Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 知识点讲义

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room
语法精讲
1．情态动词could表示请求和建议
(1)could 可以表示有礼貌地请求和请求允许，比can更委婉客气
①—Could you (please) help me carry the bag 你能帮我提袋子吗？
—Sure, I'd love to./Sorry, I can't.当然，我很乐意。/对不起，我不能。
②—Could I use your phone 我能用你的手机吗？
—Yes, you can./No, you can't.是的，可以。/不，不可以。
请求别人不要做某事，可用Could you please not do sth.？请你不要(做)……好吗？如：Could you please not smoke here 请你不要在这里抽烟好吗？
回答可说：Sorry, I won't.对不起，我不会了。
(2)could可以表示建议。如：
①You could visit the sick kids in the hospital and cheer them up.
你可以去医院看望那些生病的孩子并且使他们高兴起来。
②The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.
这个女孩可以自愿在课外学习班教孩子。
Could you please do sth
Yes./Yes, sure./Sure/Sure, that should be OK./Of course./Certainly./No problem./OK./With pleasure./All right.
No/Sorry,I can’t. I have to...../I’m afraid I can’t.
You’d better not... I’m sorry, but...
rubbish：take out the rubbish/trash/litter 倒垃圾 take it out
fold your clothes (folded) 叠衣服
sweep：-swept sweep the floor 扫地
floor n. 地板 on the floor 在地板上 on the+序数词+floor 在……楼
1a.剩余短语do the dishes (did) 洗餐具 make your/the bed (made)整理床铺 clean the living room(cleaned)打扫客厅
2a.短语 go out for dinner出去吃饭 go to the movies去看电影
stay out late在外面待到很晚
get a ride 搭车 give sb. a ride (to town)
need to do sth. sth. need doing needn’t do
Could I use your computer 我可以用一下你的电脑吗？
Sorry, I am going to work on it now. work on 从事
2d. help out with a few things
at least至少 finish doing做完某事
Two hours of TV is enough for you.
any minute now 随时；马上 pretty clean and tidy相当干净整洁的
mess： n. 杂乱；不整洁What a mess！ make a mess 弄得一团糟
in a mess 乱七八糟；陷入困境
She won't be happy if she sees this mess. 如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴的。
throw： throw sth. threw throw down扔下 throw away 扔掉；抛弃
throw at 向……扔去（含有恶意）throw stones at the window
throw to 扔给……（不含恶意）throw stones to me
all the time一直；反复all day 整日 all evening整夜
3a. welcome sb. 欢迎某人 come home from school/work放学/下班回家
take the dog for a walk 带狗去散步 reply angrily生气地回复
as...as not so/as...as shout back大声回应 walk away走开
in surprise惊讶地 to one’s surprise share the housework 分担家务 have a clean and comfortable home有一个干净舒适的家
go out for dinner Could we get something to drink 拿点喝的东西
hang out with friends 与朋友们闲逛 get it wet使某物弄湿
neither：
She didn't do any housework and neither did I.她没有做家务，我也没有做。
(1)neither作代词时，常与of连用，意为“两者都不”，作主语时，谓语动词单复数皆可，但在正式文体中，常用单数。如：
①Neither of the cars was/were broken.两部车都没有破。
②Neither of the answers is/are right.这两个答案都不对。
(2)neither of 的反义词组为both of, 其后的谓语动词必须用复数。如：
Both of my parents are teachers.我父母都是老师。
I have two brothers. Neither of them likes going shopping.
(3)副词：也不。“neither +be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语” 表示“……也不”，指后者与前者具有相同的情况，但是表示的是否定意义的相同。相当于一个主谓倒装的否定句。
Mary doesn’t like singing. Neither do I. 玛丽不喜欢唱歌，我也不喜欢。
He can’t swim. Neither can I./Me neither.
If you don’t fold your clothes.Neither will I.
neither...nor... Neither you nor I am right.
What would you like,A or B Neither, I just want C.
如果上文是肯定句，下文表示与上文有相同情况时，用“so+ be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”。例如： Mary likes singing. So do I.
【拓展】当表示对上文所讲内容的赞同时，可以用“so + 主语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词”或者“neither + 主语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词”来表示。前者用于肯定句，后者用于否定句。
Mary plays the piano well. So she does.玛丽钢琴弹得很好。她确实弹得好。
Mary doesn’t play the piano well. Neither she does. 玛丽钢琴弹的不好。她确实弹得不好。
shirt a clean shirt
The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over.
sit down 坐下 come over 过来
as soon as 一... 就 I will write to you as soon as I get there.
My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV .
我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。
pass作动词，意为“经过，传递”。 Please pass me the book. 请把书递给我。pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb.
当pass后面的sb.和sth.都为代词时，只能用pass sth. to sb.结构 Pass it to me.
动词：走过；通过pass the classroom
borrow sb. sth.=borrow sth.from sb. “从……借（入）……”。
lend sb. sth.=lend sth.to sb.把某物借给某人/把……借（出）……
lend-lent
borrow 表示“借；借用”，是从别人那里借来东西，即我们通常所说的“借过来”
lend表示“借给；借出”，是把自己的东西借给别人，即我们通常所说的“借出去”
拓展：keep 延续性动词，意为“借；保存”。可与一段时间连用。keep sth. for＋一段时间 保留/保存某物一段时间 How long may I keep the bike
finger: cut one’s finger
hate sth. hate sb./sth. 讨厌某人/某物
hate to do hate doing 厌恶做某事 I hate to do chores. 我不喜欢做杂务。
do chores 做杂务 do housework 做家务
I have to do some work. 我必须干些活。
I do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.
make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”
help sb. (to ) d o /with sth.帮助某人干某事
bring a tent带顶帐篷来
while
while作连词时，可以意为“当……时候, 和……同时”。
I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.
拓展：while还可作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示两者之间的对比。
I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.
我喜欢听音乐，而我的弟弟爱好运动。
snacks buy some snacks买些小吃 drinks and snacks
invite sb. to a party 邀请某人参加聚会 invite sb. to do an invitation
Could I invite my friends to a party have a test on Monday
help out with chores at home
look through浏览 make sb. do have time to do sth.
stress：n. 精神压力；心理负担
be under stress 承受压力 have enough stress有足够的压力
Housework is a waste of their time.
waste n.浪费；垃圾 a waste of… 浪费……a waste of time浪费时间
v. 浪费；滥用 We shouldn’t waste the time. 我们不应该浪费时间。
拓展：waste 作形容词，意为“无用的，浪费的，荒废的”。
A factory is pouring waste water into the river. 一家工厂正在向河里倾倒废水。
in order to get good grades 为了取得好成绩
He did anything in order to make money.
= He did anything in order that he could make money. 为了赚钱，他什么都做。
It’s the parents’ job to provide sth. for sb.
provide sth. for sb. 向某人提供某物
拓展：provide sb.with sth.
The volunteers provide food for the doctors and nurses.
=provide the doctors and nurses with food
anyway而且；加之
Anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult.反正我觉得做家务也不太难。
(1)anyway是一个副词，若位于句首，其后往往会有逗号将其与句子的其他内容隔开。（多用于追加评论或追加信息）
Anyway, I'm free now. Let me go with you.我反正现在闲着没事，就陪你走一趟吧。
(2)anyway还可意为“不管怎样；无论如何”。
Anyway, the news seems to be good for you.无论如何，这个消息对你来说是好的。
depend：v.发展；壮大 depend on sb.依赖；信赖
Children these days depend on their parents too much.
拓展：depend on意为“视……而定；取决于；依靠”，其后可跟名词、代词或从句作宾语.
－When shall we start 我们什么时候动身？
－It depends on the weather. 依天气情况而定。
拓展：dependent(adj.)依靠的 —dependence(n.)依赖
get into a good university There is no need for sb. to do
mind doing介意做某事
It is important for sb. to do sth. learn how to do help sb. with sth.
（It is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with the housework.）
spend on/doing... 在......花费（时间、金钱、精力）/花费......做某事
do one’s part in doing做某人分内的事
as a result结果according to agree with
develop children’s independence 发展孩子的独立性
拓展：developing 发展中的；developed 发达的；先进的
development n.发展；发育；成长
understand the idea of fairness
since自……以来 （表示一段时间）
(1)since作连词时，意为“自……以来；从……以后”，引导时间状语从句。如：
①It is two years since we visited your mother.自从我们看望你母亲以来有两年了。
②He has learned some Chinese songs since he came to China.
自从他来到中国，他已经学了一些中文歌曲。
介词：从……以后；自……以来Miss Hu has taught us English since last term.
(2)since 作连词时，还意为“由于；因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句。提一下大家都知道的原因。
Since everyone is here, let's begin the meeting.既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧。
neighbor Our neighbors’ son got into a good college.
take care of照顾look after照顾；照看
He had no idea how to take care of himself.
ill有病；不舒服（常作表语）。She was ill. He often fell ill.
sick 生病的；有病的a sick boy
drop dropped dropping
drop 意为“落下；掉下”，既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。如：
He always played computer games and his grades dropped.
他老是玩电脑游戏，他的成绩下降了。
He dropped his pen yesterday.昨天他掉了钢笔。
The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.
孩子越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。
“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……越……”。
①The more we do for others, the happier we'll be.
我们为别人做得越多，我们就越幸福。
②The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.
你越仔细，犯的错误就会越少。
independent(adj.)独立的 an independent country independence(n.)独立性
Doing chores helps to develop kids' independence.做家务有利于培养孩子们的独立性
fair fair (adj.)合理的；公正的 (n.)fairness 合理性；公正性
unfair (adj.)unfair不合理的；不公正的