2024届高三英语二轮复习基础语法之非谓语动词课件(共58张PPT)

(共58张PPT)
非谓语动词
Daisy
非谓语动词
概述：
1.谓语动词：在句中担任谓语的动词。
2.非谓语动词：在句子中不是谓语的动词，是动词的特殊形式。
非谓语动词
动词不定式（to do）
动名词(doing)
分词
现在分词(doing)
过去分词(done)
非谓语充当什么成分？
Smoking is bad for health.
His hobby is swimming.
I heard the girl singing in the classroom.
The man talking with my father is Mr.Wang.
He decided to try again.
To find well-paid jobs,students should demonstrate academic achievement.
Surrounded the children,he couldn’t concentrate on his work.
句法总结
判别非谓语作什么成分。
1.Being sensitive is sometimes harmful.
2.You’ll have to start adjusting to teaching and learning methods that may be unfamiliar to you.
3.I wish him to see me.
4.By minimizing the human involvement,the idea was to minimize the risk of flawed results.
5.Those remaining must prepare to overcome more challenges.
6.Faced with the increasing rate of juvenile delinquency,many people think that method is of necessity.
（作主语）
（作宾语）
（作宾补）
（作表语）
（作定语）
（作时间状语）
（一）.动名词的句法作用
作主语
作表语
作宾语
用it作形式主语
1.动名词用作主语和表语
（1）Reasoning with him is no good.
和他理论没有用。
（2）Spending time with other children and sharing non-virtual experiences is an important part of a child’s development.（剑6）
与其他孩子共度时光分享真实的经历是孩子成长的重要部分。
（3）Reconstructing the climate changes of the past is extremely difficult.(剑8)
再现过去气候的改变是极其困难的。
翻译小练
1.使用数据是一个复杂的过程。
Using data is a complex business.
2.发现天才只是第一步。
Identifying the genius is only the first step.
3.你的工作是尽可能地保持这个大厅干净。
You job is keeping the hall as clean as possible.
4.Maintaining a level of daily physical activity may help mental functioning.
维持一定水平的日常体力活动可能有助于在智力功能方面起作用。
5.Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain, animal or human.
对当前发生的事件作出情感评估，对动物和人类来说都是一件非常费脑力的事。
2.动名词作宾语
竞争对手分析
储备点睛：
常见接动名词作宾语的动词：
acknowledge，admit,appreciate,avoid,ban,complete,consider,continue,
delay,deny,enjoy,finish,keep,mind,overlook,permit,
postpone,practice,prevent,risk,resist,suggest
1.你应当避免触碰或者临摹岩石技术，因为它们太脆弱了。
2.我弟弟习惯于每晚睡八个小时。
My brother is accustomed to sleeping eight hours every night.
You should avoid touching or tracking rock art as it is so fragile.
常见to为介词的固定搭配：
accustom oneself to使习惯于 adhere to坚持
admit to 承认 adjust to调整，适应
be addicted to沉溺于，对…上瘾 apply oneself to致力于…专心从事于
be dedicated to 献身于 be converted to转换于
be faithful to忠于 be equal to 等于
be reduced to 降至….状态 be familiar to被…所熟知
be suited to适合于….. be used to doing …习惯于 subject to受制于
cling to坚持
confess to承认，坦白 due to 由于
object to反对 in addition to除了….还有
1.请看下面带有双谓语的句子，请改正。
a.The children lack self-control cannot focus on study.
b.The government invests in movie industry can enhance intercultural communication.
c.Having the same right is stems from becoming a global village.
d.Our government take measures solve urban traffic problems.
e.Have a lot of life experience,the senior can give the young people good advice.
f.Ensure the healthy growth of children,young parents should take a course in childcare.
(二)分词
80%
分词作定语/状语
1.分词作定语
（一）分词作定语的位置
单个分词 分词短语
现在分词(doing) 前置 后置
过去分词(done) 前置 后置
flying bird
rising sun
the changed village
fallen leaves
注意： 意义
现在分词（doing） 主动，进行
过去分词（done） 被动，完成
the bird flying in the sky
the sun rising in the east
the village changed in recent years
leaves fallen from the tree
2.分词短语作定语与定语从句关系
the bird flying in the sky
【经典例句】
1.An important project, led by the biological anthropologist Robert Williams,focused on the variants.(剑7)
生物人类学家Roberts Williams 领导了一个重要项目，集中研究了变异体。
2.The studies discussed so far exposed people to noise for only short periods.(剑7)
到目前为止的讨论研究都仅仅是短暂地将人置于噪音中。
the bird which is flying in the sky
the book written in English
the book which is written in English.
3.For those living near the equator in particular，its waxing and waning was more conspicuous.(剑8)
尤其对于那些住在赤道附近的人来说，它的盈亏更加显著。
One misconception,expressed by some 10% of the pupils,was that acid rain is responsible for rainforest destruction;a similar proportion said that pollution is destroying rainforest.(剑四)
大约10%的学生有一个错误的想法，那就是酸雨应当对热带雨林的破坏负责；相同比例的学生说污染正在破坏热带雨林。
长难句
The qualifications gained and the skills developed on this course will provide a good basis for gaining employment in office work.
学完这门课后拿到的证书和学到的技能会为你找到一份办公室的工作打下良好的基础。
3.分词作状语
（一）知识贮备：状语和状语从句
（二）关系：分词作状语与状语从句的关系
只要状语从句中的主句与从句的主语是一致的，常把状语从句转化为分词或分词短语作状语，代替状语从句。
经典例句
（1.）Because he thought that he must be late , he decided to take a taxi.
因为他认为他肯定会迟到，所以他决定打出租车。
=Thinking that he must be late, he decided to take a taxi.
.
Comparing /compared…..在雅思写作或者口语表达中都会到，一般是：
Comparing A with B, sb. ….
Compared with B, A….
V-ing…..，S+V….(非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是主动关系用现在分词)
V-ed…..，S+V….(非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是被动关系过去分词)
例句：与科学家的收入相比，运动员、娱乐明星的收入会更高。
实战演练
1.Viewed from this angle,humor is just a form of creative insight,a sudden leap to a new perspective.
如若从这个角度来看，幽默只是一种创造性的洞察力，一种向新观念的突破跳跃。
2.Public infrastructure did not keep pace with urban speed,causing massive congestion problems.(剑6)
公共基础设施没有跟上城市发展的速度，造成了大量的交通堵塞。
3.Forests produce oxygen through the transformation of solar energy,thus fulfiling what for humans is the essential role of an immense,non-polluting power plant.
深林通过对太阳能的转化产生氧气，因此对于人类而言森林就像一个巨大的无污染的发电站。
4.当人们意识到环境的污染威胁着人类健康时，他们开始有意识地保护环境。
Realising that environmental pollution threatens individual health,people become aware of the need to protect our environment.
5.受经融危机的影响，希腊政府无法负担庞大的养老金支出。
Influenced by financial crisis,Greek government cannot afford the huge spending on pension.
6.虽然日本政府面临着地震造成的毁灭性后果，他们仍然选择给军事拨款。
Despite facing the devastating consequences of an earthquake,the Japanese government still chooses to allocate a lot of money to the military.
(二)不定式
竞争对手分析
50%
不定式作主语/定语/状语
（三）动词不定式
（1）To reward factors other than performance will only reinforce those other factors.(剑6)
奖励除了业绩以外的因素只会加强其他因素。
（2）To build an expressway across the country reqires a lot of money.
修一条贯穿全国的高速路需要很多钱。
1.不定式作主语与表语
3）To understad the initial shock of those images is to understand the extraordinary power and magic of cinema.
了解这些图像带来的冲击就等于了解电影这种非凡的力量和魔力。
一种有效的方法是，提出一个很快让说话人参与进来的话题，激发出自然的语言表达。
（4）A useful technique is to introduce a topic that quickly involves the speaker,and stimulates a natural language style.
课堂练习
1.老师的任务是帮助学生去应用他们学到的东西。
The teacher's task is to assist the students to apply what they have learned .
2.The latest beliefs are that the main purposes of sleep are to enable the body to rest and replenish.
最近，人们相信睡眠的目的是使身体得到休息和能量的补充。
3.Many experts believe that the best way to counter this trend is to impose water charges based on the real cost of supplies.
很多专家认为对抗此趋势的最好方法就是按照供应的实际花费来定水价。
2.不定式作状语
经典例句
(1)In order to track temporal hours during the day, inventors created sundials.
为了测量时间，发明家们发明了日晷。
(2)To show this motion,she traced a curve inside the circle.
为了体现动感，她在一个圆圈中画了一条曲线。
备注：动词不定式表结果的形式：only to....“却“（意外的结果）/too +adj/adv+to”太.....而不能“/adj.+enough to” 足以“
(3)It also does not match the dining chairs as these are too low to be comfortable for a table of that height.
它与餐椅不配，因为对于那样高度的桌子来说这些椅子太矮了，坐起来会不舒服。
(1)一些朋友周末会来看我，但是我的房子太小没法让他们全部留宿。（too...to）
(2)他从战场逃跑了，却被本地人给杀了。
课堂练习
Some friends are coming to visit me for the weekend,but my house is too small to put them all up.
He escaped from the battlefield only to be killed by the natives.
(3)为了实现这种改进，员工自己参与决策以减少小团队的规模。
To bring about this improvement,the clerks themselves participated in the decision to reduce the size of the work group.
竞争对手分析
3.不定式作定语
经典例句
这是最糟糕的做决定的时间。
This is the worst time to make decisions.
这是我参与目标设定与决策的机会。
This is the opportunity to participate in goal-setting and decision-making.(剑6)
有大量可以来证明这种激励有作用的证据。
There is an abundance of evidence to support the motivational benefits.
(4)The only practicable ways to resolve this problem in the longer term are economic pricing in counjunction with conservation measures.
从长远来看解决这一问题最实际的方法就是经济的标价和节约措施。
课堂练习
1.预测火山爆发的努力；
efforts to predict volcanic eruption
保护欧洲森林的计划。
plans to protect the forests of European
2.我们还有很长的路要走。
We have got a long way to go.
3.没有证据支持这点。
There is no evidence to back this up.
4.一会儿我有好多事情要处理，所以我抽不出时间和你一起去钓鱼。
I have a lot of things to deal with later,so I cannot spare time to go fishing with you.
4.不定式作宾语
(1)当局想实施反污染法。
Authorities want to enforce anti-pollution laws.
(2)我们认为多花更多的钱在上面也没多大用。
We consider it of little use to spend more money on it.
常接不定式作宾语的动词：
agree，afford，attempt，bear，beg,choose,consent,decline,demand,desire,dislike,endeavor,expect,fail,tend,wish
六、非谓语动词的做题步骤
　　1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了
　　2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
　　3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
　　4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.
　　学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。
1. The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ (include) many children _____(seat) on their parents’ laps.
2. It’s said that the Olympic Games _____(hold) in London in 2012 will cover more events than any other Olympics did.
3. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _____(make) him a millionaire overnight.
4. _____ (consider) his age, the little boy read quite well.
5.Would you mind _______________(close) the window
6. On my way home I found a boy ____________(cry) in the corner.
7.He made me ____________(wait) for a long time.
8.Most of the people _____ (invite) to the party were famous scientists.
强调句
It is Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday.
You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday.
去掉it is 和 that
He bought a camera yesterday.
强调主语：
强调宾语：
强调时间： 　
It was he that/who bought a camera yesterday.
It was a camera that I bought yesterday.
It was yesterday that I bought a camera.
They could not cross the river since the water had risen.
　　
强调原因：
It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.
在强调结构It is/was ...that ...中，要用because来引导原因状语从句，不用since或as。
It is an English book that I bought yesterday.
It was the English book that I bought yesterday.
强调句
定语从句
It is such an interesting book that we all like it.
结果状语从句
从句对比区分
It was December 11, 200l ________ China became a member of WTO.
It was December 11, 200l on ________ China became a member of WTO.
It was on December 11, 200l ________ China became a member of WTO.
A. when B. that C. / D.which
对比练习
A
B
D
1. It was in the garden of his old house_______ he grew up _______he dug up a pot of gold.
A.that;that B.where;where C.where;that D.that;where
2．—Where did you meet him while in Beijing
—It was in the hotel_________ I stayed ．
A．that B．which C．when D．where
3.—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree
—Of course, I have. It was in our village______it was made.
A.that B.where C.when D.which
基础语法在阅读中的应用
Government has encouraged waste paper collecton and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre.
政府鼓励了废纸的回收和分类计划，同时造纸工业也通过开发新的回收技术作出了反应，这个回收技术为更大程度地利用已经使用过的纤维铺平了道路。
Unprecedented construction of tens of thousands of monumental engineering projects designed to control floods, protect clean water supplies, and provide water for irrigation and hydropower brought great benefits to hundreds of millions of people。
Unprecedented construction brought great benefits to hundreds of millions of people。
找出句子主干
It will never be known how and when this numeration ability developed, but it is certain that numeration was well developed by the time (that) humans had formed even permanent settlements.
Construction of facilities of the building of _______
stimulated international trade)
录音原文 ：In the sixteenth century, the first dock was dug where
ships were constructed, eventually making the East End
the focus of massive international trade.
The simultaneous production of masses of bamboo seeds in some cases lying 12 to 15 centimeters deep on the ground)is more than all the seed-eating animals(that) can cope with at the time, so that some seeds escape being eaten and grow up to form the next generation (Evans 1976).
题目：According to his biographer, James Boswell, Johnson ’s principal achievement was to bring ______________ to the English language.
原文：It is the cornerstone of Standard English, an achievement which, in James Boswell ’s words, “conferred stability on the language of his country ”.
stability
题目：The word “echolocation”was first used by someone working as a __________
原文： The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term “echolocation ” to cover both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or by human instruments.
zoologist