu Dong's.
I know his father has just
bought him a new one. 4、can, could, may, must后接完成式的用法 (1)can, could后接完成式的用法：
①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度，Could he have said so?
②在肯定句中，可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。如：---- When did you answer her
letter?
---- Only yesterday.
---- It's too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure. (2)may, might后接完成式的用法
①表示对过去某事的推测，认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。
eg：Mary might have learned some Chinese before.
②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实 际没有做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气eg：You didn't do the work well that day. You might have done it better.
(3)must后接完成式的用法：表示对过去某事的推测，认为某事在过去一定做到 了。
如：Liu Dong isn’t in the classroom. He must have gone to the library. 5、have to 的基本用法：意义相近，只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法，而have to 则表示客观需要，
eg：I must study hard.
I had to give it up because of illness.??????????????????????????????????????????????? 6、ought to的基本用法 (l)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事，语气比should强，
eg：Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. (2)表示推测，注意与must表示推测时的区别：
He must be home by now .(断定他已到家)，
He ought to be home by now .(不十分肯定)
This is where the oil must be.(比较直率)
This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄) ；
(3)“ought + have+ 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而 实际未做。
eg：You ought to have helped him. 这时，ought与 should可以互相换用。
注意，在美国英语中ought to 用于否定和疑问句时to可以省略。例如：Ought you smoke so much?
You oughtn’t smoke so much. 7、dare的基本用法 (l)dare (dared为其过去式) 作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句中。
eg：Dared he break the traffic rules
again?
(2)在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词，其变化与一般行为动词相同，
eg：She dares to stay at home alone at night. 8、need的基本用法 (1)need作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，
eg：He needn't worry about us now.
(2)need也可作为行为动词用，可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句中，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带 to 的动词不定式为其宾语。eg：You need to practise reading aloud every day.
(3)needn‘t后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情，
eg: ---- Did you answer the letter
yesterday?
---- Yes, I did.
---- But you needn’t have answered it. 9、shall的基本用法 (1)shall用作情态动词时，用于第二、三人称，表示说活人的意愿，可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意。
eg：He shall go first, whether he wants
to or not.
(2)在疑问句中，shall用于第一、三人称，表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示。
eg：Shall I open the door? 10、should的基本用法 (1)should作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意，eg：You should learn from each other.
(2)should后接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情，或是做了本来不应该做的事情。eg：You should have given him more help. 11、will的基本用法 (1)用于各种人称，可以表示“意志”或“决心”，eg：I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen.
(2)在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿
eg：Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium?(3)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“会要”之意，
eg：Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
12. would的基本用法 (1)would作为will的过去式，可用于各人称，表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心” 。eg：He promised he would never smoke again.
(2)在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或许可对方的意愿时，比用will的气更婉转
eg：Would you like some more coffee?
(3)在日常生活中，用“I would like to…”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意，以使语气婉转。
eg：I would like to do Ex.2 first.(4)would可以表示过去的习惯动作，比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：
Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class.
During the vacation he would visit me every week.
(5)表料想或猜想，如: It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
I thought he would have told you about it.
13. used to, had better, would rather (1)used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变，例如：
He told us he used to play foot ball when he was young.
否定疑问句：
Usedn’t you to？Didn’t you use to be interested in the theatre?
强调句：I certainly used to/ did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.
其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：
Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did./ used to.
Did you use to play chess?
Yes, I did.
Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did./ used to.
(2)had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式。
eg: ---- We had better go now .
---- Yes, we had (we'd better/ we had better).
Hadn’t we better stop now?
Had we better not stop now?
I think I’d better be going. (用于进行时态，表“最好立即”)
You had better have done that (用于完成时态，表未完成动作) 注：had better用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用 (3)would rather意为“宁愿”。
I’d rather not say anything.
Would you rather work on a farm?
---- Wouldn’t you rather stay here?
---- No, I would not. I’d rather go there.
由于would rather表选择，因 而后可接than。
eg: I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.
I would rather watch TV than go to see the film.
I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie.
