人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Reading and Thinking 语言点讲义
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人教版选择性必修三Unit4 Reading and Thinking语言点讲义
1.An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton - this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of .( Page 38)跟随伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士前往南极探险﹣﹣这可是我梦寐以求的冒险之旅啊。
★ dream of 梦想；梦见
Now Lucy waited for the war to end and dreamed of peace and a new library .露西现在等待着战争结束，梦想着拥有和平和一个新的图书馆。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体结构的含义
She dreamed that one day she would be famous .
结构 dream that ...
含义 梦想……
Last night Mary dreamed a sweet dream .
结构 dream a / an ... dream
含义 做一个……的梦
【即学即用】
翻译句子
He dreamed of being a pianist when he was very young .
他在很小的时候就梦想当一名钢琴家。
②1 couldn ' t sleep again after dreaming a terrible dream .
我做了一个噩梦后就再也睡不着了
2. However , when I applied to join the expedition , Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn ' t qualified .( Page 38)然而，当我申请参加这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。
★(1) apply vi .申请；请求；应用
He is applying for a volunteer job .
他正在申请一份志愿者工作。
If you apply yourself to the job in hand , you ' ll soon finish it .
如果你专心做手头的工作，你很快就会完成的。
【合作探究】
读一读．细观察
阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology .
词性 动词
含义 应用
② Apply the paint to the prepared wood and allow it to dry .
词性 动词
含义 涂；敷
③Not every applicant has a degree .
词性 名词
含义 申请人
记一记·长知识
apply (to...) for...（向......）申请......
apply oneself to...致力于；集中精力于
apply to...适应
apply... to...把......运用到......;
把......涂到......上
applicant n.申请人
★(2) turn down 拒绝 He turned down the suggestion .他拒绝了那项提议。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词组的含义
She turned up the radio when she heard her favourite song .
含义 调高（声音）
He had promised to come but didn ' t turn up .
含义 出现；露面
The 31st Olympic Games turned out a great success
含义 结果是；证明是
I ' d appreciate it if you could turn the music down .
含义 调低
Can you turn on the TV
含义 打开
I want to sleep and turn off the TV .
含义 关闭
Please turn to me for help when you are in trouble .
含义 求助于；转向
说一说·勤归纳
turn up出现；到场；调高
turn down调低；拒绝
turn on 打开
turn out 结果是；证明是
turn to 求助于；转向
turn off 关闭
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①Your missing watch will turn up I ' m sure .
②It turned out that the meeting was successful .
③Turn to page 30, please .
④What you said doesn ' t apply to me .
翻译句子含义
⑤They applied to other medical institutions for aid .
他们向其他医疗机构求援。
⑥ In this way they can apply theory to practice .
这样他们就能把理论应用于实践。
3.But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship , the Endurance , and hid in a small cupboard .( Page 38) 但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的"坚忍号"轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。
剖析 so ... that ..．表示"如此……以至于……"，其中的 that 在句中引导结果状语从句。
My mother is so stubborn that I can never persuade her to give in .
我的母亲很固执，我从来都不能说服她让步。
★ enthusiastic adj ．热情的；热心的
The retired worker is very enthusiastic about the idea .
这位退休工人对这个想法很感兴趣。
【合作探究】
读一读．细观察
阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①The monitor helps the students in need enthusiastically .
词性 副词
含义 热情地；热心地
②Football is my great enthusiasm .
词性 名词
含义 热衷的事物
③However , a good host , light enthusiasm is far from enough .
词性 名词
含义 热情；热心；热忱
说一说．勤归纳
be enthusiastic about...对......热心
enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地
enthusiasm n.热情；热心；热忱；热衷的事物
【即学即用】
翻译句子
Although she ' s a beginner , she played with great enthusiasm .
虽然她是个新手，但演奏时却充满了激情。
The singer got an enthusiastic reception .
那位歌手受到了热情欢迎。
Unfortunately , three days after we set off I was discovered .( Page 38)不幸的是，在我们出发三天后，我被发现了。
★ set off 出发；动身
What time are you planning to set off tomorrow
你明天计划什么时候动身？
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词组的含义
① Be careful that you don ' t set the fireworks off by mistake
含义 使爆炸
②The incident set off a chain of events .
含义 引起
③The moment she arrived home , she set out to clean the house .
含义 开始工作；展开任务
④The children asked his father how he should set about doing the work .
含义 开始（做）
⑤A new company has been set up in my hometown .
含义 建立；创立
⑥ Please set down the sentences on the blackboard .
含义 写下；记下
说一说·勤归纳
set off 出发；动身；使爆炸；引起
set out 开始工作；展开任务
set about 开始（做）
set down 写下；记下
set up 建立；创立
记一记·长知识
表示"动身去某地"时，可用 set out / off for 十地点；
表示"开始做某事"时， set out to do sth = set about doing sth
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
He set up a lab of his own at the age of eight .
The horse set out at a spanking.
He set down his ideas on the paper .
句型转换
They succeeded in what they set out to do .
→ They succeeded in what they set about doing.
How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to !( Page 38)等我回来，当我告诉每个人我去过的那些神奇地方，大家该会多么羡慕我啊！
★ envy n .& vt ．羡慕；妒忌
I envy you your health .
我羡慕你有个好身体。
Out of envy he said such things .
出于妒忌他说了这些事。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
I feel no envy at / of his riches .
词性 名词
含义 羡慕；嫉妒
② He is the envy of the whole class .
词性 名词
含义 慕或嫉妒的对象
Envious glances were cast at Tom .
词性 形容词
含义 羡慕的；嫉妒的
说一说．勤归纳
【即学即用】
翻译句子
They envy him his good fortune .
他们羡慕他的好运气。
His new house was the envy of all his friends .
他的新居成了他所有朋友羡慕的对象。
6. And when the ship sank , our hearts sank with it .( Page 38) chances of getting the job .船沉了，我们的心也跟着下沉。
★ sink vi ．沉没；下沉；下降 vt ．使下沉；使沉没
On the voyage , the ship was attacked and sank .
在航海中，这艘船遭到袭击，沉没了。
With his problem settled , he sank back into his comfortable chair with relief .
问题解决后，他如释重负地倒在他那把舒适的椅子上。
On its first voyage , the big ship hit an iceberg and then sank to the bottom of the sea .
在第一次航行时，这艘大船撞上了冰山，然后沉到了海底。
【合作探究】
读一读．细观察
阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①The dirty dishes are in the sink .
词性 名词
含义 洗碗槽
②The lack of money will certainly sink our plan
词性 动词
含义 使失败
记一记·长知识
sink vt ．使下沉；使沉没；使失败
sink vi ．沉没；下降；下沉
Sink n．洗碗槽
sink to 沉到
sink into被完全理解；逐渐进入状态
Before we abandoned the ship , Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies - the small boats , our food , the cook stove , candles , clothes , and blankets .( Page 38在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把大家召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品﹣﹣小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毛毯。
★ abandon vt ．舍弃；抛弃；放弃
By no means shall we abandon searching for the missing people .
我们绝不会放弃寻找失踪者。
【合作探究】读一读．细观察阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
① Those who abandon themselves to despair can ' t succeed .
词性 动词
含义 陷入；沉湎于（某种情感）
② The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon .
词性 名词
含义 放任；放纵
③ He is abandoned to reading all kinds of books in his spare time .
词性 形容词
含义 放纵的
说一说．勤归纳
abandon oneself to ...陷入；沉湎于（某种情感）
abandon doing sth 放弃做某事
with abandon 放纵地；放任地
be abandoned to 沉湎于．.
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①The child was found abandoned ( abandon ) but unharmed .
②He abandoned himself( he ) to despair .
句型转换
③The boy abandoned himself to playing computer games and missed many courses .
→ Abandoned to playing computer games, the boy missed many courses .
→ Abandoning himself to playing computer games , the boy missed many courses .
1.An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton - this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of .( Page 38)跟随伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士前往南极探险﹣﹣这可是我梦寐以求的冒险之旅啊。
★ dream of 梦想；梦见
Now Lucy waited for the war to end and dreamed of peace and a new library .露西现在等待着战争结束，梦想着拥有和平和一个新的图书馆。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体结构的含义
She dreamed that one day she would be famous .
结构 dream that ...
含义 梦想……
Last night Mary dreamed a sweet dream .
结构 dream a / an ... dream
含义 做一个……的梦
【即学即用】
翻译句子
He dreamed of being a pianist when he was very young .
他在很小的时候就梦想当一名钢琴家。
②1 couldn ' t sleep again after dreaming a terrible dream .
我做了一个噩梦后就再也睡不着了
2. However , when I applied to join the expedition , Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn ' t qualified .( Page 38)然而，当我申请参加这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。
★(1) apply vi .申请；请求；应用
He is applying for a volunteer job .
他正在申请一份志愿者工作。
If you apply yourself to the job in hand , you ' ll soon finish it .
如果你专心做手头的工作，你很快就会完成的。
【合作探究】
读一读．细观察
阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology .
词性 动词
含义 应用
② Apply the paint to the prepared wood and allow it to dry .
词性 动词
含义 涂；敷
③Not every applicant has a degree .
词性 名词
含义 申请人
记一记·长知识
apply (to...) for...（向......）申请......
apply oneself to...致力于；集中精力于
apply to...适应
apply... to...把......运用到......;
把......涂到......上
applicant n.申请人
★(2) turn down 拒绝 He turned down the suggestion .他拒绝了那项提议。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词组的含义
She turned up the radio when she heard her favourite song .
含义 调高（声音）
He had promised to come but didn ' t turn up .
含义 出现；露面
The 31st Olympic Games turned out a great success
含义 结果是；证明是
I ' d appreciate it if you could turn the music down .
含义 调低
Can you turn on the TV
含义 打开
I want to sleep and turn off the TV .
含义 关闭
Please turn to me for help when you are in trouble .
含义 求助于；转向
说一说·勤归纳
turn up出现；到场；调高
turn down调低；拒绝
turn on 打开
turn out 结果是；证明是
turn to 求助于；转向
turn off 关闭
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①Your missing watch will turn up I ' m sure .
②It turned out that the meeting was successful .
③Turn to page 30, please .
④What you said doesn ' t apply to me .
翻译句子含义
⑤They applied to other medical institutions for aid .
他们向其他医疗机构求援。
⑥ In this way they can apply theory to practice .
这样他们就能把理论应用于实践。
3.But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship , the Endurance , and hid in a small cupboard .( Page 38) 但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的"坚忍号"轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。
剖析 so ... that ..．表示"如此……以至于……"，其中的 that 在句中引导结果状语从句。
My mother is so stubborn that I can never persuade her to give in .
我的母亲很固执，我从来都不能说服她让步。
★ enthusiastic adj ．热情的；热心的
The retired worker is very enthusiastic about the idea .
这位退休工人对这个想法很感兴趣。
【合作探究】
读一读．细观察
阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①The monitor helps the students in need enthusiastically .
词性 副词
含义 热情地；热心地
②Football is my great enthusiasm .
词性 名词
含义 热衷的事物
③However , a good host , light enthusiasm is far from enough .
词性 名词
含义 热情；热心；热忱
说一说．勤归纳
be enthusiastic about...对......热心
enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地
enthusiasm n.热情；热心；热忱；热衷的事物
【即学即用】
翻译句子
Although she ' s a beginner , she played with great enthusiasm .
虽然她是个新手，但演奏时却充满了激情。
The singer got an enthusiastic reception .
那位歌手受到了热情欢迎。
Unfortunately , three days after we set off I was discovered .( Page 38)不幸的是，在我们出发三天后，我被发现了。
★ set off 出发；动身
What time are you planning to set off tomorrow
你明天计划什么时候动身？
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词组的含义
① Be careful that you don ' t set the fireworks off by mistake
含义 使爆炸
②The incident set off a chain of events .
含义 引起
③The moment she arrived home , she set out to clean the house .
含义 开始工作；展开任务
④The children asked his father how he should set about doing the work .
含义 开始（做）
⑤A new company has been set up in my hometown .
含义 建立；创立
⑥ Please set down the sentences on the blackboard .
含义 写下；记下
说一说·勤归纳
set off 出发；动身；使爆炸；引起
set out 开始工作；展开任务
set about 开始（做）
set down 写下；记下
set up 建立；创立
记一记·长知识
表示"动身去某地"时，可用 set out / off for 十地点；
表示"开始做某事"时， set out to do sth = set about doing sth
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
He set up a lab of his own at the age of eight .
The horse set out at a spanking.
He set down his ideas on the paper .
句型转换
They succeeded in what they set out to do .
→ They succeeded in what they set about doing.
How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to !( Page 38)等我回来，当我告诉每个人我去过的那些神奇地方，大家该会多么羡慕我啊！
★ envy n .& vt ．羡慕；妒忌
I envy you your health .
我羡慕你有个好身体。
Out of envy he said such things .
出于妒忌他说了这些事。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
I feel no envy at / of his riches .
词性 名词
含义 羡慕；嫉妒
② He is the envy of the whole class .
词性 名词
含义 慕或嫉妒的对象
Envious glances were cast at Tom .
词性 形容词
含义 羡慕的；嫉妒的
说一说．勤归纳
【即学即用】
翻译句子
They envy him his good fortune .
他们羡慕他的好运气。
His new house was the envy of all his friends .
他的新居成了他所有朋友羡慕的对象。
6. And when the ship sank , our hearts sank with it .( Page 38) chances of getting the job .船沉了，我们的心也跟着下沉。
★ sink vi ．沉没；下沉；下降 vt ．使下沉；使沉没
On the voyage , the ship was attacked and sank .
在航海中，这艘船遭到袭击，沉没了。
With his problem settled , he sank back into his comfortable chair with relief .
问题解决后，他如释重负地倒在他那把舒适的椅子上。
On its first voyage , the big ship hit an iceberg and then sank to the bottom of the sea .
在第一次航行时，这艘大船撞上了冰山，然后沉到了海底。
【合作探究】
读一读．细观察
阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①The dirty dishes are in the sink .
词性 名词
含义 洗碗槽
②The lack of money will certainly sink our plan
词性 动词
含义 使失败
记一记·长知识
sink vt ．使下沉；使沉没；使失败
sink vi ．沉没；下降；下沉
Sink n．洗碗槽
sink to 沉到
sink into被完全理解；逐渐进入状态
Before we abandoned the ship , Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies - the small boats , our food , the cook stove , candles , clothes , and blankets .( Page 38在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把大家召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品﹣﹣小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毛毯。
★ abandon vt ．舍弃；抛弃；放弃
By no means shall we abandon searching for the missing people .
我们绝不会放弃寻找失踪者。
【合作探究】读一读．细观察阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
① Those who abandon themselves to despair can ' t succeed .
词性 动词
含义 陷入；沉湎于（某种情感）
② The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon .
词性 名词
含义 放任；放纵
③ He is abandoned to reading all kinds of books in his spare time .
词性 形容词
含义 放纵的
说一说．勤归纳
abandon oneself to ...陷入；沉湎于（某种情感）
abandon doing sth 放弃做某事
with abandon 放纵地；放任地
be abandoned to 沉湎于．.
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①The child was found abandoned ( abandon ) but unharmed .
②He abandoned himself( he ) to despair .
句型转换
③The boy abandoned himself to playing computer games and missed many courses .
→ Abandoned to playing computer games, the boy missed many courses .
→ Abandoning himself to playing computer games , the boy missed many courses .