2024届高三英语二轮复习名词性从句讲义
文档属性
| 名称 | 2024届高三英语二轮复习名词性从句讲义 |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 29.6KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-03-27 17:30:18 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
一、主语从句
(一)that引导的主语从句
1．that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有意义，但一般不可省略。
That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.
众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
That the heavy haze is doing harm to our health is quite apparent.很明显，雾霾正在危害我们的健康。
2．that引导主语从句时，可用it作形式主语，把that引导的主语从句后置，that不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种：
①It＋be＋形容词(necessary, right, likely, unlikely, wrong, important, certain, clear, obvious, strange, normal等)＋that从句
It is unlikely that I should accept such an offer as that.我不可能接受像那样的帮助。
It is certain that he will pass the driving test.
他会通过驾驶考试，这是非常有把握的。
②It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity, a shame, good news, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder等)＋that从句
It's no wonder that he didn't want to go.
难怪他不想去。
It is a pity that you missed such a good chance.
你错过了这么好的机会，真可惜。
③It＋be＋过去分词(said, told, heard, reported, decided, suggested, advised, announced, remembered, thought, considered, well known, ordered等)＋that从句
It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday.已经确定了，会议推迟到下周一。
[名师指津] 在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/
requested/insisted/required…＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should)＋动词原形”。
To master English, it is suggested that you (should)practice with local people.
为了掌握英语，建议你和当地人一起练习。
④It＋特殊动词或短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference等)＋that从句
It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。
It seems that he is not satisfied with your behavior.
看来他对你的行为不太满意。
(二)whether与if引导的主语从句
whether与if引导主语从句时，在句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。
主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示“是否”，只能用whether。若用it作形式主语，则whether与if可互换。
Whether they will put off the meeting hasn't been decided.
他们是否推迟会议还没有决定下来。
It's uncertain whether/if he'll come this evening.
他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。
(2020 江苏卷)It is not a problem whether we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time.
我们能赢得这场战斗毋庸置疑，只是时间问题。
(三)连接代词、连接副词引导的主语从句
1．连接代词包括who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等。连接代词在从句中既起连接作用，又充当主语、宾语、表语或定语成分。
Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.
昨天是谁打破了玻璃杯还不清楚。
What Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
琼斯展现给她歌迷们的是诚实和快乐。
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
任何人违反了法律都要受到惩罚。
2．连接副词包括when, where, why, how。连接副词在从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点、原因、方式。
Why the boy quit school is what his teacher wants to know.那个男孩的老师想知道他为什么退学。
How life exists on the earth is one of the biggest puzzles to scientists.对科学家们来说，生命在地球上是如何存在的是最大的谜之一。
[即时训练1]——用合适的连词填空
(1)_what_______ I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one.
(2)__when______ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
(3)__what______ struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.
(4)It doesn't matter ___whether/if_________________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
二、宾语从句
(一)that引导的宾语从句
that引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有意义，口语中一般可以省略，但下列情况下不能省略：
1．当that从句作介词的宾语时。
I don't know exactly where he lives, except that it's somewhere out in the wilds.我不是很清楚他住在哪里，只知道是远离城市的荒野之中。
2．动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。
He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon.他告诉我他不得不离开并且很快就会回来。
3．it作形式宾语的宾语从句。
一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有find, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.他明确地表示会议不会被推迟。
(二)whether与if引导的宾语从句
whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。一般情况下if和whether可以互换，在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if：
1．宾语从句中有or not且直接跟在whether后时，只能用whether。
I don't know whether or not the report is true.
我不知道这则报道是否真实。
2．介词后的宾语从句要用whether。
It depends on whether we have enough time.
这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。
(三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时，既充当句子成分又有具体意义，且不可省略。
We promise whoever attends the party will have a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们保证，任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那位电影明星合影。
We don't know why the translator made that mistake.
我们不知道那名译员为何犯那个错误。
[名师指津] 在动词suggest, advise, recommend, insist, order, command, request, require等后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用“(should)＋动词原形”。
The manager demands that everyone (should) go to work on time every day.
经理要求每人每天要按时上班。
[即时训练2]——单句语法填空
(1)With an optimistic attitude and a strong will, we can overcome _whatever_______________ difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.
(2)When I went to the kitchen to get my breakfast, I was astonished at __what______ I saw.
(3)I'm not certain _whether/if__________ the train will arrive on time.
(4)I believe you have done your best and ___that__________ things will improve.
(5)I recommend (that) we ___(should) try__________________(try) our best to practice speaking English every day.
三、表语从句
(一)that/whether/because/why/as if (though)引导的表语从句
1．that/whether引导的表语从句。
在表语从句中，that不作任何成分，也无词义，但是不能省略；whether引导表语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但具有具体的含义，意为“是否”，且在表语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if。
The reason for your mistake is that you lack confidence in yourself.你犯错误的原因是你对自己缺乏信心。
What the doctors really doubt is whether his mother will recover from the serious disease soon.医生们怀疑的是他的母亲能否很快地从大病中康复过来。
2．as if/though引导的表语从句，常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面。
It looked as if it was going to rain.
看起来天好像要下雨了。
3．because, why引导的表语从句。
This/That is why…这/那是……的原因
This/That is because…这/那是因为……
That was why I asked for three days' leave.
那就是我请了三天假的原因。
(二)连接代词、连接副词引导的表语从句
1．连接代词有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever等。连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
I'd like to start my own business—that's what I'd do if I had the money.
我想自己创业——那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。
What I want to know is who is going to attend our party.
我想知道的是，谁将参加我们的聚会。
2．连接副词有：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等。连接副词在从句中作状语。
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
问题是他什么时候能到达旅馆。
[名师指津] 在表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词suggestion, advice, request, order等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词要用“(should)＋动词原形”。
My advice is that we (should) make a new plan at once.
我的建议是我们应该马上制订一个新计划。
[即时训练3]——补全句子
(1)The question is _whether we can finish the work in time __________.
问题是我们是否能及时完成这项工作。
My suggestion is __that we should discuss____ about this matter instead of setting it aside.我的建议是我们应当讨论一下这个问题，而不是把它放在一边。
(3)_the fact is that_____________ he didn't notice the car until too late.
事实是他注意到汽车时已经太晚了。
四、同位语从句
(一)同位语从句的概念
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个名词后面，用来说明前面名词的具体内容。常见的这类名词有：fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, promise, order, problem, belief, word, message, information, proof, announcement, desire, doubt, proposal, advice, possibility等。
The news that he was in trouble made me worried.
他陷入困境的消息让我担心。
All of us know the truth that the world is made of matter.
我们大家都知道世界是由物质构成的这个事实。
I made a promise that I would make great progress in my English.
我承诺我将在英语方面取得巨大进步。
(二)同位语从句的连接词
1．连接词that, whether
that引导同位语从句时仅仅起连接作用，不充当句子成分，也没有词义，但是不能省略。whether引导同位语从句时，意为“是否”，仅起连接作用，并不作成分，不可以用if替换。
The news that our team has won the match is true.
我们队获胜的消息是真实的。
There is some doubt whether John will come on time.
有人怀疑约翰是否会准时到来。
2．连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose
连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose引导同位语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，其意义分别为“谁”“什么”“哪一个”“谁”“谁的”。
The problem who should clean the room has been solved.
谁该打扫房间的问题已经解决了。
I have no idea what he is up to now.
我不知道他现在干什么。
With time going by, the doubt which of the team would win disappears.
随着时间的推移，哪支队伍会赢得这场比赛的疑问消失了。
The problem whom he would take the place of was discussed in the meeting over and over again.
在会议上反复讨论了他将代替谁这个问题。
The message whose responsibility it was is known to all.
大家都知道了那是谁的责任。
3．连接副词when, where, why和how
连接副词when, where, why, how引导同位语从句时，在从句中作时间、地点、原因和方式状语，其意义分别为“什么时间”“哪里”“为什么”“怎么样”。
They have no idea when I will go back.
他们不知道我什么时候回去。
I have a question where I can get an application form.
我有一个问题：我从哪里获得申请表。
[名师指津] 名词suggestion, advice, order, demand, command, request等后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”。
The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to make our country stronger is necessary.每个人都应努力来使我们的国家变得更强的建议是有必要的。
[即时训练4]——在下列句中填入恰当的连接词
(1)The manager put forward a suggestion _that_______ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
(2)There is no doubt ___that_________ it is of great help to their study and future life.
(3)The only way to succeed is to have a belief ___that_________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
(4)Last term, I couldn't accept the truth __that__________ I failed in my math examination.
(5)We haven't yet settled the question __where________ we are going to spend our summer vacation.
(一)that引导的主语从句
1．that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有意义，但一般不可省略。
That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.
众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
That the heavy haze is doing harm to our health is quite apparent.很明显，雾霾正在危害我们的健康。
2．that引导主语从句时，可用it作形式主语，把that引导的主语从句后置，that不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种：
①It＋be＋形容词(necessary, right, likely, unlikely, wrong, important, certain, clear, obvious, strange, normal等)＋that从句
It is unlikely that I should accept such an offer as that.我不可能接受像那样的帮助。
It is certain that he will pass the driving test.
他会通过驾驶考试，这是非常有把握的。
②It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity, a shame, good news, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder等)＋that从句
It's no wonder that he didn't want to go.
难怪他不想去。
It is a pity that you missed such a good chance.
你错过了这么好的机会，真可惜。
③It＋be＋过去分词(said, told, heard, reported, decided, suggested, advised, announced, remembered, thought, considered, well known, ordered等)＋that从句
It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday.已经确定了，会议推迟到下周一。
[名师指津] 在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/
requested/insisted/required…＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should)＋动词原形”。
To master English, it is suggested that you (should)practice with local people.
为了掌握英语，建议你和当地人一起练习。
④It＋特殊动词或短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference等)＋that从句
It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。
It seems that he is not satisfied with your behavior.
看来他对你的行为不太满意。
(二)whether与if引导的主语从句
whether与if引导主语从句时，在句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。
主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示“是否”，只能用whether。若用it作形式主语，则whether与if可互换。
Whether they will put off the meeting hasn't been decided.
他们是否推迟会议还没有决定下来。
It's uncertain whether/if he'll come this evening.
他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。
(2020 江苏卷)It is not a problem whether we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time.
我们能赢得这场战斗毋庸置疑，只是时间问题。
(三)连接代词、连接副词引导的主语从句
1．连接代词包括who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等。连接代词在从句中既起连接作用，又充当主语、宾语、表语或定语成分。
Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.
昨天是谁打破了玻璃杯还不清楚。
What Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
琼斯展现给她歌迷们的是诚实和快乐。
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
任何人违反了法律都要受到惩罚。
2．连接副词包括when, where, why, how。连接副词在从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点、原因、方式。
Why the boy quit school is what his teacher wants to know.那个男孩的老师想知道他为什么退学。
How life exists on the earth is one of the biggest puzzles to scientists.对科学家们来说，生命在地球上是如何存在的是最大的谜之一。
[即时训练1]——用合适的连词填空
(1)_what_______ I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one.
(2)__when______ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
(3)__what______ struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.
(4)It doesn't matter ___whether/if_________________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
二、宾语从句
(一)that引导的宾语从句
that引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有意义，口语中一般可以省略，但下列情况下不能省略：
1．当that从句作介词的宾语时。
I don't know exactly where he lives, except that it's somewhere out in the wilds.我不是很清楚他住在哪里，只知道是远离城市的荒野之中。
2．动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。
He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon.他告诉我他不得不离开并且很快就会回来。
3．it作形式宾语的宾语从句。
一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有find, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.他明确地表示会议不会被推迟。
(二)whether与if引导的宾语从句
whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。一般情况下if和whether可以互换，在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if：
1．宾语从句中有or not且直接跟在whether后时，只能用whether。
I don't know whether or not the report is true.
我不知道这则报道是否真实。
2．介词后的宾语从句要用whether。
It depends on whether we have enough time.
这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。
(三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时，既充当句子成分又有具体意义，且不可省略。
We promise whoever attends the party will have a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们保证，任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那位电影明星合影。
We don't know why the translator made that mistake.
我们不知道那名译员为何犯那个错误。
[名师指津] 在动词suggest, advise, recommend, insist, order, command, request, require等后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用“(should)＋动词原形”。
The manager demands that everyone (should) go to work on time every day.
经理要求每人每天要按时上班。
[即时训练2]——单句语法填空
(1)With an optimistic attitude and a strong will, we can overcome _whatever_______________ difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.
(2)When I went to the kitchen to get my breakfast, I was astonished at __what______ I saw.
(3)I'm not certain _whether/if__________ the train will arrive on time.
(4)I believe you have done your best and ___that__________ things will improve.
(5)I recommend (that) we ___(should) try__________________(try) our best to practice speaking English every day.
三、表语从句
(一)that/whether/because/why/as if (though)引导的表语从句
1．that/whether引导的表语从句。
在表语从句中，that不作任何成分，也无词义，但是不能省略；whether引导表语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但具有具体的含义，意为“是否”，且在表语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if。
The reason for your mistake is that you lack confidence in yourself.你犯错误的原因是你对自己缺乏信心。
What the doctors really doubt is whether his mother will recover from the serious disease soon.医生们怀疑的是他的母亲能否很快地从大病中康复过来。
2．as if/though引导的表语从句，常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面。
It looked as if it was going to rain.
看起来天好像要下雨了。
3．because, why引导的表语从句。
This/That is why…这/那是……的原因
This/That is because…这/那是因为……
That was why I asked for three days' leave.
那就是我请了三天假的原因。
(二)连接代词、连接副词引导的表语从句
1．连接代词有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever等。连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
I'd like to start my own business—that's what I'd do if I had the money.
我想自己创业——那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。
What I want to know is who is going to attend our party.
我想知道的是，谁将参加我们的聚会。
2．连接副词有：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等。连接副词在从句中作状语。
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
问题是他什么时候能到达旅馆。
[名师指津] 在表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词suggestion, advice, request, order等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词要用“(should)＋动词原形”。
My advice is that we (should) make a new plan at once.
我的建议是我们应该马上制订一个新计划。
[即时训练3]——补全句子
(1)The question is _whether we can finish the work in time __________.
问题是我们是否能及时完成这项工作。
My suggestion is __that we should discuss____ about this matter instead of setting it aside.我的建议是我们应当讨论一下这个问题，而不是把它放在一边。
(3)_the fact is that_____________ he didn't notice the car until too late.
事实是他注意到汽车时已经太晚了。
四、同位语从句
(一)同位语从句的概念
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个名词后面，用来说明前面名词的具体内容。常见的这类名词有：fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, promise, order, problem, belief, word, message, information, proof, announcement, desire, doubt, proposal, advice, possibility等。
The news that he was in trouble made me worried.
他陷入困境的消息让我担心。
All of us know the truth that the world is made of matter.
我们大家都知道世界是由物质构成的这个事实。
I made a promise that I would make great progress in my English.
我承诺我将在英语方面取得巨大进步。
(二)同位语从句的连接词
1．连接词that, whether
that引导同位语从句时仅仅起连接作用，不充当句子成分，也没有词义，但是不能省略。whether引导同位语从句时，意为“是否”，仅起连接作用，并不作成分，不可以用if替换。
The news that our team has won the match is true.
我们队获胜的消息是真实的。
There is some doubt whether John will come on time.
有人怀疑约翰是否会准时到来。
2．连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose
连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose引导同位语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，其意义分别为“谁”“什么”“哪一个”“谁”“谁的”。
The problem who should clean the room has been solved.
谁该打扫房间的问题已经解决了。
I have no idea what he is up to now.
我不知道他现在干什么。
With time going by, the doubt which of the team would win disappears.
随着时间的推移，哪支队伍会赢得这场比赛的疑问消失了。
The problem whom he would take the place of was discussed in the meeting over and over again.
在会议上反复讨论了他将代替谁这个问题。
The message whose responsibility it was is known to all.
大家都知道了那是谁的责任。
3．连接副词when, where, why和how
连接副词when, where, why, how引导同位语从句时，在从句中作时间、地点、原因和方式状语，其意义分别为“什么时间”“哪里”“为什么”“怎么样”。
They have no idea when I will go back.
他们不知道我什么时候回去。
I have a question where I can get an application form.
我有一个问题：我从哪里获得申请表。
[名师指津] 名词suggestion, advice, order, demand, command, request等后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”。
The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to make our country stronger is necessary.每个人都应努力来使我们的国家变得更强的建议是有必要的。
[即时训练4]——在下列句中填入恰当的连接词
(1)The manager put forward a suggestion _that_______ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
(2)There is no doubt ___that_________ it is of great help to their study and future life.
(3)The only way to succeed is to have a belief ___that_________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
(4)Last term, I couldn't accept the truth __that__________ I failed in my math examination.
(5)We haven't yet settled the question __where________ we are going to spend our summer vacation.