被动语态

被动语态
一、语态概述
　　1、英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
　　主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 如：Many people speak English. 主语是________, 谓语___________, English 是________语。谓语_______的动作是由主语_________来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
Many people speak English.
主语 谓语 宾语
English is spoken by many people.
主语 谓语 宾语
练习：
让学生判断下列句子是主动语态还是被动语态。
1. They play football on Sunday.
2. He took good care of his little brother yesterday.
3. We will have a sports meeting next week.
4. Football is played by them on Sunday.
5. His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.
6. A sports meeting will be had by us next week.
答案：many people speak speak many people
FFFTTT
2、从形式上来看,被动语态往往接by施动者,句中有“by+人”时,多用被动语态;而“by+物”时,多属系表结构。
如:
The house was surrounded by the police.
这房子被警察包围了。(被动语态)
The house was surrounded by trees.
这房子四周都是树。(系表结构,表示静止的状态)
而系表结构往往有固定的搭配,如be separated from,be covered with,be interested in,be surprised at,be satisfied with等。如:
We were surprised at the unexpected news.
听到这个意外消息,我们感到惊讶。(系表结构)
被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以support为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时的被动语态
主语 be动词 过去分词
一般现在时 I am supported.
You/We/They are
He/She/It is
思考：你能写出被动语态的否定句，一般疑问句以及特殊疑问句吗？
以“I am supported.”为例。
肯定句：I am supported.
否定句：_____________________________________
一般疑问句：_____________________________________
特殊疑问句：_____________________________________ （对I 提问）
总结：
一般现在时的被动语态的结构：
肯定句：_____________________________________________
否定句：_____________________________________________
一般疑问句：_____________________________________________
特殊疑问句：______________________________________________
答案： 思考：I’m not supported.
Are you supported
Who is supported
总结： 肯定句：主语+be（am/is/are）+过去分词+（by sb）+其他
否定句：主语+be（am/is/are）+ not +过去分词+（by sb）+其他
一般疑问句：be（am/is/are）+ 主语 + 过去分词 +（by sb）+其他？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be（am/is/are）+ 主语 + 过去分词 +（by sb）+其他？
练习：
用所给动词的正确形式填空
石头被刷干净后他们才开始刷漆。
The stone________________（rub）clean before the paint it.
每天都有新问题被处理。
New problems_____________（deal） with every day.
3. 窗户每周都被擦。
The windows_____________ （clean）every week.
答案：is rubbed；are dealt；are cleaned
一般过去时的被动语态
主语 be动词 过去分词
一般过去时 I was supported
You/We/They were
He/She/It was
练习：
The sports meeting was had by us last week.
否定句：_____________________________________
一般疑问句：_____________________________________
特殊疑问句：_____________________________________ （对a sports meeting 提问）
______________________________________ (对last week 提问）
总结：
你能写出一般过去时的被动语态的结构吗？试一试吧~
肯定句：_____________________________________________
否定句：_____________________________________________
一般疑问句：_____________________________________________
特殊疑问句：_____________________________________________
答案：练习： The sports meeting wasn’t had by us last week.
Was the sports meeting had by you last week
What was had by you last week
When was the sports meeting had by you
肯定句：主语+be（was/were）+过去分词+（by sb）+其他
否定句：主语+ be（was/were)+not +过去分词+（by sb）+其他
一般疑问句：be（was/were）+ 主语 + 过去分词+（by sb）+其他
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be（was/were）+ 主语 + 过去分词 +（by sb）+其他？
练习：
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.灯被Tom关了。
The lights __________（turn off）by Tom.
电视被打开了。
The TV ____________________.（turn on）
这些信是1983年写的。
These letters ______________(write) in 1983.
全国被重新统一，奴隶被解放。
The nation was reunited and the slaves____________________. (set free)
答案：were turned off；was turned on；were written；were set free
一般将来时的被动语态
主语 will be/be going to be 过去分词
一般将来时 I will be/am going to be supported
You/We/ They will be/are going to be
He/She/It will be/is going to be
练习：
They will be supported.
否定句：_____________________________________
一般疑问句：_____________________________________
特殊疑问句：_____________________________________ （对they提问）
总结：
你能写出一般将来时的被动语态的结构吗？试一试吧~
肯定句：_____________________________________________
否定句：_____________________________________________
一般疑问句：_____________________________________________
答案：They won’t be supported.
Will they be supported
Who will be supported
肯定句：主语+will/be going to+be+过去分词+（by sb）+其他
否定句：主语+won’t/be not going to+ be+not +过去分词+（by sb）+其他
一般疑问句：will/be++ 主语 + （going to）be+过去分词+（by sb）+其他
练习：
明年将种很多树。
__________________________________________
作为镭的发现者，居里夫人将永远被人怀念。
Madame Curie______________________as the discoverer of radium.
答案：Many trees will be planted next year. ； will always be remembered
现在进行时的被动语态
主语 be动词+being 过去分词
现在进行时 I am being supported
You/We/ They are being
He/She/It is being
练习：
He is being supported.
否定句：_____________________________________
一般疑问句：_____________________________________
特殊疑问句：_____________________________________ （对he提问）
总结：
你能写出现在进行时的被动语态的结构吗？试一试吧~
肯定句：_____________________________________________
否定句：_____________________________________________
一般疑问句：_____________________________________________
特殊疑问句：_____________________________________________
答案：He isn’t being supported.
Is he being supported
Who is being supported
总结: 主语+be+being+done+其他
主语+be+not+being+not+其他
Be+主语+being+其他？
特殊疑问词+be+主语+being+done？
练习：
环境正在被污染。
______________________________________
2. 有人还在偷小石像。
Small stone figures_______________________ .
答案：The environment is being polluted. ；are still being stolen
现在完成时的被动语态
主语 have/has been 过去分词
现在完成时 I have been supported
You/We/ They have been
He/She/It has been
练习：
They have been supported.
否定句：_____________________________________
一般疑问句：_____________________________________
特殊疑问句：_____________________________________ （对they提问）
总结：
你能写出现在完成时的被动语态的结构吗？试一试吧~
肯定句：_____________________________________________
否定句：_____________________________________________
一般疑问句：_____________________________________________
特殊疑问句：_____________________________________________
练习：
两座塔已经被修复完毕。
_________________________________________
许多设备已经买完了吗？
_________________________________________
答案：Both the towers have already been repaired.；Has a lot of equipment been bought yet
过去进行时的被动语态
主语 be动词+being 过去分词
过去进行时 I was being supported
You/We/They were being
He/She/It was being
练习：
They were being supported.
否定句：_____________________________________
一般疑问句：_____________________________________
特殊疑问句：_____________________________________ （对they提问）
总结：
你能写出过去进行时的被动语态的结构吗？试一试吧~
肯定句：_____________________________________________
否定句：_____________________________________________
一般疑问句：_____________________________________________
特殊疑问句：_____________________________________________
练习：
昨天下午这个问题在会上得到了讨论。
__________________________________________________________________
那时有人教他们游泳。
_________________________________________________________________
The question was being discussed at the meeting yesterday afternoon.
At that time they were being showed how to swim.
过去将来时的被动语态
主语 would/should be 过去分词
过去将来时 I would/should be supported
You/We/They
He/She/It
练习：
They would be supported.
否定句：_____________________________________
一般疑问句：_____________________________________
特殊疑问句：_____________________________________ （对they提问）
总结：
你能写出过去将来时的被动语态的结构吗？试一试吧~
肯定句：_____________________________________________
否定句：_____________________________________________
一般疑问句：_____________________________________________
特殊疑问句：_____________________________________________
练习：
他告诉我明年在他们村附近要建一个发电站。
He told me that a power station___________________(build) near their village the next year.
计划应该执行。
________________________________________
1.would be built
2.The plan should be carried out.
过去完成时的被动语态
主语 had been 过去分词
过去完成时 I had been supported
You/We/They
He/She/It
练习：
They have been supported.
否定句：_____________________________________
一般疑问句：_____________________________________
特殊疑问句：_____________________________________ （对they提问）
总结：
你能写出过去完成时的被动语态的结构吗？试一试吧~
肯定句：_____________________________________________
否定句：_____________________________________________
一般疑问句：_____________________________________________
特殊疑问句：_____________________________________________
练习：
他们说一些桥已经被冲走了。
He said that some bridges____________________________（wash away）.
那时人们刚刚发明了收音机。
____________________________________________
1.had been washed away
.2.Radios had just been invented then.
含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”。
例如：
We can repair this watch in two days.
改为被动：____________________________________
We must finish this work soon.
改为被动：_____________________________________
This watch can be repaired in two days. ，This work must be done soon.
三、被动语态的用法
　(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被偷了。
　　这本书在1981年被出版了。
________________________________________ 　
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
如： 窗户被麦克打破了。
________________________________________
这本书是他写的。
_______________________________________________________
This book was published in 1981. ；The window was broken by Mike. ；This book was written by him.
注意：句子的主语是谓语动词的动作的承受者或者主语是动作的对象，因此只有及物动词才有被动语态。
　(3)在被动语态中，如果我们需要指出动作的执行者，可以由by引出。
Mr Wu is liked by all of his students. 所有学生都喜欢吴老师。
练习：
翻译句子
这个老人生病了，必须把他送到医院。
___________________________________________
这个电影院在1985年建造。
___________________________________________
房间每天都被我打扫。
___________________________________________
答案：The old man is ill.He must be send to the hospital.
The cinemas was built in 1985.
The room was cleaned by me every day.
主动语态变被动语态的方法
主动语态 主语 I 谓语（主动式） hurt 宾语 me
被动语态 原宾语（改为主格） I 谓语（被动式） was hurt by 原宾语（改为宾语） her
主语 + 谓语 + 双宾语的句式转化转化：
主动语态 主语 He 谓语（主动式）passed 间宾me 直宾a book
被动语态 原直宾A book 谓语（被动式）was passed to me by 原主语（改为宾格）him
原间宾（改为主格 谓语（被动式）was passed 原直宾A book 原主语（改为宾格）him
　　(1)把主动语态的______变为被动语态的_________。
　　(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)
　　(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
　　(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为________。主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
如：
　　All the people laughed at him.
改为：______________________________________. 　
　They make the bikes in the factory.
改为：______________________________________________.
答案：宾语 主语；宾格；He was laughed at by all people.；The bikes are made by them in the factory.
特殊情况 :
（一）用主动语态表示被动意义
有些动词，其主动语态形式含有被动意义。如：系动词smell、taste、sound、feel等。
The dish smells good. 这道菜闻起来很香。
练习：这段音乐听起来不错。
______________________________
2. 还有一些不及物动词，常用主动语态，和well、easily等副词连用，含有被动意义。如：read、write、draw、sell、wash、cook、clean、act、cock、drink、dry、shut、wear等。如：sell well，write smoothly， dry easily等。
The books sell well. 这些书很畅销。
练习：这支笔写起来很顺滑。
_________________________________ 这本书被广泛地阅读。
____________________________________
答案：The music sounds nice.
The pen writes smoothly.
This book is wildly read.
某些词组中（如be worth doing, need/want/require doing), 用动词的主动形式表示被动含义。
This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得读。
练习：
这座房子需要粉刷。
____________________________________________________________
The house needs painting.
The house needs to be painted.
4. It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
　一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：
It is said that… 据说,
It is reported that…据报道，
It is believed that…大家相信，
It is hoped that…大家希望，
It is well known that…众所周知，
It is thought that…大家认为，
It is suggested that…据建议。　
练习：
The boy is said to have passed the national exam.
=________________________________________________________
It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
（二）要加to被动语态
1. 感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式中，动词不定式的to常省去，但是在被动语态中要加上to。
主动语态 主语The teacher 谓语（主动式）made 宾语him 不带to的不定式retell the story
被动语态 原主语（改为主格）He 谓语（被动式）was made 带to的不定式to retell the story by 原主语（改为宾语）the teacher
所有带不定式作宾语补足语的动词，甚至包括感官动词一感feel二听listen to / hear三使make / let / have四看look at / see / watch / notice半帮助help sb. to do sth. 以及observe, notice, have等变为被动语态时，变作主语补足语的不定式一律加to。如：
I noticed him cross the street. 我注意到他穿过大街。
He was noticed to cross the street. 别人注意到他穿过大街。
常见短语：
⑴make sb do sth→sb be made to do sth (主动语态不含to，被动语态必须带to。下同)　　
⑵hear sb do sth→sb be heard to do sth 　　
⑶see sb do sth→sb be seen to do sth　　
⑷have sb do sth→sb be had to do sth　
练习：
He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.
改为：_______________________________________________
Mother never lets me watch TV .
改为： _____________________________________________
They often help me clean the room.
改为：_________________________________________________
The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.
I am never let to watch TV by mother.
I am often helped to clean the room.
（三）双宾语动词
1. 有两个宾语的动词，如give, send, take, teach, show, tell, pay, offer, hand, pass, promise, borrow等。此时要变被动语态，一般是把人（间接宾语）变为主语；如果非得把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，则应加上介词“for”或“to”。
主动语态　　 被动语态　　
send sb sth或send sth to sb　　 sb be sent sth或sth be sent to sb　　
show sb sth或show sth to sb　　 sb be shown sth或sth be shown to sb　　
buy sb sth或buy sth for sb　　 sb be bought sth或sth be bought for sb　　
make sb sth或make sth for sb　　 sb be made sth或sth be made for sb　　
练习：
Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.
改为：(1) A Christmas present_________________ Peter by Jack just now.
（2）Peter _____________a Christmas present by Jack just now.
was given to；
was given
（四）短语动词的完整性：
如：
We should take good care of the old and the children.
改为：The old and the children______________________________. They sent for the doctor immediately.
改为：________________________________________
答案： should be taken good care of
The doctor was sent for immediately.
单项选择。
1.Rice in the south of china.
A grows B is grown C are grown D grew
2. A car in1885.
A were invented B was invented
C is invented D invented
3. Those things may to the room.
A move B moved
C be moved D are moved
4.Where the cars
A are……made B do……make
C were ……made D is …..made
5.The train station in 1981.
A is built B are built
C was built D were built
二、单项选择
( )1.—Do you often clean your classroom
—Yes. Our classroom ___ every day.
A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. is cleaning
( )2. A talk on developments in science and technology _______ in the school hall next week.
A. given B.will be given C.has been given D.give
( )3.His new book___ next month.
A. will be published B. is publishing
C. is being published D. has been published
( )4.—Did you go to Jack’s birthday party
—No, I____.
A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite
( )5.—Mum, can I go to the zoo with Jack
—When your homework________, you can.
A. is done B. was done C. does D. did
( )6.Twenty—year—olds should not ____to drive in China.
A. allow B. be allow C. be allowed D. allowed.
( )7.Seeing him rush into the room with tears in his eyes, I asked him what___.
A. would happen B. had happened
C. happened D. was happened.
( )8.The book Business @ the Speed of Thought ___in 1999.
A. writes B. is written C. wrote D. was written.
( )9.Trees and flowers ______every year to make our country more beautiful.
A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted.
( )10.China’s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang ___Good Will Ambassadors for Shanghai.
A. has been named B. have been named
C. has named D. have named.
( )11.The earth is our home. It ___well.
A. must be protected B. should protect
C. need protect D. should protected.
( )12.In recent years, many children are made ___ what they are not___.
A. to do; interested in B. to do; interested
C. do; interested D. do; interested.
( )13.___a new library ____ in your school last year
A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; built D. Did; built.
( )14.An accident ___on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened
C. is happened D. happened.
( )15.Cotton ____in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow.
( )16.So far, the moon _______ by man already.
A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited.
( )17.How many trees ___this year
A .are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted.
( )18.A lot of things ___by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done.
( )19.Neither of them ___ in China
A. is made B. are made C. were made D. made.
( )20.Look! A nice picture _______ for our teacher.
A. is drawing B. is being drawn C. has been drawn D. draws.
( )21.Your shoes ________.You need a new pair.
A. wear out B. worn out C. are worn out D. is worn.
( )22.The doctor _________for yet.
A. isn’t sent B. hasn’t been sent C. won’t be sent D. wasn’t sent.
( )23—When ___this kind of computer___
—Last year.
A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
( )24.The Great Wall _________about all over the world.
A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known.
( )25.I___in summer.
A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born.
( )26.He says that Mr. Zhang ________to the factory next week.
A. is sent B. would send C. was sent D. will be sent.
( )27.Who _____this book_______
A. did; written B. was; written by C. do; written D.was; written
( )28.Mary ___show me her new dictionary.
A. has asked to B. was asked to C. is asked D. asks to
( )29. A story __ by Granny yesterday.
A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us
( )30.The monkey was seen ____out of the tree.
A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump
参考答案
1~5CBABA 6~10CBDCB 11~15AABDA 16~20CCBAB 21~25CBBCB 26~30DBBBD