阅读理解
（说明文）
1.（2024 届 ·广西玉林一模）
Tariq Qaiser, an architect, is trying to protect mangroves (红树林). The trees could save Pakistan’s largest city Karachi, sitting on the Arabian Sea, from natural disaster. He comes to Bundal Island several times a week to document the illegal cutting of mangrove trees. Very often, “You can’t hear a single bird because the chain saws are so loud. The trees are cut down illegally for firewood,” he says, shaking his head. Besides, developers clear the
mangroves to make room for construction.
Karachi has a hot climate, and its concrete buildings and paved roads make it even hotter. Offshore, there are islands where mangroves grow. They could be the key to slowing climate change. Mangrove forests pull carbon dioxide out of the air, holding four times as much of the planet-warming gas as other forests can. They support diverse ecosystems. As sea levels rise with global warming, the trees could play a big role in protecting coastal cities like Karachi from flooding. Karachi’s mangroves are disappearing. But its numbers are rising in other parts of Pakistan. With replanting efforts, the country has tripled (三倍于) its mangrove coverage over the past 30 years .
Qaiser’s work may have worked. Recently, a court in Karachi declared Bundal Island’s mangroves to be protected forests. But unforested parts of the island remain unprotected, and developers want to build there. City officials say this could provide much-needed housing and bring in billions of dollars. They claim that some of that
money could be used to plant mangroves in other parts of Pakistan.
Ecologist Rafiul Haq appreciates Qaiser’s “extraordinary work” educating the public about mangroves. But he wishes Qaiser would look at the bigger picture. “Only 7% of Pakistan’s mangroves are in Karachi,” Haq says. He thinks it’s wrong to focus on the losses in 7% of the country while ignoring the success in 93% of it. But Qaiser
believes it’s important to protect every bit.
1 ．What do we know about Karachi’s mangroves
A ．They occupy the building land. B ．They’re home to various birds.
C ．They’re primarily being used as firewood.D ．They protect the city from climate catastrophe.
2 ．Why are efforts made to conserve the mangrove trees
A ．Their birthplaces meet crisis. B ．They boast huge diversity.
C ．Their bonds with nature are close. D ．They grow at a rapid speed.
3 ．What does the Karachi government plan to do
A ．Grow mangroves in other areas. B ．Destroy buildings to grow mangroves.
C ．Build more mangrove reserves. D ．Use mangroves to make profit.
4 ．What does Haq think of Qaiser’s work on Karachi’s mangroves
A ．Challenging. B ．Effective. C ．Insignificant. D ．Partial.
2.（2024 届 ·广西玉林一模）
It’s well-known that humor can benefit us both physically and mentally. The idea that laughter is the best medicine has been around since ancient times. In his 1905 book, Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious, Sigmund Freud argued that humor is the highest of the psyche’s defense mechanism ( 机制), capable of turning
anxiety into pleasure.
There are four humor styles. Affiliative humor refers to jokes about things that might be commonly considered funny, which is usually employed to improve relationships or make others laugh. If you’ve ever shared a funny picture with a coworker, you’ve used affiliative humor. Self-enhancing humor involves being able to laugh at yourself, often used as a way for you to deal with stress or difficulties and feel better as a result. Aggressive humor is laughing at the expense of others, which often involves sarcasm ( 讽刺), teasing, and criticism. Self-defeating humor is the art of putting yourself down to gain favor from your peers, which is possibly used by someone who’s
targeted by bullies.
Each style of humor actually carries a different influence, when it comes to mental health. Julie Aitken Schermer, a psychological researcher at The University of Western Ontario, says people using self-enhancing humor are less likely to show signs of loneliness and poor relationships with others. By contrast, both aggressive and self-defeating humor styles can hint at trouble. “We find that self-defeating humor is the most concerning style as it is also linked with loneliness and feelings of not mattering. Those with an aggressive humor style may not experience loneliness as much, however, since they rely on group dynamics (群体动力) in order to make fun of
their peers,” says Schermer.
Even if you tend to favor more negative humor styles, there’s no reason to lose heart. Schermer says people can develop a positive, self-enhancing humor style by concentrating on the lighter and more humorous aspects of life. As author Kurt Vonnegut once wrote, “Laughter and tears are both responses to worries and anxieties. I prefer
to laugh, since there is less cleaning up to do afterward.”
5 ．Why is Sigmund Freud’s book mentioned in Paragraph 1
A ．To show the importance of mental health. B ．To stress the role of humor.
C ．To persuade people to stay positive. D ．To introduce ancient jokes to us.
6 ．According to the text, which kind of humor may you use to relieve pressure
A ．Affiliative humor. B ．Self-enhancing humor.
C ．Aggressive humor. D ．Self-defeating humor.
7 ．What does the underlined phrase “hint at” probably mean in the third paragraph
A ．Signal. B ．Explain. C ．Prevent. D ．Solve.
8 ．Which of the following will Kurt Vonnegut probably agree with
A ．Humor is difficult to control. B ．Crying is a good way of relief.
C ．Humor is a double-edged sword. D ．Laughter is the best cure for stress.
3.（2024 届 ·广西北海一模）
Construction of Project Nexus is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2023. The 5-megawatt project will
consist of three sites along canals in central California with widths ranging from 20 feet to 100 feet.
If the pilot project proves solar canopies( 檐篷) are a cost-effective way to produce clean energy and save water, scores of similar installations could be built atop California’s canal network-one of the world’s largest water
distribution systems.
“This is a really exciting project,” California Natural Resources Secretary Wade Crowfoot said last month. “It connects our efforts in California to improve water conservation and build drought resilience(抗旱能力) with the
clean energy transition we're driving across California.”
Project Nexus was inspired by a 2021 study by University of California researchers that was published in the journal Nature Sustainability. Typically, 1%to 2% of the water that circulates through California's canals evaporates(蒸发), a number that is expected to increase due to the climate crisis.
Using data from satellites, climate models, and automated weather stations, the peer-reviewed study estimated that covering all of the approximately 4, 000 miles of California’s canals could extremely reduce evaporation, saving 63 billion gallons of water annually —comparable to the amount of water required to irrigate 50, 000 acres
of farmland or meet the water needs of more than 2 million people.
Governor Gavin Newson has allocated additional funds to help local communities cope with water scarcity and encourage Californians to use less water. “Research and common sense tell us that in an age of intensifying drought, it's time to put a lid on evaporation,” said Jordan Harris, CEO of Solar AquaGrid, the company that is
building the solar canopies.
The study found solar canals would be able to generate 13 gigawatts of clean power, equal to approximately
one-sixth of the state's current installed solar capacity. This additional generation could help California achieve its
goal of supplying at least 60% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030 and 100% by 2045.
9 ．What is the purpose of Project Nexus
A ．To enlarge the canal network throughout California.
B ．To improve the quality of water used by local people.
C ．To produce as much power as possible for California.
D ．To help preserve California's declining water resources.
10 ．Where did the inspiration of Project Nexus come from
A ．A study published in a magazine. B ．A clean water distribution system.
C ．A peer-reviewed study evaluation. D ．A sudden thought of the researchers.
11 ．How does the author show the benefit brought by Project Nexus
A ．By making a comparison. B ．By listing scientific data.
C ．By clarifying the process. D ．By explaining the reasons.
12 ．What is the main idea of the text
A ．Climate change has a great effect on the water conservation.
B ．Large amounts of clean water were produced by Project Nexus.
C ．Project Nexus is the first-ever solar panel development in the world.
D ．California's “solar canals” will save water and produce clean energy.
4.（2024 届 ·甘肃白银一模）
Denmark retired after practicing medicine for 73 years and then volunteered her services until she couldn’t
anymore. She died at the age of 114.
I met her by phone when the pediatrician (儿科医生) couldn’t figure out what was wrong with my baby. On the phone, she talked with me for more than 30 minutes. I took her advice, and my baby was better about 10 days
later. She never charged me.
“You keep on doing what you do best as long as you can,” she was famous for the words. And it turned out
her advice about actively helping others was as good as her medical advice.
Obviously, we can’t all live as long as Dr. Denmark. But recent research has shown that volunteering provides a longevity boost similar to the effects of adding multiple servings of fruits and vegetables to your daily diet. Specifically, older adults who volunteer are at 24 percent less risk of early death. The positive impact of giving and volunteering on older people goes beyond that. According to the research, adults over 55 who give their time for others have an easier time with everyday tasks. Besides, volunteers experience 250 percent less cognitive decline leading to dementia (痴呆).
According to a new study in the Journal of Happiness Studies, people who volunteer report higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction. The study took it a second step and followed people who began volunteering—monitoring their responses from the time they started volunteering. The longer they volunteered and
the more they volunteered, the greater level of happiness they reported.
You may already be volunteering your time. But if you’re not, consider the charities you support. Think about
the skills you might be able to offer them. You are likely to be glad about what you do.
13 ．What can we infer about Denmark
A ．She retired at the age of 73. B ．She volunteered for 73 years.
C ．She was patient and professional. D ．She once forget to charge the author.
14 ．How many benefits of volunteering are mentioned in paragraph 4
A ．1. B ．2. C ．3. D ．4.
15 ．What does the author try to do in the last paragraph
A ．Seek support. B ．Advise about sharpening skills.
C ．Offer solutions. D ．Encourage people to volunteer.
16 ．What’s the text mainly about
A ．The kindness of a doctor. B ．The benefits of volunteering.
C ．The process of being a volunteer. D ．The struggle of child-raising.
5.（2024 届 ·甘肃白银一模）
China has built in Kunming City, Yunnan Province, the Germplasm ( 种 质 ) Bank of Wild Species, a comprehensive national database for the collection and preservation of wildlife germplasm resources. As of the end of 2020, the bank preserved 85,046 copies of 10,601 wild plant seeds for protecting wildlife germplasm resources. Preserving dried and frozen seeds, the bank provides technological support for the protection and research, makes
use of China’s wildlife germplasm resources, and plays a major part in international biodiversity conservation.
The importance of science and technology for biodiversity conservation is increasingly obvious. When remote sensor monitoring was not available, agricultural technicians had no choice but to go for field studies, which could barely meet the need for large-scale, fast and nondestructive ( 非破坏性 的) monitoring of crop conditions and timely prevention and control of diseases and pests. Nowadays, remote sensor monitoring has been applied in agricultural production in China, allowing agricultural technicians to analyze the movements of insect pests and evaluate plant diseases and insect pests by monitoring remotely the vegetation growth, coverage, surface
temperature, humidity and other indicators.
In the Internet era, information technology has made the processing of massive data possible and created wider and more convenient platforms for biodiversity conservation in China, including Chinese Virtual Herbarium, Plant Photo Bank of China, and National Animal Collection Resource Center. The emergence of databases and digital
programs in recent years is driving China to turn around its seriously threatened biodiversity.
From the collection and storage of information to the management and analysis of resources, the constantly improving biodiversity information network has realized the exploration and use of massive biodiversity data, providing a solid foundation for China’s biodiversity conservation and research. Biodiversity conservation and science and technology are inextricable. Only by making science and technology a strong support for biodiversity conservation can humankind guard the Earth and build a beautiful world of harmony among all beings on the
planet.
17 ．What can we learn about the bank from paragraph 1
A ．Its crisis. B ．Its administration. C ．Its role. D ．Its staff.
18 ．What do researchers hardly need to do with the help of remote sensor monitoring
A ．Evaluate plant diseases and insect pests.
B ．Go to fields to control the plant diseases.
C ．Analyze the tracks of the pests of plants.
D ．Satisfy the need to monitor crop conditions.
19 ．What does the underlined word “inextricable” in the last paragraph probably mean
A ．Linked. B ．Competitive. C ．Inadequate. D ．Inessential.
20 ．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A ．The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Develops Fast
B ．Technologies Promote Chinese Biodiversity Protection
C ．China Has Made Great Efforts to Process Massive Data
D ．Information Technology Contributes Much to Many Fields
6.（2024 届 ·甘肃张掖一模）
There was a time when the solar industry was considered dead money. It was too expensive, too inefficient,
and too inconsistent to be a good alternative energy source for anything, let alone your home or office.
But those days are long gone. Today, solar energy represents the future of our planet’s energy needs because
it’s cheap, efficient, consistent, and most importantly, clean.
Solar energy costs have dropped by more than 70% over the past 10 years, and solar energy is now cheaper
than fossil fuels in most parts of the United States. Let that sink in for a moment.
Better yet, the drivers of these cost declines—economies of scale and technological improvements powered by Moore’s Law and Wright’s Law-are lasting, and therefore, solar energy is going to get even cheaper. Indeed, these forces are so powerful in the solar industry that they have their own law-Swanson’s Law-which states that the price of solar modules (组件) decreases by about 20%for every doubling in global solar capacity.
For what it’s worth, the US Department of Energy believes solar costs can and will fall by another 60% in
2030. So, solar energy is the cheapest way to power things today.
Meanwhile, solar panels have become very efficient at turning light from the sun into usable energy. Back in 1992, researchers at the University of South Florida created a thin-film solar cell with 15.9% efficiency—and that was considered a breakthrough at the time. These days, though, your average silicon (硅) solar cells sport efficiency rates above 20%. That’s standard. And manufacturers have created prototypes ( 原 型 机) that are getting 30%
efficiency, while some research efforts have even managed to achieve near 50% efficiency in certain lab tests.
At the same time, these solar systems have become dramatically more consistent. One of the biggest disadvantages for solar energy in the early 2000s was its intermittency (间歇性) —the sun doesn’t shine every day,
so what do you do when it’s cloudy Well, that’s why big batteries exist.
21 ．What can we learn from paragraph 4
A ．The worldwide popularity of solar energy.
B ．The rapid increase in global solar capacity.
C ．The contents of Moore’s Law and Wright’s Law.
D ．The contributors to the decline in solar energy costs.
22 ．What is the purpose of the figures in paragraph 6
A ．To indicate the variety of solar cells.
B ．To prove the wide use of solar cells.
C ．To show the improvement of solar cells.
D ．To compare the size of different solar cells.
23 ．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of the solar industry
A ．Positive. B ．Doubtful. C ．Uncaring. D ．Worried.
24 ．What is most likely to be talked about next
A ．The wide use of solar power. B ．The alternative to solar power.
C ．The disadvantage of solar power. D ．The storage of solar power.
7.（2024 届 · 江西景德镇 · 统考一模）
It turns out our plants are just like us in some ways. We turn to medicines to relieve a minor flu or headache, and plants too have their ways of self-medicating. They protect themselves from environmental hazards like insects, drought and heat by producing salicylic acid (水杨酸). It is responsible for the anti-inflammatory action of
aspirin, a drug which has been used by humans for centuries to counter pain and inflammation.
Researchers have found that plants’ salicylic acid, which is produced in chloroplasts ( 叶绿体), is usually generated in response to the stress caused by climate change. “It’s like plants use a painkiller for aches and pains,
just like we do,” said plant biologist Wilhelmina van de ven from the University of California, River-side (U. C ．R)
“We’d like to be able to use the finding to improve crop resistance (作物抗性),” said U. C ． R.plant geneticist
Jin-Zheng Wang. “That will be crucial for the food supply in our increasingly hot, bright world.”
Human skin produces ROS (Reactive oxygen species) ( 活性氧) in the absence of sunscreen. This causes freckles and burns. Similarly, environmental stresses result in the formation of ROS in plants which, at high levels,
can cause death.
At low levels, however, ROS serves an essential function in plant cells. “ROS is a double-edged sword,” said Wang. “At non-lethal levels, ROS are like an emergency call to action, enabling the production of protective hormones ( 激素) such as salicylic acid.” The acid then acts to protect the plants’ chloroplasts, known to be the site
of photosynthesis.
“With climate change, things like salicylic acid: helping plants stand up to stresses have become more common. So, being able to increase plants’ ability to produce it represents a step forward in challenging the impacts
of climate change on everyday life,” said Katayoon Dehesh, UCR professor of molecular biochemistry.
“Those impacts go beyond our food. Plants being in trouble are a sign of what the future holds for us,” she continued. “Plants clean our air by removing the carbon dioxide from it while also offering us shade, and providing habitats for numerous animals. For humankind, the benefits of boosting plants’ ability to survive are becoming
increasingly essential.”
25 ．What is the main function of salicylic acid in plants
A ．To secure plants. B ．To produce chloroplasts.
C ．To relieve pain and inflammation. D ．To generate hormones.
26 ．What is the main cause of ROS formation in plants
A ．Lack of sunscreen. B ．Chloroplastic acid.
C ．Environmental stresses. D ．Use of Photosynthesis.
27 ．What is the main goal of the researchers at UCR
A ．To explore the history and significance of aspirin in human medicine.
B ．To invent a device that can make plants do self-medicating.
C ．To compare the differences between plants and humans in self-medicating.
D ．To improve crop resistance by increasing plants’ ability to produce salicylic acid.
28 ．What is the text mainly about
A ．Plants can be improved to resist environmental hazards.
B ．Plants produce their own aspirin to cope with stress.
C ．Plants and humans share some common features and needs.
D ．Plants contribute to the well-being of humans and animals.
8.（2024 届 · 江西萍乡一模）
Some people get more averse to risk as the years go by. Not so Gail MacCallum, who at age 40 quit a secure
job and left the city to explore more possibilities of life.
MacCallum moved quite a bit in childhood and spent her formative years outside Canberra in a farmhouse without electricity, where she enjoyed the freedom of the natural world. In her teens, she and her family moved into
the heart of inner-city Sydney, and she found she adored that too.
In 2015, MacCallum and her then partner had a daughter, Amelia. They wanted to make sure that despite being a city kid, Amelia had plenty of natural encounters so they sought out places to climb trees, watch lizards and spot turtles. But one day MacCallum realised her little girl was more at ease with busy streets than bushland. “When she was about seven, we were visiting a friend whose place had a beautiful lawn. Amelia called out to me and said, ‘I can’t go into the wild!’ We decided we had to let her experience a wider world and two months later we
were in a camper van heading off around Australia.”
MacCallum admits she felt worried. “I thought we’d need to know some basic things but the trip was like a leap in the dark. ” As it happened, the van they’d bought broke down just 90 minutes into the trip. But after repairs they set off again and travelled the country for six months, during which Amelia became an enthusiastic adventurer. “That trip helped me understand that success doesn’t have to be assured,” MacCallum says. “I realised that you can
start something and just work it out as you go along.”
29 ．What does the underlined word in paragraph 1 mean
A ．Motivated. B ．Confident. C ．Unwilling. D ．Regretful.
30 ．What do we know about MacCallum
A ．She is a person in favor of stability.
B ．She preferred the inner city to the rural area.
C ．Her love for nature was rooted in her childhood.
D ．She knew much about long-distance travelling.
31 ．What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A ．Amelia was raised in a casual way.
B ．Amelia was a nature enthusiast just like her parents.
C ．MacCallum and her partner planned the trip separately.
D ．MacCallum expected her daughter to be close to nature.
32 ．Which words can best describe their trip
A ．Costly but satisfying. B ．Eventful but educational.
C ．Boring but meaningful. D ．Difficult but romantic.
9.（2024 届 · 江西萍乡一模）
Late nights, early starts, nightmares, anxiety, children ... there are so many things that can cut into our
shut-eye. When does that threaten our health — and what can we do about it
To start with the basics: if you are getting anywhere from seven to nine hours a night, you’re probably fine. But you should certainly get concerned with consistently sleeping less than seven hours a night, and really concerned if it dropped to six or below. “If you are waking up a lot in the night, this will impact the quantity and quality of your sleep, which can lead to harm in your immune system, impairment in gut (肠道) health and many other side-effects,” says Christopher Barker, a personal trainer and sleep management adviser. “It may be an indicator of a sleep disorder or another underlying health condition — if you’re concerned about any of these
issues, it’s worth talking to your doctor.”
So what is your best bet for catching some quality Zs Well, start during the day. Try to expose yourself to sunlight during the day to keep your circadian rhythms on track. Physical activity can also help: sleep and exercise have a bidirectional relationship. In a 2022 poll, participants who undertook vigorous physical activity tended to
fall asleep faster, woke up less during the night and woke up feeling refreshed, compared with non-exercisers.
When it’s time for bed, make sure you turn in at a reasonably consistent hour, and keep your sleep hygiene in shape. “You should try to keep your weekend routine within one to two hours of your weekday one, and keep them highly consistent,” says Barker. “I’d also suggest keeping your bedroom free of electronics, and keep it cool and dark. I often work with athletes, and one of the first things I ask them to do is activate their devices’ night mode, which cuts down on the emission of blue light that can impede sleep. Ideally, stay off all of your devices for an
hour before bed.”
Oh, and taking a deep breath really can work: there is evidence that it activates your parasympathetic nervous system (副交感神经系统) and winds you down.
33 ．Why does the author mention “so many things” in the first paragraph
A ．To introduce the topic. B ．To make comparisons.
C ．To support his/her argument. D ．To seek opinions.
34 ．What may be an indicator of a sleep disorder
A ．Deep breath. B ．Gut discomfort.
C ．Sufficient bedtime. D ．Sleep consistency.
35 ．How can we get quality Zs
A ．Exercise regularly. B ．Work with athletes.
C ．Keep weekends busy. D ．Activate digital devices.
36 ．What’s the text mainly about
A ．Stress from a poor sleep.
B ．Trend of sleeping less at night.
C ．Bad habits that threaten our health.
D ．Ways to get a consistent good sleep.
10.（2024 届 · 江西萍乡一模）
Imagine you’re out for an evening stroll in a foreign city, looking to find a restaurant for dinner. If you’re like most people, you will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners because its popularity is bound to reflect
on the quality of food and service. But is this true
Naturally copying other people’s thoughts or choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd behaviour”. It is a frequent occurrence among humans as well as many other animals, a common example
being sheep. Herding can appear to make a lot of sense. After all, there’s “safety in numbers” .
Psychology research suggests that the phenomenon relies on the existence of social connections or patterns between individuals as well as specific mechanisms of passing on information. A key prerequisite ( 前提) is the human ability to “mentalise”, which means being able to read and interpret someone else’s mental state and using
the information to explain their choices.
Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which emerges when the judgement of individual group members are independently collected to produce an average opinion, herd behavior typically rely on so-called “information cascades (信息瀑布) ”, where people take on others’ beliefs or copy their choices without critically assessing the underlying reasons. This frequently leads to the imitation of irrational (不理性的) or simply stupid behaviors. Consequently, herding can have many undesirable outcomes, including unfavorable influences on
consumer choices, like in the restaurant example above.
However, it seems there is no quick and easy fix to resist the lure of herd behaviour. Instead, long-term attitude changes may be necessary, which could involve individuals adopting more critical approaches towards
their peers’ opinion, and questioning others’ behavior as opposed to blindly following them.
37 ．Which of the following can be called “herd behaviour”
A ．Choosing the most crowded restaurant to dine in.
B ．Asking friends for suggestions when in confusion.
C ．Running out immediately when the fire bell rings.
D ．Analyzing a product carefully before buying it.
38 ．An important condition for herd behaviour lies in .
A ．explaining life patterns
B ．understanding social connections
C ．comprehending others’ mental state
D ．sharing information among individuals
39 ．What leads to the herd behaviour
A ．Wisdom of crowds. B ．Uncertain outcomes.
C ．Lack of rational analyses. D ．Enough individual opinions.
40 ．How can people avoid the the herd behaviour
A ．Never follow the trend. B ．Keep a questioning mind.
C ．Say no to any popular events. D ．Stand opposite against the public.
11.（2024 届 · 吉林 · 统考一模）
A revolution has recently taken place in behavioural biology. Its consequences are far-reaching, both for our self-image as humans and for our relationship with animals. Just a few decades ago, behavioural science was guided by two key beliefs: animals cannot think, and no scientific statements can be made about their emotions. Today, the same discipline holds both ideas to be false and assumes the very opposite: animals of some species are capable of insight – they can recognize themselves in a mirror and exhibit at least a basic sense of self-awareness –
and they have rich emotional lives that seem to be amazingly similar to those of humans.
Indeed, the transformation of the concept of the animal in modern behavioural biology has been fundamental. This has been confirmed by the death of a third belief: for decades, it was taught that animals behave for the good of their species. Today we know this is not the case. Rather, animals do everything to ensure that copies of their own genes are passed to the next generation with maximum efficiency and, when necessary, they will also kill
conspecifics. Clearly, they are not, as Jane Goodall had once famously hoped, ‘like us, but better’ .
The border between humans and animals is also beginning to blur in other areas. Certain aspects of the social environment can cause stress for both humans and animals, while other similar factors can relieve it. Indeed, animal behaviour does not develop in a fixed manner: environmental influences, socialisation, and learning can change an animal from the prenatal phase (胎儿期) through adulthood. Like humans, animals ultimately appear individualised
upon closer inspection.
However, such similarities across genes, brain structure, and the endocrine ( 内 分 泌 的 ) system do not automatically imply similarities concerning thoughts, feelings, and behaviour. To better understand these characteristics, we need to look at specific studies in both animals and humans. In the case of animals, such studies
take place within the field of behavioural biology, which was properly defined by one of the fathers of the
discipline, the Nobel Prize winner Nikolaas Tinbergen, as ‘the study of behaviour by biological methods’ .
41 ．According to the new research, some animals .
A ．possess rich emotions. B ．can hardly recognize themselves.
C ．can show little self-awareness. D ．are incapable of understanding.
42 ．It can be inferred that animals’ behavioural actions are mainly driven by .
A ．their desire to protect their species.
B ．their ability to recognize themselves in mirrors.
C ．their urge to guarantee the gene transmission.
D ．their eagerness to be socially interacted.
43 ．Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 3
A ．There’s a clear distinction between humans and animals.
B ．Social environment may have an impact on animal behavior.
C ．Animals will eventually become standardized.
D ．Learning alone can shape animal behaviour altogether.
44 ．Which of the following titles best summarizes the article
A ．Evolution of Views in Behavioral Biology: Typical Human, Typical Animal
B ．The Emotional Lives of Animals: A Study of Similarities and Differences with Humans
C ．Understanding the Blurred Boundaries: The Human – Animal Connection in Modern Science
D ．Past and Present: How Behavioral Biology Views Animals
12.（2024 届 · 吉林 · 统考一模）
Behind the Mask
Wearing the face of Patih Manis, a character in Bali’s dance dramas, means more than simply putting on a
tapel, or mask.
“When you dance with a tapel and perform its character, you undergo a transformation,”says I Made Bandem, a scholar and teacher of Balinese arts – and a dancer for seven decades. “You must’marry’that mask and make ritual (仪式) offerings to create unity between yourself and the tapel. Many dancers will sleep with the mask beside
them, so that they can learn its true character.”
Hand – carved tapel are essential to Topeng Pajegan and Topeng Panca, dance dramas often held at temple festivals and family rituals across this Indonesian island. The masks, along with delicate costumes, music that makes you sleep, and staccato movements – sometimes only of the fingers – have attracted Balinese audiences since the 17th century. The stories staged in Pajegan and Panca tell the history of the Balinese people, and the characters never change: Their appearance, movements, roles, and even the order in which they emerge remain the same. Yet in spite of this structure, topeng leave room for a great deal of artistic freedom. With no written text and no required musical arrangement, the entire performance which can last around four hours will be an improvisation
– dancers and musicians drawing signals from one another.
It’s believed that every mask used for performance has a spirit. And if the correct offerings and taboos have been observed and the dancers have devoted themselves to mental, physical, and spiritual training, then during a
dance drama their bodies will become a medium for the tapel’s spirit.
“A dancer strives to achieve taksu, which is a combination of presence, power, and passion, ”says Bandem.“This is what we pray for before we perform; it is through taksu that we bring the ancestors and their
stories to life.”
45 ．What can we learn about tapel from the first two paragraphs
A ．Tapel refers to a character’s name.
B ．Tapel is supposed to be with the dancers all along.
C ．Tapel builds a bridge between the dancer and the true character.
D ．Tapel experiences dramatic changes when worn by a dancer.
46 ．All the following can attract the audience at the dance dramas mentioned except .
A ．Well-designed costumes. B ．Balinese stories. C．Uplifting music. D．Artistic freedom.
47 ．Which one can better explain the meaning of “improvisation” in the third paragraph
A ．A performance created casually. B ．A performance with full preparation.
C ．A performance given perfectly terribly. D ．A performance without deliberate preparation.
48 ．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A ．Taksu is a Balinese dancer’s pursuit. B ．The story behind the mask.
C ．Tapel’s spirit is impossible to overlook. D ．Taksu is a medium to connect the past and the present.
13.（2024 届 · 吉林长春 · 统考一模）
For all of human history, eating meat has meant killing animals. But scientists behind lab-grown meat say
that’s no longer necessary. They produce meat by growing cells obtained from an animal’s body.
Lab-grown meat, also called “cell-cultivated” or “cultured” meat, is made by feeding a mix of nutrients to animal cells in steel tanks in labs. The idea is to create an alternative to agriculturally raised meat. And unlike other meat substitutes which are made from plant proteins and other ingredients, lab-grown meat is real meat. When ready, the meat is formed into shapes such as sausages or nuggets (块), and looks, smells and tastes like any other
grocery store version,
Recently, the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has given two companies approval
to sell lab-grown chicken. The approval launches a new era of meat production aimed at eliminating harm to animals, and reducing the environmental impacts of grazing (放牧) and growing feed for animals. Scientists warn that the typical way meat is produced now, in concentrated animal feeding operations, is a risk factor for the emergence of diseases. Lab-grown meat is more sustainable and can be produced without antibiotics, and without
producing greenhouse gas emissions linked to animal agriculture.
“Everything we know about how meat can be made is going to change. But don’t expect to see cultivated meat in grocery stores just yet,” said Uma Valeti, CEO of UPSIDE Foods. Lab-grown chicken is much more expensive,
because it cannot yet be produced on the scale of traditional meat.
“To make cultivated meat, energy use needs are high,” said Bruce Friedrich, president and founder of the Good Food Institute, a nonprofit group that promotes alternative proteins. However, the disadvantage of high
energy needs will be offset by the reduction in land and water use and other benefits. If cultured meat is produced
on a large scale, it could also offer a solution to feeding the world’s growing population.
49 ．What do we know about lab-grown meat
A ．It is abundant in plant proteins.
B ．It can be bought in grocery stores.
C ．It is generated from animals’ cells.
D ．It tastes more delicious than traditional meat.
50 ．What is the potential benefit of lab-grown meat
A ．Higher safety for eating.
B ．Lower costs for restaurants.
C ．Improvements in traditional agriculture.
D ．Positive impacts on climate change and animals.
51 ．What problem does the author mention in paragraph 4
A ．It is hard to produce lab-grown meat in quantity.
B ．The USDA doesn’t approve the sale of lab-grown meat.
C ．Many people raise doubts about the safety of lab-grown meat.
D ．Lab-grown meat can disturb competition in the meat industry.
52 ．What does the underlined word “offset” in the last paragraph mean
A ．Balanced. B ．Satisfied. C ．Increased. D ．Exchanged.
14.（2024 届 · 吉林长春 · 统考一模）
It’s a race against time, as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite erosion(侵
蚀) by sand and wind.
The team is dedicated to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals( 壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of which spans about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century. The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over centuries on the ancient Silk Road. “Our work, repairing murals and painted sculptures, is to better preserve the caves, which promotes the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness to the world and inspires modern people,” says Su Bomin,
director of the Dunhuang Academy.
Commonly seen “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking (剥落), as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity of the caves, and the deposition of salts. To restore a mural requires an all-rounder. Restorers should know painting, master the skills of a mason and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics, to be able to recognize the problems and their corresponding causes and deliver a solution. They must also select proper materials and tools, and conduct experiments, before formally carrying out the
restoration and evaluating the effect afterward.
The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo of the murals rather than repainting them. When the restorers find some parts of murals missing or fading away, they never repaint them to create a “perfect” appearance in restoration. “Cultural relics are witnesses of history,” explains Su.“When you pursue the so-called intact(完好无损的) look for artistic reasons, you will lose their key meaning.”
Cave conservation is about continuously solving problems. “It needs a long-term research to better preserve
the caves, over a much wider time span that goes beyond our lifetimes,” Su says. But at least, they can keep the
existing look of the murals for as long as possible.
53 ．What is the main purpose of paragraph 2
A ．To show the popularity of Dunhuang murals.
B ．To explain the history of the ancient Silk Road.
C ．To stress the significance of the restoration work.
D ．To present the ways of protecting cultural heritage.
54 ．Which of the following best describes the restoration work
A ．Creative. B ．Well-paid.
C ．Interesting. D ．Demanding.
55 ．What should restoring murals focus on according to paragraph 4
A ．Spotting the faded murals in time.
B ．Fixing the missing parts of murals.
C ．Making preservation of the murals as they are.
D ．Repainting to perfect the appearance of murals.
56 ．What can be a suitable title for the text
A ．The Artistic Charm of Mural Paintings.
B ．The Mural Restoration in the Mogao Caves.
C ．The Successful Experiment on Cave Conservation.
D ．The Role of the Dunhuang Spirit in Chinese Culture.
15.（2024 届 · 吉林一模）
An environmental group in Colombia is leading a project to save wild areas in the San Lucas Mountains with
the help of coffee growers.
Since 2016, San Lucas areas have been threatened by mining and coca (古柯) planting Gold miners and coca growers make more money than coffee farms. Now the group WebConserva helps link coffee farmers with coffee processors from around the country in order that they can earn more. At the same time coffee farms can serve as
boarders around the forests to protect the biodiversity within.
To date, the project includes 10 families who farm 400 hectares of coffee plants. WebConserva said it hopes, in time, 200 families will be included. At that level. 20,000 hectares of untouched forest could be protected. The families promise not to cut down trees to expand their crops or to hunt wild animals. In return, they receive $300
for 125 kilograms of coffee.
Arcadio Barajas is among those taking part. His coffee farm sets up a barrier between cattle farms and forests where wild animals live, thus reducing the possibility of conflict between cattle farmers and wild animals. “Cutting down the forest to plant coca and killing wildlife were against my faith, and now I feel that growing coffee lets me
be a good guard of the land,” he said.
Amnobis Romero is a former coca grower and miner. “Many families depended on illegal activities to support
their children years ago. Now, we feel it a duty to look after this biodiversity and leave it for future generations,” he said. Activists want San Luvas to be protected as a national park, but the process has been slow. Carlos Valderrama, director of Webconserva, hopes the project can build production system that will last far into the future. “It protects forests, biodiversity and ecosystems at the same time as improving coffee growers’ quality of
life,” he said.
57 ．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A ．Coffee farmers.
B ．WebConserva members.
C ．Gold miners.
D ．Coca growers.
58 ．How does WebConserva members save wild areas in San Lucas
A ．By increasing cattle farms.
B ．By setting up a barrier.
C ．Ry developing gold mining.
D ．By encouraging coffee farming.
59 ．What does the author intend to show by mentioning Arcadio Barajas and Arnobis Romero
A ．Families have enough money for their kids.
B ．Coffee planting will last for several generations.
C ．Coffee farming changed the former coca growers’ lives.
D ．The project benefit the forests more than the local farmers.
60 ．What can be inferred from the text
A ．Families protecting wildlife will get very rich.
B ．WebConserva benefits ecosystems and local people’s life.
C ．Gold mining and coca farming have been replaced rapidly.
D ．San Lucas will develop into a national park in the near future.
16.（2024·吉林一模）
As the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has gone global, we’ve watched professionals fail as they try to improve their emotional intelligence because they either don’t know where to focus their efforts or they haven’t understood how to improve these skills on a practical level. In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if you’re looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve and then to actively build habits in
those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.
The first step is to get a sense of how your self-perception (how you see yourself) differs from your reputation (how others see you). This is especially true for the development of EI because we can be blind to how we express
and read the emotional components of our interactions. For example, most of us think that we’re good listeners, but
very often that’s really not the case. Without this external reality check, it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance. Getting teed back from others can also provide proof of the
necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so.
To give you the best sense of where the differences lie between your self-perception and reputation, you should use a 360-degree feedback assessment that takes into account the multiple aspects of EI. The key is to find one to give you feedback, which is focused on development and not on performance assessment. And that can give
you a detailed understanding of how other people’s assessments of you differ from your own assessments.
Secondly, when you get your feedback from an assessment, let that inform what you want to improve. But also consider what your goals are. When it comes to cultivating strengths in emotional intelligence, you’re at a huge disadvantage if you’re only interested because others say you should be. Your emotional intelligence is so tied up in your sense of self that being intrinsically (内在的) motivated to make the effort matters more when changing
longstanding habits than it does when simply learning a skill.
That means the areas that you choose to actively work on should lie at the intersection of the feedback you’ve gotten and the areas that are most important to your own aspirations (抱负). Understanding the influences of your current EI habits relative to your goals will keep you going over a long period at time as you do the work or
strengthening your emotional intelligence.
61 ．What do we know from the first paragraph
A ．EI can be better improved with others’ help.
B ．Leaders are badly in need of improving their EI.
C ．EI plays a key role in professional development.
D ．Professionals fail to understand the concepts of EI.
62 ．According to the passage, which of the following is an “external reality check”
A ．You help your siblings make a key decision.
B ．Your career development speeds up with others’ help.
C ．You reflected yourself and made a New Year resolution.
D ．Your teacher directed you towards a better attitude in study.
63 ．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4
A ．To improve your EI, following your inner call is the most reliable.
B ．It’s bard for others to know your EI because it hides deep inside.
C ．To improve your EI, you should take your goals into consideration.
D ．Acquiring a new skill is more significant than improving your EI.
64 ．Which of the following might the author agree with
A ．Your inner self discourages you from improving your EI.
B ．Effective EI development is determined by different factors.
C ．The importance of performance assessment is underestimated.
D ．EI development is unlikely to happen unless you know what EI is.阅读理解
（说明文）
1.（2024 届 ·广西玉林一模）
Tariq Qaiser, an architect, is trying to protect mangroves (红树林). The trees could save Pakistan’s largest city Karachi, sitting on the Arabian Sea, from natural disaster. He comes to Bundal Island several times a week to document the illegal cutting of mangrove trees. Very often, “You can’t hear a single bird because the chain saws are so loud. The trees are cut down illegally for firewood,” he says, shaking his head. Besides, developers clear the
mangroves to make room for construction.
Karachi has a hot climate, and its concrete buildings and paved roads make it even hotter. Offshore, there are islands where mangroves grow. They could be the key to slowing climate change. Mangrove forests pull carbon dioxide out of the air, holding four times as much of the planet-warming gas as other forests can. They support diverse ecosystems. As sea levels rise with global warming, the trees could play a big role in protecting coastal cities like Karachi from flooding. Karachi’s mangroves are disappearing. But its numbers are rising in other parts of Pakistan. With replanting efforts, the country has tripled (三倍于) its mangrove coverage over the past 30 years .
Qaiser’s work may have worked. Recently, a court in Karachi declared Bundal Island’s mangroves to be protected forests. But unforested parts of the island remain unprotected, and developers want to build there. City officials say this could provide much-needed housing and bring in billions of dollars. They claim that some of that
money could be used to plant mangroves in other parts of Pakistan.
Ecologist Rafiul Haq appreciates Qaiser’s “extraordinary work” educating the public about mangroves. But he wishes Qaiser would look at the bigger picture. “Only 7% of Pakistan’s mangroves are in Karachi,” Haq says. He thinks it’s wrong to focus on the losses in 7% of the country while ignoring the success in 93% of it. But Qaiser
believes it’s important to protect every bit.
1 ．What do we know about Karachi’s mangroves
A ．They occupy the building land. B ．They’re home to various birds.
C ．They’re primarily being used as firewood.D ．They protect the city from climate catastrophe.
2 ．Why are efforts made to conserve the mangrove trees
A ．Their birthplaces meet crisis. B ．They boast huge diversity.
C ．Their bonds with nature are close. D ．They grow at a rapid speed.
3 ．What does the Karachi government plan to do
A ．Grow mangroves in other areas. B ．Destroy buildings to grow mangroves.
C ．Build more mangrove reserves. D ．Use mangroves to make profit.
4 ．What does Haq think of Qaiser’s work on Karachi’s mangroves
A ．Challenging. B ．Effective. C ．Insignificant. D ．Partial.
(
【答案】
1
．
D
2
．
C 3
．
A
4
．
D
)
(
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了对巴基斯坦最大城市卡拉奇红树林的保护措施。
1
．细节理解题。根据第一段
“The trees co
uld save Pakistan’s largest city Karachi,
sitting
on the
Arabian
Sea,
from
natural disaster. (
这些树木
可以使位于阿拉伯海的巴基斯坦最大城市卡拉奇免遭自然灾害。
)”
可知， 它们保护
城市免受气候灾难。故选
D
。
2
．推理判断题。根据第二段
“Offshore, there are islands where mangroves g
row. They could be the
key
to
slowing
climate change. Mangrove forests pull carbon dioxide out of
the
air, holding
four times
as
much
of
the
planet-warming gas as other forests can. They
su
pport
diverse
ecosystems. As
sea
levels rise with
global
warming,
the trees could play a big role in protecting coastal cities like Kara
chi
from
flooding.
(
在近海，有红树林生长的岛
屿。它们可能是减缓气候变化的关键。红树林从空气中吸收二氧化碳，其吸收的温室气体是其他
森林的四
倍。它们支持不同的生态系统。随着全球变暖导致海平面上升，这些树木可以在保护卡拉奇等沿
海城市免
受洪水侵袭方面发挥重要作用。
)”
由此判断，
红树
林科院减缓气候变化，
且能吸收很多的二氧化碳，
在很多
方面保护着城市，故保护红树林是因为它们与自然的紧密联系。故选
C
。
3
．细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句
“City officials say this could provide much-needed housing and bring in
billions
of
dollars
.
They
claim
that
some
of
that
money
could
be
used
to
plant
mangroves
in
other
parts
of
Pakistan
.
(
市政府官员表示，这可以提供急需的住房，并带来数十亿美元的收入。他们声称，其中一些钱可以用来在
巴基斯坦其他地区种植红树林。
)”
可知，政府官员会在其
他的地方种植红树林。故选
A
。
4
．推理判断题。根据最后一段
““Only 7% of
Pakistan’s mangroves are in Karachi,” Haq
says. He
thinks
it’s
wrong
to focus on the losses in 7% of
the
country while
ignoring
the
succes
s
in
93%
of
it.
But
Qaiser believes
it’s
important to protect every bit. (Haq
说：
“
巴基斯坦只有
7%
的红树林在卡拉奇。
”
他认为关注全国
7%
的损失而
忽视
93
％的成功是错误的。但是
Qaiser
认为保护每一处都很重要。
)”
可知，
Haq
认为不能只关注到失败的
而不关注成功的方面，但
Qaiser
认为就算是再小的区域
都要兼顾到，因此
Haq
认为
Qaiser
对于卡拉奇红树
林工作成果的想法的认识是片面的，不全面的。故选
D
。
)
2.（2024 届 ·广西玉林一模）
It’s well-known that humor can benefit us both physically and mentally. The idea that laughter is the best medicine has been around since ancient times. In his 1905 book, Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious, Sigmund Freud argued that humor is the highest of the psyche’s defense mechanism ( 机制), capable of turning
anxiety into pleasure.
There are four humor styles. Affiliative humor refers to jokes about things that might be commonly considered funny, which is usually employed to improve relationships or make others laugh. If you’ve ever shared a funny picture with a coworker, you’ve used affiliative humor. Self-enhancing humor involves being able to laugh at yourself, often used as a way for you to deal with stress or difficulties and feel better as a result. Aggressive humor is laughing at the expense of others, which often involves sarcasm ( 讽刺), teasing, and criticism. Self-defeating humor is the art of putting yourself down to gain favor from your peers, which is possibly used by someone who’s
targeted by bullies.
Each style of humor actually carries a different influence, when it comes to mental health. Julie Aitken
Schermer, a psychological researcher at The University of Western Ontario, says people using self-enhancing humor are less likely to show signs of loneliness and poor relationships with others. By contrast, both aggressive and self-defeating humor styles can hint at trouble. “We find that self-defeating humor is the most concerning style as it is also linked with loneliness and feelings of not mattering. Those with an aggressive humor style may not experience loneliness as much, however, since they rely on group dynamics (群体动力) in order to make fun of
their peers,” says Schermer.
Even if you tend to favor more negative humor styles, there’s no reason to lose heart. Schermer says people can develop a positive, self-enhancing humor style by concentrating on the lighter and more humorous aspects of life. As author Kurt Vonnegut once wrote, “Laughter and tears are both responses to worries and anxieties. I prefer
to laugh, since there is less cleaning up to do afterward.”
5 ．Why is Sigmund Freud’s book mentioned in Paragraph 1
A ．To show the importance of mental health. B ．To stress the role of humor.
C ．To persuade people to stay positive. D ．To introduce ancient jokes to us.
6 ．According to the text, which kind of humor may you use to relieve pressure
A ．Affiliative humor. B ．Self-enhancing humor.
C ．Aggressive humor. D ．Self-defeating humor.
7 ．What does the underlined phrase “hint at” probably mean in the third paragraph
A ．Signal. B ．Explain. C ．Prevent. D ．Solve.
8 ．Which of the following will Kurt Vonnegut probably agree with
A ．Humor is difficult to control. B ．Crying is a good way of relief.
C ．Humor is a double-edged sword. D ．Laughter is the best cure for stress.
(
【答案】
5
．
B
6
．
B
7
．
A
8
．
D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一本书
——
Jokes and Their Relation to the
Unconscious
，介绍了四种不
同的幽默类型。
5
．推理判断题。根据第一段
“It’s well-known that humor can benefit us both physically and mentally. The idea that
laughter is the best medicine has been around since ancient
times. In his
1905 book,
Jokes and
Their Relation to
the
Unconscious
,
Sigmund Freud argued that humor is the highest of
the psyche’s defense mec
hanism (
机制
),
capable
of
turning anxiety into pleasure.(
众所周知，幽默对我们的身心都有好处。笑是最好的良药这一观点自古以来
就存在。西格蒙德
·
弗洛伊德在他
1905
年出版的《笑话及其与无意识的关系》一书中认为，
幽默是心灵的最
高防御机制，能够将焦虑转化为快乐
)”
可知，第一段提
到这本书是为了强调幽默的作用。故选
B
。
6
．细节理解题。根据第二段
“Self-enhancing humor involves being able to laugh at yourself,
often used
as
a way
for
you to deal with stress or difficulties and feel better
as
a
result.(
自我提
升的幽默包括能够自嘲，通常是你处理压
力或困难的一种方式，结果感觉更好
)”
可知，用于缓
解压力的是自我提升式幽默，故选
B
。
7
．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文
“Julie Aitken
Schermer, a psychological researcher at The University o
f
Western
Ontario, says people using self-enhancing humor are less likely to
show
signs
of
lon
eliness
and poor relationships
)
(
with others.(
西安大略大学的心理学研究员
Jul
ie Aitken
Schermer
说，
使用自我提升式幽默的人不太可能表现
出孤独和与他人关系不佳的迹象
)”
以及
“By contrast, both aggressive and self-
defeating humor styles”
可知，使用
自我提升式幽默的人不太可能表现出孤独和
与他人关系不好的迹象。相比之下，攻击性和自我挫败的幽默
风格都可能暗示出麻烦，故划线词意思是
“
暗示
”
。故选
A
。
8
．推理判断题。根据第四段
“Laughter and tears are both responses to worries and anxieties.
I prefer to
laugh,
since
there is less cleaning up to do afterward.(
笑和哭都是对担心和焦虑的反应。我更喜欢笑， 因为笑完之后要做的
清理工作少了
)”
可知，
Kurt Vonnegut
更喜欢笑， 可得出他可能同意
“
笑是治疗压力的最好方法
”
这一观点
。故
选
D
。
)
3.（2024 届 ·广西北海一模）
Construction of Project Nexus is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2023. The 5-megawatt project will
consist of three sites along canals in central California with widths ranging from 20 feet to 100 feet.
If the pilot project proves solar canopies( 檐篷) are a cost-effective way to produce clean energy and save water, scores of similar installations could be built atop California’s canal network-one of the world’s largest water
distribution systems.
“This is a really exciting project,” California Natural Resources Secretary Wade Crowfoot said last month. “It connects our efforts in California to improve water conservation and build drought resilience(抗旱能力) with the
clean energy transition we're driving across California.”
Project Nexus was inspired by a 2021 study by University of California researchers that was published in the journal Nature Sustainability. Typically, 1%to 2% of the water that circulates through California's canals evaporates(蒸发), a number that is expected to increase due to the climate crisis.
Using data from satellites, climate models, and automated weather stations, the peer-reviewed study estimated that covering all of the approximately 4, 000 miles of California’s canals could extremely reduce evaporation, saving 63 billion gallons of water annually —comparable to the amount of water required to irrigate 50, 000 acres
of farmland or meet the water needs of more than 2 million people.
Governor Gavin Newson has allocated additional funds to help local communities cope with water scarcity and encourage Californians to use less water. “Research and common sense tell us that in an age of intensifying drought, it's time to put a lid on evaporation,” said Jordan Harris, CEO of Solar AquaGrid, the company that is
building the solar canopies.
The study found solar canals would be able to generate 13 gigawatts of clean power, equal to approximately
one-sixth of the state's current installed solar capacity. This additional generation could help California achieve its
goal of supplying at least 60% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030 and 100% by 2045.
9 ．What is the purpose of Project Nexus
A ．To enlarge the canal network throughout California.
B ．To improve the quality of water used by local people.
C ．To produce as much power as possible for California.
D ．To help preserve California's declining water resources.
10 ．Where did the inspiration of Project Nexus come from
A ．A study published in a magazine. B ．A clean water distribution system.
C ．A peer-reviewed study evaluation. D ．A sudden thought of the researchers.
11 ．How does the author show the benefit brought by Project Nexus
A ．By making a comparison. B ．By listing scientific data.
C ．By clarifying the process. D ．By explaining the reasons.
12 ．What is the main idea of the text
A ．Climate change has a great effect on the water conservation.
B ．Large amounts of clean water were produced by Project Nexus.
C ．Project Nexus is the first-ever solar panel development in the world.
D ．California's “solar canals” will save water and produce clean energy.
(
【答案】
9
．
D 10
．
A 11
．
B 12
．
D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了节约用水
并生产清洁能源的加州
“
太阳能运河
”
项目。
9
．推理判断题。根据第二段
“If
the pilot project proves solar canopies(
檐篷
) are a cost-effec
tive way to produce
clean energy and save water, scores of
similar installations
could be built
atop
California’s
canal
networ
k-one
of
the
world’s largest water distribution systems.(
如果这个试点项目证明太阳能顶篷是一种生产清洁能源和节
约用水
的经济有效的方式，那么许多类似的装置将被建在加利福尼亚的运河网络上
——
世界上最大的供水系
统之
一。
)”
可知，
Nexus
项目的目的是帮助保护加州日益减少的水资
源。故选
D
项。
10
．细节理解题。根据第四段中
“Project Nexus was inspired by a 2021 study by University
of
C
alifornia researchers
that was published in the
journal
Nature Sustainability
. (Nexus
项目的灵感来自加州大学研究人员
2021
年发表
在《自然可持续发展》杂志上的一项研究。
)”
可知，
Nexus
项目的灵感来自发表在杂志上的一项研究。故选
A
项。
11
．推理判断题。根据第五段
“Using da
ta from satellites, climate models, and
automated weather
stations, the
peer-reviewed study estimated that covering all of
the approximately
4,
000
miles
of
California’s
canals
could
extremely
reduce
evaporation
,
saving
63
billion
gallons
of
water
annually
—
comparable
to
the
amount
of
water
required to irrigate 50, 000 acres of
far
mland or
meet
the
water needs
of
more
than
2
million people.
(
利用卫星、气
候模型和自动气象站的数据，
同行评议的研究估计，
覆盖加州所有大约
4000
英
里的运河可以极大地减少蒸
发，
每年节省
630
亿加仑的水
——
相当于灌溉
5
万英亩农田或满足
200
多万人的用水需求。
)”
可知， 作者列
举科学数据来展示
Nexus
项目带来的好处。故选
B
项。
12
．主旨大意题。通读全文，
根据第二段
“If
the pilot project proves solar canopies(
檐篷
) are a cost-effective
way
to produce clean energy and save water, scores
of
similar installations
could b
e built
atop
California’s
canal
network-one of
the world’s largest water distribution systems. (
如果这个试点项目证明太阳能檐篷是一种生
产清
洁能源和节约用水的经济有效的方式，那么许多类似的装置将被
建在加利福尼亚的运河网络上
——
世界上
最大的供水系统之一。
)”
等内容可知，本文主要介绍了节约用水并生产清洁能源的加州
“
太阳能运河
”
项目。
)
(
故选
D
项。
)
4.（2024 届 ·甘肃白银一模）
Denmark retired after practicing medicine for 73 years and then volunteered her services until she couldn’t
anymore. She died at the age of 114.
I met her by phone when the pediatrician (儿科医生) couldn’t figure out what was wrong with my baby. On the phone, she talked with me for more than 30 minutes. I took her advice, and my baby was better about 10 days
later. She never charged me.
“You keep on doing what you do best as long as you can,” she was famous for the words. And it turned out
her advice about actively helping others was as good as her medical advice.
Obviously, we can’t all live as long as Dr. Denmark. But recent research has shown that volunteering provides a longevity boost similar to the effects of adding multiple servings of fruits and vegetables to your daily diet. Specifically, older adults who volunteer are at 24 percent less risk of early death. The positive impact of giving and volunteering on older people goes beyond that. According to the research, adults over 55 who give their time for others have an easier time with everyday tasks. Besides, volunteers experience 250 percent less cognitive decline leading to dementia (痴呆).
According to a new study in the Journal of Happiness Studies, people who volunteer report higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction. The study took it a second step and followed people who began volunteering—monitoring their responses from the time they started volunteering. The longer they volunteered and
the more they volunteered, the greater level of happiness they reported.
You may already be volunteering your time. But if you’re not, consider the charities you support. Think about
the skills you might be able to offer them. You are likely to be glad about what you do.
13 ．What can we infer about Denmark
A ．She retired at the age of 73. B ．She volunteered for 73 years.
C ．She was patient and professional. D ．She once forget to charge the author.
14 ．How many benefits of volunteering are mentioned in paragraph 4
A ．1. B ．2. C ．3. D ．4.
15 ．What does the author try to do in the last paragraph
A ．Seek support. B ．Advise about sharpening skills.
C ．Offer solutions. D ．Encourage people to volunteer.
16 ．What’s the text mainly about
A ．The kindness of a doctor. B ．The benefits of volunteering.
C ．The process of being a volunteer. D ．The struggle of child-raising.
(
【答案】
13
．
C 14
．
C
15
．
D
16
．
B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章叙述了
“
志愿服务的好处
”
，同时鼓励人们做志愿者。
13
．推理判断题。根据第一段中
“Denmark retired after p
racticing medicine for 73 years and then volunteered her
)
(
services until
she couldn’t anymore.”
（丹麦在行医
73
年后退休，然
后自愿服务，直到她不能再做了。）
可知，
关于丹麦我们可以推断出她既耐心又专业。故选
C
。
14
．细节理解题。根据第四段中
“volunteering provides a longevity boost
similar to the effects of
adding multiple
servings of
fruits and vegetables to your daily diet.
Specifically, older ad
ults who
volunteer
are
at
24 percent
less
risk of
early death. The positive impact of
giving and volunteering on
older people
goes beyond that. According
to
the research, adults over 55 who give their time for
others have
an
easier time
with
everyday
tasks.
Besides,
volunteers experience 250 percent less cognitive decline leading to
dementia
(
痴呆
).”
（志愿服务可以延长寿命，
就像在日常饮食中添加多种水果和蔬菜一样。具
体来说，做志愿者的老年人早死的风险降低了
24%
。给予
和志愿服务对老年人的积极影响远不止于此。根据这项研究，
55
岁以上的成年人把时间花在了别人身上，
他们在处理日常任务时更容易。此外，志愿者的认知能力下降导致痴呆的几率减少了
250%
。）可知，第
4
段提到了志愿服务的
3
个好处。故选
C
。
15
．推理判断题。根据最后一段
“You may already be volunteering your ti
me. But if
you’re not, consider the
charities you support. Think about the skills you migh
t be
able to
offer them. You
are
likely
to be
glad
about
what
you do.”
（你可能已经在做义工了。但如果你不是，
考虑一下你支持的慈善机构。想想你能给他们提
供什么
技能。你可能会为你所做的感到高兴。）可知，作者在最后一段试图鼓励人们做志愿者。故选
D
。
16
．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段
“According to a new st
udy in the Journal of
Happiness
Studies, people who
volunteer report higher levels of
happiness and life satisfaction.”
（根据《幸福研
究杂志》上的一项新研究，
志愿
者的幸福感和生活满意度更高。）和最后一段
“You may already be volunteering your time. Bu
t if
you’re not,
consider the charities you support. Think about the skil
ls you
might be
able
to
offer
them.
You
are
likely
to be
glad
about what you do.”
（你可能已经在做义工了。但如果你不是，考虑一下你支持的慈善机构。想想你能给他
们提供什么技能。你可能会为你所做的感到高兴。）可知，这
篇文章主要讲了
“
志愿服务的好处。
”
故选
B
。
)
5.（2024 届 ·甘肃白银一模）
China has built in Kunming City, Yunnan Province, the Germplasm ( 种 质 ) Bank of Wild Species, a comprehensive national database for the collection and preservation of wildlife germplasm resources. As of the end of 2020, the bank preserved 85,046 copies of 10,601 wild plant seeds for protecting wildlife germplasm resources. Preserving dried and frozen seeds, the bank provides technological support for the protection and research, makes
use of China’s wildlife germplasm resources, and plays a major part in international biodiversity conservation.
The importance of science and technology for biodiversity conservation is increasingly obvious. When remote sensor monitoring was not available, agricultural technicians had no choice but to go for field studies, which could barely meet the need for large-scale, fast and nondestructive ( 非破坏性 的) monitoring of crop conditions and timely prevention and control of diseases and pests. Nowadays, remote sensor monitoring has been applied in agricultural production in China, allowing agricultural technicians to analyze the movements of insect pests and evaluate plant diseases and insect pests by monitoring remotely the vegetation growth, coverage, surface
temperature, humidity and other indicators.
In the Internet era, information technology has made the processing of massive data possible and created wider
and more convenient platforms for biodiversity conservation in China, including Chinese Virtual Herbarium, Plant Photo Bank of China, and National Animal Collection Resource Center. The emergence of databases and digital
programs in recent years is driving China to turn around its seriously threatened biodiversity.
From the collection and storage of information to the management and analysis of resources, the constantly improving biodiversity information network has realized the exploration and use of massive biodiversity data, providing a solid foundation for China’s biodiversity conservation and research. Biodiversity conservation and science and technology are inextricable. Only by making science and technology a strong support for biodiversity conservation can humankind guard the Earth and build a beautiful world of harmony among all beings on the
planet.
17 ．What can we learn about the bank from paragraph 1
A ．Its crisis. B ．Its administration. C ．Its role. D ．Its staff.
18 ．What do researchers hardly need to do with the help of remote sensor monitoring
A ．Evaluate plant diseases and insect pests.
B ．Go to fields to control the plant diseases.
C ．Analyze the tracks of the pests of plants.
D ．Satisfy the need to monitor crop conditions.
19 ．What does the underlined word “inextricable” in the last paragraph probably mean
A ．Linked. B ．Competitive. C ．Inadequate. D ．Inessential.
20 ．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A ．The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Develops Fast
B ．Technologies Promote Chinese Biodiversity Protection
C ．China Has Made Great Efforts to Process Massive Data
D ．Information Technology Contributes Much to Many Fields
(
【答案】
17
．
C 18
．
B
19
．
A 20
．
B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科技在保护生物多样性中的重要性。
17
．主旨大意题。根据第一段
“China has built in Kunming City,
Yunnan Province, the Germplasm (
种质
)
Bank
of
Wild
Species, a comprehensive national database for the collection and preservation
of
wildlif
e
germplasm
resources. As of
the end of
2020, the bank preserved 85,046 copies
of 10,601 wild plant
seeds
for protecting
wildlife germplasm resources. Preserving dried and frozen seeds, the bank provides technol
ogical
support
for the
protection and research, makes use of
China’s wildlife germplasm resources, and plays a major part in
internati
onal
biodiversity conservat
ion.”(
中国在云南省昆明市建立了野生物种种质资源库，这是一个综合性的国家野生动
物种质资源收集和保存数据库。截至
2020
年底，野生植物种子库共
保存
10601
种野生植物种子
85046
份，
保护野生植物种质资源。种子库保存干燥和冷冻种子，为保护和研究提供技术支持，充分利用中国野生生
物种质资源，在国际生物多样性保护中发挥重要作用。
)
可知，第一段主要介绍了野生物种种
质资源库在保
护生物多样性方面发挥的作用，也就是资源库所扮演的角色。故选
C
项。
18
．推理判断题。根据第二段
“When remote sensor monitori
ng was not available, agricultural technicians had no
)
(
choice but to go for field studies, which could barely meet th
e need
for
large-scale,
fast
and
nondestructive
(
非破坏
性的
) monitoring of
crop conditions and timely prevention and control of
diseases
and pests.
”(
在没有遥感监测的 情况下，农业技术人员只能进行实地考察，难以满足大规模、快速、无损地监测
作物状况和及时防治病虫
害的需要。
)
可知， 在没有遥感监测的情况下，
研究人员需要进行实地考
察；再根据
“Nowadays, remote sensor
monitoring has been applied in agricultural production in China, allowing
agricultural tech
nicians to
analyze
the
movements of
insect pests and evaluate plant diseases and insect pests by monitoring remotely the vegetation
growth, coverage, surface t
emperature, humidity and other indicators.”(
如今，
遥感监测已经在中国的农业生产中
得到了应用，农业技术人员通过远程监测植被生长、覆盖度
、地表温度、湿度等指标，分析病虫害的动态，
评价病虫害。
)
可知，在遥感监测的帮助下，研究人员可以通过远程监控的方
式查看植被的生长动态，可推
断有了遥感监测，研究人员几乎不需要进行实地考察了。故选
B
项。
19
．词义猜测题。根据最后一段
“From the collection and storage of
information to the management
and
analysis
of
resources
,
the
constantly
improving
biodiversity
information
network
has
realized
the
exploration
and
use
of
massive biodiversity data, providing a solid foundation for China’s biodiversity
conservatio
n
and research.”(
从信
息的收集和存储到资源的管理和分析，不断完善的生物多样性信息网络实现了对海量
生物多样性数据的挖
掘和利用，为中国生物多样性保护和研究提供了坚实的基础。
)
可知，科技为生物多样性
的保护提供了重要
支持， 两者息息相关的，
可推断
“Biodiversity conservation and science and te
chnology
are
inextricable.”(
生物多
样性保护与科技是
inextricable
。
)
中的
inextricable
意为
“
息息相关的，密切相关的
”
，与
linked
表达的含义一
致。故选
A
项。
20
．主旨大意题。观察文章结构可知，文章先通过对野生物种种质资源库的介绍，说明了技术支持对该资
源库的作用，从而引出了科技在生物多样性保护中的作用；接下来第二段和第三段分
段进一步详细阐述了
科技在生物多样性保护中发挥的作用，最后一段进行总结归纳，强调了生物多样性保
护和科技是密不可分
的， 由此可知文章是围绕科技对于生物多样性保护的作用而展开的，
所以
B
选项
“
科技促进
中国生物多样性
保护
”
概括了文章内容。故选
B
项。
)
6.（2024 届 ·甘肃张掖一模）
There was a time when the solar industry was considered dead money. It was too expensive, too inefficient,
and too inconsistent to be a good alternative energy source for anything, let alone your home or office.
But those days are long gone. Today, solar energy represents the future of our planet’s energy needs because
it’s cheap, efficient, consistent, and most importantly, clean.
Solar energy costs have dropped by more than 70% over the past 10 years, and solar energy is now cheaper
than fossil fuels in most parts of the United States. Let that sink in for a moment.
Better yet, the drivers of these cost declines—economies of scale and technological improvements powered by Moore’s Law and Wright’s Law-are lasting, and therefore, solar energy is going to get even cheaper. Indeed, these forces are so powerful in the solar industry that they have their own law-Swanson’s Law-which states that the price of solar modules (组件) decreases by about 20%for every doubling in global solar capacity.
For what it’s worth, the US Department of Energy believes solar costs can and will fall by another 60% in
2030. So, solar energy is the cheapest way to power things today.
Meanwhile, solar panels have become very efficient at turning light from the sun into usable energy. Back in 1992, researchers at the University of South Florida created a thin-film solar cell with 15.9% efficiency—and that was considered a breakthrough at the time. These days, though, your average silicon (硅) solar cells sport efficiency rates above 20%. That’s standard. And manufacturers have created prototypes ( 原 型 机) that are getting 30%
efficiency, while some research efforts have even managed to achieve near 50% efficiency in certain lab tests.
At the same time, these solar systems have become dramatically more consistent. One of the biggest disadvantages for solar energy in the early 2000s was its intermittency (间歇性) —the sun doesn’t shine every day,
so what do you do when it’s cloudy Well, that’s why big batteries exist.
21 ．What can we learn from paragraph 4
A ．The worldwide popularity of solar energy.
B ．The rapid increase in global solar capacity.
C ．The contents of Moore’s Law and Wright’s Law.
D ．The contributors to the decline in solar energy costs.
22 ．What is the purpose of the figures in paragraph 6
A ．To indicate the variety of solar cells.
B ．To prove the wide use of solar cells.
C ．To show the improvement of solar cells.
D ．To compare the size of different solar cells.
23 ．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of the solar industry
A ．Positive. B ．Doubtful. C ．Uncaring. D ．Worried.
24 ．What is most likely to be talked about next
A ．The wide use of solar power. B ．The alternative to solar power.
C ．The disadvantage of solar power. D ．The storage of solar power.
(
【答案】
21
．
D 22
．
C
23
．
A
24
．
D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了近年来太阳能产业的进步。
21
．细节理解题。根据第四段
“Better yet, the drivers of
these cost declines—economies of
scale and technological
improvements powered by Moore’s Law and Wright’s Law-are lasting, and t
herefore, solar
energy
is
going
to
get
even cheaper. (
更好的是，这些成本下降的驱动因素
——
摩尔定律和
赖特定律推动的规模经济和技术进步是
持久的， 因此，
太阳能将变得更加便宜。
)”
可知，
本段提及太阳能成本下降的主要原因
——
规模经济和技术
进步。故选
D
。
22
．推理判断题。根据第六段
“Meanwhile, solar panels have become very efficient at turning light
from
the
sun
into
usable energy. Back in
1992, researchers at the University of
South Florida created a
thin-film
solar
cell
with
15.9% efficiency—and that was considered a breakthrough a
t the time. These
days, though,
your
average
silicon(
硅
)solar cells sport efficiency rates above 20%. That’s
standard. A
nd manufacturers have
created
)
(
prototypes(
原型机
) that are getting 30% efficiency, while some research
efforts hav
e
even
managed to
achieve
near
50% efficiency in certain la
b tests. (
与此同时，太阳能电池板在将太阳光转化为可用能源方面变得非常有效。
早在
1992
年，南佛罗里达大学的研究人员就创造了一种效率为
15.9%
的薄膜太阳能
电池，这在当时被认为
是一项突破。然而，如今，你的平均硅太阳能
电池的效率超过了
20%
。这是标准。制造商已经制造出了效
率达到
30%
的原型，而一些研究工作甚至在某些实验室测试中达到了接近
50%
的效率。
)”
可知，本段中使
用数字来说明太阳能效率的提高，也就是太阳能电池的改善。故选
C
。
23
．推理判断题。根据第二段
“But those days are long gone. To
day, solar
energy represents
the
future
of
our
planet’s energy needs because it’s cheap, efficient, consistent, and most
importantly,
clean
.
(
但是那些日子已经一
去不复返了。今天，太阳能代表了我们星球能源需求的未来，因为它便宜
、高效、稳定，最重要的是清
洁。
)”
可知，作者对太阳能产业的未来的态度是积极乐观的。故选
A
。
24
．推理判断题。根据最后一段
“At the same time, these solar sys
tems have become dramatically more
consistent. One of
the biggest disadvantages for solar energy
in the
early
2000s was
its
in
termittency(
间歇性
)—the
sun doesn’t shine every day, so what
do you
do
when
it’s
cloudy
Well,
that’s
why big batteries
exist.
(
与此同时，
这些太阳系变得更加一致。
21
世纪初，太
阳能最大的缺点之一是它的间歇性
——
太阳不是每天都会发光，
那么当多云的时候你该怎么办？这就是大电池存在的原因
。
)”
可知， 这里提到了太阳能的持续性问题，
然后
提出阴天时候太阳能的有效性问题，由此推断，接下来可能会介绍如
何对太阳能进行存储。故选
D
。
)
7.（2024 届 · 江西景德镇 · 统考一模）
It turns out our plants are just like us in some ways. We turn to medicines to relieve a minor flu or headache, and plants too have their ways of self-medicating. They protect themselves from environmental hazards like insects, drought and heat by producing salicylic acid (水杨酸). It is responsible for the anti-inflammatory action of
aspirin, a drug which has been used by humans for centuries to counter pain and inflammation.
Researchers have found that plants’ salicylic acid, which is produced in chloroplasts ( 叶绿体), is usually generated in response to the stress caused by climate change. “It’s like plants use a painkiller for aches and pains,
just like we do,” said plant biologist Wilhelmina van de ven from the University of California, River-side (U. C ．R)
“We’d like to be able to use the finding to improve crop resistance (作物抗性),” said U. C ． R.plant geneticist
Jin-Zheng Wang. “That will be crucial for the food supply in our increasingly hot, bright world.”
Human skin produces ROS (Reactive oxygen species) ( 活性氧) in the absence of sunscreen. This causes freckles and burns. Similarly, environmental stresses result in the formation of ROS in plants which, at high levels,
can cause death.
At low levels, however, ROS serves an essential function in plant cells. “ROS is a double-edged sword,” said Wang. “At non-lethal levels, ROS are like an emergency call to action, enabling the production of protective hormones ( 激素) such as salicylic acid.” The acid then acts to protect the plants’ chloroplasts, known to be the site
of photosynthesis.
“With climate change, things like salicylic acid: helping plants stand up to stresses have become more
common. So, being able to increase plants’ ability to produce it represents a step forward in challenging the impacts
of climate change on everyday life,” said Katayoon Dehesh, UCR professor of molecular biochemistry.
“Those impacts go beyond our food. Plants being in trouble are a sign of what the future holds for us,” she continued. “Plants clean our air by removing the carbon dioxide from it while also offering us shade, and providing habitats for numerous animals. For humankind, the benefits of boosting plants’ ability to survive are becoming
increasingly essential.”
25 ．What is the main function of salicylic acid in plants
A ．To secure plants. B ．To produce chloroplasts.
C ．To relieve pain and inflammation. D ．To generate hormones.
26 ．What is the main cause of ROS formation in plants
A ．Lack of sunscreen. B ．Chloroplastic acid.
C ．Environmental stresses. D ．Use of Photosynthesis.
27 ．What is the main goal of the researchers at UCR
A ．To explore the history and significance of aspirin in human medicine.
B ．To invent a device that can make plants do self-medicating.
C ．To compare the differences between plants and humans in self-medicating.
D ．To improve crop resistance by increasing plants’ ability to produce salicylic acid.
28 ．What is the text mainly about
A ．Plants can be improved to resist environmental hazards.
B ．Plants produce their own aspirin to cope with stress.
C ．Plants and humans share some common features and needs.
D ．Plants contribute to the well-being of humans and animals.
(
【答案】
25
．
A 26
．
C
27
．
D
28
．
B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是植物通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危
害。
25
．推理判断题。根据第一段
“They protect themselves f
rom environmental hazards like insects, drought and heat
by producing salicylic acid (
水杨酸
).(
它们通过
产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危害。
)”
可知，水杨酸在植物中的主要作用是保护植物，故选
A
。
26
．细节理解题。根据第四段
“Similarly,
environmental stresses result in the formation of
ROS
in plants which,
at
high levels, can cause death.(
同样， 环境压力会导致植物体内
ROS
的形成， 而这种
ROS
在高水平时
可能导致
死亡。
)”
可知，植物中
ROS
形成的主要原因是环境压力。故选
C
。
27
．推理判断题。根据第三段
““We’d like to be able to use the finding to
improve
crop resistance
(
作物抗性
),”
said
U. C. R.plant geneticist Jin-Zheng Wang.(“
我们希望能够利用这一
发现来提高作物的抗性，
”
加州大学洛杉矶
分校植物遗传学家
Jin-Zheng Wang
说。
)”
和倒数第二段
“With climate change, things like
salicylic acid: he
lping
plants stand up to stresses have become more common.
So, being able to
incre
ase plants’
ability to produce
it
represents a step forward in challenging the impacts
of
climate
change
on
everyday
life(
随着气候变化，像水杨酸
)
(
这样帮助植物抵抗压力的物质变得越来越普遍。因此，能够提高植物生产它的能
力，代表着在挑战气候变
化对日常生活的影响方面迈出了一步
)”
可知，
UCR
研究人员的主要目
标是通过增加植物产生水杨酸的能力
来提高作物的抗性，故选
D
。
28
．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段
“They protect themselves from e
nvironmental hazards like insects,
drought and heat by producing salicylic acid (
水杨酸
). It is responsible
for the
anti-inflammato
ry
action
of
aspirin,
a drug which has been used by humans for centuries to counter pain and inflammation.(
它们通过
产生水杨酸来保
护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危害。它负责阿司匹林的抗炎作用，阿司匹林是一种被人类使用了几
个世纪的药物，用于对抗疼痛和炎症。
)”
和
第二段
“Researchers have found that plants’ salicylic acid, which is
produced in chloroplasts (
叶绿体
), is usually generated in response to the
stress
caused by
climate
change.(
研究人
员发现， 植物叶绿体中产生的水杨酸通常
是在应对气候变化造成的压力时产生的。
)”
可知， 本文主要讲的是
植物通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危害，
因
此主旨大意是
B
选项
“Plants produce
their own aspirin to cope with stress.(
植物会分泌自己阿
司匹林来应对压力
)”
。故选
B
。
)
8.（2024 届 · 江西萍乡一模）
Some people get more averse to risk as the years go by. Not so Gail MacCallum, who at age 40 quit a secure
job and left the city to explore more possibilities of life.
MacCallum moved quite a bit in childhood and spent her formative years outside Canberra in a farmhouse without electricity, where she enjoyed the freedom of the natural world. In her teens, she and her family moved into
the heart of inner-city Sydney, and she found she adored that too.
In 2015, MacCallum and her then partner had a daughter, Amelia. They wanted to make sure that despite being a city kid, Amelia had plenty of natural encounters so they sought out places to climb trees, watch lizards and spot turtles. But one day MacCallum realised her little girl was more at ease with busy streets than bushland. “When she was about seven, we were visiting a friend whose place had a beautiful lawn. Amelia called out to me and said, ‘I can’t go into the wild!’ We decided we had to let her experience a wider world and two months later we
were in a camper van heading off around Australia.”
MacCallum admits she felt worried. “I thought we’d need to know some basic things but the trip was like a leap in the dark. ” As it happened, the van they’d bought broke down just 90 minutes into the trip. But after repairs they set off again and travelled the country for six months, during which Amelia became an enthusiastic adventurer. “That trip helped me understand that success doesn’t have to be assured,” MacCallum says. “I realised that you can
start something and just work it out as you go along.”
29 ．What does the underlined word in paragraph 1 mean
A ．Motivated. B ．Confident. C ．Unwilling. D ．Regretful.
30 ．What do we know about MacCallum
A ．She is a person in favor of stability.
B ．She preferred the inner city to the rural area.
C ．Her love for nature was rooted in her childhood.
D ．She knew much about long-distance travelling.
31 ．What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A ．Amelia was raised in a casual way.
B ．Amelia was a nature enthusiast just like her parents.
C ．MacCallum and her partner planned the trip separately.
D ．MacCallum expected her daughter to be close to nature.
32 ．Which words can best describe their trip
A ．Costly but satisfying. B ．Eventful but educational.
C ．Boring but meaningful. D ．Difficult but romantic.
【答案】29 ．C 30 ．C 31 ．D 32 ．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了 Gail MacCallum 40 岁时辞去了一份稳定的工作，离开了这座城
市，去探索更多的生活可能性，她和丈夫以及女儿在一辆露营车里环游了澳大利亚。
29 ．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“to risk as the years go by”以及“Not so Gail MacCallum, who at age 40 quit a secure job and left the city to explore more possibilities of life.(Gail MacCallum 却不是这样， 她在 40 岁时辞去了 一份稳定的工作，离开了这座城市，去探索更多的生活可能性)”可知，后文举出了 MacCallum 的例子，虽 然 40 岁了， 但是她还是去探索更多的可能性了， 说明随着岁月的流逝， 有些人越来越不愿冒险。故划线词
意思是“不愿意的” 。故选 C。
30 ．细节理解题。根据第二段“MacCallum moved quite a bit in childhood and spent her formative years outside
Canberra in a farmhouse without electricity, where she enjoyed the freedom of the natural world.(童年时，
MacCallum 经常搬家，在堪培拉郊外的一间没有电的农舍里度过了她的成长岁月，在那里她享受着自然世
界的自由)”可知， MacCallum 对大自然的热爱源于她的童年。故选 C。
31．推理判断题。根据第三段“We decided we had to let her experience a wider world and two months later we were in a camper van heading off around Australia.(我们决定让她体验更广阔的世界， 两个月后， 我们就在一辆露营
车里环游了澳大利亚)”可推知， MacCallum 希望她的女儿能亲近大自然。故选 D。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一As it happened, the van they’d bought broke down just 90 minutes into the trip. But
after repairs they set off again and travelled the country for six months, during which Amelia became an
enthusiastic adventurer. “That trip helped me understand that success doesn’t have to be assured,” MacCallum says. “I realised that you can start something and just work it out as you go along.”(碰巧的是，他们买的面包车在出发 90 分钟后就抛锚了。但修好后，他们又出发了，在全国旅行了六个月，在此期间，阿米莉亚成为了一个热 情的冒险家。MacCallum 说:“那次旅行让我明白， 成功并不一定是必然的。我意识到， 你可以开始做一件事，
然后边做边解决。 ”)”可推知，他们的旅行充满变故但有教育意义。故选 B。
9.（2024 届 · 江西萍乡一模）
Late nights, early starts, nightmares, anxiety, children ... there are so many things that can cut into our
shut-eye. When does that threaten our health — and what can we do about it
To start with the basics: if you are getting anywhere from seven to nine hours a night, you’re probably fine.
But you should certainly get concerned with consistently sleeping less than seven hours a night, and really concerned if it dropped to six or below. “If you are waking up a lot in the night, this will impact the quantity and quality of your sleep, which can lead to harm in your immune system, impairment in gut (肠道) health and many other side-effects,” says Christopher Barker, a personal trainer and sleep management adviser. “It may be an indicator of a sleep disorder or another underlying health condition — if you’re concerned about any of these
issues, it’s worth talking to your doctor.”
So what is your best bet for catching some quality Zs Well, start during the day. Try to expose yourself to sunlight during the day to keep your circadian rhythms on track. Physical activity can also help: sleep and exercise have a bidirectional relationship. In a 2022 poll, participants who undertook vigorous physical activity tended to
fall asleep faster, woke up less during the night and woke up feeling refreshed, compared with non-exercisers.
When it’s time for bed, make sure you turn in at a reasonably consistent hour, and keep your sleep hygiene in shape. “You should try to keep your weekend routine within one to two hours of your weekday one, and keep them highly consistent,” says Barker. “I’d also suggest keeping your bedroom free of electronics, and keep it cool and dark. I often work with athletes, and one of the first things I ask them to do is activate their devices’ night mode, which cuts down on the emission of blue light that can impede sleep. Ideally, stay off all of your devices for an
hour before bed.”
Oh, and taking a deep breath really can work: there is evidence that it activates your parasympathetic nervous system (副交感神经系统) and winds you down.
33 ．Why does the author mention “so many things” in the first paragraph
A ．To introduce the topic. B ．To make comparisons.
C ．To support his/her argument. D ．To seek opinions.
34 ．What may be an indicator of a sleep disorder
A ．Deep breath. B ．Gut discomfort.
C ．Sufficient bedtime. D ．Sleep consistency.
35 ．How can we get quality Zs
A ．Exercise regularly. B ．Work with athletes.
C ．Keep weekends busy. D ．Activate digital devices.
36 ．What’s the text mainly about
A ．Stress from a poor sleep.
B ．Trend of sleeping less at night.
C ．Bad habits that threaten our health.
D ．Ways to get a consistent good sleep.
(
【答案】
33
．
A 34
．
D 35
．
A 36
．
D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了睡眠障碍对身体的伤害以及介绍了如何获得持续良好睡眠的方
法的方法。
33
．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话
“When does that threaten our h
ealth — and what can we do
about
it (
这
)
什么时候会威胁到我们的健康——我们该怎么办？ )”以及第三段第一、二、三句话“So what is your best bet for
catching some quality Zs Well, start during the day. Try to expose yourself to sunlight during the day to keep your
circadian rhythms on track. (那么，如果你想睡个好觉，最好的办法是什么呢？从白天开始。试着在白天把自 己暴露在阳光下， 保持你的生理节奏在正常的轨道上)”可推知， 文章第一题段提出的“这些事情”是为了让人
们意识到睡眠问题，从而引出本文的主旨“提高睡眠质量的方法” 。故选 A。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句话““If you are waking up a lot in the night, this will impact the quantity and
quality of your sleep, which can lead to harm in your immune system, impairment in gut (肠道) health and many
other side-effects,” says Christopher Barker, a personal trainer and sleep management adviser. “It may be an
indicator of a sleep disorder or another underlying health condition — if you’re concerned about any of these
issues, it’s worth talking to your doctor.”(私人教练和睡眠管理顾问克里斯托弗 巴克表示: “如果你夜里醒来次
数很多，就会影响睡眠的数量和质量，这可能会损害你的免疫系统，损害肠道健康，以及许多其它副作
用。 ”。“这可能是睡眠障碍或其他潜在健康问题的一个指标——如果你担心这些问题中的任何一个，就值得 和你的医生谈谈。 ”)”可知，睡眠的连贯性或者说睡眠质量是睡眠障碍或其他潜在健康问题的一个指标。故
选 D。
35 ．细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句话“Physical activity can also help: sleep and exercise have a bidirectional relationship. In a 2022 poll, participants who undertook vigorous physical activity tended to fall asleep faster, woke up less during the night and woke up feeling refreshed, compared with non-exercisers.(体育活动也有帮助：睡眠和 锻炼有双向关系。在 2022 年的一项民意调查中， 与不锻炼的人相比， 进行剧烈体育活动的参与者往往入睡 更快，夜间醒来更少，醒来时感觉神清气爽)”可知，定期的运动能够帮助我们获得高质量的睡眠。故选 A 。 36．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Late nights, early starts, nightmares, anxiety, children ... there are so many things that can cut into our shut-eye. When does that threaten our health — and what can we do about it (熬夜、早起、噩梦、 焦虑、孩子……有很多事情会影响我们的睡眠。什么时候会威胁到我们的健康——我们能做些什么呢 )”和
第三段“So what is your best bet for catching some quality Zs (那么，要想睡个好觉，最好的办法是什么
呢？)”，结合全文，可知本文主要介绍了睡眠问题对身体的伤害以及介绍了如何获得持续良好睡眠的方法。
故选 D。
10.（2024 届 · 江西萍乡一模）
Imagine you’re out for an evening stroll in a foreign city, looking to find a restaurant for dinner. If you’re like most people, you will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners because its popularity is bound to reflect
on the quality of food and service. But is this true
Naturally copying other people’s thoughts or choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd behaviour”. It is a frequent occurrence among humans as well as many other animals, a common example
being sheep. Herding can appear to make a lot of sense. After all, there’s “safety in numbers” .
Psychology research suggests that the phenomenon relies on the existence of social connections or patterns between individuals as well as specific mechanisms of passing on information. A key prerequisite ( 前提) is the
human ability to “mentalise”, which means being able to read and interpret someone else’s mental state and using
the information to explain their choices.
Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which emerges when the judgement of individual group members are independently collected to produce an average opinion, herd behavior typically rely on so-called “information cascades (信息瀑布) ”, where people take on others’ beliefs or copy their choices without critically assessing the underlying reasons. This frequently leads to the imitation of irrational (不理性的) or simply stupid behaviors. Consequently, herding can have many undesirable outcomes, including unfavorable influences on
consumer choices, like in the restaurant example above.
However, it seems there is no quick and easy fix to resist the lure of herd behaviour. Instead, long-term attitude changes may be necessary, which could involve individuals adopting more critical approaches towards
their peers’ opinion, and questioning others’ behavior as opposed to blindly following them.
37 ．Which of the following can be called “herd behaviour”
A ．Choosing the most crowded restaurant to dine in.
B ．Asking friends for suggestions when in confusion.
C ．Running out immediately when the fire bell rings.
D ．Analyzing a product carefully before buying it.
38 ．An important condition for herd behaviour lies in .
A ．explaining life patterns
B ．understanding social connections
C ．comprehending others’ mental state
D ．sharing information among individuals
39 ．What leads to the herd behaviour
A ．Wisdom of crowds. B ．Uncertain outcomes.
C ．Lack of rational analyses. D ．Enough individual opinions.
40 ．How can people avoid the the herd behaviour
A ．Never follow the trend. B ．Keep a questioning mind.
C ．Say no to any popular events. D ．Stand opposite against the public.
(
【答案】
37
．
A 38
．
C 39
．
C 40
．
B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了跟随他人行为的问题，包括在选择餐馆时随意跟随人群的不良影
响并解释了
“
羊群行为
”
的概念。文章强调了跟随他人行为的危险性，因为这种行为往往不需要批判
性思考，
可能会导致模仿不合理或愚蠢的行为。因此建议要谨慎对待跟随他人行为，并要保持批
判性思维。
37
．细节理解题。根据文章第二段
“Naturally copying other people’s thoughts or choices or simply
going with
the
crowd is often referred to as “herd behaviour”. (
自然地模仿他人的想法或选择或随大流
通常被称为
“
从众行
为
”)”
可知，选择最拥挤的餐厅用餐被称为
“
羊群行为
”
。故选
A
。
38
．推理判断题。根据文章第三段
“A key prerequisite (
前提
) is the hum
an ability to “mentalise”, which means
being able to read and interpret someone else’s mental
state
and usin
g the
information
to
explain
their
choices.
(
一
)
(
个关键的先决条件是人类
“
心理化
”
的能力，这意味着能够阅读和解读他人的心理状态，并利用这些信
息来解
释他们的选择
)”
可知，
“
羊群行为
”
的一个重要条件是理解他人的心理状态。故选
C
。
39
．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段
“Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of
crowds”
, which emerges when the
judgement
of
individual
group
members
are
independently
collected
to
produce
an
average
opinion
,
herd
behavior typically rely on so-called “information cascades (
信息瀑布
) ”,
where people
take
on
others’ b
eliefs
or
copy
their
choices without critically assessing the underlying reasons. This frequently leads to the
imitation
of
irrational
(
不理
性的
) or simply stupid behaviors. (
与所谓的
“
群体
智慧
”
相反，
当个体群体成员的判断被独立收集以产生平均意
见时，
“
羊群行为
”
通常依赖于所谓的
“
信息瀑布
”
，人们在没有批判性地评估潜在原因的情
况下接受他人的信
念或复制他们的选择。这经常导致模仿不合理的行为或愚蠢的行为。
)”
可知，缺乏理性的分析导致了
“
羊群
行为
”
。故选
C
。
40
．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段
“However, it seems there is no qu
ick and easy
fix
to resist
the
lure
of
herd
behaviour. Instead, long-term attitude changes may be necessary, which could involve
individua
ls
adopting more
critical approaches towards their peers’ opinion, and questioning others’ behavior as
opp
osed to blindly
following
them.(
然而，
似乎没有快速和简单的解决办法来抵制群体行为的诱惑。相反， 长期的态度改变可能是必要的，
这可能涉及个人对同龄人的观点采取更批判的态度，
质疑他人的行为，
而不是
盲目地追随他们
)”
可知， 保持
质疑的心态可以避免从众行为。故选
B
。
)
11.（2024 届 · 吉林 · 统考一模）
A revolution has recently taken place in behavioural biology. Its consequences are far-reaching, both for our self-image as humans and for our relationship with animals. Just a few decades ago, behavioural science was guided by two key beliefs: animals cannot think, and no scientific statements can be made about their emotions. Today, the same discipline holds both ideas to be false and assumes the very opposite: animals of some species are capable of insight – they can recognize themselves in a mirror and exhibit at least a basic sense of self-awareness –
and they have rich emotional lives that seem to be amazingly similar to those of humans.
Indeed, the transformation of the concept of the animal in modern behavioural biology has been fundamental. This has been confirmed by the death of a third belief: for decades, it was taught that animals behave for the good of their species. Today we know this is not the case. Rather, animals do everything to ensure that copies of their own genes are passed to the next generation with maximum efficiency and, when necessary, they will also kill
conspecifics. Clearly, they are not, as Jane Goodall had once famously hoped, ‘like us, but better’ .
The border between humans and animals is also beginning to blur in other areas. Certain aspects of the social environment can cause stress for both humans and animals, while other similar factors can relieve it. Indeed, animal behaviour does not develop in a fixed manner: environmental influences, socialisation, and learning can change an animal from the prenatal phase (胎儿期) through adulthood. Like humans, animals ultimately appear individualised
upon closer inspection.
However, such similarities across genes, brain structure, and the endocrine ( 内 分 泌 的 ) system do not
automatically imply similarities concerning thoughts, feelings, and behaviour. To better understand these
characteristics, we need to look at specific studies in both animals and humans. In the case of animals, such studies take place within the field of behavioural biology, which was properly defined by one of the fathers of the
discipline, the Nobel Prize winner Nikolaas Tinbergen, as ‘the study of behaviour by biological methods’ .
41 ．According to the new research, some animals .
A ．possess rich emotions. B ．can hardly recognize themselves.
C ．can show little self-awareness. D ．are incapable of understanding.
42 ．It can be inferred that animals’ behavioural actions are mainly driven by .
A ．their desire to protect their species.
B ．their ability to recognize themselves in mirrors.
C ．their urge to guarantee the gene transmission.
D ．their eagerness to be socially interacted.
43 ．Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 3
A ．There’s a clear distinction between humans and animals.
B ．Social environment may have an impact on animal behavior.
C ．Animals will eventually become standardized.
D ．Learning alone can shape animal behaviour altogether.
44 ．Which of the following titles best summarizes the article
A ．Evolution of Views in Behavioral Biology: Typical Human, Typical Animal
B ．The Emotional Lives of Animals: A Study of Similarities and Differences with Humans
C ．Understanding the Blurred Boundaries: The Human – Animal Connection in Modern Science
D ．Past and Present: How Behavioral Biology Views Animals
(
【答案】
41
．
A 42
．
C
43
．
B
44
．
A
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍近年来行为生物学领域的发展和研究
成果，并探讨人类与动物之间的关系和
界限。
41
．细节理解题。根据第一
Today, the same
discipline holds both ideas to be
false
and assumes
the
very
opposite:
animals of
some species are capable of
insight – they can recognize
themselves
in
a
mirror
and
exhibit
at
least
a
basic sense of
self-awareness – and they have rich emotional lives that
seem to be
amazingly
similar to tho
se
of
humans. (
今天，同一学科认为两个信念都是错误的，并假定相反的观点：某些物种的动物能够进行
深刻的
思考
——
它们能够在镜子中认出自己，并具有至少基本的自我意识
，并且它们的丰富情感生活似乎与人类
惊人的相似。
)”
可知，根据这项新的研究，
一些动物拥有丰富的情感。故
选
A
项。
42
．推理判断题。根据第二段
“Today we know this is not the
case. Rather, animals do
everything to
ensure that
copies of
their own genes are passed to the next generation with maximum efficiency
and,
when
necessary,
they
will also kill conspecifics. (
今天， 我们知道情况并非如此。 相反， 动物尽一切努力确保自己基因的副本以最
大的效率传递给下一代，
在必要时， 它们也会杀死同种动物。
)”
可推知， 动物的行为主要
由他们急于保证基
因的传播而驱动。故选
C
项。
)
(
43
．细节理解题。根据第三段
“The border between humans and animals i
s also beginning to blur in other
areas.
Certain aspects of
the social environment can cause
stress
for
both humans
and
animals,
while
other
similar
factors
can relieve it. Indeed, animal behaviour does not develop in
a
fixed manner:
environmental
influences,
socialisation, and learning can change an animal
from th
e prenatal phase
(
胎儿期
) through
adulthood.
Like
humans,
animals ultimately appear individualised upon closer i
nspection. (
人类和动物之间的界限在其他领域也开始模糊。
一些社交环境因素可能会对人类和动物产生压力，而其他类似的因素则可以缓解压力。的确，动物行为并
非以固定方式发展：环境影响、社交化和学习可以从孕前阶段到成
年期改变动物。与人类一样，动物在更
近距离的观察中最终呈现出个体化的特征。
)”
可知，社
会环境可能对动物的行为产生影响。故选
B
项。
44
．主旨大意题。根据第一段
“A revolution has recently taken place in behaviou
ral biology. Its consequences are
far-reaching, both for our self-image as h
umans and
for our relationship
with
animals.
Just
a
few
decades
ago,
behavioural science was guided by two key beliefs: animals cannot think, and n
o
scientific
statements
can be
made
about their emotions. Today, the same discipline holds both ide
as to be
false
and
assumes the
very
opposite:
animals of
some species are capable of
insight – they can recognize
themselves
in
a
mirror
and
exhibit
at
least
a
basic sense of
self-awareness – and they have rich emotional lives that
seem to be
amazingly
similar to tho
se
of
humans. (
最近，在行为生物学领域中发生了一场革命，其影响是深远的，不仅影响我们作为人类的
自我形
象，也影响我们与动物的关系。仅几十年前，行为科学遵循两个主要信念：动物
不能思考，对于它们的情
感不能做出科学陈述。而今天，同一学科认为两个信念都是错误的，并假定相反
的观点：某些物种的动物
能够进行深刻的思考
——
它们能够在镜子中认出自己，并具有至少基本的自我意
识，并且它们的丰富情感
生活似乎与人类惊人的相似
)”
以及纵观全文可知， 本文主
要讲述了行为生物学领域中观点的变化，
并探讨人
类与动物之间的关系和界限，所以
A
项
“Evolution of
Views in Behavioral Biology: Typical Human, Typical
Animal (
行为生物学观点的进化：典型的人类，典型的动物
)”
是
本文最好的标题。故选
A
项。
)
12.（2024 届 · 吉林 · 统考一模）
Behind the Mask
Wearing the face of Patih Manis, a character in Bali’s dance dramas, means more than simply putting on a
tapel, or mask.
“When you dance with a tapel and perform its character, you undergo a transformation,”says I Made Bandem, a scholar and teacher of Balinese arts – and a dancer for seven decades. “You must’marry’that mask and make ritual (仪式) offerings to create unity between yourself and the tapel. Many dancers will sleep with the mask beside
them, so that they can learn its true character.”
Hand – carved tapel are essential to Topeng Pajegan and Topeng Panca, dance dramas often held at temple festivals and family rituals across this Indonesian island. The masks, along with delicate costumes, music that makes you sleep, and staccato movements – sometimes only of the fingers – have attracted Balinese audiences since the 17th century. The stories staged in Pajegan and Panca tell the history of the Balinese people, and the characters never change: Their appearance, movements, roles, and even the order in which they emerge remain the
same. Yet in spite of this structure, topeng leave room for a great deal of artistic freedom. With no written text and
no required musical arrangement, the entire performance which can last around four hours will be an improvisation
– dancers and musicians drawing signals from one another.
It’s believed that every mask used for performance has a spirit. And if the correct offerings and taboos have been observed and the dancers have devoted themselves to mental, physical, and spiritual training, then during a
dance drama their bodies will become a medium for the tapel’s spirit.
“A dancer strives to achieve taksu, which is a combination of presence, power, and passion, ”says Bandem.“This is what we pray for before we perform; it is through taksu that we bring the ancestors and their
stories to life.”
45 ．What can we learn about tapel from the first two paragraphs
A ．Tapel refers to a character’s name.
B ．Tapel is supposed to be with the dancers all along.
C ．Tapel builds a bridge between the dancer and the true character.
D ．Tapel experiences dramatic changes when worn by a dancer.
46 ．All the following can attract the audience at the dance dramas mentioned except .
A ．Well-designed costumes. B ．Balinese stories. C．Uplifting music. D．Artistic freedom.
47 ．Which one can better explain the meaning of “improvisation” in the third paragraph
A ．A performance created casually. B ．A performance with full preparation.
C ．A performance given perfectly terribly. D ．A performance without deliberate preparation.
48 ．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A ．Taksu is a Balinese dancer’s pursuit. B ．The story behind the mask.
C ．Tapel’s spirit is impossible to overlook. D ．Taksu is a medium to connect the past and the present.
(
【答案】
45
．
C 46
．
C
47
．
D
48
．
A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过讲述舞者身穿特殊的面具来表演角色的转变过程，
强调了与面具的融合
和祭祀仪式所带来的身心统一。
45
．推理判断题。根据第二段
““When you dance with a tapel and pe
rform its character, you undergo
a
transformation,”says I Made Bandem, a scholar and teacher of
Bali
nese
arts –
and
a
dancer
for
seven
decades.
“
You
must
’
marry
’
that
mask
and
make
ritual
(
仪式
)
offerings
to
create
unity
between
yourself
and
the
tapel
.
Many
dancers will sleep with the mask beside them, so that they can learn
its true
ch
aracter.”(“
当你戴上
tapel
并扮演它
的角色时， 你会经历一种变身，
”
巴厘岛艺术的学者和教师兼已舞蹈家七十年的
I Made Bandem
说。
“
你必须
‘
嫁
’
给那个面具，并进行仪式祭祀，以在你和
tapel
之间创造统一。许多舞者会把面具放在
身旁睡觉，以便
了解它的真正性格。
”)”
可推知，
tapel
在舞者和真实人物之间架起了一座桥梁。故选
C
项。
46
．细节理解题。根据第三段
“Hand – carved tapel are essenti
al to Topeng Pajegan and Topeng
Panca,
dance
dramas often held at temple festivals and family rituals
acros
s this
Indonesian
island.
The masks,
along
with
