第12讲 八年级下Unit1-4【名师导航】2024中考英语教材梳理学案(人教新目标版)（含解析)

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第12讲 八年级下 Unit 1--4
重点单词 matter [ m t ] v. 重要，要紧，有关系 sore [s :(r)] adj. 疼痛的，酸痛的 stomach ['st m k] n. 胃，腹部 stomachache ['st m ke k] n. 胃痛，腹痛 throat [θr t] n. 喉咙 fever ['fi:v ] n. 发烧，发热 lie [la ] v. 躺，平躺 rest [rest] n. 剩余部分，其余；放松，休息 cough [k f] n. & v. 咳嗽 toothache [ tu:θe k] n. 牙痛 headache [ hede k] n. 头痛 break [bre k] n. & v. 休息，暂停；打破 hurt [h :t] v. 伤害，损害，使受伤，疼 passenger ['p s nd ] n. 乘客，旅客 trouble [ tr bl] n. 麻烦，烦扰，问题 hit [hit] n. & v. 碰撞，打，打击 herself [h : self]她自己，她本身 sick [s k] adj. 患病的，不适的 nosebleed [ n zbli:d] n. 鼻出血 breathe [bri: ] v. 呼吸 ourselves [ɑ: selvz]我们自己 risk [r sk] n. & v. 风险，危险；冒险 accident [ ksid nt] n. 意外事件；事故 situation [ sitju ei n] n. 状况，形式，情况 blood [bl d] n. 血 mean [mi:n] v. 意味着，意思是，意欲 importance [ m p :tns] n. 重要性 decision [d 's n] n. 决心，决定，抉择 control [k n'tr l] v. 控制，支配，操纵 spirit ['sp r t] n. 勇气，意志 death [deθ] n. 死亡 cheer [t i ] v. 欢呼 volunteer [ v l n ti ] n. & v. 志愿者；义务做 sign [sa n] n. 标记，符号，标牌 notice [ n t s] n. & v. 通知，公告；注意到 lonely ['l nl ] adj. 孤独的，寂寞的 several [ sevr l] prep. 几个，数个，一些 feeling [ fi:l ] n. 感觉，感触 satisfaction [ s t s'f k n] n. 满足，满意 joy [d ] n. 高兴，愉快 owner [ n (r)] n. 所有者，物主 journey ['d :n ] n. （尤指长途）旅行，行程 raise [re z] v. 抬起，举起，筹集，征集 alone [ l un] adv. 独自地，孤独地 repair [ri p ] v. 修理，修补 fix [fiks] v. 修理，安装 broken ['br k n] adj. 破损的，残缺的 wheel [wi:l] n. & v. 轮子，车轮；旋转 disabled [dis eib ld] adj. 有残疾的，丧失能力的 blind [bla nd] adj. 盲的，盲目的，失明的 deaf [def] adj. 聋的 imagine [ m d n] v. 想象，设想 difficulty ['d f k lt ] n. 困难 train [tre n] v. 训练，培养 training [ tre n ] n. 训练，培训 excited [ k sa t d] adj. 激动的，兴奋的 kindness [ ka ndn s] n. 仁慈，善良，亲切，善意 clever [ klev ] adj. 聪明的，机灵的 understand [ nd st nd] v. 懂，理解 change [t e nd ] n. & v. 改变 interest [' ntr st] n. & v. 感兴趣；兴趣 rubbish [ r b ] n. 垃圾，废物 fold [f ld] v. 对折，折叠 mess [mes] n. 混乱，脏乱，食堂 throw [θr ] v. 扔，投掷 neither [ ni: ] pron.adv. 二者都不；也不 pass [pɑ:s] v. 前行，经过，批准 borrow ['b r ] v. 借，借用 lend [lend] v. 借给，借出 hate [he t] v. 憎恶，讨厌 chore [t :(r)] n. 杂务，乏味的工作 while [wail] conj. 当...时候，而，然而 stress [stres] n. 精神压力，心理负担 waste [we st] v. 浪费，消耗 provide [pr 'vaid] v. 提供，供给，供应 anyway[ eniwei] adv.无论如何,不管怎样,而且 depend [di pend] v. 取决于，依靠，依赖 develop [d vel p] v. 发展，壮大，开发，研制 independent [ indi pend nt] adj. 独立自主的，不受约束的 independence [ nd 'pend ns] n. 独立 fair [f ] adj. 公平的，公正的 since [s ns] conj. 因为，既然 ill [il] adj. 生病的，有病的 drop [dr p] v. 落下，跌落 allow [ la ] v. 允许，准许 wrong [r ] adj. 错误的 guess [ɡes] v. 猜测，估计 deal [di:l] v. 处理，应付 relation [r le n] n. 关系，联系，交往 communicate [k mju:nikeit] v.沟通,通信,通讯 communication [k mju:n ke n] n. 交流，沟通 argue [ ɑ:ɡju:] v. 争论，争吵 elder ['eld (r)] adj. 年级较长的 instead [ n sted] adv. 代替 nervous [ n :v s] adj. 紧张不安的 offer ['a:f r] v. 提供，自愿给予 proper [ pr p ] adj. 合适的，适当的 explain [ k sple n] v. 讲解，解释，说明 clear [kl ] adj. 清晰的，清楚易懂的 copy [ k pi] v. 复制 return [r 't :n] v. 回来，返回，归还 anymore ['en m :] adv. 不再，再也不 member [ memb ] n. 成员，会员 pressure ['pre (r)] n. 压力 compete [k m'pi:t] v. 比赛，竞争 opinion [ p nj n] n. 意见，想法，看法 skill [sk l] n. 技能，技巧 typical [ t p kl] adj. 典型的 football [ f tb :l] n. 足球 continue [k n t nju:] v. 继续，连续 compare [k m'pe ] v. 比较 crazy [ kre z ] adj. 疯狂的，狂热的 development [di vel pm nt] n. 发育，成长，发展 cause [k :z] n. & v. 原因;造成，使发生 usual [ ju: u l] adj. 通常的，平常的 perhaps [p h ps] adv. 可能，大概，也许
词汇拓展 lie v.躺,平躺→lay vp.→lain vpp.→ lying现在分词 *lie down 躺下 rest n. 剩余部分,其余;放松,休息→ rest v. *have a rest=have rests休息 *the rest of ...剩余的 break n.&v.休息,暂停;打破→ broke vp.→broken vpp.→broken adj. *take breaks (take a break） 休息 *break out爆发突然发生 *break in打断强行进入破门而入 *break down分解出故障 *break up终止分手中止 *break off折断断绝中断突然停止 *break school rules破坏学校规则 hurt v. 伤害,损害,使受伤→hurt vp.→hurt vpp. hit n. & v.碰撞,打,打击→ hit vp,→ hit vpp. sick adj.患病的,不适的→ sickness n.疾病 breathe v.呼吸→breath n.呼吸→breathless adj. *take a deep breath 深呼吸 * out of breath上气不接下气 climber n.登山者→climb v. risk n. & v.风险,危险;冒险 *take a risk =take risks冒险 *risk doing 冒险做某事 mean v.意味着,意思是,意欲→ meaning n.含义；意义→meaningful adj.有意义的→ meaningless adj无意义的→ meaningfully有意义地 *mean to do 打算做 importance n.重要性→important adj. decision n. 决心,决定,抉择→decide v. *decide to do =make a decision to do control v.控制,支配,操纵→controlled vp. → controlled vpp.→controlling 现在分词 *be in control of 掌管，管理 *be out of control 失去控制 death n.死亡→dead adj.→die v.→died vp.→died vpp.→dying 现在分词 cheer v. 欢呼→cheerful adj. cheer up 变得更高兴，振奋起来 volunteer n. & v. 志愿者；义务做→ *volunteer to do 自愿做某事 lonely adj. 孤独的，寂寞的→ alone adv.独自地 *feel lonely 感到孤单的 *live alone 一个人居住 strong adj.强壮的，强烈的→strongly adv.强壮地；强烈地 *rain heavily倾盆大雨 feeling n.感觉，感触→ feel v. *a strong feeling of 一种强烈的...感 satisfaction .满足，满意→satisfy v.→ satisfied adj.→ satisfying adj. joy n. 高兴，愉快→enjoy v.→ enjoyable adj. owner n. 所有者，物主→ own v.拥有→ own adj.自己的 fix v. 修理，安装 *fix up 修理，修补 disabled adj.有残疾的,丧失能力的→disability n. imagine v. 想象，设想→imagination n. *imagine doing sth 想象做某事 difficulty n.困难→difficult adj. *have difficulty doing 做某事有困难 train v. 训练，培养→training n.→trainer n.教练 excited adj. 激动的，兴奋的→exciting adj.令人兴奋的→excitement n.兴奋→excite v.使...兴奋 kindness n. 仁慈,善良,亲切,善意→kind adj. understand v.理解→understanding adj.善解人意的 change n. & v. 改变→ changeable adj. interest n. & v. 感兴趣；兴趣→ interested adj.→ interesting adj. *be interested in mess n. 混乱，脏乱，食堂→ messy adj. *be in a mess throw v. 扔，投掷→threw vp.→ thrown vpp. borrow v. 借，借用 *borrow ...from... lend v. 借给，借出→lent vp.→lent vpp. *lend ...to... chore n. 杂务，乏味的工作 *do chores 做家务 stress n.精神压力,心理负担→stressed adj. waste v. 浪费，消耗→waste n. *a waste of provide v. 提供，供给，供应 *provide sb with sth *provide sth for sb depend v. 取决于,依靠,依赖 *depend on 依靠于 *It (all) depends. /That depends.“那要看情况” develop v. 发展，壮大，开发，研制→developed adj.发达的→developing adj.发展中的→development n.发展 independent adj. 独立自主的，不受约束的→independence n.发展；独立 fair adj. 公平的，公正的→unfair n.不公平的→fairness n.公平 ill adj. 生病的，有病的 →illness n. drop v. 落下，跌落→dropped v.→dropped vpp.→drop n.水滴 allow v. 允许，准许 *allow sb to do deal v.处理,应付→ dealt vp.→dealt vpp →n.deal大量；交易 *deal with处理 *a big deal重要的事 relation n. 关系,联系,交往→relate v.与...相关→relative adj./n.相关的；亲戚 communicate v. 沟通,通信,通讯 →communication n.交流,沟通→communicative adj. 交际的；爱说话的，健谈的； argue v.争论,争吵→argument n.争吵→arguer n.辩论者 *argue with sb about sth instead adv. 代替 *instead of代替 nervous adj. 紧张不安的→nervousness n. proper adj. 合适的,适当的→properly adv. secondly adv. 第二,其次→second num. explain v. 讲解,解释,说明→explanation n. *explain sth to sb clear adj. 清晰的,清楚易懂的→clearly adv.→clear v. pressure n. 压力→press v. compete v. 比赛，竞争→competition n.竞争→competitive adj.竞争激烈的 →competitor v.竞争者 *compete with/against 与...竞争 skill n. 技能，技巧→skillful adj. continue v. 继续，连续 *continue to do/doing继续做某事 compare v. 比较 *compare…with 比较，对比 usual adj. 通常的，平常的→unusual adj.不同寻常的→usually adv. *as usual 像往常一样
重点短语 1.have a fever 发烧 2.have a cough 咳嗽 3.have a toothache 牙疼 4.talk too much 说得太多 5.drink enough water 喝足够的水 6.have a cold 受凉;感冒 7.have a stomachache 胃疼 8.have a sore back 背疼 9.have a sore throat 喉咙痛 10. take risks 冒险 11.hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 12.see a dentist 看牙医 13.get an X-ray 拍X 光片 14.take one’ s temperature 量体温 15.put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药 16. give up 放弃 17. sound like 听起来像 18. in a difficult situation 在闲境中 19. in the same way 以同样的方式 20. go to a doctor 看医生 21. go along 沿着……走 22. on the side of the road 在马路边 23. shout for help 大声呼救 24. without thinking twice 没有多 25. get off 下车 26. have a heart problem 有心脏病 27. to one’ s surprise 另某人惊讶的是 28. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于 29. in time 及时 30. make a decision 做出决定 31. get into trouble 造成麻烦 32. right away 立刻；马上 33. because of 由于 34. get out of 离开;从……出来 35. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事 36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 37. fall down 摔倒 38. feel sick 感到恶心 39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰 42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难 43. mountain climbing 登山运 44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 45. run out (of) 用完;用尽 46. so that 以便 47. so...that... 如此……以至于...… 48. be in control of 掌管;管理 40. make a difference 影响;有作用 50. be able to 能够 51.Clean-Up Day 清洁日 52. an old people’s home 养老院 53. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难 54. used to 过去常常...... 55. care for 关心;照顾 56. the look of joy 快乐的表情 57. at the age of 在......岁时 58.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净 59. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋 60. give out 分发;散发 61. come up with 想出；提出 62. make a plan 制订计划 63. make some notices 做些公告牌 64. try out 试用;试行 65. put up 建造;举起;张贴 66. set up 建立;设立 67. hand out 分发;散发;发给 68. call up 打电话;召集 69. put off 推迟;延迟 70. for example 比如；例如 71. raise money 筹钱;募捐 72. take after 与......相像;像 73. give away 赠送;捐赠 74. fix up 修理;修补;解决 75. be similar to 与……相似 53.go out for dinner 出去吃饭 54.stay out late 在外面待到很晚 55.go to the movies 去看电影 56.get a ride 搭车 57.finish doing sth. 完成做某事 58.do the dishes 洗餐具 59.take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 60.fold your/the clothes 叠衣服 61.sweep the floor 扫地 62.make your/the bed 整理床铺 63.do one's part in (doing ) sth. 做某人分内的事 64.look after/take care of 照顾；照看 65.develop children's independence发展孩子的独立性 66.get good grades取得好成绩 69.in order to为了 70.take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步 71.all the time 一直;总是 73.do housework 做家务 74.shout back 大声回应 75.walk away 走开 76.share the housework 分担家务 77.depend on依赖;依靠 78.in surprise 惊讶地 79.get something to drink 拿点喝的东西 80.mind doing sth. 介意做某事 81.hang out 闲逛 82.pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人 83.lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 84.get sth. wet 使某物弄湿 85. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事 86.do chores 做杂务 87.help sb. (to ) d o /with sth 帮助某人干某事 88.invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会 89.make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 90.enough stress足够的压力 91.a waste of time浪费时间 92.allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 93.hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛 94. get into a fight with sb.与某人吵架/打架 95. until midnight直到半夜 96. talk to sb. 与某人交谈 97. too many太多 98. study too much学得过多 99. get enough sleep有足够的睡眠 100. write sb. a letter给某人写信 101. call sb. up打电话给某人 102. look through翻看 103. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 104. a big deal重要的事 105. work out成功地发展;解决 106. get on with与...相处 107. fight a lot经常吵架/打架 108. hang over笼罩 109. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 110. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 111. so that以便 112. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事 113. all the time一直 114. in future今后 115. make sb. angry使某人生气 116. worry about sth. 担心某事 117. be oneself做自己 118. family members家庭成员 119. spend time alone独自消磨时光 120. give sb. pressure给某人施压 121. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架 122. compete with sb. 与某人竞争 36. free time activities业余活动 37. get better grades取得更好的成绩 38. give one’ s opinion提出某人的观点 39. learn exam skills学习应试技巧 40. practice sports体育训练 41. cause stress造成压力 42. cut out删除
重点句型 1. What's the matter with you = What's the trouble with you = What's wrong with you 2. What should she do 3.Should I take my temperature 4.You should lie down and rest. 5. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book 6. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. 7. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital. 8. The boy could give out food at the food bank. 9. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. 10. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. 11. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 12.You can see in their eyes that they're going on a different journey with each new book. 13. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. 14. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money. 15. You helped to make it possible for me to have Luck. 16.Could you please clean your room 17. I have to do some work. 18. Could I use your computer 19. She won't be happy if she sees this mess. 20. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 21. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV . 22. I hate to do chores. 23. I studied until midnight last night so I didn't get enough sleep. 24. Why don't you forget about it 25. Although she's wrong , it,s not a big deal. 26. He should talk to his friend so that he can say he's sorry. 27. Maybe you could go to his house. 28. I guess I could, but I don't want to surprise him.
知识点
◆考点1 1What’s the matter？
What’s the matter 和What’s wrong 是用来询问对方出了什么毛病或问题，意为“怎么了？”，是医生询问病人病情时的常用语。例如：
— What’s the matter 你怎么了？—I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。
【拓展】
What’s the matter 和What’s wrong 后可接with sb. / sth.，即What’s the matter with sb./ sth. 或What’s wrong with sb./sth. 意为“某人/某物怎么了？”例如： What’s the matter with you = What’s wrong with you 你怎么了？
注意：matter是名词，其前只能加定冠词the；wrong是形容词，前面不需要加任何冠词。能说What’s your wrong 和What’s your matter
◆考点2 —What should she do？
—She should take her temperature.
should作情态动词，意为“应当，应该”。表示义务、责任，可用于各种人称，无人称和数的变化，也不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态；否定形式为should not，缩写为shouldn’t。其主要用法有：
(1) 表示责任和义务，意为“应该”。例如：
You should take your teacher’s advice. 你应该听从你老师的建议。
You shouldn’t be late for class. 你不应该上课迟到。
(2) 表示推断，意为“可能，该”。例如：
The train should have already left. 火车可能已经离开了。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023江苏连云港】4. Earthquakes can be very dangerous. We ________ learn to protect ourselves.
A. might B. should C. could D. would
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：地震可能非常危险。我们应该学会保护自己。might可能；should应该；could能；would将。根据“We...learn to protect ourselves.”可知此处是表示建议，我们应该学会保护自己，故选B。
2.【2023湖北省武汉】12. —Excuse me, but we ________ wait in line to get on the subway.
—I’m sorry.
A. might B. would C. could D. should
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——对不起，我们应该排队上地铁。——我很抱歉。might可以；would将；could可以；should应该。根据“but we …wait in line to get on the subway”可知，应该排队上地铁，故选D。
◆考点3 But to his surprise，they all agreed to go with him.
（1） surprise作动词时，意为“使……惊奇，使……感到意外、吃惊”。例如：
What surprised you 什么事使你感到意外？
（2） surprise作不可数名词时，表示“惊奇，惊异”。例如：
Her face showed surprise at the news.听到这个消息，她的脸上露出了惊奇的表情。
（3）surprise作可数名词时，表示“惊奇、惊讶、意外的事或吃惊的事”。例如：
He gave me a surprise by arriving early.他的早到使我大感意外。
（4）作名词用时常可构成如下短语：
to one’s surprise意为“使某人吃惊的是……”；
in surprise意为“吃惊地 ”。例如：
（5）形容词surprised修饰人，表示感到惊喜的；感到惊讶的；surprising形容词修饰物，表示令人惊喜的；令人惊讶的
◆精题巧练
1.【2023甘肃武威、白银市】10. I opened the door and all my friends shouted “Happy Birthday!” I had no idea they were coming. I was so ________.
A. interested B. surprised C. interesting D. surprising
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：我打开门，所有的朋友都喊道：“生日快乐！”我不知道他们要来。我很惊讶。
interested感兴趣的；surprised感到惊讶的；interesting令人有趣的；surprising令人惊讶的。根据“I had no idea they were coming”可知不知道他们要来，所以很惊讶，修饰人，应用surprised，故选B。
(2020江苏宿迁)53．To our s________,the two-year-old boy can find his way home alone.
【答案】surprise
【解析】句意：令我们惊讶的是，这个两岁的男孩竟然能独自找到回家的路。根据“the two-year-old boy can find his way home alone”和首字母提示可知，此处表示“令人惊讶”的含义，构成to one’s surprise短语。故填surprise。
◆考点4 He was not ready to die that day.
（1）ready 作形容词，意为“准备好的”。例如：
Is everything ready 一切都准备好了吗？
Are you ready 你准备好了吗？
（2）be/get ready to + 动词原形，意为“准备做……”。例如：
I’m getting ready to travel. 我正准备去旅行。
【拓展】
be ready for意为“准备去……”，后接名词或动名词，同义短语为get ready for。例如：
I’m ready for bed. 我正准备睡觉。
The chicken will soon be ready for the pot.这些鸡肉很快就可以准备下锅了。
◆考点5 Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks.
mind作及物动词，意为“介意、照料、留神、注意”。常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中，后面接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或从句。例如：
Would you mind opening the window 你介意打开窗户吗？
Don’t mind me.不要管我。
【拓展】mind还可作名词，意为“智力、头脑、想法、意见”。例如：
He has quick mind. 他头脑敏锐。
Tom changed his mind at last. 最后Tom改变了主意。
◆精题巧练
1.(2022 铜仁)—Mr. Chen, my kid is sleeping. Would you mind____your radio
—Sorry.I'll do it at once.
turning down B. turn down C. turning up D. turn up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意“陈先生，我的孩子正在睡觉。你介意把你的收音机 吗？”“抱歉。我马上做。”turn down调低（音量）拒绝;turn up调高（音量）,出现。分析语境可知此处表示“调低音量”排除C、D项。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，为固定结构。故选A。
◆考点6 They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
used to do sth.是一个固定结构，意思是“过去经常做某事”，后面用动词原形，表示过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作，并意味着这种动作目前已经不存在。
肯定句: I used to play with my friends after school.
否定句：You didn’t use to like pop songs.=You usedn’t to like pop songs.
一般疑问句：Did your sister use to be quiet = Used your sister to be quiet
There be句式：There used to be a lot of fishes in this river.
【拓展】
(1) be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”，是动词短语use …to do的被动语态结构。例如：
Knives are used to cut things.小刀是用来切东西的。
(2) be used to doing something意思是“习惯于做某事”，to后接动词-ing形式。例如：
My father is used to living in the village. 我爸爸习惯于住在小山村。
◆精题巧练
(2020四川广元)Gina used to live in the countryside with her parents, but now she is used to ______with her classmates at school.
live B．living C．lived
【答案】B
【解析】句意：吉娜过去常和父母住在乡村，但是现在她习惯于和同学住在学校。
考查非谓语动词。live动词原形；living动名词/现在分词；lived动词的过去式/过去分词形式。句子用固定结构be used to doing表示“习惯于做某事”，此处用living做宾语。故选B。
2. (2020湖南益阳)8．Diana used to ______ to work, but now she is used to ______ because the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit.
A．drive; walk B．drive; walking C．driving; walk
【答案】B
【解析】句意：戴安娜过去常常开车去上班，但现在她习惯步行，因为道路很拥挤，且她想保持健康。
考查非谓语动词。drive开车，驾驶；walk步行。根据第一空前“used to”可知此处用used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”，第一空用动词原形drive；根据第二空前“is used to”可知此处用be used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”，第二空用动名词walking。故选B。
◆考点7 I take after my mother.
take after意为“像……；与……相像”，指由于血缘关系而（在外貌、性格等方面）相似；相当于be similar to，其中after是介词，其后常接名词或代词。例如：
Your daughter doesn’t take after you at all. 你女儿长得一点都不像你。
【拓展】
(1) look like意为“看上去像……”，多指外貌。例如：
You look like my brother. 你和我弟弟长得像。
(2) be like意为“像……”，可指外貌，也可指性格。例如：
What is your sister like 你妹妹的性格怎么样？
◆考点8 I’ve run out of it.
(1) run out of意为“用完，用尽”，相当于use up。例如：
We have run out of paper.我们的纸用完了。
(2) run out“用完了”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为表示“时间、食物、金钱等”词；而run out of意为“用完了”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人。例如：
You’d better go home before your money runs out. 你最好别等钱花光再回家。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023江苏宿迁】12. The energy from the sun and the wind costs little and will never ________.
A. turn out B. put out C. cut out D. run out
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：来自太阳和风能的能源成本很低，而且永远不会耗尽。turn out结果是；put out扑灭；cut out切断；run out用完，耗尽。根据“The energy from the sun and the wind”可知，此处指风能和太阳能永远不会耗尽。故选D。
◆考点9 Lucky makes a big difference to my life.
make a difference to 意为“（对……）产生影响”。difference前面可加修饰词，如big, great等；to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词。例如：
Education can make a big difference to the quality of a person’s life. 教育对一个人的生活质量有很大影响。
The accident has made a great difference to his life. 这次事故对他的人生产生了重大影响。
One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬以千里。
【拓展】make no difference to意为“对……没有影响”。例如：
It makes no difference to me. 这对我没什么影响。
◆精题巧练
1.(2020湖北宜昌)12．—The teenagers clean up the city park every Saturday.
—Sometimes small things can make a _______.
promise B．conversation C．difference D．discussion
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——青少年们每个星期六打扫城市公园。——有时候，一些小事情就能带来改变。
考查名词辨析。promise承诺；conversation对话；difference不同；discussion讨论。根据题干中“Sometimes small things can make a _____.”可推出此处是说小事情能带来改变，结合选项可知要用make a difference表示“有影响”。其他选项都不能使语句通顺。故选C。
◆考点10 I was excited about the idea of having a dog.
be excited about意为“对……感到兴奋、激动”。例如：
I was excited about going to the zoo. 去动物园令我兴奋。
【拓展】
be excited to do sth. 意为“对做某事感到兴奋”。例如：
Jack was excited to travel there by plane. 杰克对于乘飞机去那里旅行感到很兴奋。
◆精题巧练
1.（2023辽宁抚顺）I feel ________ to grow vegetables on the school farm tomorrow. I can’t wait.
A. excited B. surprised C. worried D. afraid
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：明天要在学校农场种菜了，我感到很兴奋。我都等不及了。
excited兴奋的；surprised惊讶的；worried担心的；afraid害怕的。根据“I can’t wait.”可知，此处指很兴奋，故选A。
◆考点11 They should …in order to get good grades and get into a good university.
（1）本句中的in order to是一个固定搭配的短语，意思是“为了”，后接动词原形构成不定式结构在句子中作目的状语，否定形式是在to前面加not。in order to可以和so as to 互换，但后者不能放在句首。例如：
In order not to be late, you should go now.为了不迟到，你现在应该走。
（2）in order to+动词原形和so as to+动词原形可以转换成in order that+从句和so that+从句。例如：
He did anything in order to make money.= He did anything in order that he could make money.
◆考点12 For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. “neither +be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”表示“……也不”，指后者与前者具有相同的情况，但是表示的是否定意义的相同。相当于一个主谓倒装的否定句。neither 此处意为“也不”，是副词。例如：
Mary doesn’t like singing. Neither do I.
玛丽不喜欢唱歌，我也不喜欢。（我和Mary 有相同的情况，前句是否定句，下文用neither开头，主谓倒装）
如果上文是肯定句，下文表示与上文有相同情况时，用“so+ be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”。例如：
Mary likes singing. So do I.
玛丽喜欢唱歌。我也喜欢。（我和Mary有相同情况，前句是肯定句，下文用so开头，主谓倒装）
【拓展】
当表示对上文所讲内容的赞同时，可以用“so + 主语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词”或者“neither + 主语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词”来表示。前者用于肯定句，后者用于否定句。例如：
Mary plays the piano well. So she does.
玛丽钢琴弹得很好。她确实弹得好。(表示对上文所讲内容的赞同，前句是肯定句，下文用so开头，主谓不倒装)
Mary doesn’t play the piano well. Neither she does.
玛丽钢琴弹的不好。她确实弹得不好。（表示对上文内容的赞同，前句是否定句，下文用neither开头，主谓不倒装）
◆精题巧练
1.【2023辽宁省营口市】5. It’s a pity that ________ my father ________ my mother has time to attend my school-leavers’ party.
A. either, or B. neither, nor C. both, and D. not only, but also
【答案】B
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：很遗憾，我的父亲和母亲都没有时间参加我的毕业晚会。either...or要么……要么；neither...nor既不……也不；both...and……和……都；not only...but also不但……而且。根据“It’s a pity that...my father...my mother has time to attend my school-leavers’ party”可知，那是一个遗憾，应是父母都来不了“我”的毕业晚会。故选B。
◆考点13 And she won’t be happy if she sees this mess.
（1）本句中if后面的部分是这个句子中的条件状语从句。在以when，after，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及以if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表将来。例如：
I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back.当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。
If it doesn’t rain, he will come here on time.如果不下雨，他会按时来这儿的。
常见的“主将从现”有以下三种情况：
1）条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时。例如：
When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。
2）如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。 例如：
Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。
3）如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时。例如：
You should be quiet when you are in the reading room. 在阅览室时应保持安静。
◆精题巧练
1.（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）________ you treat others with your heart, you will get friendship in return.
If B．Until C．Unless
【答案】A
【详解】句意：如果你用心对待别人，你会得到友谊作为回报。考查连词辨析。If如果；Until直到；Unless除非。此处前句是后句的肯定条件，“用心对待别人”就会“得到友谊”，需用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。
◆考点14 I do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.
本句中的make作使役动词，意为“使……；让……”讲时，常构成make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”，类似的动词还有let，have等。例如：
The boss made them work for long time. 老板让他们长时间工作。
They made us forget past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。
Their boss often let them work long hours every day. 他们老板经常让他们每天工作很长时间
【拓展】
make作使役动词，还可以构成：make + 宾语(sb./sth.) + 形容词/名词（作宾补），即make sb. / sth. + adj./n.。例如：
What he said makes us happy. 他所说的话使我们很高兴。
We made John our monitor. 我们选约翰当班长。
◆考点15 1. Why don’t you talk to your parents？
“Why don’t you + 动词原形 + 其他？”相当于“Why not + 动词原形 + 其他？”意为“为什么不……？”并不表示疑问，而是作建议、询问。例如：
Why don’t you go with us = Why not go with us 为什么不同我们一起去呢？
Why don’t you go swimming = Why not go swimming 为什么不去游泳呢？
【拓展】
why not用在口语中表示赞同，意为“当然，好啊”。例如：
◆考点16 I’m really tired because I studied until midnight last night.
until意为“直到……”，有下列用法：
（1）作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。例如：
She waited there until 9 o’clock. 她一直等到9点钟。
（2）作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。例如：
We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。
【拓展】
（1）until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如stand/wait/stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。例如：
I will wait here until you come back.我会在这里等到你回来。
（2）until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如open/start/leave/arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如：
The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back.直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。
◆精题巧练
1.(2020山东青岛)In Chinese families, people won't start dinner ________ the elders take their seats.
A．after B．when C．because D．until
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在中国家庭里，人们直到老人们坐下才开始吃饭。
考查连词。after在……之后；when在……时候；because因为；until直到。根据“won't start dinner”可知句子使用“not…until…”的结构，此处表示“直到老人们坐下才开始吃饭”，用until。故选D。
2..(2020云南)—Excuse me. Where is the nearest hotel
—Just go down this road ________ you see a library. It’s across from it.
A．until B．because C．however D．though
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——很抱歉打扰，最近的酒店在哪？——只需要从这条路往下走直到你看到一个图书馆。酒店在它对面。考查连词。until直到；because因为；however然而；though尽管。此处是时间状语，表示“直到”用连词until引导时间状语从句。故选A。
◆考点17 Although she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal.
although作连词，相当于though，意为“尽管，虽然”，用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but; and; so等连用，但可以和yet; still等词连用。例如：
Although he lives alone, he doesn’t feel lonely. = He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.
There is air all around us, although we cannot see it.
【拓展】
although与though的辨析：
（1）用作连词，表示“虽然”，二者可以互换使用，但although比though更为正式。例如：
Though/Although it was raining, we still went there. 虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那里。
（2）although一般不用作副词，而though可用作副词，且一般放在句末（不放在句首），意为“可是，不过”。例如：It’s hard work; I enjoy it, though. 工作很辛苦，可是我很喜欢。
（3）在as though（好像，仿佛），even though（即使，纵然）等固定短语中不能用although。例如：
He talks as though he knew everything. 他夸夸其谈，好像无所不知。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023福建省】10. ________ David has failed many times, he is always full of hope for the future.
A. If B. When C. Though
【答案】C
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：尽管大卫失败了很多次，但他总是对未来充满希望。If如果；When当……时候；Though尽管。根据“David has failed many times, he is always full of hope for the future.”可知前后句之间是转折让步关系，需用连词Though连接。故选C。
2.【2023湖北孝感市】8. —How time flies! We’ll graduate from middle school this weekend!
—________ we have to say goodbye, I will remember our friendship forever.
A. Because B. Although C. Unless D. Until
【答案】B
【解析】考查从属连词辨析。句意：——时光飞逝！我们这个周末将从中学毕业！——虽然我们不得不说再见，但我将永远记住我们的友谊。Because因为；Although尽管；Unless除非；Until直到。根据“we have to say goodbye, I will remember our friendship forever.”可知，尽管我们不得不说再见，但我将永远记住我们的友谊，应用although来引导让步状语从句。故选B。
◆考点18 I hope things will be better for you soon.
hope作动词，意为“希望”，用于表示有可能实现的愿望，其后可接不定式或宾语从句，但表达“希望别人做某事”时则需用hope that从句。例如：
I hope to watch the football match again.我希望再看一次那场足球赛。
I hope you can pass the exam.我希望你能通过考试。
【拓展】
hope与wish的辨析：
（1）表示“想；希望”，两者宾语可为to do，不能用doing。例如：
I hope/wish to visitGuilin. 我希望去桂林观光。
（2）wish后可以跟复合宾语，即wish sb. to do sth.，而hope不能。例如：
I wish you to go. (正) 我希望你去。
（3）两者都可接that从句，但是“hope + that从句”表示希望，“wish + that从句”表示愿望，且从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。例如：
I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你很快好起来。
（4）wish后可接双宾语。hope没有这种用法。例如：
We wish you a happy New Year! 我们祝你新年快乐！
语法点
◆ 反身代词☆
概念
表示“我（们）自己” “你（们）自己” “他（们）/她（们）/它（们）自己”的代词称为反身代词。
第一人称 第二人称
单数 myself
复数 ourselves
第一人称 第二人称
单数 myself
句法功能
作同位语
反身代词可以作主语或宾语的同位语，起强调作用。此时反身代词要重读，位置也比较灵活，可放在主语、宾语之后，也可位于句尾。例如：
I'm afraid I can't help you, and you'll have to do it yourself.我恐怕帮不了你，你得自己做。（作you的同位语）
2.作动词宾语
此种用法的反身代词一般不重读，不起强调作用。可以接反身代词作宾语的常见动词有buy（买）、cut（切）、dress（穿）、dry（擦干）、enjoy（享受）、help（帮助）、hide（隐藏）、hurt（伤）、introduce（介绍）、make（使）、teach（教）、wash（洗）等。如：
Bob taught himself how to make a home page.鲍勃自学了如何做主页。
3.作介词宾语（多见于一些习惯用语中）
She cooked the whole meal by herself.她一个人做了全部饭菜。
常用短语
for oneself 亲自
by oneself独自 be oneself（人）处于正常状态，身心自在 say to oneself心里想
teach oneself自学 enjoy oneself过得愉快 dress oneself自己穿衣服
of oneself自动地 in oneself本身 seat oneself坐下
cannot help oneself情不自禁 help oneself to随便吃/用 come to oneself恢复知觉
talk/speak to oneself自言自语
◆精题巧练
1.【2023湖南省郴州】3. —My best friend is more popular than me. I want to be like him.
—It’s not necessary to be the same. You should just be ________.
A. himself B. yourself C. myself
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：——我最好的朋友比我更受欢迎。我想像他一样。——没有必要是一样的。你应该做你自己。himself他自己；yourself你自己；myself我自己。根据“You should just be...”可知，主语是you，所以此处的反身代词应用yourself，故选B。
2.【2023河北省】2. —Where did you get the toy car
—From Betty. She made it ________.
A. myself B. himself C. herself D. yourself
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：——你从哪里弄来的玩具车？——从Betty那。她自己做的。myself我自己；himself他自己；herself她自己；yourself你自己。根据“She made it...”可知是她自己做的，用反身代词herself。故选C。
3.【2023黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市】3. Teachers often say that teenagers should learn to look after ________.
A. ourselves B. yourselves C. themselves
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：老师经常说，青少年应该学会照顾自己。ourselves我们自己；yourselves你自己，你们自己；themselves他们自己。根据“teenagers”可知青少年应该照顾他们自己，应用反身代词themselves表示“他们自己”。故选C。
4.【2023四川省遂宁】2. — I saw your grandma using Douyin on the phone. Who taught her
— Nobody. She taught ________.
A. himself B. myself C. herself D. yourself
【答案】C
【解析】考查反身代词。句意：——我看到你奶奶用抖音打电话。谁教她的？——没有人。她自学的。himself他自己；myself我自己；herself她自己；yourself你自己。根据She可知，反身代词应该与主语在人称上保持一致，所以此空应填herself，故选C。
5.【2023江苏无锡】3. Think about it and ask ________: have you really done everything right
A. you B. yourself C. me D. myself
【答案】B
【解析】考查反身代词。句意：想一想，然后问自己：你真的把每件事都做对了吗？you你；yourself你自己；me我；myself我自己。根据“Think about it and ask”可知是指问自己，应用反身代词，结合“have you”可知应用yourself，故选B。
6.【2023辽宁沈阳】4. Don’t ride your bike too fast, or you may hurt ________.
A. myself B. yourself C. himself D. itself
【答案】B
【解析】考查反身代词。句意：不要骑自行车太快，否则你会受伤的。myself我自己；yourself你自己；himself他自己；itself它自己。根据“you may hurt”可知主语是you，用反身代词yourself。故选B。
7.【2020 黑龙江绥化】Nobody teaches Mary English. She teaches __________.
A. her B. herself C. she
【答案】B
【解析】句意：没有人教玛丽英语。她自己自学。考查代词。her她，宾格；herself她自己，反身代词；she她，主格。动词teaches后面用反身代词herself表示“教自己，自学”。故选B。
8.【2020 东营市】— Take care while walking along the wet hill path （小径）. You may fall and hurt ________.
— OK. Thanks for reminding me.
A. it B. you C. yourself D. yourselves
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——在潮湿的山径上行走时要小心。你可能会摔伤自己。——好的。谢谢你提醒我。
考查代词辨析。it它，人称代词；you你/你们，人称代词；yourself你自己，反身代词；yourselves你们自己，反身代词。根据上文“You may fall and hurt _____”可知，你或你们可能会摔伤自己，故此处应用反身代词。再结合下文“Thanks for reminding me”可知，此处只有“我”一个人，故上文应是“你可能会摔伤自己”，应用反身代词yourself。故选C。
◆ 动词短语☆☆☆☆☆
动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式：
(1) 动词+介词
这类动词短语主要有：agree with, ask for, arrive at, hear of, look at, take after, listen to等。
这类动词后的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。
I’m looking for my pen. Don’t laugh at the poor man.
(2)动词+副词
这类动词短语有：find out, give out, look up, put on, turn on/off, wake up, work out等。
这类动词后面的宾语是名词时，名词可放在副词前面或后面；宾语是代词时，代词只能放在
副词前面。
Please pick up the pen.= Please pick the pen up.
It took him two hours to work it out.
(3) 动词+名词+介词
这类动词短语有：have a look at, make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to等。
在这类动词短语中，宾语都放在介词之后。
You should pay more attention to your pronunciation.
(4) 动词+形容词+介词
这类动词短语有：be angry with, be busy with, be good for, be different from, be interested in,be good at等。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023四川自贡市】6. —Ms. White, I am sad that I didn’t pass the test.
—Keep trying. Success ________ hard work.
A. depends on B. gives away C. leads to
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——怀特老师，我很难过我没有通过考试。——继续努力。成功取决于努力工作。depend on取决于；give away赠送；lead to导致。根据“Success...hard work.”可知，成功取决于努力工作。故选A。
2.【2023安徽省】7. Our team ________ what to do about the project and successfully completed it on time.
A. gave up B. worked out C. turned down D. took away
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们的团队制定出了这个项目的方案，并成功地按时完成了。gave up放弃；worked out解决；turned down拒绝；took away带走。根据“Our team…what to do about the project and successfully completed it on time”可知，解决了这个方案，并按时完成，故选B。
3.【2023四川泸州市】9. —I’m worried about leaving my friends and going to a new school.
—Take it easy. I’m sure you’ll ________ your classmates if you are friendly to them.
A. get along with B. catch up with C. get together with D. come up with
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：——我担心离开我的朋友去一所新学校。——别紧张。我敢肯定，如果你对同学友好，你会与你的同学们相处融洽的。get along with与……相处融洽；catch up with追赶上； get together with与……聚会；come up with想出。根据“if you are friendly to them”可知，此处是指与同学之间的相处，结合常识，如果你对同学友好，同学也会和你友好相处，故选A。
4.【2023湖南岳阳】6. The teacher tells students to ________ new words in a dictionary.
A. look after B. look up C. look for
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：老师叫学生们查字典。look after照顾；look up查阅；look for寻找。根据“new words in a dictionary.”可知是用字典查阅新单词，故选B。
5.【2023山东滨州】9. —Do you know the astronaut Wang Yaping
—Sure. She is a great woman who can ________ her dreams. I really look up to her.
A. pay for B. stick to C. lay out D. set out
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：——你认识宇航员王亚平吗？——当然。她是一个伟大的女人，能够坚持自己的梦想。我真的很尊敬她。pay for支付；stick to坚持；lay out展示；set out出发。根据“her dreams”可知是坚持自己的梦想。故选B。
6.【2023天津】11. Lisa is a popular monitor. She ________ her classmates and teachers.
A. takes part in B. gets on well with
C. gets into trouble with D. keeps clear of
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：丽莎是一位受欢迎的班长。她与同学和老师相处得很好。takes part in参加；gets on well with相处得很好；gets into trouble with惹上麻烦；keeps clear of避开，不接触。根据“Lisa is a popular monitor.”可知是和同学老师相处得很好。故选B。
7.【2023甘肃武威、白银市】9. I ________ at 6 a. m. so I can leave for school at 7 a. m..
A. get up B. put up C. take after D. get on
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我早上6点起床，所以我可以早上7点去上学。get up起床；put up张贴；take after长得像；get on上车。根据“at 6 a. m.”可知是早上六点起床。故选A。
8.【2023云南省】5. It’s a good habit to ________ the lights when you leave a room.
A. turn down B. turn up C. turn off D. turn on
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：离开房间时关灯是个好习惯。turn down把声音调小；turn up把声音调大；turn off关闭；turn on打开。根据“It’s a good habit to... the lights when you leave a room.”可知离开房间时关灯是好习惯。故选C。
◆ 状语从句☆☆
一、until的用法
until意为“直到”，引导时间状语从句。
1．在含有until引导的时间状语从句中，如果句子(主句)的谓语动词是延续性动词，如：work，live，stay，study，play，wait等，主句常常用肯定式，表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。这时until可译作“直到……为止”。如：I'll work until he tells me to stop.我会一直工作到他叫我停下来为止。
2．在含有until引导的时间状语从句中，如果句子(主句)的谓语动词是非持续性动词，如：come，go，leave，begin，start，finish等，主句常常要用否定式，表示某一动作到until所表示的时间才发生。not…until…意为“直到……才……”。如：
She didn't go to bed until she finished her homework.她直到做完作业，才去睡觉。
3．until用作连词引导时间状语从句时，从句表示的动作如果还没有发生，习惯上要用一般现在时而不用一般将来时。如：
We won't go home until the rain stops.我们要直到雨停了才回家。
二、so that的用法
so that意为“以便”，引导目的状语从句。如：
We started early so that we could catch the early bus.
我们很早就出发了，以便能赶上早班车。
三、although的用法
although意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，一般位于句首。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词 but，and，so 等连用，但可以与 yet，still等词连用。如：
Although it was expensive，we still decided to buy it.虽然它很贵，我们还是决定买。
though也可以用于引导让步状语从句，此时其意义和用法与although相同。如：
Though we only stayed there for a few days，we had a good time.
虽然我们只在那里待了几天，但我们玩得很愉快。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023山东滨州】8. —I think I am the shyest in my class. What should I do
—Be more active in class ________ you can improve your ability to express yourself.
A. or B. so that C. unless D. although
【答案】B
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：——我认为我是班上最害羞的。我该怎么办？——在课堂上更加活跃，这样你就能提高表达自己的能力。or或者；so that目的是；unless除非；although虽然。分析句子可知，“Be more active in class”的目的是“you can improve your ability to express yourself.”，用so that引导目的状语从句。故选B。
2.【2023黑龙江省龙东地区】11. — What do you think of the new movie Wandering Earth Ⅱ
— It’s ________ wonderful ________ I really like it.
A. too；to B. so；that C. such；that
【答案】B
【解析】考查so that引导结果状语从句。句意：——你觉得新电影《流浪地球2》怎么样？——它太精彩了，我真的很喜欢。too…to太……以致于不能……；so…that如此……以致于……；such…that如此……以致于……。根据“wonderful”和“I really like it”可知，此处应用so+形容词+that引导结果状语从句。故选B。
3.【2023四川乐山】4. Many people all over the world want to climb Qomolongma each year, ________ it is very dangerous.
A. if B. while C. though
【答案】C
【解析】考查从属连词辨析。句意：每年，世界各地的许多人都想攀登珠穆朗玛峰，尽管这很危险。if如果；while当……时；though尽管。根据“it is very dangerous”可知，尽管很危险，每年有许多来自世界各地的人想攀登珠穆朗玛峰，应用though来引导让步状语从句。故选C。
4.【2023新疆生产建设兵团】9. ________ the times keep changing, young people in China have shown the same promise.
A. But B. Unless C. Although D. As soon as
【答案】C
【解析】考查从属连词辨析。句意：尽管时代在不断变化，但中国的年轻人表现出了同样的希望。But但是；Unless除非；Although虽然；As soon as一……就。根据“...he times keep changing, young people in China have shown the same promise.”可知，前后构成让步关系，用Although引导让步状语从句。故选C。
5.【2023江苏无锡】10. I will try my best to help you, ________ I don’t know what to start with yet.
A. whether B. since C. though D. until
【答案】C
【解析】考查从属连词辨析。句意：我将尽力帮助你，虽然我还不知道从何做起。whether是否；since自从；though虽然；until直到。根据“I will try my best to help you, ...I don’t know what to start with yet.”可知，前后构成让步关系，用though引导让步状语从句。故选C。
6.【2023辽宁沈阳】6. “Post-2000s” (00 后) have begun to amaze the world ________ they are very young.
A. though B. if C. unless D. before
【答案】A
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：“00后”已经开始让世界惊叹，尽管他们还很年轻。
though尽管；if如果；unless除非；before在……之前。分析句子可知，尽管00后很年轻，但是他们已经让世界惊叹，故用though引导让步状语从句。故选A。
7.【2023江苏徐州】11. Let’s take the simple steps today ________ we will save the world for our grandsons and granddaughters tomorrow.
A. unless B. until C. so that D. though
【答案】C
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：我们从今天开始采取一些措施吧，这样我们将会为我们的后代子孙拯救世界。unless除非；until直到；so that以便；though尽管。分析句子可知，我们现在采取行动的目的是为了我们的后代，故用so that引导目的状语从句。故选C。
◆ 情态动词☆☆
一．情态动词should的用法
1．含义：应该
2．否定式：should not(常缩略为shouldn't)，表示“不应当；不该”
3．用法：
(1)建议或劝告某人“应该”做某事
You should drink some hot tea with honey.你应该喝些加蜂蜜的热茶。
(2)有责任或义务“应该”做某事
You should help your mother with the housework.你应该帮你的母亲做家务。
(3)推测某事或某情况“应该”会发生
She should arrive home right now.她现在应该到家了。
二．could表示请求和允许
1）提出礼貌的请求
1．句型：Could you…？/ Could you please…？意为“请你……行吗”或“麻烦你……好吗”。如：
Could you please take out the rubbish？请你倒一下垃圾好吗？
Could you open the window？你开一下窗户行吗？
对于这种请求的肯定与否定回答的常用语：
(1)肯定回答：Certainly./Of course./With pleasure./No problem./Yes，sure.等。
(2)否定回答：No，I can't./No，I'm afraid I can't.等。
2）表示请求允许
1．句型：Could I…？意为“让我……好吗”或“我可以……吗”。如：
Could I go out for dinner with my friends？我可以和朋友们出去吃饭吗？
Could we get something to drink after the movie？看完电影我们可以喝点东西吗？
2．用Could I…？表示请求对方准许时，对方回答不能用could，而要用can。如：
—Could I use your bicycle？我可以用你的自行车吗？
—Yes，of course you can.是的，当然可以。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023辽宁抚顺】5. The lovely boy ________ ride the bike at the age of six.
A. must B. could C. need D. should
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：那个可爱的男孩在6岁时就会骑自行车了。must必须；could可以；need需要；should应该。根据“at the age of six”可知该句应用情态动词could表示“过去的能力”。故选B。
2.（2023·广州·语法选择）He __ __ eat big meals and did not go hungry any more.
A. could B. might C. should D. must
【答案】A
【解析】句意：他能够吃掉大餐，再也没有挨饿了。could能够；might可能；should应该；must必须。根据“...eat big meals and did not go hungry any more.”可知是能吃掉大餐。故选A。
3.（2023·武汉）—Excuse me, but we ________ wait in line to get on the subway.
—I’m sorry.
A. might B. would C. could D. should
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——对不起，我们应该排队上地铁。——我很抱歉。
考查情态动词辨析。might可以；would将；could可以；should应该。根据“but we …wait in line to get on the subway”可知，应该排队上地铁，故选D。
4.【2023·湖北黄石】Young Chinese people ________ keep the motherland at heart, aim high, and have their feet firmly on the ground.
A. should B. can C. may D. need
【答案】A
【解析】句意：中国青年要胸怀祖国，志存高远，脚踏实地。
考查情态动词。should应该；can能够；may可以；need需要。根据“Young Chinese people ....keep the motherland at heart...”可知，此处是建议中国青年应该做什么，故选A。
5.（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）—I don’t care what Kate thinks.
—Well, you _______. Her suggestions are of some value.
A．would B．should C．might D．could
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——我不管凯特怎么想。——嗯，你应该（听听凯特的建议）。她的建议有些价值。
考查情态动词。would将要；should应该；might可能；could能够。根据“Her suggestions are of some value.”可知此处是指建议对方应该听听凯特的建议，should符合语境，故选B。
6.（2022·江苏常州·中考真题）To achieve our dream, we ________ rest on what we have done.
A．may not B．should not C．need not D．could not
【答案】B
【解析】句意：为了实现我们的梦想，我们不应该依靠我们已经做了的。考查动词辨析。may not也许不；should not不应该；need not不需要；could not不能。根据“To achieve our dream, we...rest on what we have done.”可知，此处表示建议，不应该依靠我们已经做了的，故选B。
7.（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Do you like poems
—Yes. I ________ read poems when I was 5.
A．must B．can C．could
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你喜欢诗歌吗？——是的。我五岁的时候就可以读诗了。考查情态动词。must必须；can能；could能够。根据“ I...read poems when I was 5.”可知是指五岁时就有读诗的能力，且用过去式，故选C。