高一下学期南外期末考试
英语试卷
第一卷（60分）
一、单项选择（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分）
1. Hoping to win ______ years in power, Emmanule Macron, ______ President of France had to again face competition from his rival Marine.
A. other five; 不填 B. another five; the C. another five; 不填 D. other five; the
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查代词和冠词。句意：法国总统Emmanule Macron希望再赢得五年的执政，他不得不再次面对对手Marine的竞争。第一空，another+基数词+名词复数=基数词+more+名词复数，固定用法，表示“再几个……”，需填another five；第二空，表示“职位/头衔”的专有名词前使用零冠词。故选C。
2. --- Life is hard these days because of the pandemic.
--- At least we have a job and some money left. That’s ______, isn’t it
A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：——由于新冠疫情，现在的生活很艰难。——至少我们还有一份工作和一些钱。这很了不起，不是吗？A. everything一切；B. nothing没有什么；C. anything任何事情；D. something某事；真不错。根据空前的“At least we have a job and some money left.”可知，疫情之后，我们还能有工作和一些钱，这已经非常好的。That’s something意为“值得庆幸的事情，太好了，太棒了”。故选D。
3. I couldn’t remember the exact date of the celebration, but I knew it was ______ Saturday when everybody was not at ______ work.
A. a; the B. a; 不填 C. the; the D. the; 不填
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：我不记得庆祝活动的确切日期，但我知道那天是星期六，大家都不上班。根据前后文语义可知，第一个空处应用表示泛指的冠词，由于Saturday是辅音音素开头的单词，应用冠词a；根据Saturday when everybody was not可知，第二个空处考查固定搭配at work“在上班”。故选B项。
4. He hurt his leg yesterday. ______ why he can’t come to ______ party.
A. That’s; tonight B. That’s; tonight’s C. It’s; tonight D. It’s; tonight’s
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查代词以及名词所有格。句意：他昨天伤了腿。那就是为什么他不能来参加今晚的聚会。根据“why he can’t come to ______ party”可知，他不来参见今晚的聚会的原因是他昨天伤了腿。that可以指代上文中“He hurt his leg yesterday”这件事，That’s why…意为“那是因为……”为表语从句；第二个空需要名词所有用格作定语，修饰后面的名词。故选B。
5. At the age of 84, Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine, ______her the first female Chinese scientist ______ the award.
A. making; to win B. to make; winning C. making; winning D. to make; to win
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词和动词不定式。句意：84岁的屠呦呦被授予诺贝尔医学奖，这使她成为第一位获得该奖项的中国女科学家。分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语是was awarded，且无连词，第一个空处应用非谓语动词，动词make与前面一句话是主动的关系，应用现在分词作结果状语。根据female Chinese scientist前有the first修饰，第二个空处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故选A项。
6. A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not.
A. ones B. those
C these D. them
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。
7. Expenses are different ______ personal requirements, budget, and destination.
A. relying on B. focusing on C. turning on D. depending on
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：费用因个人需求、预算和目的地的不同而不同。A.relying on依赖于；B.focusing on专注于；C.turning on打开；D.depending on取决于；根据……而定。 根据空前的different以及“personal requirements, budget, and destination”可知，根据个人需求、预算和目的地，费用是不同的。故选D。
8. My explanation seemed ______ things worse, which drove me even madder than before.
A. to make B. to have been making C. to have made D. to be making
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的解释似乎让事情变得更糟，这让我比以前更抓狂。固定搭配seem to do sth.“似乎做某事”，根据语境可知，我的解释似乎已经让事情变得更糟糕，表示该动作在谓语动作发生之前已经完成，所以用动词不定式的完成式。故填C。
9. ______ determined to be successful in his career should have team spirit.
A. Those who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Whomever
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查代词。句意：任何决心在事业上取得成功的人都应该有团队精神。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的主语，需要不定代词anyone“任何人”作句子的主语，“determined to be successful”为形容词短语在句中作定语修饰主语anyone，表示“决心在事业上取得成功的人”。故选C。
10. The 2022 Asian Games ______ in Hangzhou, China in September has been postponed due to the ______ COVID-19 cases.
A. to be held; raised B. held; raised C. held; rising D. to be held; rising
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：原定于9月在中国杭州举行的2022年亚运会因新冠肺炎病例增加而被推迟。结合句中“has been postponed ”可知，本句中的两处空格处要用非谓语。结合“in September”，可知杭州亚运会还未举办，所以动作表将来；主语“The 2022 Asian Games”与动词“hold”为动宾关系，所以第一空用不定式的被动形式to be held；第二空处动词“rise”为不及物动词，与“COVID-19 cases”为主谓关系，所以此空处用现在分词形式，表主动。选项D符合题意，故选D项。
二、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was travelling on an overnight bus. The bus - an ordinary, non-air-conditioned one -was more than packed. The passengers seated comfortably by the windows wore happy expressions as they ____11____ outside world. The people seated by the aisle (过道) cursed (咒骂) the standing ones, who ____12____ leaned on the seat corners.
After around two very long hours, I was so ____13____ that I kept shifting my body weight from one leg to the other to manage the ____14____. I suddenly sensed soft hand tapping my elbow, asking for attention. Turning around, I found middle-aged man with a kind smile looking ____15____ at me. He suddenly stood up and said I could take his seat for some time. I was pleasantly surprised and ____16____ accepted his offer. After about 20 minutes, I ____17____ him to take back his space. A man, who was sitting by the window on the other side of the bus, had ____18____ our exchange.
Just then, something ____19____ happened. Our observer voluntarily stood up and offered his seat to another standing man. Out of the blue, this _____20_____ of seat-sharing spread through the bus like wildfire and, before long, almost all the _____21_____ got a chance to be seated. People _____22_____ started chatting with each other while exchanging positions, and soon began sharing jokes and singing. Needless to say, the rest of the journey was quite _____23_____.
This extraordinary experience has stayed with me even after all these years. It revealed to me an important _____24_____ - that we can all share what we have, _____25_____ our burdens (负担), and help our co-passengers in this journey called life.
11. A. forgot about B. thought about C. escaped from D. looked at
12. A. safely B. occasionally C. rarely D. cheerfully
13. A. exhausted B. curious C. scared D. nervous
14. A. balance B. discomfort C. embarrassment D. weight
15. A. forward B. down C. up D. backward
16. A. reluctantly B. guiltily C. immediately D. suddenly
17. A. expected B. begged C. advised D. signaled
18. A. found B. observed C. realized D. discovered
19. A. amusing B. magical C. natural D. strange
20. A. game B. trick C. competition D. reaction
21. A. passengers B. observers C. standees D. people
22. A. still B. surely C. even D. already
23. A. enjoyable B. tolerable C. acceptable D. incredible
24. A. idea B. fact C. opinion D. principle
25. A. besides B. with C. without D. including
【答案】11. D 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. C 16. C 17. D 18. B 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在乘坐大巴的路上，由于挤满了人，作者只好站着，后来由于有人主动给作者让座，带动大家互相让座，让站着的人都有机会坐一会儿，整个旅途变得轻松愉快。
【11题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：舒适地坐在窗边的乘客们看着外面的世界，脸上带着快乐的表情。A. forgot about忘记；B. thought about思考，考虑；C. escaped from从……逃跑；D. looked at看。根据“The passengers seated comfortably by the windows”可知，坐在窗边的乘客看着外面的世界。故选D。
【12题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：靠过道坐的人咒骂那些偶尔靠在座位角上的站着的人。A. safely安全地；B. occasionally偶尔地；C. rarely罕见地；D. cheerfully愉快地。根据“The people seated by the aisle (过道) cursed (咒骂) the standing ones”可知，站着的乘客偶尔靠在靠过道坐的人的椅子上。故选B。
【13题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在大约两个漫长的小时后，我太累了，我不停地把身体的重心从一条腿移到另一条腿上，以缓解不适。A. exhausted筋疲力尽的；B. curious好奇的；C. scared害怕的；D. nervous紧张的。根据“After around two very long hours”可知，经过长时间的站立，作者感到很疲惫。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. balance平衡；B. discomfort不舒适；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. weight重量。根据“that I kept shifting my body weight from one leg to the other”可知，作者通过转移身体重心来缓解不适。故选B。
【15题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：转过身来，我发现一个中年男人带着亲切的微笑抬头看着我。A. forward向前；B. down向下；C. up向上；D. backward向后。根据“He suddenly stood up and said I could take his seat for some time.”可知，作者是站着的，因此这个中年男人是抬头看着作者。look up为固定搭配，意为“向上看”。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我又惊又喜，立即接受了他的提议。A. reluctantly不情愿地；B. guiltily内疚地；C. immediately立刻；D. suddenly突然。根据“I was pleasantly surprised”可知，面对陌生人的善意，作者感到惊喜，立刻接受了提议。故选C。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约20分钟后，我示意他收回自己的空间。A. expected期待；B. begged恳求；C. advised建议；D. signaled示意，标志。根据“to take back his space.”可知，作者坐了20分钟，让那个让座的人再坐一会儿，示意他收回他的座位。故选D。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：坐在公共汽车另一边靠窗的一个人观察到了我们的交谈。A. found找到，发现；B. observed观察，看到；C. realized意识到；D. discovered发现。根据“A man, who was sitting by the window on the other side of the bus”可知，公交车上的另一个有座位的人观察到了作者和中年男人的交谈。下文中的“observer”也是提示。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，神奇的事情发生了。A. amusing引人发笑的；B. magical有魔力的，神奇的；C. natural自然的；D. strange奇怪的。根据“Our observer voluntarily stood up and offered his seat to another standing man. Out of the blue, this ____10____ of seat-sharing spread through the bus like wildfire and, before long, almost all the ____11____ got a chance to be seated.”可知，在中年男人和作者的带动下，坐着的人都主动让座，让站着的人坐一会儿，这是没有预料到的，所以说很神奇。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然间，这个分享座位的游戏像野火一样传遍了巴士，没过多久，几乎所有的站着的人都有机会坐上了座位。A. game游戏；B. trick技巧，诀窍；C. competition比赛；D. reaction反应。根据“of seat-sharing spread through the bus like wildfire”可知，作者觉得这个分享座位的游戏像野火一样传遍了巴士。故选A。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. passengers乘客；B. observers观察者；C. standees站立者；D. people人们。根据“got a chance to be seated”可知，此处指站着的人。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：人们甚至开始在交换位置时互相聊天，很快就开始分享笑话和唱歌。A. still仍然；B. surely确定地；C. even甚至；D. already已经。根据上文“almost all the ____11____ got a chance to be seated.”可知，几乎所有站着的人都有机会坐上了座位，因此人们在交换位置的同时还能聊天，分享笑话和唱歌，与让座位比起来是递进关系。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不用说，接下来的旅程相当愉快。A. enjoyable令人愉快的；B. tolerable可忍受的；C. acceptable可接受的；D. incredible难以置信的。根据“People ____12____ started chatting with each other while exchanging positions, and soon began sharing jokes and singing.”可知，接下来的旅程是令人愉快的。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它向我揭示了一个重要的事实——我们都可以分享我们所拥有的，包括我们的负担，并在这段叫做生活的旅程中帮助我们的同伴。A. idea主意；B. fact事实；C. opinion观点；D. principle原则。根据“that we can all share what we have, ____15____ our burdens (负担), and help our co-passengers in this journey called life.”可知，“我们都可以分享我们所拥有的，包括我们的负担，并在这段叫做生活的旅程中帮助我们的同伴。”，这是作者意识到的事实。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意同上。A. besides除了；B. with带有；C. without没有；D. including包括。根据“we can all share what we have”可知，分享的东西也可以包括我们的负担。故选D。
三、阅读（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
A
CHRONOLOGICA ——The Unbelievable Years that Defined History DID YOU KNOW… In 105 AD paper was invented in China When Columbus discovered the New World The British Museum opened in 1759 CHRONOLOGICA is a fascinating journey through time, from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the Internet. Along the way are tales of kings and queens, hot air balloons…and monkeys in space. Travel through 100 of the most unbelievable years in world history and learn why being a Roman Emperor wasn’t always as good as it sounds, how the Hundred Years’ War didn’t actually last for 100 years and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather unfortunate record. CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history, beautifully illustrated and full of unbelievable facts. While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of famous people in history such as Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great, this book also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals including the explorer Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum. This complete but brief historical collection is certain to entertain readers young and old, and guaranteed to present even the biggest history lover with something new!
26. What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the text
A. A biography. B. A travel guide.
C. A history book. D. A science fiction.
27. How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to readers
A. By giving details of its collection.
B. By introducing some of its contents.
C. By telling stories at the beginning.
D. By comparing it with other books.
【答案】26. C 27. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了历史书CHRONOLOGICA的内容、特点、阅读对象等。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据根据第三段第二句While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of famous people in history such as Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great, this book also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals including the explorer Munge Park and scultor Gulzon Borglum.和第四段第五行“this book also gives an account of the lives…”可判断“Chronologica”是本书：文章副标题“The Unbelievable Years that Defined History”（难以置信的定义历史的年份）、第四段第一句“CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history（这一完整却简洁的历史集）”等都可看出这本书与历史有关可知，CHRONOLOGICA是一本历史书，故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据根据CHRONOLOGICA部分的内容：While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of famous people in history such as Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great,this book also gives ab account of the lives of lesser-known individuals including the exploree Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum.知CHRONOLOGICA这本书述了历史上Thomas Edison和Alexander the Great等名人的故事，这本书也介绍了一些鲜为人知的人物，Mungo Park雕塑家 Gutzon Borglum，可知，本文首段介绍该书内容，接着说明该书的时间跨度，其中含有对罗马皇帝等内容的介绍，据此可知，该书是通过介绍内容的方法向读者推荐的。故B项正确。
B
Shrinkflation has made British shoppers unhappy. For years, producers have quietly shrunk product sizes rather than rise prices. A multipack(合装包)of Fazzles, used to cost 1 ($1.36) and contain eight bags. Now it contains six. Cadbury’s Creme Eggs used to come by the half-dozen; now they come in fives. Quality Street, a chocolate box, weighed 1.2kg in 2009; today, just 650g.
The logic of Shrinkflation is that consumers are less likely to notice it than its alternative: higher prices. For years, the government has worked on the same principle. Taxpayers paid roughly the same, but government services became worse. Now an era of price increases in the form of tax rises has begun. In a nasty combination of inflation and shrinkflation, voters will be expected to pay more for less.
It will be an awkward shift. Since coming to power in 2010, the Conservatives (保守党) have used shrinkflation just as retailers do. In the early austerity (财政紧缩) years, the government shrank (收缩，减少), but its cost did not. As a percentage of GDP, it fell from a peak after the financial crisis of 46% of GDP to 39%. Taxes stayed around their historic norm of about 32% of GDP. But citizens received fewer services.
And, as when shoppers fail to notice the missing packet of Frazzles, voters did not care much at first. Weekly bin collections became fortnightly or monthly. Once-generous legal aid became mean; in-work benefits fell; police solved fewer crimes. But eventually voters and shoppers start to feel confused. Was a box of Quality Street always so small Were the police always so used to fraud (诈骗) Moreover, shrinkflation cannot continue forever. Just as people will not buy an empty packet of Frazzles, taxpayers will not pay for government services that are not provided at all. Eventually prices must rise — as the Conservatives are discovering. By 2026 the tax burden will be 36% of GDP, the highest since the post-war era, under Clement Atlee. This will cause several problems such as one of expectations. Atlee’s government promised a new Jerusalem (耶路撒冷): voters accepted higher taxes in return for a welfare(福利)state. Similarly, when New Labour governments raised taxes in the 2000s, they provided more in return. They increased national insurance, in order to bring heath care spending in line with other European countries. Schools were rebuilt and repaired; civic art, though sometimes of questionable quality, appeared in town squares.
Unfortunately, this time higher spending will at best stop things getting worse. Sajid Javi, the health secretary, admits that the health-and social-care systems will struggle even after a 2.5 percentage-point rise in national insurance,
“Is that all we get for 12bn” asked the Daily Mail, a newspaper that lends to see eye-to-eye with the Conservatives, when the plan to cut hospital waiting-lists was announced. British voters are often said to want American taxes and a European welfare government. Instead, they face paying European taxes for services as insufficient as those in American.
28. Shrinkflation refers to the process of items ______.
A. shrinking in size or quantity while their prices remain the same
B. shrinking in size or quantity while their prices become higher
C. expanding in sire or quantity while their prices remain the same
D. expanding in size or quantity while their prices become lower
29. What can be learned about the consumer psychology in Britain nowadays
A. Consumers will pay higher taxes for government services.
B. Consumers are more sensitive to price increases in products.
C. Consumers can hardly notice the changes in government services.
D. Consumers are unwilling to pay for government services.
30. What is the writer’s attitude toward New Labour governments in Para 4
A. Critical. B. Unconcerned. C. Supportive. D. Doubtful.
31. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Both inflation and shrinkflation exist in Britain.
B. The Americans pay high taxes for poor services.
C. The British government will be costlier with fewer services.
D. The Daily Mail is in favor of the current economic policy.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C 31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了英国政府的缩水式通胀的经济政策，在增加政府收入的同时，让市民得到的服务反而减少了。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Shrinkflation has made British shoppers unhappy. For years, producers have quietly shrunk product sizes rather than rise prices. A multipack (合装包) of Fazzles, used to cost 1 ($1.36) and contain eight bags. Now it contains six. Cadbury’s Creme Eggs used to come by the half-dozen; now they come in fives.( 缩水式通货膨胀令英国消费者不满。多年来，生产商一直在悄悄地缩小产品规模，而不是提高价格。一包Fazzles的价格是1英镑(1.36美元)，有8袋。现在它有6个。吉百利的奶油蛋曾经是半打；现在是五个一组)”可知，缩水式通货膨胀指商家缩小原产品的尺寸或者减少数量，而价格与原来的保持一致。故选A项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The logic of Shrinkflation is that consumers are less likely to notice it than its alternative: higher prices. For years, the government has worked on the same principle. Taxpayers paid roughly the same, but government services became worse. Now an era of price increases in the form of tax rises has begun. In a nasty combination of inflation and shrinkflation, voters will be expected to pay more for less.(缩水式通胀的逻辑是，消费者不太可能注意到它，而会注意到它的另一种选择：更高的价格。多年来，政府一直遵循同样的原则。纳税人支付的费用大致相同，但政府服务变得更糟了。现在，一个以增税形式实现价格上涨的时代已经开始。在通货膨胀和缩水型通货膨胀的恶劣结合下，选民们将会付出更多金钱而获得更少的物品)”可知，面对缩水式通胀，消费者通常会忽略掉产品本身的尺寸或数量的减少，而更关注价格的上涨。由此推知，消费者对产品的价格上涨会更敏感。故选B项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Similarly, when New Labour governments raised taxes in the 2000s, they provided more in return. They increased national insurance, in order to bring heath care spending in line with other European countries. Schools were rebuilt and repaired; civic art, though sometimes of questionable quality, appeared in town squares.(同样，当新工党政府在2000年代提高税收时，他们提供了更多的回报。他们增加了国民保险，以便使医疗保健支出与其他欧洲国家保持一致。学校得到重建和修复;城市广场上出现了市民艺术，尽管有时质量有问题)”可知，在新工党政府提高税收的同时，他们同时增加了国民保险，学校得到重建和修复，城市广场上出现了市民艺术。由此推知，作者对新工党政府是支持的。故选C项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The logic of Shrinkflation is that consumers are less likely to notice it than its alternative: higher prices. For years, the government has worked on the same principle. Taxpayers paid roughly the same, but government services became worse. Now an era of price increases in the form of tax rises has begun. In a nasty combination of inflation and shrinkflation, voters will be expected to pay more for less.(缩水式通胀的逻辑是，消费者不太可能注意到它，而会注意到它的另一种选择：更高的价格。多年来，政府一直遵循同样的原则。纳税人支付的费用大致相同，但政府服务变得更糟了。现在，一个以增税形式实现价格上涨的时代已经开始。在通货膨胀和缩水型通货膨胀的恶劣结合下，选民们将会付出更多金钱而获得更少的物品)”；第三段“It will be an awkward shift. Since coming to power in 2010, the Conservatives (保守党) have used shrinkflation just as retailers do. In the early austerity (财政紧缩) years, the government shrank (收缩，减少), but its cost did not. As a percentage of GDP, it fell from a peak after the financial crisis of 46% of GDP to 39%. Taxes stayed around their historic norm of about 32% of GDP. But citizens received fewer services.(这将是一个尴尬的转变。自2010年执政以来，保守党就像零售商一样使用了缩水式通货膨胀。在财政紧缩的早期，政府缩减了规模，但其成本却没有。作为GDP的百分比，它从金融危机后的峰值46%下降到39%。税收保持在GDP的32%这一历史标准附近。但市民得到的服务却减少了)”可知，英国政府一直遵循与缩水式通胀同样的原则，纳税人支付的费用大致相同，但政府服务变得更糟了。由此推知，当价格上涨以增值税的形式开始时，市民得到的服务减少了，而政府的收入却增加了。故选C项。
C
Birds that are literally half-asleep — with one brain hemisphere alert (警惕的) and the other sleeping — control which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks.
Earlier studies have documented half brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemisphere’s eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.
Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable, end of the row sleepers.
Sure enough, in the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.
Also, birds dozing at the end of the line resorted to single hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Rotating (轮换位置) 16 birds through the positions in a four duck row, the researchers found outer birds half asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.
“We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain,” the researchers say.
The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing guess that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. He’s seen it in a pair of birds dozing side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.
Useful as half sleeping might be, it’s only been found in birds and such water mammals (哺乳动物) as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to come up occasionally to avoid drowning (溺死).
Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds’ half brain sleep is “just the tip of the iceberg”. He guesses that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.
32. A new study on birds’ sleep has revealed that ______.
A. half brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birds
B. half brain sleep is characterized by slow brain waves
C birds can control their half brain sleep consciously
D. birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest
33. According to the passage, birds often half sleep because ______.
A. they have to watch out for possible attacks
B. their brain hemispheres take turns to rest
C. the two halves of their brain are differently structured
D. they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions
34. The example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates that ______.
A. the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespread
B. birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of security
C. even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of security
D. a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror
35. While sleeping, some water mammals tend to keep half awake in order to ______.
A. alert themselves to the approaching enemy
B. emerge from water now and then to breathe
C. be sensitive to the ever-changing environment
D. avoid being swept away by rapid currents
36. By “just the tip of the iceberg”, Siegel suggests that ______.
A. half-brain sleep has something to do with icy weather
B. the mystery of half-brain sleep is close to being solved
C. most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepers
D. half-brain sleep may exist among other species
【答案】32. C 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明鸟和我们人类的睡眠不一样。因为鸟的左右两个半脑轮流休息睡眠以保持警戒。研究人员大胆推测，可能还有其他物种的睡眠方式是这样的。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Birds that are literally half-asleep — with one brain hemisphere alert (警惕的) and the other sleeping — control which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks.(根据一项对睡觉的鸟类的新研究，处于半睡眠状态的鸟类——大脑的一个半球保持清醒，另一个半球处于睡眠状态——控制着大脑的一侧保持清醒。)”，第二段中“The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemisphere’s eye stays open and alert.(睡眠半球控制的眼睛保持闭着，而清醒半球控制的眼睛保持睁开和警觉。)”；第六段中““We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain,” the researchers say.(研究人员说：“我们相信这是动物在大脑的不同区域同时控制睡眠和清醒行为的第一个证据。”)”可知，鸟类可以有意识地控制自己的半脑睡眠，故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Earlier studies have documented half brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemisphere’s eye stays open and alert.(早期的研究已经记录了大量鸟类的半脑睡眠。大脑半球轮流进入睡眠阶段，其特征是脑电波缓慢。睡眠半球控制的眼睛保持闭着，而清醒半球控制的眼睛保持睁开和警觉。)”可知，鸟会大脑左右半脑轮流进入睡眠阶段，是为了要时刻保持警觉，注意有可能的危险。故选A。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing guess that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. He’s seen it in a pair of birds dozing side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.(这个结果为长期以来的猜测提供了最好的证据，即单半球睡眠是随着生物扫描敌人而进化的。他预测，这种睁着一只眼睛观望的偏好可能会很普遍。他在动物园里看到过一对并排打盹的鸟，也看到过一只宠物鸟在镜子旁睡觉。镜子一侧的眼睛闭上了，就好像镜子中的倒影是一个同伴，而另一只眼睛一直睁着。)”可知，靠近镜子一边的眼睛闭上了，而另一只眼睛一直睁着，说明假想的伴侣给了鸟一些安全感。故选C。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to come up occasionally to avoid drowning (溺死).(也许保持大脑的一侧清醒可以让沉睡的动物偶尔浮出水面，避免溺水。)”可知，水里的动物睡觉时把一侧的大脑放在水面是为了不时浮出水面呼吸，防止溺水。故选B。
【36题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线句下一句“He guesses that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.(他猜测，当我们仔细观察其他物种时，可能会发现更多的例子。)”可推知，鸟类的半脑睡眠方式只是冰山一角，其他的物种也有可能会这样，“just the tip of the iceberg”表明半脑睡眠可能存在于其他物种中。故选D。
D
I fell in love with the minister’s son the winter I turned fourteen. He was not Chinese, but as whitre as Mary in the manger. For Christmas I prayed for this blond-haired boy, Robert. and a slim new American nose.
When I found out that my parents had invited the minister’s family over for Christmas Eve dinner, I cried. What would Robert think of our shabby Chinese Christmas What would he think of our noisy Chinese relatives who lacked proper American manners What terrible disappointment would he feel upon seeing not a roasted turkey and sweet potatoes but Chinese food
On Christmas Eve, I saw that my mother had outdone herself in creating a strange menu. She was pulling black veins out of the backs of fleshy prawn（大虾）. The kitchen was littered with shocking mounds if raw food: A slimy rock cod with bulging（鼓起的）eyes that pleaded not to be thrown into a pan of hot oil. Tofu, which looked like stacked wedged of rubbery white sponges. A bowl soaking dried fungus back to life. A plate of liquid, their backs crisscrossed with knife marking, so they resembled bicycle tires.
And then they arrived --- the minister’s family and all my relatives in a clamor（喧闹）of doorbells and rumpled（皱的）Christmas packages. Robert grunted hello, and I pretended he was not worthy of existence.
Dinner threw me deeper into despair. My relatives licked the ends of their chopsticks and reached across the table. Robert and his family waited patiently for patters to be passed to them. My relatives murmured with pleasure when my mother brought out the whole steamed fish. Robert frowned. Then my father reached his chopsticks just below the fish eye and plucked out the soft meat. “Amy, your favorite,” he said, offering me the tender fish cheek. I wanted to disappear.
At the end of the meal, my father leaned back and burped（打嗝）loudly, thanking my mother for her fine cooking. “It’s a polite Chinese custom to show you are satisfied.” explained my father to our astonished guests. Robert was looking down at his plate with a reddened face. The minister managed to bring up a quiet burp. I was stunned into silence for the rest of the night.
After everyone had gone, my mother said to me, “You want to be the same as American girls on the outside.” She handed me an early gift. It was a miniskirt in beige tweed（米黄色粗花呢）. “But inside you must always be Chinese. You must be proud that you are different. Your only shame is to have shame.”
And even though I didn’t agree with her then I knew that she understood how much I had suffered during the evening’s dinner. It wasn’t until years later long after I had gotten over my crush on Robert ---that I was able to fully appreciate her lesson and the purpose behind her particular menu. For Christmas Eve that year, she had chosen all my favorite food.
37. When the writer found out the minister’s family would come for Christmas Eve dinner, she cried mainly because ______.
A. her mum prepared a disturbingly traditional Chinese dinner.
B. she wasn’t ready for her slim new American nose to fir Robert.
C. she worried Robert would not accept or bear her Chinese family
D. the writer was too nervous to face the minister’s family
38. The fact that ______ made the dinner a deeper disappointment for the writer.
A. her relatives ignored their American guests
B. her family and relatives lacked American manners
C. her relatives brought rumpled Christmas package
D. Robert didn’t greet me happily when he came to the house
39. We can learn from the passage that ______.
A. Mom prepared the special menu to show her love to her daughter
B. Robert burped in a quiet way to show understanding of Chinese culture
C. the minister’s family enjoyed the food though it is different from theirs
D. the writer didn’t appreciate her mother’s effort until the dinner was over
40. Which of the following may be the appropriate title of the passage
A. My Lover, Robert B. A melting pot C. Fish Checks D. Strange Parents
【答案】37. C 38. B 39. A 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在14岁的时候，母亲请外国朋友来家吃饭的事情。当时作者为亲戚和父亲在餐桌前的表现感觉非常失望，非常尴尬。但是母亲却告诫她可以外表像美国女孩，而内在仍然要保持中国人的内在品质。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“What would Robert think of our shabby Chinese Christmas What would he think of our noisy Chinese relatives who lacked proper American manners What terrible disappointment would he feel upon seeing not a roasted turkey and sweet potatoes but Chinese food （罗伯特会怎么看我们寒酸的中国圣诞节？他会怎么看我们吵吵闹闹的中国亲戚，他们缺乏适当的美国礼仪？如果他看到的不是烤火鸡和红薯，而是中国菜，他会感到多么可怕的失望啊！）”可推断，作者哭的原因是怕Robert一家笑话他们，故选C。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“Dinner threw me deeper into despair. My relatives licked the ends of their chopsticks and reached across the table.（晚餐使我更加绝望。我的亲戚们舔了舔筷子的末端，然后把手伸到桌子对面。） ”；“My relatives murmured with pleasure when my mother brought out the whole steamed fish. （当母亲端出整条清蒸鱼时，亲戚们高兴地低声说着。）”；“Then my father reached his chopsticks just below the fish eye and plucked out the soft meat. “Amy, your favorite,” he said, offering me the tender fish cheek.（然后，我父亲把筷子伸到鱼眼下面，拔出了柔软的鱼肉。“艾米，你的最爱，”他说着，把鲜嫩的鱼颊递给我。我想消失。）”可知作者的中国亲戚和父亲的餐桌礼仪完全和外国的餐桌礼仪不同，这些使得作者感觉她在朋友面前很丢面子，故选B。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“On Christmas Eve, I saw that my mother had outdone herself in creating a strange menu. （平安夜那天，我看到妈妈做了一份奇怪的菜单，真是超水平发挥。）”及最后一段中“For Christmas Eve that year, she had chosen all my favorite food.（那年的平安夜，她为我挑选了所有我最喜欢的食物。）”可知，妈妈爱女儿，所以为作者特意做了她喜欢的食物，故选A。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章在首段讲述了作者在14岁时爱上了牧师的儿子Robert，进而提到圣诞节，作者的父母邀请了牧师一家来吃圣诞夜晚餐。晚餐中，父亲在餐桌上的举止及父亲给作者夹鱼肉的动作，让作者感到丢面子；之后母亲告诫作者可以外表像美国女孩，而内在仍然要保持中国人的内在品质。可推知，文章主要通过作者吃到妈妈圣诞节的特殊食物——清蒸鱼，让作者理解母亲给她的教训和母亲的特殊菜单背后的目的：即母亲为了鼓励作者，让作者为自己的中国根而感到骄傲。所以文章的标题可以为“鱼的启示”，故选C。
四、短文填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When did you last write a letter by hand In a digital world, where sending a text or email is more convenient than using snail mail, is traditional pen and paper dying out Some people claim that writing has many benefits. So maybe it’s not time to put away your pen yet.
These days, when people request things in writing, a typed, electronic document will be accepted. ____41____. But crafting a handwritten document is unique: It requires planning and thought, and it helps you to remember spelling and punctuation.
____42____. This is particularly relevant for students. They are used to typing notes into a laptop, which is thought to lack the “tactile feedback (触觉反馈) ” to the brain that contact between pen and paper does. BBC Worklife website quotes Hetty Roessingh from the University of Calgary, who says that “taking notes by hand involves cognitive (认知的) engagement in summarizing, paraphrasing, organizing, concept and vocabulary mapping.”____43____.
There are everyday benefits to using pen and paper too. Scribbling notes, shopping lists or messages on the back of an envelope can still be useful, quick and portable.____44____. Pen pal writer Katherine Moller told the BBC: “...it is so personal and so precious to know someone chose to turn off the virtual world to spend some time with you.”
____45____especially if your smartphone, tablet or laptop runs out of power!
A. Some experts believe your brain benefits from using pen and paper
B. Doing this on a computer means it could be edited, saved and sent
C. However, a hand-written document can reflect your devotion and sincerity
D. So, while digital skills remain important, don’t quit your pens and pencils yet
E. Handwriting has became a fashion for a small group of people in recent years
F. Others agree that handwriting may improve fine motor skills in your hands and fingers
G. And putting pen to paper in a letter to a friend or loved one can probably have the most impact
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. F 44. G 45. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章通过对手写文本或信件好处的描述，呼吁大家即使数字技能很重要，也不要放弃手中的纸笔。
【41题详解】
根据上一句“These days, when people request things in writing, a typed, electronic document will be accepted.”（如今，当人们以书面形式提出要求时，打印的电子文件将被接受。）可知，人们需要在电脑上打印电子文件来提出书面要求，选项B. Doing this on a computer means it could be edited, saved and sent（在电脑上这样做意味着它可以被编辑、保存和发送）中的“Doing this on a computer”与之相对应，指的就是在电脑上打印电子文件；下一句“But crafting a handwritten document is unique:”（但手写文件是独一无二的）开始描述手写文件的优点，用了转折连词“But”，与选项B中讲述的“打印文件”正好形成转折关系，故选项B承上启下，衔接合理。故选B。
【42题详解】
根据第三段中“They are used to typing notes into a laptop, which is thought to lack the “tactile feedback (触觉反馈) ” to the brain that contact between pen and paper does.”（他们习惯于在笔记本电脑上打字，而笔记本电脑被认为缺乏像纸笔接触大脑那样的“触觉反馈”。）和“BBC Worklife website quotes Hetty Roessingh from the University of Calgary, who says that “taking notes by hand involves cognitive (认知的) engagement in summarizing, paraphrasing, organizing, concept and vocabulary mapping.””（BBC Worklife网站引用了Calgary大学的Hetty Rossingh的话，她说：“手写笔记涉及到总结、转述、组织、概念和词汇映射等认知活动。”）可知，一些专家认为学生们用纸笔记录笔记，有利于提升大脑的认知能力，选项A. Some experts believe your brain benefits from using pen and paper.（一些专家认为使用笔和纸对大脑有好处。）与其意思相符，有着概况的作用。故选A。
【43题详解】
根据第2题的“Some experts believe your brain benefits from using pen and paper.”（一些专家认为使用笔和纸对大脑有好处。），选项F. Others agree that handwriting may improve fine motor skills in your hands and fingers.（其他专家也同意书写可以提高手和手指的精细运动技能。）中主语与其有连续性，且指出了其他专家提出的使用纸笔在其他方面的好处，与上一句语意内容方向一致，衔接合理，符合语境。故选F。
【44题详解】
根据第四段首句“There are everyday benefits to using pen and paper too. ”（使用笔和纸也有日常的好处。）可知，本段主要讲述了使用纸笔的日常好处；结合后面列举的具体事例“Scribbling notes, shopping lists or messages on the back of an envelope can still be useful, quick and portable.”（在信封背面写下便条、购物清单或信息仍然是有用的、快速的和便携的。），选项G. And putting pen to paper in a letter to a friend or loved one can probably have the most impact.（给朋友或爱人提笔写信可能会产生最大的影响。）也是具体的使用纸笔的日常好处，承接前文，符合语境。故选G。
【45题详解】
本题为文章的总结段落的主题句，文章主要讲述了使用纸笔书写文本和信件的好处，选项D. So, while digital skills remain important, don’t quit your pens and pencils yet.（所以，虽然数字技能仍然很重要，但不要放弃你的钢笔和铅笔。）作为总结，呼吁大家不要放弃手中拿着的笔，合情合理；结合下一句“especially if your smartphone, tablet or laptop runs out of power!”（尤其是当你的智能手机、平板电脑或笔记本电脑没电的时候!），进一步强调了纸笔所独有的优势，突出了选项D中作者的意愿，符合语境。故选D。
第二卷（40分）
五、听力（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分），听三遍，每空一词。
This is AP News Minute.
The number of people hospitalized with COVID-19 in the us has dropped, (46) ______% in the past three weeks. Health officials say many hospitals are (47) ______ fewer omicron variant cases, but (48) ______ surgeries and exhausted workers are still problems.
Many Democrats say Monday’s decision on Alabama’s congressional districts shows the Supreme Court is getting too (49) ______ The court stopped a lower court ruling that required the state to create a second mostly Black district.
Canadian lawmakers are expressing (50) ______ that truckers protesting COVID-19 restrictions could (51) ______ the county’s economy, Protesters this week (52) ______ Canada-bound traffic on the Ambassador Bridge, the (53) ______ US-Canadian border crossing,
Dozens of firefighters (54) ______ massive fire in a five-story hotel and apartment complex in Oklahoma City. The site was still under (55) ______. No injuries were reported.
六、单句首字母，请填入必修三Unit4，选必一Unit l及Unit 2新学单词（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分）
46. She was faced with a dilemma whether to give up her career with a p______ future or to pursue her dream of pushing back the frontiers of science.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】promising##romising
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她面临着一个两难的选择，是放弃前途光明的事业，还是追求科学前沿的梦想。根据首字母以及“to pursue her dream of pushing back the frontiers of science”可知，空处需要形容词promising“有前途的”，在句中作定语修饰名词future。故填promising。
47. We occupied the land, the forests, the rivers; we e______ the mineral wealth beneath the soil and all the riches of this beautiful country. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】extracted##xtracted
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们占领了土地、森林、河流；我们开采了地下矿产财富以及这个美丽国家的所有财富。空处在句中为谓语，结合前句谓语occupied可知，空处的时态用一般过去时；结合下文“the mineral wealth beneath the soil”及首字母提示，可知，空处的含义为“从土壤下提取矿产财富”，extract (提取)为及物动词，符合题意，故填extracted。
48. His grades s______ because he had to work part-time to provide for the family. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】suffered##uffered
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他的成绩受到了影响，因为他不得不做兼职来养家糊口。根据首字母以及“because he had to work part-time to provide for the family”可知，空处需要动词suffer“变差”，在句中作谓语动词，符合语境。根据时间状语从句中的had可知，主句为一般过去时态。故填suffered。
49. Ant, music, drama and dance are hugely b______ for children’s development and for their academic achievements. We must include them in our curriculum. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】beneficial##eneficial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：蚂蚁、音乐、戏剧和舞蹈对孩子的发展和学习成绩都有很大的好处。根据首字母以及“for children’s development and for their academic achievements”可知，空处需要形容词beneficial“有益的”，符合语境，在句中作表语。故填beneficial。
50. The Daily Mail, in the United Kingdom, even i______ the report with a photo of a kilt, explaining that a kilt is “the national dress of Scotland.” （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】illustrated##llustrated
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：英国《每日邮报》甚至在报道中配了一张苏格兰短裙的照片，解释说苏格兰短裙是“苏格兰的民族服饰”。根据句意和首字母提示，应填illustrate“加插图于……”作谓语，根据句意可知，描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，故填illustrated。
51. With few exceptions, those who had worked in the lab r______ their time there as “magical years with enthusiasm”.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】recalled##ecalled
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：几乎没有例外，那些在实验室工作过的人回忆起他们在那里的时光是“充满热情的神奇岁月”。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，空处应用表示“记起，回想起”的动词recall，根据had worked可知，空处描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，动词应用过去式。故填recalled。
52. The song, which she had been listening to for years, r______ her depression immediately. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】relieved##elieved
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：这首歌，她多年来一直听，立即缓解她的抑郁症。空处在主句中作谓语，结合句中“which she had been listening to for years”可知，空处的时态用一般过去时；结合空后“her depression”可知，此处指“这首歌缓解了她的抑郁症”，relieve“缓解，释放”为及物动词，符合题意，故填relieved。
53. For years she had c______ poems, scribbled down short story ideas, and dreamed of publication. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】composed##omposed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：多年来，她创作诗歌，有写下短篇小说的想法，并梦想着发表作品。根据句中“poems, scribbled down short story ideas”及首字母提示，可知空处的含义为“创作”含义，动词compose“创作”为及物动词，结合空前助动词“had”可知，本句使用了过去完成时，故填composed。
54. All my studying, reading, thinking, traveling have t______ me into someone who no longer belongs anywhere. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】transformed##ransformed
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：我所有的学习、阅读、思考和旅行都把我变成了一个不再属于任何地方的人。根据首字母以及“into someone who no longer belongs anywhere”可知，空处需要动词transform“使转变”符合语境，谓语动词。根据空前的助动词have可知，本句话为现在完成时态，空处需要过去分词。故填transformed。
55. The houses there were modest but neat, with new lawns that seemed oddly green and out of place in the uniformly brown s______.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】surroundings##urroundings
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：那里的房子虽然简陋但整洁，新草坪看起来出奇的绿，在周围均匀的棕色环境中显得格格不入。根据前文语义和首字母提示可知，空处应用表示“环境，周围的事物”的名词surroundings，作宾语。故填surroundings。
七、词组替换，请填入必修三Unit 4，选必一Unit l及Unit 2新学词组（共5题；每小题1分，满分5分）
词组替换
56. He made use of his experience as a photographer to make a documentary programme.
57. To get the accurate answer, they looked up information in many books.
58. The economy needs more skilled workers very much, yet millions remain unemployed and unemployable.
59. Many families have been separated by war and revolution.
60. The concert was excellent --- there were lots of well-known songs with some new ones added.
【答案】56. drew on
57. referred to
58. cries out for
59. have been torn apart
60. thrown in
【解析】
【56题详解】
考查短语。句意：他利用自己当摄影师的经验制作了一个纪实节目。根据句意可知，短语：make use of在句中的含义为“利用，运用”，固定短语；draw on“利用，运用”，与短语“make use of”同义，句子使用了一般过去时，所以替换后，同样用一般过去时。故答案为：drew on。
【57题详解】
考查短语。句意：为了得到准确的答案，他们查阅了许多书籍。根据句意可知，短语：look up在句中的含义为“查阅”，短语：refer to“查阅”为固定短语，与短语“look up”同义，句子使用了一般过去时，所以替换后，同样用一般过去时。故答案为：referred to。
【58题详解】
考查短语。句意：经济非常需要更多的技术工人，但仍有数百万人失业或无法就业。根据句意可知，划线短语在句中的含义为“非常需要……”，固定短语；cry out for“迫切需要”，与划线短语“needs very much”同义，主语“economy”为第三人称单数，所以替换后的动词cry用第三人称单数形式。故答案为：cries out for。
【59题详解】
考查短语。句意：许多家庭因战争和革命而分离。separate在句中的含义为“分离，分开”，短语：tear apart“分开，分散”为固定短语，与单词“separate”同义，句子使用了现在完成时，所以替换后，同样用现在完成时。故答案为：have been torn apart。
【60题详解】
考查短语。句意：音乐会非常棒——有很多著名的歌曲，还加入了一些新歌。add在句中含义为“增加，增添”，短语：throw in“添加，外加”为固定短语，本句中划线部分为宾语补足语，与代词“ones”为动宾关系，所以替换后的短语同样为宾语补足语，使用过去分词形式。故答案为：thrown in。
八、作文（满分15分）
61. People used to value more about college name than college major but today an increasing number of students would rather choose a popular major in a less famous college than a random（随意的）major in a big-name school. What’s your idea Which is more important College major or college name
Please write a short passage in about 150 words to express your idea. List TWO REASONS to support your idea.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Nowadays, there is a tendency that an increasing number of students would rather choose a popular major in a less famous college than a random major in a key university. To this phenomenon, different people hold different opinions. From my point of view, the popularity of the school far outweighs the major. The reasons why I value more about college name than college major are as follows.
To begin with, the popularity of the school can contribute to a well-paid job after graduation. When we look for a job, the company tend to value the name of the school where we graduate. In addition, a key university can create a better learning atmosphere and high quality of the social circle. Last but not least, admitted to key universities, we have an opportunity to take a second major, which can promote our competence.
Therefore, my suggestion is that we teenagers are supposed to select a prestigious university with a less-popular major. Only in this way can we get an advantage when seeking for a job.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。要求写一篇关于选择大学的名字而不是专业还是在一所名气不大的大学选一个热门专业这两种观点，写出自己的看法并解释原因。
【详解】1.词汇积累
著名的：famous→noted/celebrated/famed
导致：contribute to→lead to/ result in
在我看来：from my point of view →as far as I am concerned/in my opinion
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：To this phenomenon, different people hold different opinions.
拓展句：Different people have different views on this phenomenon.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The reasons why I value more about college name than college major are as follows. (运用了why引导的限制性定语从句。)
【高分句型2】Therefore, my suggestion is that we teenagers are supposed to select a prestigious university with a less-popular major. (运用了that引导的表语从句。)高一下学期南外期末考试
英语试卷
第一卷（60分）
一、单项选择（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分）
1. Hoping to win ______ years in power, Emmanule Macron, ______ President of France had to again face competition from his rival Marine.
A. other five; 不填 B. another five; the C. another five; 不填 D. other five; the
2. --- Life is hard these days because of the pandemic.
--- At least we have a job and some money left. That’s ______, isn’t it
A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something
3. I couldn’t remember the exact date of the celebration, but I knew it was ______ Saturday when everybody was not at ______ work.
A. a; the B. a; 不填 C. the; the D. the; 不填
4. He hurt his leg yesterday. ______ why he can’t come to ______ party.
A. That’s; tonight B. That’s; tonight’s C. It’s; tonight D. It’s; tonight’s
5. At the age of 84, Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine, ______her the first female Chinese scientist ______ the award.
A. making; to win B. to make; winning C. making; winning D. to make; to win
6. A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not.
A. ones B. those
C. these D. them
7. Expenses are different ______ personal requirements, budget, and destination.
A. relying on B. focusing on C. turning on D. depending on
8. My explanation seemed ______ things worse, which drove me even madder than before.
A. to make B. to have been making C. to have made D. to be making
9. ______ determined to be successful in his career should have team spirit.
A. Those who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Whomever
10. The 2022 Asian Games ______ in Hangzhou, China in September has been postponed due to the ______ COVID-19 cases.
A. to be held; raised B. held; raised C. held; rising D. to be held; rising
二、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was travelling on an overnight bus. The bus - an ordinary, non-air-conditioned one -was more than packed. The passengers seated comfortably by the windows wore happy expressions as they ____11____ outside world. The people seated by the aisle (过道) cursed (咒骂) the standing ones, who ____12____ leaned on the seat corners.
After around two very long hours, I was so ____13____ that I kept shifting my body weight from one leg to the other to manage the ____14____. I suddenly sensed soft hand tapping my elbow, asking for attention. Turning around, I found middle-aged man with a kind smile looking ____15____ at me. He suddenly stood up and said I could take his seat for some time. I was pleasantly surprised and ____16____ accepted his offer. After about 20 minutes, I ____17____ him to take back his space. A man, who was sitting by the window on the other side of the bus, had ____18____ our exchange.
Just then, something ____19____ happened. Our observer voluntarily stood up and offered his seat to another standing man. Out of the blue, this _____20_____ of seat-sharing spread through the bus like wildfire and, before long, almost all the _____21_____ got a chance to be seated. People _____22_____ started chatting with each other while exchanging positions, and soon began sharing jokes and singing. Needless to say, the rest of the journey was quite _____23_____.
This extraordinary experience has stayed with me even after all these years. It revealed to me an important _____24_____ - that we can all share what we have, _____25_____ our burdens (负担), and help our co-passengers in this journey called life.
11. A. forgot about B. thought about C. escaped from D. looked at
12. A. safely B. occasionally C. rarely D. cheerfully
13. A. exhausted B. curious C. scared D. nervous
14 A. balance B. discomfort C. embarrassment D. weight
15. A. forward B. down C. up D. backward
16. A. reluctantly B. guiltily C. immediately D. suddenly
17. A. expected B. begged C. advised D. signaled
18. A. found B. observed C. realized D. discovered
19. A. amusing B. magical C. natural D. strange
20. A. game B. trick C. competition D. reaction
21. A. passengers B. observers C. standees D. people
22. A. still B. surely C. even D. already
23. A. enjoyable B. tolerable C. acceptable D. incredible
24. A. idea B. fact C. opinion D. principle
25. A. besides B. with C. without D. including
三、阅读（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
A
CHRONOLOGICA ——The Unbelievable Years that Defined History DID YOU KNOW… In 105 AD paper was invented in China When Columbus discovered the New World The British Museum opened in 1759 CHRONOLOGICA is a fascinating journey through time, from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the Internet. Along the way are tales of kings and queens, hot air balloons…and monkeys in space. Travel through 100 of the most unbelievable years in world history and learn why being a Roman Emperor wasn’t always as good as it sounds, how the Hundred Years’ War didn’t actually last for 100 years and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather unfortunate record. CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history, beautifully illustrated and full of unbelievable facts. While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of famous people in history such as Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great, this book also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals including the explorer Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum. This complete but brief historical collection is certain to entertain readers young and old, and guaranteed to present even the biggest history lover with something new!
26. What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the text
A. A biography. B. A travel guide.
C. A history book. D. A science fiction.
27. How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to readers
A. By giving details of its collection.
B. By introducing some of its contents.
C By telling stories at the beginning.
D. By comparing it with other books.
B
Shrinkflation has made British shoppers unhappy. For years, producers have quietly shrunk product sizes rather than rise prices. A multipack(合装包)of Fazzles, used to cost 1 ($1.36) and contain eight bags. Now it contains six. Cadbury’s Creme Eggs used to come by the half-dozen; now they come in fives. Quality Street, a chocolate box, weighed 1.2kg in 2009; today, just 650g.
The logic of Shrinkflation is that consumers are less likely to notice it than its alternative: higher prices. For years, the government has worked on the same principle. Taxpayers paid roughly the same, but government services became worse. Now an era of price increases in the form of tax rises has begun. In a nasty combination of inflation and shrinkflation, voters will be expected to pay more for less.
It will be an awkward shift. Since coming to power in 2010, the Conservatives (保守党) have used shrinkflation just as retailers do. In the early austerity (财政紧缩) years, the government shrank (收缩，减少), but its cost did not. As a percentage of GDP, it fell from a peak after the financial crisis of 46% of GDP to 39%. Taxes stayed around their historic norm of about 32% of GDP. But citizens received fewer services.
And, as when shoppers fail to notice the missing packet of Frazzles, voters did not care much at first. Weekly bin collections became fortnightly or monthly. Once-generous legal aid became mean; in-work benefits fell; police solved fewer crimes. But eventually voters and shoppers start to feel confused. Was a box of Quality Street always so small Were the police always so used to fraud (诈骗) Moreover, shrinkflation cannot continue forever. Just as people will not buy an empty packet of Frazzles, taxpayers will not pay for government services that are not provided at all. Eventually prices must rise — as the Conservatives are discovering. By 2026 the tax burden will be 36% of GDP, the highest since the post-war era, under Clement Atlee. This will cause several problems such as one of expectations. Atlee’s government promised a new Jerusalem (耶路撒冷): voters accepted higher taxes in return for a welfare(福利)state. Similarly, when New Labour governments raised taxes in the 2000s, they provided more in return. They increased national insurance, in order to bring heath care spending in line with other European countries. Schools were rebuilt and repaired; civic art, though sometimes of questionable quality, appeared in town squares.
Unfortunately, this time higher spending will at best stop things getting worse. Sajid Javi, the health secretary, admits that the health-and social-care systems will struggle even after a 2.5 percentage-point rise in national insurance,
“Is that all we get for 12bn” asked the Daily Mail, a newspaper that lends to see eye-to-eye with the Conservatives, when the plan to cut hospital waiting-lists was announced. British voters are often said to want American taxes and a European welfare government. Instead, they face paying European taxes for services as insufficient as those in American.
28. Shrinkflation refers to the process of items ______.
A. shrinking in size or quantity while their prices remain the same
B. shrinking in size or quantity while their prices become higher
C. expanding in sire or quantity while their prices remain the same
D. expanding in size or quantity while their prices become lower
29. What can be learned about the consumer psychology in Britain nowadays
A. Consumers will pay higher taxes for government services.
B. Consumers are more sensitive to price increases in products.
C. Consumers can hardly notice the changes in government services.
D. Consumers are unwilling to pay for government services.
30. What is the writer’s attitude toward New Labour governments in Para 4
A Critical. B. Unconcerned. C. Supportive. D. Doubtful.
31. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Both inflation and shrinkflation exist in Britain.
B. The Americans pay high taxes for poor services.
C. The British government will be costlier with fewer services.
D. The Daily Mail is in favor of the current economic policy.
C
Birds that are literally half-asleep — with one brain hemisphere alert (警惕的) and the other sleeping — control which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks.
Earlier studies have documented half brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemisphere’s eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.
Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable, end of the row sleepers.
Sure enough, in the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.
Also, birds dozing at the end of the line resorted to single hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Rotating (轮换位置) 16 birds through the positions in a four duck row, the researchers found outer birds half asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.
“We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain,” the researchers say.
The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing guess that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. He’s seen it in a pair of birds dozing side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.
Useful as half sleeping might be, it’s only been found in birds and such water mammals (哺乳动物) as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to come up occasionally to avoid drowning (溺死).
Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds’ half brain sleep is “just the tip of the iceberg”. He guesses that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.
32. A new study on birds’ sleep has revealed that ______.
A. half brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birds
B. half brain sleep is characterized by slow brain waves
C. birds can control their half brain sleep consciously
D. birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest
33. According to the passage, birds often half sleep because ______.
A. they have to watch out for possible attacks
B. their brain hemispheres take turns to rest
C. the two halves of their brain are differently structured
D. they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions
34. The example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates that ______.
A. the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespread
B. birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of security
C. even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of security
D. a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror
35. While sleeping, some water mammals tend to keep half awake in order to ______.
A. alert themselves to the approaching enemy
B. emerge from water now and then to breathe
C. be sensitive to the ever-changing environment
D. avoid being swept away by rapid currents
36. By “just the tip of the iceberg”, Siegel suggests that ______.
A. half-brain sleep has something to do with icy weather
B. the mystery of half-brain sleep is close to being solved
C. most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepers
D. half-brain sleep may exist among other species
D
I fell in love with the minister’s son the winter I turned fourteen. He was not Chinese, but as whitre as Mary in the manger. For Christmas I prayed for this blond-haired boy, Robert. and a slim new American nose.
When I found out that my parents had invited the minister’s family over for Christmas Eve dinner, I cried. What would Robert think of our shabby Chinese Christmas What would he think of our noisy Chinese relatives who lacked proper American manners What terrible disappointment would he feel upon seeing not a roasted turkey and sweet potatoes but Chinese food
On Christmas Eve, I saw that my mother had outdone herself in creating a strange menu. She was pulling black veins out of the backs of fleshy prawn（大虾）. The kitchen was littered with shocking mounds if raw food: A slimy rock cod with bulging（鼓起的）eyes that pleaded not to be thrown into a pan of hot oil. Tofu, which looked like stacked wedged of rubbery white sponges. A bowl soaking dried fungus back to life. A plate of liquid, their backs crisscrossed with knife marking, so they resembled bicycle tires.
And then they arrived --- the minister’s family and all my relatives in a clamor（喧闹）of doorbells and rumpled（皱的）Christmas packages. Robert grunted hello, and I pretended he was not worthy of existence.
Dinner threw me deeper into despair. My relatives licked the ends of their chopsticks and reached across the table. Robert and his family waited patiently for patters to be passed to them. My relatives murmured with pleasure when my mother brought out the whole steamed fish. Robert frowned. Then my father reached his chopsticks just below the fish eye and plucked out the soft meat. “Amy, your favorite,” he said, offering me the tender fish cheek. I wanted to disappear.
At the end of the meal, my father leaned back and burped（打嗝）loudly, thanking my mother for her fine cooking. “It’s a polite Chinese custom to show you are satisfied.” explained my father to our astonished guests. Robert was looking down at his plate with a reddened face. The minister managed to bring up a quiet burp. I was stunned into silence for the rest of the night.
After everyone had gone, my mother said to me, “You want to be the same as American girls on the outside.” She handed me an early gift. It was a miniskirt in beige tweed（米黄色粗花呢）. “But inside you must always be Chinese. You must be proud that you are different. Your only shame is to have shame.”
And even though I didn’t agree with her then, I knew that she understood how much I had suffered during the evening’s dinner. It wasn’t until years later long after I had gotten over my crush on Robert ---that I was able to fully appreciate her lesson and the purpose behind her particular menu. For Christmas Eve that year, she had chosen all my favorite food.
37. When the writer found out the minister’s family would come for Christmas Eve dinner, she cried mainly because ______.
A. her mum prepared a disturbingly traditional Chinese dinner.
B. she wasn’t ready for her slim new American nose to fir Robert.
C. she worried Robert would not accept or bear her Chinese family
D. the writer was too nervous to face the minister’s family
38. The fact that ______ made the dinner a deeper disappointment for the writer.
A. her relatives ignored their American guests
B. her family and relatives lacked American manners
C. her relatives brought rumpled Christmas package
D. Robert didn’t greet me happily when he came to the house
39. We can learn from the passage that ______.
A. Mom prepared the special menu to show her love to her daughter
B. Robert burped in a quiet way to show understanding of Chinese culture
C. the minister’s family enjoyed the food though it is different from theirs
D. the writer didn’t appreciate her mother’s effort until the dinner was over
40. Which of the following may be the appropriate title of the passage
A. My Lover, Robert B. A melting pot C. Fish Checks D. Strange Parents
四、短文填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When did you last write a letter by hand In a digital world, where sending a text or email is more convenient than using snail mail, is traditional pen and paper dying out Some people claim that writing has many benefits. So maybe it’s not time to put away your pen yet.
These days, when people request things in writing, a typed, electronic document will be accepted. ____41____. But crafting a handwritten document is unique: It requires planning and thought, and it helps you to remember spelling and punctuation.
____42____. This is particularly relevant for students. They are used to typing notes into a laptop, which is thought to lack the “tactile feedback (触觉反馈) ” to the brain that contact between pen and paper does. BBC Worklife website quotes Hetty Roessingh from the University of Calgary, who says that “taking notes by hand involves cognitive (认知的) engagement in summarizing, paraphrasing, organizing, concept and vocabulary mapping.”____43____.
There are everyday benefits to using pen and paper too. Scribbling notes, shopping lists or messages on the back of an envelope can still be useful, quick and portable.____44____. Pen pal writer Katherine Moller told the BBC: “...it is so personal and so precious to know someone chose to turn off the virtual world to spend some time with you.”
____45____especially if your smartphone, tablet or laptop runs out of power!
A. Some experts believe your brain benefits from using pen and paper
B. Doing this on a computer means it could be edited, saved and sent
C. However, a hand-written document can reflect your devotion and sincerity
D. So, while digital skills remain important, don’t quit your pens and pencils yet
E. Handwriting has became a fashion for a small group of people in recent years
F. Others agree that handwriting may improve fine motor skills in your hands and fingers
G. And putting pen to paper in a letter to a friend or loved one can probably have the most impact
第二卷（40分）
五、听力（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分），听三遍，每空一词。
This is AP News Minute.
The number of people hospitalized with COVID-19 in the us has dropped, (46) ______% in the past three weeks. Health officials say many hospitals are (47) ______ fewer omicron variant cases, but (48) ______ surgeries and exhausted workers are still problems.
Many Democrats say Monday’s decision on Alabama’s congressional districts shows the Supreme Court is getting too (49) ______ The court stopped a lower court ruling that required the state to create a second mostly Black district.
Canadian lawmakers are expressing (50) ______ that truckers protesting COVID-19 restrictions could (51) ______ the county’s economy, Protesters this week (52) ______ Canada-bound traffic on the Ambassador Bridge, the (53) ______ US-Canadian border crossing,
Dozens of firefighters (54) ______ massive fire in a five-story hotel and apartment complex in Oklahoma City. The site was still under (55) ______. No injuries were reported.
六、单句首字母，请填入必修三Unit4，选必一Unit l及Unit 2新学单词（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分）
46. She was faced with a dilemma whether to give up her career with a p______ future or to pursue her dream of pushing back the frontiers of science.（根据首字母单词拼写）
47. We occupied the land, the forests, the rivers; we e______ the mineral wealth beneath the soil and all the riches of this beautiful country. （根据首字母单词拼写）
48. His grades s______ because he had to work part-time to provide for the family. （根据首字母单词拼写）
49. Ant, music, drama and dance are hugely b______ for children’s development and for their academic achievements. We must include them in our curriculum. （根据首字母单词拼写）
50. The Daily Mail, in the United Kingdom, even i______ the report with a photo of a kilt, explaining that a kilt is “the national dress of Scotland.” （根据首字母单词拼写）
51. With few exceptions, those who had worked in the lab r______ their time there as “magical years with enthusiasm”.（根据首字母单词拼写）
52. The song, which she had been listening to for years, r______ her depression immediately. （根据首字母单词拼写）
53. For years, she had c______ poems, scribbled down short story ideas, and dreamed of publication. （根据首字母单词拼写）
54. All my studying, reading, thinking, traveling have t______ me into someone who no longer belongs anywhere. （根据首字母单词拼写）
55. The houses there were modest but neat, with new lawns that seemed oddly green and out of place in the uniformly brown s______.（根据首字母单词拼写）
七、词组替换，请填入必修三Unit 4，选必一Unit l及Unit 2新学词组（共5题；每小题1分，满分5分）
词组替换
56. He made use of his experience as a photographer to make a documentary programme.
57. To get the accurate answer they looked up information in many books.
58. The economy needs more skilled workers very much, yet millions remain unemployed and unemployable.
59 Many families have been separated by war and revolution.
60. The concert was excellent --- there were lots of well-known songs with some new ones added.
八、作文（满分15分）
61. People used to value more about college name than college major but today an increasing number of students would rather choose a popular major in a less famous college than a random（随意的）major in a big-name school. What’s your idea Which is more important College major or college name
Please write a short passage in about 150 words to express your idea. List TWO REASONS to support your idea.
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