第13讲 八年级下Unit5-7【名师导航】2024中考英语教材梳理学案(人教新目标版)（含解析)

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第13讲 八年级下 Unit 5--7
重点单词 rainstorm [ re nst :m] n. 暴风雨 alarm [ lɑ:m] n. 闹钟 begin [b g n] v. 开始 heavily [ hev li] adv. 在很大程度上，大量地 suddenly [ s d nli] adv. 突然地 strange [stre nd ] adj. 奇怪的，陌生的，奇特的 light [la t] n. & v. 电灯;点燃 report [ri p :t] v. 报导，报 area ['e r ] n. 范围，地域，地区 wood [w d] n. 树木，木材，树木 flashlight ['fl la t] n. 手电筒，火炬 match [m t ] n. 火柴，比赛 beat [bi:t] v. 敲打，打败 against [ genst] prep. 反对，对…不利 asleep [ sli:p] adj. 睡着的，熟睡的 rise [ra z] v. 上升，升起 fallen [ f :l n] adj. 倒下的，落下的 apart [ pɑ:t] adv. 分离，分开 kid [k d] n. & v. (口语)小孩;开玩笑，欺骗 realize [ ri: la z] v. 认识到，了解 completely [k m pli:tli] adv. 彻底地，完全地 shocked [ kt] adj. 震惊的，震撼的 silence [ sa l ns] n. 寂静，沉默 recently [ ri:sntli] adv. 不久前，近来，最近 terrorist [ ter r st] n. 恐怖分子 date [de t] n. 日期，日子 truth [tru:θ] n. 真相，真理，事实 shoot [ u:t] v. 投篮，射击，发射 weak [wi:k] adj. 虚弱的，柔弱的 remind [r ma nd] v. 提醒，使想起 bit [b t] n. 一点，小块 silly [ s l ] adj. & n. 愚昧的;傻子，蠢货 object [ bd kt] n. 物体，目标，物品 hide [ha d] v. 躲藏，隐藏 magic [ m d k] n. 魔法，巫术 stick [st k] n. & v. 棍，棒;刺，戳，插 excite [ k'sa t] v. 使激动，使兴奋 fit [f t] v. 适合，合身 couple ['k pl] n. (尤指)夫妻，两人 marry [ m ri] v. 与某人结婚 gold [ɡ ld] n. 黄金，金币 emperor [ emp r ] n. 皇帝 silk [s lk] n. 丝绸 nobody [ n b di]pron.无人,没有任何人,谁也不 stupid ['stju:p d] adj.&n.愚蠢的,傻的;傻子 cheat [t i:t] v. 欺骗，愚弄 wife [wa f] n. 妻子 husband [ h zb nd] n. 丈夫 whole [h ul] adj. 全部的，整体的 scene [si:n] n. 舞台，(戏剧)场景 shine [ a n] v. 照耀，发光 bright [bra t] adj.&adv.明亮的,发亮的;明亮地 ground [gra nd] n. 地面 lead [li:d] n.& v. 领导，主角;带路 voice [v is] n. 嗓音 brave [breiv] adj. 勇敢的 square/skwe /,/skwer/ n. 平方; 正方形 meter/ mi t (r)/ (=metre)n. 米; 公尺 deep/di:p/ adj. 深的; 纵深的 desert/'dez (r)t/ n. 沙漠 population/'p pj 'le n/,/ pɑ pju le n/ n. 人口; 人口数量 Asia /'e /,/'e / n. 亚洲 tour/t /,/t r/ n. 旅行; 旅游 tourist/'t r st/,/'t r st/ n. 旅行者; 观光者 amazing/ 'me z / adj. 令人大为惊奇的; 令人惊喜（或惊叹）的 ancient/'e n nt/ adj. 古代的; 古老的 protect/pr 'tekt/ v. 保护; 防护 wide/wa d/ adj. 宽的; 宽阔的 achievement/ 't i:vm nt/ n. 成就; 成绩 southwestern / sa θ w st (r)n/ adj. 西南的; 西南方向的 thick/θ k/ adj. 厚的; 浓的 include/ n'klu:d/ v. 包括; 包含 freezing/'fri:z / adj. 极冷的; 冰冻的 condition/k n'd n/ n. 条件; 状况 succeed/s k'si:d/ v. 实现目标; 成功 challenge / t l nd / v. & n. 挑战; 考验 achieve / 't i:v/ v. 达到; 完成; 成功 force/f :(r)s/ n. 力; 力量 nature/'ne t (r)/ n. 自然界; 大自然 weigh /we / v 重量是......; 称......的重量 birth/b :(r)θ/ n. 出生; 诞生 adult/' d lt/,/ d lt/ adj. 成年的; 成人的 n. 成人; 成年动物 endangered / n de nd (r)d/ adj. 濒危的 research / ri s (r)t / n. & v. 研究; 调查 keeper/'ki:p (r)/ n. 饲养员; 保管人 awake / 'we k/ adj. 醒着 excitement / k'sa tm nt/ n. 激动; 兴奋 illness /' ln s/ n. 疾病; 病 remaining /r me n / adj. 遗留的; 剩余的 wild/wa ld/ adj. 野生的 government /'g v (r)nm nt/ n. 政府; 内阁 whale /we l/ n. 鲸 oil/ l/ n. 油; 食用油; 石油 protection /pr 'tek n/ n. 保护; 保卫 huge /hju:d / adj. 巨大的; 极多的
词汇拓展 1.begin v.开始→began vp.→begun vpp.→beginning 现在分词/名词 *begin to do=begin doing *at the beginning of 2.heavily adv. 在很大程度上，大量地→heavy adj. 3.suddenly adv. 突然地→sudden adj. 4.strange adj.奇怪的,陌生的→stranger陌生人 5.storm n. 暴风雨→stormy adj. 6.wind n. 风→windy adj.→wind v.蜿蜒 7.light n. & v. 电灯;点燃→lighted/lit vp.→lighted/lit vpp.→light adj.淡的；轻的 8.report v. 报导，报告→reporter n.记者 9.wood n. 树木，木材，树木→wooden adj.木制的 10.match n. 火柴，比赛→match v.搭配 11.beat [bi:t] v. 敲打，打败→beat vp.→beat vpp. 12.asleep adj. 睡着的，熟睡的→sleep v./n.睡觉；睡眠→sleepy adj.困的 *fall asleep 进入梦乡，睡着 *feel sleepy 感到困的 13.rise v. 上升，升起→rose vp.→risen vpp. 14.fallen adj. 倒下的，落下的→fall v. *fallen leaves落叶 pletely adv.彻底地，完全地→complete adj.完全的；彻底的→complete v.完成 16.shocked adj. 震惊的，震撼的→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shock n./v.震惊； 17.silence n. 寂静，沉默→silent adj.沉默的；安静的→silently adv.沉默地；安静地 *in silence 沉默，无声 *keep silent保持安静 recently adv. 不久前，近来，最近→recent adj. truth n. 真相,真理,事实→true adj.真实的；真正的→truly adv.真正地 remind v. 提醒，使想起 *remind sb. to do 提醒某人做某事 *remind sb of sth 提醒某人某手 hide v. 躲藏，隐藏→hid vp.→hidden vpp. magic n. 魔法，巫术→magical adj.魔法的→magician n.魔术师 stick n. & v. 棍，棒;刺，戳，插 *stick to doing 坚持做某事 excite v. 使激动,使兴奋→excited adj.感到兴奋的→exciting adj.令人兴奋的→excitement n.兴奋 Western adj. 西方的，欧美的→west n./adj.西面；西面的 marry v. 与某人结婚→married adj.结婚的 *get married 结婚 gold n. 黄金,金币→golden adj.金制的,黄金的 wife n. 妻子→wives pl. lead n.& v. 领导，主角;带路→led vp.→led vpp.→leader n.领导人带领到某地 *lead to deep 深的；纵深的→deeply adv. Asia亚洲→Asian n.亚洲人adj.亚洲的；亚洲人的 tour 旅行；旅游→tourist 旅行者；观光者→tourism 旅游业 amazing 令人大为惊奇的；令人惊喜（或惊叹）的→amazed adj.感到惊奇的,感到惊喜的→amaze v.使惊奇，使惊愕→amazement n.惊奇 protect 保护；防护→protection n.保护→protected adj.收到保护的 *protect ...from保护某人/某物免受……伤害 wide宽的；宽阔的→widely adv. thick 厚的；浓的→thickness n.厚度 include 包括；包含 →including prep.包含 freezing 极冷的；冰冻的→frozen adj.结冰的，冷冻的→freeze v.结冰；冻住 condition 条件；状况 *in this condition 在这种情况下 succeed 实现目标；成功→success n.→successful adj.→successfully *succeed in doing 成功做某事 challenge 挑战；考验→challenging adj,富有挑战性的 achieve 达到；完成；成功→achievement n. *achieve one’s dream实现某人的梦想 force 力；力量→force v.强迫 *force sb to do 强迫某人做某事 nature自然界；大自然→natural adj.大自然的 weigh 重量是……；称……的重量→weight n.体重 keeper饲养员；保管人→keep v. awake 醒着→wake v. excitement激动;兴奋→excite v.使兴奋→ excited adj.感到兴奋的→exciting adj.令人兴奋的 illness 疾病；病→ill adj.生病的 remaining 遗留的；剩余的→remain v.剩余
重点短语 1.make sure 确信;确认 2.beat against... 拍打…… 3. fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着 4. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 5. wake up 醒来 6. in a mess 一团糟 7. break...apart 使……分离 8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候 9. at the time of 当.......时候 10. go off (闹钟)发出响声 11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡 12. miss the bus 错过公交车 13. pick up 接电话 14. bring... together 使……靠拢 15. in the area 在这个地区 16. miss the event 错过这个事件 17. by the side of the road 在路边 18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线 19. walk by 走路经过 20. make one’s way to.... 在某人去……的路上 21. hear the news 听到这个消息 22.important events in history 历史上的重大事件 23.for example 例如 24.be killed 被杀害 25. over 50 50多(岁） 26. a school pupil 一个小学生 27. on the radio 通过广播 28.in silence 沉默;无声 29.more recently 最近地;新近 30.the World Trade Center 世贸中心 31.take down 拆除;摧毁 32.have meaning to 对……有意义 33.remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 34. work on doing sth. 致力于做某事 35. as soon as ... 一……就….... 36. once upon a time 从前 37. continue to do sth. 继续做某事 38. make sth. happen 使某事发生 39.try to do sth. 努力做某事 40. the journey to sp. ......之旅 41. tell the/a story 讲故事 42. put on 穿 43. a little bit 有点儿 44. keep doing sth. 坚持做某事 45. give up 放弃 46. instead of 代替;反而 47. turn...into... 使......变成...... 48. get married 结婚 49. the main character 主要人物；主人公 50. at other times 在另外一些时候 51. be able to 能;会 52. come out (书、电影等)出版 53. become interested in... 对……感兴趣 54. walk to the other side 走到另一边去 55. a fairy tale 一个神话故事 56. the rest of the story 故事的其余部分 57. leave sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 58. make a plan to do sth. 筹划/计划做某事 59. go to sleep 去睡觉 60. lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地 61. get lost 迷路 62. change one’s plan 改变计划 63. tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事 64. in the moonlight 在月光下 65. find one’ s way home 找到某人回家的路 66. the next day 第二天 67. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地 68. so...that... 如此.......以致于....... 69. as big as 与……一样大 70. one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一 71. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事 72. as far as I know 据我所知 73. man-made objects 人造物体 74. part of... ...... 的组成部分 75. any other mountain 其它任何一座山 76. of all the salt lakes 在所有的咸水湖中 77. run along 跨越…… 78. freezing weather 冰冻的天气 79. take in air 呼吸空气 80. the first people to do sth. 第一个做某事的人 81. in the face of difficulties 面临危险 82. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 83. achieve one’ s dream 实现某人的梦想 84. the forces of nature 自然界的力量 85. reach the top 到达顶峰 86. even though 虽然;尽管 87. at birth 在出生的时候 88. run over with excitement 兴奋地跑过去 89. walk into sb. 撞到某人 90. fall over 摔倒 91. take care of 照顾;照料 92. every two years 每两年 93. cut down the forests 砍伐林木 94. endangered animals 濒危动物 95. fewer and fewer pandas 大熊猫越来越少 96. be in danger 处于危险之中 97. the importance of saving these animals 拯救这些动物的重要性
重点句型 1. — What were you doing at eight last night — I was taking a shower. 2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner. 3. — What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping — While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 4.So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong 5. It doesn't seem very possible to move a mountain. 6.This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects. 7.Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear. 8.Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side. 9.Don't eat it until you get to the forest. 10.It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. 11.One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 12.The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 13. How high is Qomolangma 14. Although Japan is older than Canada，it is much smaller.6.Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo.
知识点
◆考点1 But luckily, the driver was fine.
luckily作副词，意为“幸运地；幸亏”，做状语。例如：
Luckily，she found my book.幸运的是，她找到了我的书。
Luckily, we caught the last train.很幸运，我们搭上了末班火车。
【拓展】
（1）lucky作形容词，意为“幸运的；有好运的”。例如：
Some people seem to be always lucky.有些人似乎总是很幸运。
（2）luck作不可数名词，意为“好运；幸运；运气”。例如：
I hope it will bring you luck.我希望它会给你带来好运。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023辽宁抚顺】1. I wish you to have good ________ and get good grades.
chalk B. space C. luck D. music
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我祝你好运，取得好成绩。考查名词辨析。chalk粉笔；space空间；luck运气；music音乐。根据“wish”和“get good grades”可知此处表示祝愿取得好成绩，因此应用C。
◆考点2 The roads were icy…
icy作形容词，意为“结冰的；冰冷的；冷淡的”。例如：
It’s not easy to walk on the icy roads.在结冰的路面上行走不容易。
Because of the icy street, they can’t drive the car.因为街上结满了冰，他们不能开车。
【拓展】
ice作不可数名词，意为“冰”。例如：The ice is thick enough to skate on.这冰够厚的，可以在上面滑冰。
◆考点3 But when I pointed it out to my friend…
point out意为“指出”，是“动词+副词”结构，人称代词作宾语时应放在动词之后、副词之前。例如：
There is a mistake in this sentence. Can you point it out 这个句子有一处错误，你能把它指出来吗？
He pointed out the woman from these photos.他从这些照片中指出了那个女子。
【拓展】
（1）point作不及物动词，意为“指；指向”，常与介词at，to，towards等连用，表示“指向某位置或方向”。例如：
She pointed at me, laughing.她指着我笑。
（2）point作可数名词，意为“点；要点”。例如：
Let’s discuss the difficult points in the passage.让我们讨论一下文中的难点。
◆精题巧练
1.(2022 天津)He thanked me for____ the mistakes in his homework.
A. going out B. pointing out
C. turning on D. putting on
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他感谢我____他家庭作业中的错误。going out出去；
pointing out 指出；turning on打开；putting on增加。根据“the mistakes”可知此处指的是指出错误。故选B。
◆考点4 Why did you call so many times
so many 意为“那么多”，修饰复数名词，例如：
He has so many friends.他有那么多的朋友。
There are so many people in the exhibition.展览会上有那么多人。
◆考点5 As soon as the man finish talking, Yu Gong said that his family…
as soon as意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。例如：
Please call back as soon as you arrive home.请你一到家，就给我回电。
I’ll write to you as soon as I get there. 我一到那儿就给你写信。
【拓展】as soon as 引导的时间状语从句前后时态搭配：
(1) 主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。例如：
He will come to my home as soon as he gets to Beijing. 他一到北京就来我家。
(2) 主句为一般过去时，从句也用一般过去时。例如：
He took out his English book as soon as he sat down. 他一坐下，就拿出他的英语书。
◆精题巧练
1.（2023·北京朝阳·统考二模）I ________ you an email as soon as I receive the photos.
send B．sent C．will send D．have sent
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我一收到照片就会给你发邮件。
考查时态。as soon as引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，主句用一般将来时，will do结构。故选C。
◆考点6 Finally, a god was so moved by Yu Gong that he sent two gods to take the mountains away.
so…that…引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”，此句型中，so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词。常用句型为：主语+谓语+ so+ adj./adv. + that从句。例如：
Our teacher is so kind that all of us like him.我们的老师是如此好心以至于我们都喜欢他。
He runs so fast that nobody in my class can catch up with him.他跑得那么快，我们班没有人能追上他。
【拓展】“如此……以至于……”归纳：
(1) so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句 = such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词+ that从句。例如：
It was so fine a day yesterday that we all went out for a picnic. = It was such a fine day yesterday that we all went out for a picnic. 昨天天气很好，我们都出去野餐了。
(2) such + 形容词 + 复数名词/不可数名词 + that从句。 例如：
They are such good students that the teacher likes them. 他们都是很好的学生，老师喜欢他们。
(3)当that前的名词有表示数量多少的many, much, few, little等修饰时，只能用so，不能用such。 例如：
There was so much noise outside that we couldn’t hear the teacher.外面嘈杂声很大，以致我们不能听到老师的话。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023四川省遂宁】6. The city Zibo is ________ popular ________ many people want to go there for a trip this year.
A. so, that B. such, that C. too, to D. very, that
【答案】A
【解析】考查从属连词。句意：淄博一个如此受欢迎的城市以至于今年许多人想去那里旅行。
so...that如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句，so后面用形容词或副词；such...that如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句，such后面用名词；too...to...太……而不能……， to后面用动词原形：very...that形式错误，没有这种用法。根据形容词“popular”和从句“many people want to go there for a trip this year”可知此句需用so+形容词原形+that引导的结果状语从句。故选A。
◆考点7 It doesn’t seem very possible to move a mountain.
seem此处作连系动词，意为“似乎；好像”，后跟形容词作表语。可以和seem to be相互转换。例如：
He seems very angry. = He seems to be very angry.他好像非常生气。
【拓展】
(1) “主语 + seem + (to be) +表语”，表语多为名词或形容词，以说明主语的特征或状态。例如：
Tom seems (to be) a very clever boy. Tom看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。
(2) “主语 + seem + 不定式”，此句型中，seem与不定式一起构成复合谓语。例如：
Mrs. Green doesn’t seem to like the idea. 格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。
(3) “It seems + that从句”，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。例如：
It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park. 似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。
(4) “There + seem to be + 名词”，to be可省略，seem的单复数要由后面的名词决定。例如：
There seems no need to wait longer. 看来没有再等的必要了。
◆考点8 ...what’s possible unless you try to make it happen.
unless是连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“除非……；如果不……；除了……”，常引导一个否定意义的真实条件句，有时也可引导非真实条件句。unless引导的条件状语从句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。主要用于下列情况：
(1) 主句为肯定句：
You will miss the bus unless you hurry up. 你要不快点就会错过班车。
(2) 主句为否定句：
One can’t learn a foreign language unless he studies hard. 不下苦功夫是学不好外语的。
【拓展】unless与if…not的辨析：
unless与if…not都表否定，连接条件状语从句时，通常可互换。 I’ll go there unless it rains. = I’ll go there if it doesn’t rain. 我会去那儿，除非下雨。（如果不下雨，我就去。）
只能用if…not的情况 表示“由于未发生B而发生A”时 I’d be glad if she doesn’t come this evening. 如果今天晚上她不来，我将很高兴。
引导虚拟条件句时 If she weren’t so silly, she would understand. 如果她不那么傻，她就会明白了。
◆精题巧练
1.（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）—Too much work has made me tired these days, Mrs. Gao.
—That’s true. But a small tree won’t grow into a big one ________ it experiences lots of winds and rains.
if B．because C．when D．unless
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——高老师，这些天作业太多了，我都累了。——确实。但是一棵小树不会成长为一棵大树，除非它经历了很多风雨。
2.（2022·上海·统考中考真题）You won’t have a better view of the village ________ you reach the top of the hill.
A．because B．unless C．when D．if
【答案】．B
【详解】句意：除非你到达山顶，否则你看不到村庄更好的景色。
考查连词。because因为；unless除非；when当……时候；if如果。根据前后句意可知，此处应用unless引导条件状语从句，即“除非到达山顶，否则不会看到更好的景色”。故选B。
◆考点9 Did you hear our stepmother planning to kill us
hear sb. doing sth.表示“听到某人正在做某事（正在进行）”。例如：
I heard him singing when I walked past the shop. 昨天我路过商店时，听见他正在唱歌。
【拓展】
(1) hear sb. do sth.表示“听到某人经常做某事或做某事的全过程（已完成）”。例如：
I usually hear someone sing in her room. 我经常听到有人在她房间里唱歌。
(2) hear of意为“听说”，后面接名词，代词或动名词。例如：
I have never heard of him. 我从来没有听说过他。
(3) hear from sb.意为“收到某人的来信”，与receive a letter from sb.意思相同。例如：
I heard from my mother yesterday.= I received a letter from my mother yesterday. 昨天我收到了妈妈的来信。
◆考点10 As far as I know, there are no man-made objects as big as this.
as far as I know是一个固定表达方式，还可以说so far as I know，意为“据我所知”。例如：
As far as I know, Wang Tao has two brothers. 据我所知，王涛有俩弟弟。
◆考点11 This spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.
give up是动词短语，意为“放弃；停止；戒除”。give up doing something意为“放弃做某事；半途而废”。例如：
She doesn’t give up easily. 她不会轻易放弃。
You ought to give up smoking; I gave it up last year.你应该戒烟，我去年就戒掉了。
【拓展】
give的相关短语： give away赠送，分发； give off放出，释放；
give in屈服，让步； give out分发，用完； give back归还
◆精题巧练
1.【2023新疆生产建设兵团】8. —What abilities should a dog trainer have
—I think he should be responsible and never ___________.
A. give away B. give out C. give back D. give up
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：——训犬师应该具备什么能力？——我认为他应该负责任，永不放弃。give away捐赠；give out分发；give back还回来；give up放弃。根据“he should be responsible and never”可知应该有责任感，并且不轻易放弃。故选D。
2.【2023江苏省泰州】4. Most neighbours ________ the habit of square dancing to create a quieter environment for us.
A. get into B. care about C. carry on D. give up
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了给我们创造一个更安静的环境，大多数邻居都放弃了跳广场舞的习惯。get into陷入；care about关心；carry on继续；give up放弃。根据“Most neighbours...the habit of square dancing to create a quieter environment for us.”可知，创造更安静的环境，所以是放弃跳广场舞，故选D。
◆考点12 Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the remaining forests.
本句中living in the remaining forests为现在分词短语，修饰名词pandas。
分词短语作定语时，应置于被修饰名词之后。例如：
The man standing by the window is our teacher.站在窗边的那个人是我们老师。
（standing by the window就是一短语，也就是说不是一个单词，在此作定语表主动）
Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.
突然出现一个穿绿色衣服的女青年。（过去分词短语作定语表被动或完成）
【注意】
区别：现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生或与谓语动作同时（或基本同时）发生，表示主动意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语表完成或被动的动作；不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表完成不表被动的动作。例如：
They lived in the house facing the south. 他们住在朝南的房子里。(现在分词作定语表示主动意义)
The meeting held yesterday is important. 昨天开的会议很重要。（及物动词的过去分词表被动或完成）
(2)分词短语作定语相当于一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词。例如：
The man reading a novel at the desk is my father.（现在分词表“主动、正在”）
= The man who is reading a novel at the desk is my father. 在桌边读小说的人是我父亲。
Is there anything planned for tonight （过去分词表“被动、已经”）
= Is there anything that has been planned for tonight 今晚有什么活动吗？
◆考点13 Pandas do not have many babies, maybe one every two years.
every+ 基数词+ 复数名词=every+ 序数词+ 单数名词，作“每(多少)”解。例如：
every three days 每三天或每隔两天相当于 every third day
We hand in our homework every three days.我们每隔两天（每三天）交一次作业。
【拓展】
(1)“every other+单数名词”意为“每隔一……”。例如：
every other day 每隔一天 every other tree 每隔一棵树
(2)“every few+复数名词”意为“每隔几……”。例如：
every few days每隔几天
◆考点14 One of the world’s most dangerous sports is mountain climbing…
one of +the +形容词最高级+复数名词/代词，意为“最……之一”，当其作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
His brother is one of the tallest boys in the class.他弟弟是这个班最高的男生之一。
The song is one of the most popular songs.这首歌是最流行的歌之一。
One of us has nothing for breakfast.我们中有一个人没吃早饭。
◆精题巧练
1.(2020江苏宿迁)51．Beijing Daxing International Airport is one of the________（ 奇迹） of the modern world．
【答案】wonders
【解析】句意：北京大兴国际机场是现代世界的奇迹之一。one of…“……之一”后跟可数名词复数；根据提示“奇迹”，英文表达是wonder，这里用其复数wonders，故填wonders。
语法点
◆ 过去进行时☆
概念
表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生、进行的动作。
基本用法
用法 例句
1 表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作 then（那时），at this（that）time（在这时/那时），yesterday（昨天），last year（去年）等连用 —What were you doing at about 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon 昨天下午 4 点钟左右你在做什么 —I was listening to music.我在听音乐。 Jane was working on her homework last night. 简昨晚在写作业。
2 在某事（动作）发生前开始的动作 过去进行时和一般过去时经常在一个句子里使用。用过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作。过去进行时可用于主句，亦可用于从句。 Just as I was leaving the house，the telephone rang. 我正要出门，电话铃响了。（用于从句） He broke his leg when he was playing football. 他踢足球的时候把腿伤了。（用于从句） She was reading when he called. 他来访时，她正在看书。（用于主句）
3 表示同时进行的动作 表示两个同作同时进行，常用语while引导的时间状语从句 While you were writing letters，I was reading a book. 你写信的时候，我在看书。 While we were having breakfast，John was talking on the telephone.我们吃早饭的时候，约翰在打电话。
4 表示过去将来的动作 过去进行时亦可表示从过去某时间看将要发生的动作。常用在间接引语中。 She was leaving early the next morning. 第二天一早她就要离开此地了。（从过去某时间看） She asked whether he was coming back for lunch. 她问他晚饭是否回家来吃。（用于间接引语中） We were coming to see you，but it rained（so we didn't）. 我们本预备来看你，但是下雨了。
时间状语：
①at this time yesterday ②at 2 o’clock last night(过去的时间)
③from ... to ...+（过去的时间） ④then
⑤at that moment/time ⑥以when/while引导的时间状语从句。句子结构
四．构成
构成 例句
肯定式 主语+was/were+现在分词…… She was having a class at that moment.
否定式 主语+was/were+not+现在分词…… She wasn’t doing homework at that moment.
一般疑问式 Was/Were+主语+现在分词…… Was she reading a book at nine o’clock.
特殊疑问句 疑问代词/疑问副词+was/were+主语+现在分词…… What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday
五．辨析：一般过去式和过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，强调动作的连续性。一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，即用一般过去时只表示有过这件事或比较短暂的动作：
如：He talked to his girlfriend on the phone yesterday昨天他和女朋友通过电话。
He was talking to his girlfriend on the phone when I came in.我进来时，他在和女朋友通电话。
It rained yesterday.昨天下过雨。（不一定是一整天）
when和while
when while
1 when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间； while是during the time that，只指一段时间， 因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
2 when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生 while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。
3 由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时； 如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，
【拓展：不用于进行时的动词】
感官动词：hear,see,notice,feel,taste……
表示态度感情的动词：like,love,hate……
表心理状态：feel,want,prefer……
表占有：own,have,……
表存在状态和持续：look,owe,be……
◆精题巧练
1.【2023江苏扬州】10. While everyone ________ the comics page, I picked up a copy to see what was so funny.
A. is laughing at B. laughed at C. laughs at D. was laughing at
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态和被动语态。句意：当每个人都在笑漫画页时，我拿起一本，想看看是什么这么好笑。laugh at“嘲笑”，本文是while引导的时间状语从句，强调从句动作正在进行时主句动作发生，结合“I picked up a copy”可知，从句时态用过去进行时（was/were doing），故选D。
2.【2023四川成都】8. I am sorry I didn’t answer your phone because I ________ the piano at that time.
A. played B. was playing C. am playing
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：很抱歉，我没有接你的电话，因为当时我正在弹钢琴。
根据“at that time”可知此处是介绍过去某个时刻正在发生的情况，应用过去进行时，故选B。
3.【2023四川自贡市】5. —Why didn’t you pick up my phone at seven o’clock last night
—I ________ the dishes in the kitchen at that time so I didn’t hear it.
A. was doing B. did C. had done
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：——昨晚7点你为什么不接我的电话？——我当时正在厨房洗碗，所以没有听到。根据“I...the dishes in the kitchen at that time so I didn’t hear it.”可知，此处指昨晚7点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选A。
4.【2023四川凉山州】5. —I saw your light still on at 11:30 last night.
—Oh, I ________ an exciting book at that time. I lost myself in the story.
A. read B. am reading C. was reading
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——昨晚11点半我看到你的灯还亮着。——哦，那时我正在读一本激动人心的书。我沉浸在这个故事中。根据“at 11:30 last night.”和“at that time.”可知，此处表示过去这个时间正在读书，需用过去进行时。故选C。
5.【2023湖南怀化】29. The cake ______ by the hungry students quickly yesterday.
A. eats B. is eaten C. was eaten
【答案】C
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：昨天，那个蛋糕被饥饿的学生们很快吃完了。根据“yesterday”可知句子应用一般过去时，主语The cake与动词eat存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：was/were+过去分词。故选C。
6.【2023天津】9. While we ________ an English song, some visitors came to our class.
A. sing B. will sing C. were singing D. are singing
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当我们正在唱一首英文歌时，一些来访者来到我们班。根据“While”以及“some visitors came to our class”可知此句是含有while的过去进行时：was/were doing，故选C。
7.【2023黑龙江省龙东地区】10. I’m sorry I didn’t answer your call because I ________ online.
A. was studying B. studied C. am studying
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：很抱歉我没有接你的电话，因为我在网上学习。根据语境可知，空处表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，构成形式为：was/were doing；主语“I”是第一人称单数形式，故助动词应用was；study的现在分词是studying。故选A。
8.【2023黑龙江绥化市】15. The students ________ how to do eye exercises just now.
A. was taught B. were taught C. taught
【答案】B
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：刚才教学生们如何做眼保健操。主语The students和谓语teach之间是被动关系，根据“just now”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语是名词复数，be动词用were。故选B。
9.【2023四川乐山】10. —Lingling, what were you doing at 7:00 yesterday evening
—I ________ my mother prepare the dinner then.
A. helped B. am helping C. was helping
【答案】C
【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：——玲玲，昨晚7点时你在做什么呢？——我当时正在帮妈妈准备晚餐。根据“at 7:00 yesterday evening”可知，指过去某个时刻正在发生的事情，句子应用过去进行时，其谓语结构为：was/were+现在分词。故选C。
10.【2023辽宁省营口市】8. Tim ________ Touching China on CCTV with his family from 8:00 to 9:00 last Saturday evening.
A. was watching B. will watch C. watched D. has watched
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：上周六晚上8点到9点，蒂姆和家人一起看中央电视台的《感动中国》。根据“from 8:00 to 9:00 last Saturday evening”可知，强调过去的时间点，动作正在发生，用过去进行时。故选A。
11.【2023辽宁本溪辽阳葫芦岛】13. The boys ________ the exciting soccer game when the teacher came in.
A. talked about B. talk about
C. were talking about D. will talk about
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当老师进来时，男孩们正在谈论那场激动人心的足球比赛。根据“when the teacher came in.”可知此处是含有when的过去进行时，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去式，故选C。
12.【2023辽宁抚顺】9. At 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon, my father ________ for me outside the school gate.
A. waits B. waited C. was waiting D. is waiting
【答案】C
【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：昨天下午4点，我爸爸在校门外等我。根据“At 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon”可知，强调过去的时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故选C。
◆ 状语从句☆☆☆
本单元的语法重点仍然是状语从句，主要讲述以下三种状语从句。
1．unless引导条件状语从句，unless意为”除非，若不”。如：
You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.除非你早点动身，否则你就不能及时赶到那儿。
特别提示：unless的意思相当于if…not…。
2．as soon as引导时间状语从句表示“一……就”。如：
As soon as he heard the news，he jumped with joy.
他一听到消息，高兴地跳了起来。
3．so…that引导结果状语从句。常用句型“主语＋谓语＋so＋形容词/副词＋that从句”，如：
He was so homesick that he could hardly endure the misery of it.
他非常想家，简直有点受不了这种痛苦。
特别提示：为了强调将so提至句首时，主句的语序需要倒装。如：
So badly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital .他伤得这么重，不得不去医院。
【拓展】so…that和such…that的区别：
so…that中的so是副词，后面需接形容词/副词。如：
An atom is so small that we cannot see it.原子这么小，以至于我们看不到它。
such…that中的such是形容词，后面需接名词或带修饰语的名词，名词如果是单数，则用such a(n)…that。如：
He was such a selfish man that nobody would help him.
他是一个这么自私的人，因此没人愿意帮助他。
◆精题巧练
1.（2023·广西南宁·校联考二模）Your dad has just fallen asleep. Don’t wake him up ______ it’s really necessary.
A．unless B．or C．but
【答案】A
【详解】句意：你爸爸刚刚睡着了。除非真的有必要，否则不要叫醒他。
考查连词辨析。unless除非；or或者；but但是。根据“Don’t wake him up ... it’s really necessary.”可知，不要叫醒他，除非在必要情况下，unless符合句意，引导条件状语从句。故选A。
2．（2022·江苏苏州·校考一模）They are ________ little short fish ________ we like them very much.
A．so, that B．such, that C．too, to D．/, so that
【答案】B
【详解】句意：它们是这样的小短鱼，我们都很喜欢。
考查结果状语从句。句式“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句”和“such+形容词+可数名词复数+that从句”都表示“如此……以至于……”；too+adj+to do sth“太……而不能做某事”；so that为了，以便。根据“They are...little short fish...we like them very much.”可知，此处指它们是如此短小的鱼以至于我们都非常喜欢它们，A和B符合题意；此处主要修饰名词fish，第一空应填such。故选B。
3．（2023·云南玉溪·统考一模）—Have you watched the TV play Meet Yourself
—Yes. It is ________ popular ________ thousands of people come to visit Dali.
so; that B．such; that C．enough; to D．too; to
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你看过电视剧《去有风的地方》吗？——是的。它非常受欢迎，成千上万的人来大理旅游。
考查so...that引导的结果状语从句。so adj./adv. that...如此……以至于；such a/an adj. n. that...如此……的……以至于；adj./adv. enough to do sth.足够……做某事；too adj./adv. to do sth.太……而不能。根据“...popular...thousands of people come to visit Dali”可知此处是so...that引导的结果状语从句。故选A。
4．（2023·江西抚州·校联考一模）—Have you seen yesterday’s TV play I think Helen won’t marry the rich man.
—I think so. Unless the man finally ________ his mind to help the poor.
changes B．change C．changed D．will change
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你看过昨天的电视剧吗？我想海伦不会嫁给那个有钱人的。——我同意。除非这个人最终改变主意去帮助穷人。考查unless引导的条件状语从句。根据“Unless the man finally…his mind to help the poor.”可知，此处是unless引导的条件状语，从句用一般现在时态表将来，从句主语the man是第三人称单数形式，故动词用其三单形式。故选A。
5.（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）Gu Ailing worked ________ hard ________ she got excellent achievements at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
A．not only … but also B．such ... that C．not ... until D．so … that
【答案】．D
【详解】句意：谷爱凌非常努力，在北京2022年冬奥会上取得了优异的成绩。
考查短语辨析。not only…but also不但……而且……；such... that如此……以至于……；not... until直到……才；so…that如此……以至于……。根据“hard”可知，是副词，用so修饰，故选D。
6．（2023·四川广元·统考模拟预测）It is ________ fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
A．so B．such C．such a D．a so
【答案】B
【详解】句意：天气这么好，我们都想去公园。
考查such…that引导的结果状语从句。so+形容词/副词+that+从句；such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that+从句；such++adj+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that+从句都是固定用法，weather是不可数名词，空处应填such，故选B。
7.（2023·天津南开·统考二模）Lucy hasn’t called her parents ________ she went to London.
A．so B．since C．before D．as soon as
【答案】B
【详解】句意：露西自从去了伦敦就没给她父母打过电话。
考查连词辨析。so因此；since自从；before在……之前；as soon as一……就……。根据“Lucy hasn’t called her parents”可知，主句是现在完成时，从句用since引导的一般过去时的句子。故选B。
◆ 形容词和副词的比较等级☆☆☆
1．比较级的用法
(1)单独使用，如：
Be more careful next time.下次小心点。
I will get up earlier tomorrow.明天我会更早起床。
(2)和than连用，表示两者进行比较。如：
He is older than me / I．他年龄比我大。
He runs faster than the other boys in his class.他比他班上其他男孩都跑得快。
2．比较级的修饰语，常见的有：no，a little，a bit，much，even，still，a lot，any等，其中much，still，even只用于修饰比较级。
3．比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词，如：
My sister is ten years younger than me.我妹妹比我小十岁。
4．常见比较结构句型
句型1：as＋形容词/副词原级＋as表示“和……一样……”。
句型2：not as＋形容词/副词原级＋as 或 not so＋形容词/副词原级＋as表示“前者不如后者”，如：
This school is not as beautiful as that one.这所学校没有那所漂亮。
表达前者不如后者还可以用： less ＋原级＋than，如：This school is less beautiful than that one.
句型3：表示倍数
(1)表示“是……的几倍时”：倍数＋as＋形容词副词原级＋as，如：
This garden is ten times as large as that one.这个花园是那个的十倍大。
(2)表示“比……多几倍”：倍数 ＋ 比较级＋than …，如：
His garden is 9 times larger than that one.他的花园比那个大九倍。
句型4：比较级＋than any other＋单数名词，表示“比其他的任何一个……”，如：
He is taller than any other boy in his class.他比班上的其他男孩都高。
句型5：the ＋比较级＋of the two…(the twins)表示“两个中较……”，如：
Amy is the shorter of the two girls.艾米是这两个女孩中较矮的一个。
句型6：(单音节形容词/副词)比较级 ＋ and ＋ 比较级，(多音节形容词/副词)more and more ＋原级，表示“越来越……”
句型7：the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语，the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语，表示“越……就越……”，如：
The harder you study，the better grades you will get.你学习越努力，取得的成绩就会越好。
5．形容词的最高级要加定冠词the，副词最高级可省略the。
◆精题巧练
【2023江苏扬州】3. Slow cooking seems to hold the taste of the meat much ________.
A. good B. well C. better D. best
【答案】C
【解析】考查比较级。句意：慢煮似乎能更好地保持肉的味道。根据空前“much”可知，much是修饰比较级的词，此处应用比较级形式，故选C。
2.【2023天津】6. Sam did ________ in his studies this year than last year.
A. well B. better C. best D. the best
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词比较级。句意：山姆今年的学习成绩比去年好。根据“than”可知，此处需用比较级，可排除ACD选项。故选B。
3.【2023四川成都】5. The book of Songs is the ________ collection of poems in China and the beginning of China’s poetry tradition.
A. early B. earlier C. earliest
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：《诗经》是中国最早的诗集，也是中国诗歌传统的开端。根据“The book of Songs is the...collection of poems in China”可知，此前有定冠词the修饰，比较的范围不止两者，所以用形容词最高级。故选C。
4.【2023四川泸州市】3. —Last month, thirteen Chinese scientists successfully reached the peak of Mount Qomolangma which is ________ mountain in the world.
—Wow! It’s really fantastic. I am so proud of them.
A. high B. higher C. highest D. the highest
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意；——上个月，13名中国科学家成功登顶了世界上最高的珠穆朗玛峰。——哇！真是太棒了。我为他们感到骄傲。根据“the peak of Mount Qomolangma which is … mountain in the world.”可知，珠穆朗玛峰是最高的山峰，空格处为形容词最高级the highest。故选D。
5.【2023四川凉山州】6. —Doctor, 168 yuan for pulling a tooth It’s only a few minutes’ work.
—Well. I can do it ________ if you like.
A. more quietly B. more slowly C. less carefully
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：——医生，拔一颗牙168元？只需几分钟的工作。——好。如果你愿意，我可以拔得慢一点。more quietly更安静地；more slowly更慢地； less carefully不那么小心地。根据“Doctor, 168 yuan for pulling a tooth It’s only a few minutes’ work.”可知，对方觉得拔牙很快却需要168元，此处指医生觉得对方愿意的话，也可以拔地慢一点。故选B。
6.【2023四川达州市】3. —Who is your best friend, Linda
—Mary. She always helps me ________ the best in me. The longer I stay with her, ________ I will be.
A. look out, the more confident B. bring out, the more confident C. bring out, the less confident
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语及比较级。句意：——谁是你最好的朋友，琳达？——玛丽。她总是帮助我展现我最好的一面。我和她在一起的时间越长，我就会越自信。look out当心；bring out使显现，使表现出。第一空考查bring out the best in sb.“使某人表现出最好的一面”。第二空考查句式：The+比较级, the+比较级，意为“越……，越……”，根据“She always helps me…the best in me.”可知，玛丽使“我”展现最好的一面，故在一起时间越长，“我”就越自信。故选B。
7.【2023湖南怀化】25. Xu Mengtao is one of the ________ players in China.
A. famous B. more famous C. most famous
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：徐梦桃是中国最著名的运动员之一。one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……之一”，故选C。
8.【2023湖南省郴州】5. It’s one of ________ things in the world to stay with our family members.
A. the happiest B. happier C. happy
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：和家人在一起是世界上最幸福的事情之一。one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……的……之一”。故选A。
9.【2023江西省】7. —As I know, your friend Jeff is very humorous.
—Yes. He is ________ person I know.
A. funnier B. the funniest C. more serious D. the most serious
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：——据我所知，你的朋友杰夫很幽默。——是的。他是我认识的最有趣的人。funnier更有趣的； the funniest最有趣的；more serious更严肃的；the most serious最严肃的。根据“your friend Jeff is very humorous”和“Yes.”可知，应是觉得他很有趣，结合“I know”可知，是和认识的所有人中作比较，所以用最高级，故选B。
10.【2023黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市】6. Remember this, kids. The harder you work, the ________ you will be.
A. worse B. luckier C. easier
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：记住这一点，孩子们。你越努力，你就越幸运。worse更差的；luckier更幸运的；easier更容易的。根据“The harder you work, the … you will be”可知，越努力就越幸运，故选B。