Module 3 Life now and then Unit 3 Language in use 课件+内嵌音频（外研版九年级下册）

(共41张PPT)
Module 3 Life now and then
Unit 3 Language in use
People are wealthier today, and they live longer than they did in the past.
But people don’t take as much exercise as they used to.
More people have cars, and they walk or use their bikes less.
We eat better and we live longer.
Language practice
一、形容词和副词的句法功能
1. 形容词的句法功能
Lina has a healthy lifestyle.
位于名词前作定语
That question sounds stupid.
位于连系动词之后作表语
The good news made us happy.
作宾语补足语
注意：当形容词修饰复合不定代词 (something, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等)时，形容词要放在复合不定代词的后面。
2. 副词的句法功能
(1) 副词一般作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
(2) often, usually, always, sometimes, never等频度副词位于实义动词之前，be动词、助动词或情态动词之后。
Grammar Ⅰ: 形容词与副词
形容词和副词的句法作用
1. 形容词的用法
形容词一般放在名词之前作定语，或放在系动词之后作表语，或作宾语补足语。形容词作定语，一般都是放在名词之前，但若修饰不定代词 something, anything等则后置。
We must keep our classroom clean. (宾补）
They were kind and nice. (表语）
Can you see the old tree there (定语）
Is there anything funny in the paper today
作定语，常置于被修饰词的前面。
He is a good actor.
2. 作表语，置于(连)系动词后面。
The baby is still asleep. Will you please make less noise
3. 作宾语补足语，置于宾语后面。
Have you got everything ready for the meeting
形容词在句中的作用及位置
alive, afraid, awake, alone, asleep等表语形容词作定语需后置。
Who is the greatest man alive
谁是当今最伟大的人物？
仔细观察下面句子，你能找到有关形容词的规律吗？
I have something important to tell you.
我有重要的事要告诉你。
英语单词中something, anything, nothing等不定代词被形容词修饰时，形容词放在不定代词后面。
away，long，wide，high，deep，old
等词附有数量词语说明时需后置。
The road is about 50 metres wide. 这条路大约50米宽。
He is a man full of energy. 他是一个充满活力的人。
形容词+介词短语或不定式短语作定语需后置。
The weather here is very pleasant. 这里的天气很宜人。
形容词作表语位于连系动词之后。
形容词作宾语补足语，位于宾语之后。
The news made her mother very angry. 这消息使她妈妈很生气。
Tired and hungry, he returned home. 他又累又饿地回到家里。
形容词或形容词词组作状语使用时，可放在句首、句中或句尾。
副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、 全句或名词词组及句子的词。常用的有：ago, before, now, then, soon, already, yet, here, there, up, down, above, below, inside, outside, where, very, much, so, too, quite, enough, easily, quietly, also, too, only等。在句中用作状语、表语、定语、宾补等成分。
2. 副词的用法
Our school is very beautiful.
It was rather hot that day.
He studies much harder now.
1. 副词修饰形容词、副词时，放在它所修饰的词的前面。
一、副词在句中的位置
2. 频度副词、程度副词可放在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实意动词之前。
She has never been to Beijing.
她从未去过北京。
They stayed at home last night. 昨晚他们在家。
Last night (时间副词) they stayed at home (地点副词).
3. 时间副词和地点副词一般位于句尾。如两种副词同时出现，一般地点副词放在时间副词之前，也可将时间副词放在句首。
Please listen carefully. 请认真地听讲。
Please listen to me carefully.请认真地听我讲。
4. 方式副词修饰及物动词可在及物动词前或宾语后，修饰不及物动词在修饰的动词后或在介词+宾语后。
The people here are very friendly. 这里的人都很友好。
1. 副词作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词后。
一、副词在句中的作用
The light is still on. 电灯还在亮着。
Her office is just above. 她的办公室就在上面。
2. 副词作表语表示位置，位于系动词后。
I’m pleased to see you back. 看到你回来我很高兴。
3.副词作宾语补足语位于宾语后。
Review the comparative degree and superlative adjectives and adverbs.
大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
Grammar Ⅱ:
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节词末尾加-er, -est tall
great taller
greater tallest
greatest
以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r, -st nice
large
able nicer
larger
abler nicest
largest
ablest
1). 构成
单音节词和少数双音节词， 在词尾加-er, -est来构成比较级和最高级。
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词, 双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er, -est big
hot bigger
hotter biggest
hottest
少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er, -est clever narrow cleverer
narrower cleverest
narrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词, 在前面加more, most来构成比较级和最高级　 careful more careful most
careful
3). 形容词、副词等级的用法
1. 原级的用法
只能修饰原级的词, very, quite, so, too。
He is too tired to walk on. 他太累了走不动了。
My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.
我哥哥跑得太快了, 我跟不上他。
2. 原级常用的句型结构
(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”。
Tom is as old as Kate. 汤姆和凯特一样大。
“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”。
Tom runs as fast as Mike. 汤姆和麦克跑得一样快。
(2)“甲+be + not + as / so+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲不如乙…”。
This room is not as / so big as that one. 这个房间没有那个大。
“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as / so+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲不如乙…”。
He doesn’t walk as slowly as you. 他走得没有你走得慢。
形容词和副词的比较等级
1. 常用的比较级的句型：
1) A + 谓动词 + 比较级 + than +B.
Mary is younger than Betty.
He got up earlier than I did this morning.
2) 主语 + 动词 + the 比较级 + of the two.
(说明：在of the two这样的比较范围或特指哪一个时, 比较级前要加the)
Tom is the taller of the two.
Lily runs faster of the two.
(3)“the＋比较级..., the＋比较级...”“越……，越……的”。
The stronger our country gets, the happier the people will be.
(4)“A＋be＋形容词比较级＋than any other＋可数名词单数”
＝“A＋be＋形容词比较级＋than the other＋可数名词复数”，
“A比其他任何……都……”，表示在同一范围内进行比较。
He is taller than any other boy in his class.
=He is taller than the other boys in his class.
1. the + 最高级 + of/ in…
常用的最高级表达方式：
Jim is the tallest of the three. 吉姆是三个人中最高的。
He is the most diligent student in his class.
他是班上最勤奋的学生。
最高级的句型
2. 选择疑问句
It is the most interesting book I have ever read.
这是我所读过的最有趣的一本书。
3. the + 最高级 + 定语从句
Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack or Bill
汤姆、杰克和比尔, 谁个子最高？
比较级和最高级的修饰语应置于其所修饰的形容词或副词之前。常见的比较级修饰语有much, still, a lot, even, far等。
He works much harder than then.他比那时工作要努力得多。
比较级和最高级的修饰语
This is by far the most expensive bag in the shop.
这是目前这家商店里最贵的包。
常见的最高级修饰语有almost, by far, far, much等。
Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in brackets.
For many people, life is a lot (1) ______ (easy) today. Medicine and diet are improving, and people are getting (2) _________________ (healthy) and living (3) ________ (long).But communication is changing (4) ____________ (fast) of all.
healthier/more healthy
longer
easier
fast/the fastest
课堂活动
01
Today, with the Internet, people can communicate(5) ___________ (easily)than ever before with friends all over the world.
Not all the changes are (6) _____(good) ones. More people drive cars instead of riding bikes, so they are not as (7) ____(fit) as they were. Increasing traffic makes the roads (8) ____________ (crowded) than ever, and it also makes pollution (9)______ (bad). We must all work harder to reduce pollution.
more easily
good
fit
more crowded
worse
Work in pairs. Look at the two pictures and talk about how the town has changed. Use the words in the box to help you.
02
big, building, busy, house, modern, more, shop, street, tall, traffic, tree
2. There are more cars in the street today than it was 50 years ago.
3. The streets are much wider and cleaner.
4. The environment is much better.
5. People are much busier than before.
6. The life is much better than before.
7. There are more shops than before.
1. The buildings are much taller, much more beautiful and much newer.
The sample answers
Complete the sentences with the words or expressions in the box.
1. We ________ have time to go on holiday.
2. We do not have much _________time because we have important exams this year.
seldom
spare
heat, more than, seldom, spare, speak up
3. Never go out in the ______of the day without a hat.
4. You have to __________ because the students in the back cannot hear you.
5. Mr Smith is __________ a teacher. Most of his pupils think of him as their friend.
heat
speak up
more than
03
Read the email and find three examples that show life was
harder in the past than it is today.
FROM: Gran
TO: Christine
SUBJECT: The lives of children in Victorian Britain
Dear Christine,
You asked me for help about your school
project - the lives of children in Victorian
04
Britain. I was also interested. I searched online and found
out the following.
In Victorian Britain, thousands of people came to the
cities to work in the factories. Instead of the green, open
countryside, people lived in very small houses, very close to
each other, with no space for children to play. Families in
those days were quite big. Often, there were four or five
children in one family, and they all had to sleep in houses of
just two rooms.
Sometimes, a whole street had to share one outside toilet.
Can you imagine that
Most of the big cities were dirty and unhealthy. The
pollution from factories filled the air. People put their
rubbish outside in the streets. As a result, there were many
illnesses.
And life was harder for children in those times. They
didn’t always go to school, because they had to work
instead. Many children started work in factories when
they were only four or five years old.
They worked twelve hours a day in dangerous jobs for
very little money. Many were hurt in accidents
with machines.
I hope this is helpful. Write to me if you
need more information.
With love,
Gran
Read the email again. Find sentences that tell us:
1. There was not enough living space for people.
2. Most of the big cities were dirty and unhealthy.
3. Life was harder for children in those times.
05
Write examples.
People lived in very small houses, very close to each other, with no space for children to play.
_______________________.
3. ________________________.
Learning to learn
When you do a listening or reading exercise, you should read the instructions carefully. Then you can focus your attention just on the information you need. You don’t have to understand every word.
Listen and complete the table.
Grandmother Mother
Age to start school
Age to start work
Age to get married
Number of children
Age to stop working
8 years old
14 years old
18 years old
four children
50 years old
6 years old
22 years old
24 years old
one children
55 years old
06
My grandmother had eight brothers and sisters. She started school when she was eight years old and left when she was fourteen. She didn’t go to university. She started work after she left school. She worked very hard in a factory. She went to work at eight o’clock in the morning and finished at six o’clock in the evening. She worked six or even seven days a week and had only a few holidays. She got married when she was eighteen and had a baby the following year. She had four children. She continued working until she was fifty years old.
Listening Material
My mother started school when she was six years old. At eighteen, she went to university. She started work when she was twenty-two. She works as a teacher. She works five days a week and has a long holiday in summer and winter. She got married when she was twenty-four and had a baby the next year. She only has one child — me! My mother will continue to work until she’s fifty-five.
Cars
The modern car has changed life a great deal. Before the invention of the car, people had to travel by rail, on horseback or by horse-drawn carriage, or on foot. Using horses for travel was slow, and of course walking was even slower. Cars allow people to travel long distances quickly, in comfort and convenience.
The car also solved an enormous problem caused by using horses for transport in cities: manure! There were so many horses in large cities that it was almost impossible to get rid of the manure. Modern people are used to the idea that cars cause pollution, but the first cars actually made cities cleaner!
Work in groups. Read the motion of the debate.
Health is more important than wealth.
Now decide who is for the motion and who is
against it. You can use some of the following ideas:
Module task:
Organising a debate
1. —What do you think of Tom’s speaking
—No one does ____ in our class.
A. good B. better C. well D. best
2. —What a careful boy you are!
—Thank you. In fact, Tom does everything___ than me.
A. more carefully B. more careful C. much careful
B
A
一. 单项选择。
课堂训练
3. — The doctor told me____ too much but I find it difficult.
— The doctor is right. The less you drink, ______ you will be.
A. don’t drink; the healthier B. not to drink; the healthier
C. not to drink; the more healthier D. don’t drink; healthier
B
4. — Which city is your favorite
— Hangzhou, of course. It’s the ____ place that I want to visit.
A. worse B. worst C. better D .best
D
5. — Dad, how can I get on well with my classmates
— Try to be friendly to them. That will make it much____.
A. easily B. more easily C. easy D. easier
D
6. --- Susan, you know what We can have a dog!
--- Great! But I prefer to have a cat. It is much ______ to look after.
A. easy B. easier C. easiest
B
7. —Which do you like _____, summer or winter
—I prefer summer.
A. good B. well C. better D. best
C
8. — It’s so cold today.
— Yes, it’s _____ colder than it was yesterday.
　A. some B. more C. very D. much
D
9. The more you smile, the _____ you will feel.
A. happy B. happier C. happily D. more happily
B
10. Nancy and Lucy are twins. In some way they look the same, but Nancy is _____ than Lucy.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest
B