2024年中考英语二轮复习知识点 名词

备战2024年中考英语语法专题复习--名词 （1）
定义n(noun)：名词是用来表示人名、事物名称、时间、地点和抽象概念等的一类词，虽然和汉语中的名词在含义上是相同的，但是它们的语法特点却有着巨大的差异。
、名词的分类
专有名词 地方China，景点the Great Wall,姓名Tom,时间Sunday,报刊China Daily,组织，节日，电影等
普通名词 可数名词CN 个体 名词 单数 book
复数 apples
集体 名词 Family, police, people
不可数名词UN 物质 名词 Water, milk
抽象 名词 Hope,luck
【真题考察】
1．(2023·江西中考)—Kevin, could you pass me some _______？ It's so hot today. I'm really thirsty.—OK. Here you are.
A．rice B．bread C．water D．chicken
2．(2023·安徽中考)The proper _______ of your spare time will make your life colorful.
A．date B．use C．name D．Cause(原因 the cause of..)
3．(2023·天津中考)People all over the world love pandas, and the panda has become a _______ of China.
A.festival B．poem C．guest D．symbol
4．(2023·扬州中考)—What places of interest are there in Yangzhou
—I recommend the Slender West Lake. A boat tour is a wonderful _______！
Movement（移动） B．Attraction（吸引；令人向往的地方） C．Experience(经历) D．Research（调查）
5.These light bulbs look the same, but their _____ on the environment are different.
A. solutions B. methods 方法 C. effects （影响） D. secrets
6.—Wow, an iPhoneXS, what a big surprise! Thanks, darling!
—It's your birthday present. But please read the ____ carefully before you use it.
information B. instructions C. invitations D. instruments
7．（2023·辽宁营口）Scientists who are full of ________ always come up with new ideas and bring great changes to our life.
A．instruction B．instrument C．invention D．introduction
8．（2023·辽宁鞍山）—Why does Mary get good grades each time
—I think that’s because she puts most of her ________ into her schoolwork.
A．energy B．practice C．exercise D．Process（过程）
9．（2023·江苏淮安）As a student, you should keep a ________ between your schoolwork and your hobbies.
A．diary B．record C．secret D．balance
10．（2023·湖北襄阳）—Mr. Fan runs at least half an hour every day.—What a good ________! No wonder he looks healthy.
A．habit B．question C．article D．Prediction （预测）
11.(常州)After she was brought back to China, the sick giant panda Ya Ya received good__ in her new home and got better.
A．education B．communication C．Entertainment（娱乐） D．Treatment
12.(2022·江苏苏州）We enjoyed the _________ for the 70th birthday of the PRC, the most important activity to us Chinese on TV during last year’s National Day.
A．attraction B．discussion C．competition D．Celebration
13.（2022常州一模）—How did you put together the model plane so perfectly —It's easy. I just followed the ________．
A．Instructions B．Instruments C．Interviews （采访） D．inventions
14.（2022苏州预测）—Will you go to Fiona's party at her place next Sunday —Yes, I've got her ________ today.
A．celebration B．suggestion C．invitation D．instruction
15.（2022扬州二模）Recently, he seemed to lose the _____ of his life and has given up many chances.
A．sense B．course C．direction D．purpose
16.（2022南京一模）Dancing is one of my ________. I take dancing classes twice a week.
A．hobby B．hobbies C．habit D．habits
17.（2022苏州二模）I’m sorry that I made you get into a difficult ________.　　.
A．mess B．humour C．lecture D．situation
18.(2022苏州一模)—As Laozi’s book says, a thousand-mile journey begins with the first ____.—Yes, let’s get started now!
A．try B．day C．step D．started
19.(2022盐城一模）— Dad, what is the loudspeaker saying
— It is to the _________. The flight (飞机)to Beijing is checking tickets now.
A．Customers（顾客） B．Tourists（游客） C．members D．Passengers （乘客）
20.(2022南通一模）The number of the words in your article isn’t important, but the _________ of it matters.
A．ability B．size C．Quality（质量；品质） D．energy
21.(2022常州一模）—To tell you the truth. I don’t want to join in the speech competition.
—Come on. You need more practice to build up your ________.
A．challenge B．confidence C．instruction D．personality
22.(2022常州·一模）The factory cannot continue its level of ________ because the cost of the material has risen a lot.
A．instruction B．production C．contribution D．celebration
23.(2022统考二模）—Who is your favourite ________ in the series A Life Long Journey (人世间) —Zhou Bingkun is.
A．director B．writer C．reader D．character
24.(2023宿迁一模）Yan Ning is an excellent scientist who will return to China in the near future. She wants to make a ________to her motherland.
A．celebration B．conversation C．contribution D．collection
25.(2023无锡一模）The core（核心）of your ________ is that you and your work partner will always be there to help each other in a team.
A．friendship B．membership C．relationship D．leadership
26.(2022徐州中考）From my ________ on the top of the TV tower, I can have a perfect view of our city.
A．Tradition（传统）B．Condition（条件；状况）C．position D．situation
、名词的数
【※3-1规则变化】
变化规则 示例
+s Book books
x,sh,ch,s结尾+es (西施吃蒜) Box--boxes watch--watches brush--brushes bus--buses
辅音字母+y--变y为i+es Library libraries 【boy--boys】
以o 结尾 黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿（+es）, Photo video bamboo...+s
F/fe结尾--变ves 妻子(wife)持刀去宰狼，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌， 躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life)，半(half)片树叶遮目光
【※3-2不规则变化】
单数 复数 汉语
foot feet 脚
tooth teeth 牙齿
mouse mice 老鼠
man men 男人
child children 小孩
ox oxen 公牛
【※3-3国民复数】[口诀：中日不变，英法变，其余s加后面]
a Chinese--2 Chinese(两个中国人) an Englishman --3 Englishmen(3个英国人) a German--5 Germans(5个德国人)
【※3-4复合名词】
规则 示例
前者不变，后者变；男人女人若出现，前者后者都得变 3 apple trees a woman teacher--2 women teachers
有人加人后，无人加最后，代词不是人 grow-ups sons-in-law forget-me-nots
前有冠词，后有名词，杠号相连，永葆单数 a 1-hour documentary a 2-hour documentary a 8-year-old boy
我的家庭是一个大家庭。My family is a big family.
我的家人很友好。My family are kind.
只有复数形式的名词pants(裤子），trousers(裤子），glasses(眼镜），scissors（剪刀），shoes(鞋），socks(袜子）等词在句子中用作复数，谓语动词或相应的代词要用复数形式。
The shoes are 40 dollars.这双鞋40美元。
重点难点
(1)英语中部分名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词，但是表达的意义有所不同。
词汇 不可数 可数
time 时间 次数/时代
life 生活 生命
chicken 鸡肉 鸡
orange 橙汁 橙子
room 空间 房间
experience 经验 经历
work 工作 作品
effort 精力 努力
(2)名词前的修饰语
①只修饰可数名词
few 很少几个 几乎没有 a few 几个
several 几个 many 很多
a great /good many 很多 a(large)number of 若干；大量的
numbers of 很多 quite a few 相当多的
②只修饰不可数名词
little 很少，几乎没有 a little 一点
a good /great deal of 很多 a bit of 一点
a large /small amount of 大量的、少量 much 很多
③可数和不可数名词都可修饰的数量词有：
some 一些 a lot of /lots of 很多
a(large)quantity of /large quantities of 很多、大量 plenty of 大量的
most 大多数的 the rest of 剩余的
any 一些，任何一个 no 没有
【实战演练】
1.(2023·江苏淮安）Jing Haipeng and his team are working in the space station. They’re our heroes (hero).
2.(2023·江苏专题练习）In today’s DIY class, students made cards in different shapes （形状）.
3.(2022·江苏苏州二模）Tan Dun is one of the greatest musicians (音乐家) in the world. I like him very much.
4.(2023·四川德阳）Mr. Yang’s hobbies include singing, painting and playing chess.
5.(2023·四川眉山）The Monkey King can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects.
6.(2023·甘肃平凉预测）—What would you like, sir —________.
A．Two orange B．Two bottles orange C．Two bottles of orange D．Two bottle of orange
7.(2023·甘肃陇南预测）If I have problems ________ my friends, my parents usually give me some ________.
A．about; advise B．about; advises C．with; advices D．with; advice
8.(2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔一模）— What would you like to buy —________.
A．Chicken, vegetable and two kilos of rice B．Chicken, vegetables and two kilos of rice
C．Chickens, vegetable and one kilo of rice D．Chickens, vegetables and two kilos of rices
9.(2022·甘肃金昌·校考一模）—Would you please give me two ________ —Sure, here you are.
A．cup of tea B．cups of teas C．cups of tea D．cup of teas
10._____the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are ____ teachers.
A. A number of; women B. A number of; woman
C. The number of; women D. The number of; woman
11.There are more than one hundred teachers in our school, and most of them are______.
A. men’ teachers B. man teachers C. men teacher D. men teachers
12.The delicious dishes are cooked by __________.
A.women cookers B. women cooks C .woman cooks D. woman cookers
13.(2023·江苏南京·统考一模）—I hear there are three foreign students in your class.
—Yes. One is an ________ and the other two are ________.
A．Australian, Germans B．Australians, Germen
C．Australians, Germans D．Australian, Germen
14.(2021连云港中考）The ________ Lianyungang-Xuzhou High-speed Railway was open to the public this year.
A．180 kilometer long B．180 kilometers long C．180-kilometer-long D．180-kilometers-long
15.The broken ____may cut into your hand if you touch it, you should be careful.
A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles
16.Mr. Jackson keeps lots of _______ on his farm.
A. chickens B. chicken C. goose D. pandas
17.In this test, we’re asked to write a passage of about ______.【宜宾】
A. 80-words B. 80-word C. 80 words D. 80 words’
18.—How ______ is it from your school to home —It's only ______.
A. far; a ten-minutes walk B. long; ten minutes' walk
C. far; ten minutes' walk D. long; a ten-minute walk
19.Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and ______.
A. some rice B. a few rice C. a little rices D. a rice
20.Sam is doing some _______ about the ancient Silk Road.
A. exercise B. operations C. research D. experiments
21.Computers are very useful．They can help us get much ______ on the Internet．
A. games B．information C．courage D．Messages
22.—Are you thirsty —Yes, please give us _______.
A. three bottle water B. three bottle of water C. three bottles of water D. three bottles of waters