2024年中考英语专题复习——过去完成时详解以及练习（含解析）

中考英语过去完成时详解以及练习
一．过去完成时详解
1）概念与结构
概念：过去完成时描述的是一个动作或状态在过去某一时间点之前已经完成或达到的状态。换句话说，它表示的是“过去的过去”的动作或状态。
结构：“助动词had + 过去分词”，其中“had”是过去完成时的助动词，适用于所有人称。
2）基本用法
表示过去某一时间之前已完成的动作：
例句：By the end of last year, he had worked in that company for five years.（到去年年底为止，他已经在那个公司工作了五年。）
解析：此句中，“到去年年底为止”是过去的一个时间点，而“工作了五年”是在这个时间点之前完成的动作，因此使用过去完成时。
表示过去某一动作之前已完成的另一动作：
例句：She had finished her homework before her mother came back.（她妈妈回来之前，她已经完成了作业。）
解析：此句中，“妈妈回来”是一个过去的动作，而“完成作业”是在这个动作之前完成的，所以“完成作业”用过去完成时。
3）与时间状语连用
过去完成时经常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如“before”、“by”等。
与“before”连用：
例句：He had left the house before it started raining.（下雨之前，他已经离开了家。）
解析：“下雨”是一个过去的动作，而“离开家”是在这个动作之前完成的，所以“离开家”用过去完成时。
与“by”连用：
例句：By the time he was twenty, he had traveled to more than ten countries.（到他二十岁的时候，他已经去过了十多个国家。）
解析：“到他二十岁的时候”是一个过去的时间点，而“去过了十多个国家”是在这个时间点之前完成的，因此使用过去完成时。
4）在复合句中的使用
过去完成时经常出现在复合句中，尤其是宾语从句和状语从句中。
在宾语从句中：
例句：She said she had never seen such a beautiful sunset before.（她说她以前从未见过如此美丽的日落。）
解析：主句中的“said”是过去时，而宾语从句中的动作“见过如此美丽的日落”是在“said”之前发生的，因此使用过去完成时。
在状语从句中：
例句：After he had finished his speech, the audience clapped loudly.（他结束演讲后，观众热烈鼓掌。）
解析：主句中的“clapped”是过去时，而状语从句中的动作“结束演讲”是在“clapped”之前完成的，因此使用过去完成时。
练习
1）单项选择题
1.By the end of last year, he _____ his new car for six months.
A. had had B. has had C. had D. has
2.When I got to the airport, the plane _____ already _____.
A. had, taken off B. has, taken off C. had, been taken off D. has, been taken off
3.She _____ her homework before her mother came back from work.
A. finished B. had finished C. has finished D. will finish
2）填空题
By the time he left school, he _____ (learn) English for five years.
By the end of last week, they _____ (build) ten houses.
We _____ (watch) the movie twice before we went to see it in the cinema.
3）改错题
1.She has finished her homework by the time I came back. (改为正确的时态)
2.We have already visited the museum before last Sunday. (改为正确的时态)
4）翻译题
1.到上周末为止，我已经读完了这本小说。
______________________________________
2.在我到达之前，他们已经开始了会议。
_________________________________________
5）语法填空
Last summer, I had an unforgettable experience. By the time I ____(arrive) at my aunt's house, she ____(already prepare) a delicious meal for me. We sat down and ____(begin) to chat. My aunt told me that she ____(see) a wonderful movie the previous night. She said it was so good that she ____(watch) it twice. I was surprised because I ____(not watch) that movie yet.
After dinner, my aunt took me to her garden. She showed me the flowers and vegetables that she ____(grow) that summer. I ____(notice) that some of the flowers ____(already bloom) and the vegetables were growing well. My aunt explained that she ____(spend) a lot of time in the garden that year and it was really rewarding to see the results.Overall, it was a great day. I ____(feel) very lucky to have spent time with my aunt and ____(learn) so much from her. I ____(realize) that she had put a lot of effort into making my visit special and I was grateful for her kindness.
答案及解析：
arrived
解析：短文描述的是过去的事件，所以应该用过去时。By the time引导的时间状语从句中，主句用一般过去时，从句也用一般过去时。
had already prepared
解析：在“我到达”之前，“她已经准备好了饭”，所以“准备饭”的动作发生在“到达”之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时。
began
解析：描述过去的事件，用一般过去时。
had seen
解析：前句提到“the previous night”，表示“看电影”的动作发生在“告诉”之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时。
had watched
解析：“她看了两遍”说明“看电影”的动作发生在“告诉”之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时。
hadn't watched
解析：表示“我”到那个时候还没有看那部电影，用过去完成时。
had grown
解析：描述的是过去某个时间段内完成的动作，用过去完成时。
noticed
解析：描述过去的事件，用一般过去时。
had already bloomed
解析：“已经开花”说明“开花”的动作发生在“注意到”之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时。
had spent
解析：描述过去某个时间段内完成的动作，用过去完成时。
felt
解析：描述过去的感觉，用一般过去时。
learned
解析：描述过去的事件，用一般过去时。
realized
解析：描述过去的认识或理解，用一般过去时。