素材源：大西洋月刊 （原文有删改）
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
When Kids Realize Their Whole Life Is Already Online
For several months, Cara has been working up the courage to approach her mom about what she saw on Instagram. Not long ago, the 11-year-old—who, like all the other kids in this story, is referred to by a pseudonym—discovered that her mom had been posting photos of her, without prior approval, for much of her life. “I’ve wanted to bring it up. It’s weird seeing myself up there, and sometimes there’s pictures I don’t like of myself,” she said.
Like most other modern kids, Cara grew up immersed in social media. Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube were all founded before she was born; Instagram has been around since she was a toddler. While many kids may not yet have accounts themselves, their parents, schools, sports teams, and organizations have been curating an online presence for them since birth. The shock of realizing that details about your life—or, in some cases, an entire narrative of it—have been shared online without your consent or knowledge has become a pivotal experience in the lives of many young teens and tweens.
Recently a parenting blogger wrote in a Washington Post essay that despite her 14-year-old daughter’s horror at discovering that her mother had shared years of highly personal stories and information about her online, she simply could not stop posting on her blog and social media. The writer claimed that promising her daughter that she would stop posting about her publicly on the internet “would mean shutting down a vital part of myself, which isn’t necessarily good for me or her.”
In 2016, an 18-year-old Austrian woman even sued her parents for posting 500 images of her on Facebook over the years without her consent. “They knew no shame and no limit—and didn’t care whether it was a picture of me sitting on the toilet or lying naked in my cot. Every stage was photographed and then made public,” she told The Local Austria.
But it’s not just overzealous mommy bloggers who construct a child’s online identity; plenty of average parents do the same. There’s even a portmanteau for it: sharenting. Almost a quarter of children begin their digital lives when parents upload their prenatal sonogram scans to the internet, according to a study conducted by the internet-security firm AVG. The study also found that 92 percent of toddlers under the age of 2 already have their own unique digital identity. “Parents now shape their children’s digital identity long before these young people open their first email. The disclosures parents make online are sure to follow their children into adulthood,” declares a report by the University of Florida Levin College of Law. “These parents act as both gatekeepers of their children’s personal information and as narrators of their children’s personal stories.”
（60）
序列号 词数 体裁 题材 建议用时
Summary 461 记叙文 家庭生活 ≤10min
【参考范文】
Modern kids grew up in social media founded before their births. Many parents, including overzealous mommy bloggers and plenty of average ones, tended to uploaded children’s personal stories and information onto the internet without their prior approval and therefore led to their children’s dislikes ,horror even charges. These parents were gatekeepers and narrators of their children’s personal information and stories. (60 words)
【要点解读】
本文叙述的信息比较分散，概括起来有一定难度：三个事例都指向父母过多地把孩子信息上传到网路并且因此导致孩子的反感，恐惧甚至控诉，所以概括时要围绕这一点展开，即使原文未见到作者亮明自己看法的句子。
【vocabulary】
immersed
adj. 浸入的；专注的
v. 浸（immerse的过去式和过去分词）；
toddler
n. 学步的小孩；幼童
curate
vt. 组织
narrative
n. 叙述；故事；讲述
adj. 叙事的，叙述的；叙事体的
consent
n. 同意；（意见等的）一致；赞成
vi. 同意；赞成；答应
pivotal
n. 关键事物；中心事物
adj. 关键的；中枢的；枢轴的
overzealous
adj. 过分热心的（zealous：热心的）
portmanteau
n. 旅行皮箱；混成词
adj. 多用途的，多性质的
sonogram
n. 声波图；声谱记录；语图
narrators
n. 叙述者；解说员素材源：大西洋月刊 （原文有删改）
▲Social-Media Outrage Is Collapsing Our Worlds
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Social-Media Outrage Is Collapsing Our Worlds
Has the internet afforded humans more freedom, or less
In edge cases, almost all Americans will see the implications for freedom, as with China’s push toward a completely new society of surveillance cameras, facial-recognition technology, machine learning, and a state-assigned score for every citizen to rate their merits.
If humans lost something when most of us ceased to live our whole lives in small tribes, if American life is no longer organized around small towns with all that they offer their residents, at the very least we made these countervailing gains. And this freedom to be different things in different spaces was enhanced by the early internet. Every subculture had its chat rooms. Far-flung people with niche interests could find one another. And no one knew if you were a dog.
Today’s internet is different. One powerful illustration of the phenomenon is Facebook’s People You May Know feature, plumbed most thoughtfully by Kashmir Hill.
For example: I’m sitting in a coffee shop as I write this. Imagine that a man sitting at a nearby table spilled his coffee, got a phone call just afterward, and simply left, so that staff had to clean up his mess, a scene that culminated in a haggard-looking barista drooping her shoulders in frustration. Was the call a true emergency We don’t know. But if not, almost everyone would agree that the man behaved badly.
Yet almost all of you would react with discomfort or opprobrium if I followed the man back to his office, learned his name, spent a half hour waiting to see his boss, adopted an outraged tone, explained his transgression, felt righteous, then commenced a week-long mission to alert his extended network of friends, family, and professional contacts to his behavior, all the while telling masses of strangers about it, too.
On the other hand, if that man spilled his coffee, leaving that same haggard barista(咖啡师) to clean it up, and if I captured the whole thing on my phone camera and posted it to Twitter with a snarky comment about the need to better respect service workers, some nontrivial percentage of the public would help make the clip go viral, join in the shaming, and expend effort to “snitch-tag” various people in the man’s personal life. Some would quietly raise an eyebrow at my role in that public shaming, but I mostly wouldn’t be treated as a transgressor.
One cannot help but wonder whether there are better norms. The internet isn’t restoring what was lost when we left the village, but today’s version is eroding the compensating benefit of getting to live fluidly across domains, in part because digital norms seem uninterested in protecting it.
（60）
【答案分析】
序列号 词数 体裁 题材 建议用时
Summary 445 议论文 社会文化 ≤12min
【参考范文】
The internet afforded humans more freedom, and this freedom to be different things in different spaces was enhanced by the early internet. However, today’s internet is different. It isn’t restoring what was lost when we left the village but eroding the compensating benefit of getting to live fluidly across domains, partly because digital norms seem uninterested in protecting it. (59 words)
【要点解读】
这是一篇议论文，围绕互联网的出现对人类生活影响的变化进行阐述，其观点是互联网现在并没有给人类带来更多自由，发而会将人的琐事置于众目睽睽之下，文章用了大量篇幅举例说明，可以略而不写。重难点是对观点的定位及概括。产生这一现象的原因文末有提及，不可漏写。
【Vocabulary】
surveillance
n. 监督；监视
snarky
adj. 尖锐批评的素材源：大西洋月刊 （原文有删改）
▲Jay and Coach Steve in Big Mouth (Netflix)
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Glorious Vulgarity（庸俗） of the Big Mouth Valentine’s Day Special
For many TV shows, the perfunctory（敷衍的） Valentine’s Day episode presents a unique tonal（调性的） challenge. Lean too eagerly into the holiday’s conceit （自负）and you risk a frivolous（轻佻的）deviation from the broader ethos（理念）of the series, if not also its plotline. Skewer dear Cupid too gleefully, and you might alienate（疏远）viewers with a soft spot for romance (or for chocolate). Even the best examples of the genre（体裁）can set up a show to later be bogged down（妨碍）by the same holiday-specific terror that haunts its audience: the tyranny（暴政）of high expectations .
But Big Mouth, the animated Netflix series that follows a group of teens navigating the all-consuming chaos of pubescence, already combines good-natured levity and hormone-driven anguish. The show, which has run for two seasons, dramatizes the romantic and sexual anxieties of its teen characters with a signature mocktail of vulgar humor and earnest affirmations（肯定）. It’s hardly any surprise, then, that the series’ entry into the Valentine’s Day pantheon is a sublime（绝佳的）addition. “My Furry Valentine” is a hilarious romp（令人捧腹的戏耍）, but it also functions as a reminder of what Big Mouth does best. The double episode, which began streaming Friday, brings both genuine heart and nearly insurmountable horniness to the classic holiday special. For the show’s fans, it’s a delightful reunion; for unfamiliar viewers, it’s a raucous send-up of romantic comedies and Valentine’s Day tropes alike.
The show itself is already so outrageous that nothing in “My Furry Valentine” feels out of the ordinary—not even the repeated references to “bussy,” which is defined for audiences by a lascivious ladybug who insists that there’s a lot more where that description came from. There are new hijinks（狂欢作乐）, conflicts, and simulations, like a skit that finds the preternaturally horny Jay (Jason Mantzoukas) competing in a sex-themed Ultimate Beastmaster obstacle course competition aptly titled Ultimate Fuck Machine. What other show would allow an animated rendering of Duke Ellington’s ghost to admit—and openly lament—the fact that he’s in love with the ghost of Whitney Houston, who’s in love with the ghost of Nina Simone, who’s in love with the ghost of Burt Reynolds
While Big Mouth is full of brash humor and visual gags, the show manages to ground its episodes—including and especially the Valentine’s Day edition—with a rare appreciation for the multitudes of awkward and joyful moments that characterize all kinds of human connections. Crucially, Big Mouth pays special attention to the relationships its characters have with themselves. As ever, the teens experience a single event in vastly different ways. The When Harry Met Sally–inspired interview format, for example, finds Jessi (Jessi Glaser) sublimating her frustrations with life rather than reflecting on any burgeoning capacity for lust.
（60）
序列号 词数 体裁 题材 建议用时
Summary 507 说明文 社会文化 ≤12min
【参考范文】
Big Mouth combines levity and anguish well ,dramatizes the romantic and sexual anxieties of its teen characters .Its entry into the Valentine’s Day pantheon is an excellent addition. It goes on with an appreciation for the multitudes of awkward and joyful moments characterizing all kinds of human connections and pays special attention to the relationships its characters have with themselves.
(60 words)
【要点解读】
这是一篇文艺说明文，内容比较晦涩，理解起来也需要花费一番心思。但作为summary来写，只需把握住其核心内容即可。该篇主要讲述了由Netflix公司出品的一部连续剧《Big Mouth》在当前很多以情人节为题材的电视剧中脱颖而出，在概括时要把握住三点：一是该剧的主要内容，二是该剧之所以与众不同的原因，最后对其评价也须点出。
末段翻译：尽管《大嘴巴》充满了傲慢的幽默和视觉上的噱头，但它还是成功地让它的剧集——包括尤其是情人节的那一集——以一种罕见的方式展现了各种人际关系中大量尴尬和快乐的时刻。至关重要的是，《大嘴巴》特别关注剧中人物与自己的关系。和以往一样，青少年以截然不同的方式体验一件事。例如，在《当哈利遇见塞利》的采访中，杰西(杰西·格拉泽[Jessi Glaser]饰)升华了自己在生活中的挫败感，而不是反思自己迅速增长的性欲。
【vocabulary】
perfunctory
adj. 敷衍的；马虎的；得过且过的
conceit
n. 自负；狂妄；幻想
vt. 幻想
alienate
vt. 使疏远，离间；
animate
adj. 有生命的
vt. 使有生气；使活泼；鼓舞；推动；把…制成动画
burgeon
vt. 萌芽, 发芽
n. 芽, 嫩枝
vi. 萌芽, 发芽
