专题十五 状语从句——2024届中考英语一轮复习进阶讲义【人教版】
一、状语从句
在复合句中,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的从句叫状语从句。状语从句根据它表达的意思可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较(或方式)和条件等类。
二、状语从句的分类
1. 时间状语从句
引导连词有when,while,till,not…until,since,after,before,as soon as。
The bus won't start until everybody gets on.
公共汽车直到每人都上车为止,才开动。
When he knocked at the door I was cooking.
当他敲门时,我正在煮饭。
Last night before he came back home, his wife had already cooked dinner and waited for 2 hours.
昨天晚上在他回到家之前,他的妻子已经做好晚饭足足等了他两小时之久。
2.地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
哪里有志向,哪里就有出路。有志者事竟成。
Where there is a life, there is a hope.
哪里有生命,哪里就有希望。 留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。
Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you.
不管你去哪里,不管你做什么,我都会在此守候你。
3. 原因状语从句
引导连词有because,as,since。
He didn't see the film because he had seen it.
他没有看那部电影,因为他已经看过了。
比较:because, since, as和for
(1) because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
(2) 由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
注意:because不能和so 连用。
4.目的状语从句
引导连词有 that, so that…,in order that。
He must get up early so that he can catch the first bus.
他必须早起,以便能赶上第一辆公共汽车。
So that… 以便/以致……
例如:
①They studied hard so that they could pass the exam.
②They started early so that they caught the early bus.
注意点:
在例句①中,是引导目的状语;在例句②中,是引导结果状语。一般来讲,从句中含有情态动词的,为目的状语。无情态动词的,为结果状语。
5.结果状语从句
引导连词有that,so…that…,such…that。
The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.
这个盒子如此沉,以致我无法抬起来。
such+名词性词组+that…
So+形容词/副词+that… 如此……以致……
例如:
①She is such a good teacher that we all love her.
②It was such a hot day that they didn't go out for a walk as usual.
注意点:
(1) such+a+形容词+名词+that…,可以改写成:so+形容词+a+名词+that…
例句①可以改写成:She is so good a teacher that we all love her.
(2)在such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+that…结构中,形容词如果是many/few或much/little时,用so不用such,即:so + many/few+可数名词复数+that…,so + much/little+不可数名词+that…
①There are so many people in the room that I can't get in.
②The man has so much money that he can buy a car.
6.让步状语从句
引导连词有though,although,even though/if,whatever,however。
Although he is young, he knows a lot of things.
虽然他年龄小,但却认识许多事物。
Even though you don't like him, you still have to be polite.
Whatever you say, I will not change my mind.
注意:although,though不能和but连用。
7.比较(方式)状语从句以than为引导连词。
常见连词(as)…as…; than…; the…, the…
Jim is older than Lucy (is).
吉姆比露西年长。
Skiing is more exciting than running.
The more you practice, the more knowledge you will get.
注意:than 引导的比较状语从句中的谓语常省略。
8.条件状语从句以if, unless为引导连词。
If you eat bad food, you may be ill.
如果你吃到坏了的食物,就会生病。
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will have a sports meet.
注意:主句是将来时,从句用一般现在时。
三、状语从句中常见的误点
1. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句中的时态与主句的搭配:(俗称:主将从现)
2. 原因状语从句because与because of;
Because+从句和because of +n./ pron.
例如:
I was late because I didn't catch the bus.
I was late because of the rain.
典例剖析
1.【2022山东滨州】—I think I am the shyest in my class. What should I do
—Be more active in class, ________ you can improve your ability to express yourself.
A.so that B.unless C.or D.although
2.【2021四川甘孜州】 I waited _______ they finished talking.
A.until B.if C.because
3.【2020四川广元】________ you keep moving, you ll never reach the top of the mountain.
A.If B.Although C.Unless
4.【2022四川凉山】—Let s go camping if it_______ next Saturday.
—But nobody knows if it _________.
A.is fine; rains B.will be fine: rains
C.is fine: will rain D.will be fine: will rain
5.【2020黑龙江牡丹江】 Restaurants must stop offering free plastic bags in Beijing _______ customers ask for them.
A.since B.unless C.because
6.【2021黑龙江大庆】 Would you please tell me about the plan ________ you made ________ your leave
A.who; after B.what; when
C.which; while D.that; before
7.【2020贵州安顺】 Even if we learn something well, we will forget it ________ we use it.
A.while B.until C.unless
8.【2022安徽】Our English teacher is nice and patient she is very strict with us.
A.if B.as C.unless D.though
9.【2021湖南湘西】_______, you will get good grades.
A.If you will work hard
B.If you work hard
C.If you worked hard
10.【2020湖南益阳】 You can surf the Internet _________ you want to know more about the 2020 World Middle School Games.
A.if B.although C.until
11.【2022湖南岳阳】 The movie Nezha is_______ educational ______ I want to see it again.
A.so; that B.such; that C.too; to
12.【2020江苏南京】 We still know little about the Moon ______ men have landed on it.
A.if B.since C.although D.because
13.【2021辽宁丹东】 I don’t like Sun Cinema ________ it has bad service.
A.because B.although C.unless D.until
14.【2020辽宁丹东】—I'm afraid we can t work out the math problem________the teacher helps us.
—That's true. It's too difficult.
A.if B.unless C.because D.as soon as
15.【2020辽宁营口】 The clever boy called 120 ____________ his mother fell down in the kitchen.
A.although B.as soon as C.as long as D.until
答案以及解析
1.【答案】A
【解析】句意:——我觉得我是班上最害羞的。我该怎么办?——在课堂上更加活跃,以便你就可以提高你表达自己的能力。
考查so that引导的目的状语从句。so that以便,引导目的状语从句;unless除非,引导条件状语从句;or或者,表并列;although尽管,引导让步状语从句。分析句子可知,此处表示“在课堂上更加活跃,以便你就可以提高你表达自己的能力”,强调目的,故选A。
2.【答案】A
【解析】句意:我一直等到他们谈完了。
考查连词辨析。until直到……为止;if如果;because因为。根据题意“我等待着____他们谈完了”,结合选项可知此处是说一直等到他们谈完,用until符合题意。故选A。
3.【答案】C
【解析】句意:除非你一直保持前行,否则你决不会到达山的顶端。
考查连词。if如果;although尽管;unless除非。“you keep moving”表达的是条件,此处用unless引导条件状语从句,表示“除非,如果不”,相当于If you don’t keep moving。故选C。
4.【答案】C
【解析】句意:——如果下星期六天气好的话,我们去野营吧。——但没人知道会不会下雨。
考查时态。is fine好的,一般现在时;will be fine好,一般将来时;rains下雨,动词三单;will rain下雨,一般将来时;根据句意理解及句子结构分析可知,第一句中的if是引导的条件状语从句,表示“如果”,所以符合“主将从现”的用法,空格在从句中,所以应该用一般现在时,所以排除答案B/ D选项,而第二句中的if是引导的是宾语从句,表示“是否”,表示这个动作还没有发生,所以应该用一般将来时,故选C。
5.【答案】B
【解析】句意:北京的餐厅必须停止提供免费塑料袋,除非顾客要求。
考查连词辨析。since自从;unless除非;because因为。根据Restaurants must stop offering free plastic bags in Beijing及customers ask for them,可知,除非顾客主动要,否则北京的餐厅不可以提供免费塑料袋,后文表条件,所以空格处填引导条件状语从句的连词unless。故选B。
6.【答案】D
【解析】句意:你能在你离开之前给我讲讲你做的这个计划么?
考查定语从句和状语从句。who谁,指人;what什么,不引导定语从句;which哪一个,指物;that在定语从句中可以代替人或者物。先行词是plan,定语从句用which或者that来引导,which 或者that在定语从句中作宾语。after在……之后;when 当……时候;while当……时候;before在……之前。根据“your leave”可知第二空用before引导时间状语从句,表示“在你离开之前”。故选D。
7.【答案】C
【解析】句意:即使我们学得很好,除非我们使用它,否则我们也会忘记。
考查unless引导的条件状语从句。while当……时;until直到;unless除非。分析句子可知,此处表示“即使我们学得很好,除非我们使用它,否则我们也会忘记”的含义,是unless引导的条件状语从句,强调“除非”,其他两项语意不通。故选C。
8.【答案】D
【解析】句意:尽管我们的英语老师对我们很严格,但是她很好也很有耐心。
考查连词辨析。if如果;as由于;unless除非;though尽管。根据句意,前文Our English teacher is nice and patient“我们的英语老师很好也很有耐心”,后文she is very strict with us“她对我们很严格”,可知,后文表让步关系,尽管她很严格,但是她很好也很有耐心,所以空格处填though。故选D。
9.【答案】B
【解析】句意:如果你努力学习,你就会考到好成绩。
考查If引导的条件状语从句的用法。If you will work hard 一般将来时态;If you work hard 一般现在时态;If you worked hard 一般过去时态。If引导的条件状语从句,需遵循“主将从现”的用法,从句用一般现在时表示将来。故选B。
10.【答案】A
【解析】句意:如果你想知道更多关于2020年世界中学运动会的信息,你可以上网。
考查连词辨析。if如果,引导条件状语从句;although尽管,引导让步状语从句;until直到……为止,引导时间状语从句。空前讲“你可以上网”,空后讲“你想知道更多关于2020年世界中学运动会的信息”,空后是空前动作进行的条件,用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。
11.【答案】A
【解析】句意:《哪吒》这部电影是如此的有教育意义以至于我想再看一遍。
考查连词辨析。so…that和such…that都是“如此……以至于……”的意思,so后修饰形容词或副词,句型是so+形容词或副词+that从句;such后修饰名词,句型是:such a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句或such+形容词+可数名词复数或不可数名词+that从句;too…to这一结构意为“太……以至于不能……”,后面跟动词原形,题目中第二个空后是句子,因此C不对;第一个空后educational是形容词,应用so…that结构,故选A。
12.【答案】C
【解析】句意:虽然人类已经登上月球,但我们对月球仍然知之甚少。
考查连词。if如果;since自……以来;although虽然;because因为;根据句意理解及句中的still可知,这里表达的是“虽然”,故选C。
13.【答案】A
【解析】句意:我不喜欢太阳电影院,因为它的服务不好。
考查连词。because因为;although尽管;unless除非;until直到……才。根据句意及句子结构,空格后的句子是前面句子的原因,故空格处应填入表原因的连词because,引导原因状语从句,故选A。
14.【答案】B
【解析】句意:——如果老师不帮助我们,恐怕我们解不出这道数学题。——那是真的。它太难了。
考查连词辨析。if如果;是否;unless除非,如果不;because因为;as soon as一……就。根据句意“It’s too difficult”可知,这个数学题很难,因此这里表示“如果没有老师帮助,就不会……”,应用unless引导条件状语从句。故选B。
15.【答案】B
【解析】句意:妈妈一摔倒在厨房里,这个聪明的男孩就叫了120。
考查连词辨析。although尽管;as soon as一……就……;as long as只要;until直到。根据The clever boy called 120及his mother fell down in the kitchen,可知,男孩的妈妈一摔倒,他就叫了120,强调两个动作几乎同时发生,所以空格处填as soon as。故选B