XCS2023—2024学年第一学期期末教学质量检测
高二英语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5 小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the man looking for
A. Vegetables. B. Orange juice. C. An employee.
2. What is Pat wearing
A. A white hat. B. A white shirt. C. A brown shirt.
3. What did the man borrow from the woman
A. Her iPhone. B. Her iPod C. Her gym bag.
4. Who will the man call
A. His wife. B. His boss. C. A taxi.
5. What happened to the woman
A. She was late for school.
B. She got lost while driving.
C. She couldn't find a parking spot.
第二节（共15 小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman say about puppies
A. They are free. B. They need shots. C. They eat vegetables.
7. What does the boy offer to do
A. Build a house for the puppy.
B. Take good care of the puppy.
C. Give the puppy some of his food.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Why does the man want the door oiled
A. It's very old B. It's hard to open. C. It makes too much noise.
9. When does the woman usually come home
A. Late at night. B. In the middle of the day. C. Early in the morning.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What does the man expect for the year
A. It'll be fun. B. It'll be difficult. C. It'll be easy.
11. What does the man plan to do
A. Major in English. B. Volunteer at the zoo. C. Attend medical school.
12. How often will the woman be volunteering
A. Every day. B. Every weekend. C. Three days a week.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Who did the woman just meet
A. A psychologist. B. Her doctor. C. One of her friends.
14. What might be the cause of the woman's sleeping problems
A. Anxiety. B. Too much work. C. The pills she takes.
15. What does the man suggest
A. Exercising outdoors.
B. Talking more often to others.
C. Not using the computer for a while.
16. When does the man usually fall asleep
A. At 8pm. B. At 9pm. C. At 10pm.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. When did the storm start
A This morning. B. This afternoon. C. Last night.
18. Who has been rescued by boat
A. People living in low areas.
B People living near the hills.
C. People living near the ocean.
19. How many people are without power
A. Thousands. B. Hundreds. C. Several.
20. What does the Weather Service suggest people do
A. Not leave their homes.
B. Turn off their electricity.
C. Drive carefully through water.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The British Art Prize 2023
Artists & Illustrators is proud to announce the return of the British Art Prize, a major art competition open to artists of all levels. All shortlisted (被列入候选名单的) artworks will be exhibited at a leading London gallery in November 2023. Shortlisted artists will be invited to an opening evening reception alongside artists, collectors and other VIP guests.
PRIZBS
The British Art Prize has four fantastic prizes. They are:
· FIRST PRIZE
The overall winner of the British Art Prize will receive a 3,000 cash prize, a seven-night luxury Ama Waterways river trip for two on the Seine worth over 5,000, a 250 gift voucher (礼券) from Rosemary &. Co, and a six-page feature in a future issue of Artists & Illustrators.
· SECOND PRIZE
A 500 cash prize, a Derwent Lightfast Wooden Box, a Lightfast Paper Pad (together worth 520) and inclusion in the Artists & Illustrators British Art Prize winners’ special issue.
· THIRD PRIZE
A 500 cash prize and inclusion in the Artists & Illustrators British Art Prize winners’ special issue.
· PEOPLE’S CHOICE AWARD
A 1,000 cash prize, a Pegasus Art voucher worth 500 and a feature in the January 2024 issue of Artists & Illustrators.
HOW TO ENTER
Simply visit artistsandillustrators.co.uk/britishartprize and fill out the online form. Attach digital photographs of your artworks when requested and click the “submit” button to complete your entry. The entry fee for the first artwork is 18 and 15 for any additional artwork.
SELECTION PROCESS
Submissions close at 5 p. m. on Friday, 4th August. Our judges will select a shortlist of 50 artworks, including the three top prize winners. The People’s Choice Award will be decided by a public vote. The British Art Prize 2023 shortlist will be announced online on Saturday, 30th September and in the November issue of Artists &Illustrators.
1. When will the shortlisted artworks be exhibited
A. In August 2023. B. In September 2023.
C. In November 2023. D. In January 2024.
2. Which prize’s winner will be provided with a voyage
A. First Prize. B. Second Prize.
C. Third Prize. D. People’s Choice Award.
3. How much should you pay if you submit three artworks
A. 33. B. 36. C. 45. D. 48.
B
Félix “Andarin”Carvajal was a born runner. As a boy, he spent his childhood running up and down nearby hills. Years later, as a postman, Carvajal became well-known in the city of Havana, and eventually, he began to put his fame to use,seeking out donations so he might represent Cuba as a marathon runner at the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, Missouri. At the time, there was no state support for Olympic athletes in Cuba.
But even with the money, Carvajal nearly didn’t make it there. His journey to the Games took him first to New Orleans，where he lost all the money he had saved up for the trip. In a foreign city, Carvajal began to walk north up along the Mississippi River to St. Louis. It was hundreds of miles, but between walking and hitching(搭便车) rides, he was able to reach St. Louis in time for his event.
It was August in St. Louis and Carvajal stood in the staging area，hungry and out of shape and tired. Carvajal took off to a commanding early lead despite the fact that he had not eaten for two days. Carvajal had never particularly believed in pacing himself. Carvajal was mostly self-trained and his ideas about running had always been straightforward: to run far and run fast and run until you can’t go anymore. But 26.2 miles is a long distance. Carvajal was reported to have picked and eaten five green apples while running and became badly ill with a stomachache. Miraculously, Carvajal managed to return to the race and finish in fourth place.
The 1904 Olympics was the peak of Carvajal’s international career. But he remained a runner for the rest of his life. At 55 years old, Carvajal ran the entire length of Cuba along the country’s main highway, a distance of nearly 700 miles. Toward the end of his life, he performed a short running demonstration.“This is to show you that I still run,” he told the crowd.
4. What did Carvajal use his fame to do
A. Get a job as a postman.
B. Inspire more people to run.
C. Support professional athletes in Cuba.
D. Raise money for his trip to the Olympics.
5. What happened to Carvajal according to paragraph 2
A. He lost all his money. B. He got lost in a foreign city.
C. He traveled round New Orleans. D. He walked to the Mississippi River.
6. What did Carvajal believe in
A. Keeping pace with most runners.
B. Running fast from the beginning.
C. Speeding up in the middle of a race.
D. Running at an average speed all through a race.
7. Which is the best title of the passage
A. A man always in need. B. A man born for medals.
C. A man always on the move. D. A man devoted to charity.
C
400 million tons of plastic are generated annually, most of which comes from single-use plastic While countries are making progress in reducing this waste through paper bags and straws, there are still applications where the properties of plastic are necessary.
Transparent (透明的) wood is an alternative for such applications and is highly preferred since it prevents the harm of petroleum-derived (石油衍生的) plastic products. German scientist Siegfried Fink first created transparent wood in the year 1992, and over the past three decades it has been significantly improved by other researchers as well.
In its natural form, wood is not transparent. However, researchers have found that removing lignin, a naturally occurring biopolymer that provides structural support for the plant tissue, can make it transparent. To do so, the wood is soaked in a warm solution consisting of multiple chemicals, followed by boiling it in another solution. This removes the lignin completely and turns the wood white. However, the space that was occupied by lignin needs to be filled up to maintain structural integrity. This process is done by using a resin (树脂) at a temperature of 185 Fahrenheit (85℃).
The final product can have as much as 90 transparency, and it doesn’t break easily. More importantly, it is more biodegradable than glass or plastic.
While transparent wood isn’t commercial yet, it has been employed in a wide variety of applications ranging from construction to energy storage, making flexible electronics and packaging.
The researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology ( IIT) conducted a life-cycle analysis (LCA) of transparent wood to determine the environmental impact of its production and end-of-life (EOL) cycle. The study found that using hydrogen peroxide for delignification, followed by using epoxy for infiltration, was the most eco-friendly. When scaled up for industrial production, the former method would lower electricity consumption by as much as 98. 8 percent.
EOL analysis showed that transparent wood had a reduced ecological impact compared to polyethylene (聚乙烯), paving the way for it to be commercially adapted to replace the petroleum-based material.
8. Why is transparent wood preferred compared to plastic
A It is easier to make. B. It is environmentally friendly.
C It can be used longer. D. It can be used repeatedly.
9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The natural form of wood. B. The importance of chemicals.
C. How transparent wood is made. D. How lignin keeps wood strong.
10. What did the researchers at IIT find about transparent wood
A. It can be recycled.
B. It will replace plastic soon.
C. The most eco-friendly way to produce it.
D. Potential damage caused by it to the environment.
11. What can be expected of transparent wood’s marketing
A. Promising. B. Difficult. C. Profitable. D. Uncertain.
D
The fruit-tree pinhole borer (针孔蛀虫), as its name implies, makes holes in fruit trees. It lays its eggs and raises its young in the galleries thus created . Yet the beetles (甲虫) do not feed directly on the wood they bore into. Instead, they devour fungi (真菌) that grow on the wood thus exposed.
Researchers have long suspected that this is a form of farming, because they have evidence that the beetles carry spores (孢子) of their preferred crop, R. sulphurea, into their smallholdings—in effect, sowing it there.
Observations of natural fruit-tree pinhole-bore r dwellings suggest that R. sulphurea grows in them more abundantly (大量地) than might be expected, given all the fungal competition around—but not why. To check whether the beetles are, indeed, weeding their crop, Janina Diehl and Peter Biedermann of the University of Freiburg did an experiment.
In the laboratory, they had mother beetles of the little wood bore restablish nests, in which the typical fungal gardens formed. But before the beetles had started laying their eggs, they collected all of the beetles and then returned half to their dwellings while leaving the other nests empty. Genetic analysis of the fungal gardens after 40 days showed that the presence of the beetles had greatly changed the fungal community. Twenty days after that, they sampled the gallery walls for fungi.
As they had hoped and expected, R. sulphurea was much more abundant in beetle-tended galleries than in those without residents. In the former, it made up half of the fungal mass extracted. In the latter, less than a third. These beetles are indeed weeding their crop.
“Further research into how exactly the beetles suppress the growth of weed fungi could alsoprovide worthwhile insights for human agriculture, which is struggling with weed resistance, for example,” says Biedermann. “It’s highly exciting for us to see how nature has been doing this for 60 million years. We humans can still learn something from these mechanisms.”
12. What does the underlined word “devour” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Sow. B. Tend. C. Eat. D. Move.
13. In which aspect were the two groups of nests different
A. The number of the mother beetles. B. The presence of the beetles.
C. The quality of food fungi. D. The types of weed fungi.
14. What did Diehl find about the fruit-tree pinhole borer
A. They weed crops. B. They feed on fruit.
C. They live in groups. D. They lay eggs in trees.
15. What can be learned from Biedermann’s words
A. The research findings are of little value.
B. Measures should be taken to protect the beetles.
C. Fungi cause much damage to human agriculture.
D. Further research to the beetles might benefit farmers.
第二节（共5 小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Avoiding loneliness
It doesn’t follow that you’re lonely just because you live alone, but there’s evidence that it can affect your health, increasing your risk of heart disease, cancer, and mental health problems. ____16____. Acknowledging it and trying to understand what’s causing you to feel that way is the first step to doing something about it.
____17____. Instead of watching TV or checking your phone, go for a walk and chat with someone. Better still, offer to take a neighbor's dog for a walk—dog owners love other’ dog’ people!
Build your community online. The internet has the potential to bring like-minded people together. ____18____. Try a neighbourhood app like Next Door or Nearcircles. You may take part in a fitness community (group workouts or a running club), a work community (co-working space), or a hobby community (a writers’ meetup). Your local library will also be able to help you find activities and what’s on near home.
Pick up the phone. Or make a video call. Don’t wait for family and friends to make the first move; get in touch for a chat and make it a habit.
Get involved. ____19____. Helping out at the local food bank or charity shop will not only give you a warm, happy feeling, but you’ll also get to meet other volunteers—and it will give you something to talk about with friends.
Plan ahead. Everyone’s busy, so getting people together can take organisation and motivation. ____20____.
A. Make time for people
B. Talk about your feelings
C. So, if at times you feel lonesome, don’t ignore it
D. Don’t be embarrassed at the causes of your loneliness
E. However it needs to translate into meeting up in real life
F. Rather than unclearly suggesting meeting up, follow up quickly with a proposed date
G. Volunteering is good for physical and mental health, and allows you to connect with people
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15 小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
My family always had some sort of animal around, but none of them were truly mine. My parents didn’t permit me to ____21____ my own until I was seven years old. Finally, I was ____22____ to have my own ____23____, a fish called George. I said it was my responsibility to ____24____ it.
Every Friday I would clean out his bowl. I found myself ____25____ invitations to go somewhere immediately after school, because I would have to feed my fish first. Every day he would remind me that I was ____26____ and that I had someone depending on me.
One day, I came home from school and headed to my room to ____27____George. I found a ____28____ thing had happened. I ____29____ my bag and ran over to the bowl. I saw my best friend George floating around lifeless.
My mom walked into my room. I turned around as tears started to well in my eyes. “Mommy, George d…d…died.” With that _____30_____ word I started crying uncontrollably. My mom came to my side as I hid my face in my pillows.
Suddenly, I realized that George hadn’t just _____31_____ me. He had taught me what _____32_____ meant. I learned it through feeding him and cleaning his bowl. This made me feel _____33_____ . To my seven-year-old self, this was a great _____34_____ . Slowly, a smile crossed my face. George was gone._____35_____ , the lessons he taught me would forever be carved into my memory.
21. A. draw B. imagine C. have D. share
22. A. doubtful B. excited C. surprised D. afraid
23. A. toy B. mind C. time D. pet
24. A. take care of B. make use of C. get hold of D. look forward to
25. A. reading out B. putting away C. turning down D. showing off
26. A. replaced B. recognized C. affected D. needed
27. A. feed B. save C. impress D. find
28. A. basic B. terrible C. funny D. familiar
29. A. dropped B. emptied C. hid D. checked
30. A. common B. last C. extra D. new
31. A. left B. reminded C. defeated D. chosen
32. A. preference B. independence C. difficulty D. responsibility
33. A. safe B. good C. sorry D. tired
34. A. agreement B. treatment C. disappointment D. achievement
35. A. Otherwise B. Besides C. However D. Therefore
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever wondered what life is like now ____36____ (compare) to, say, the 1980s or the 1990s I went to ask some people I know who were adults in the ‘80s and 90s’, and the answer I got was that “Overall, life is a lot ___37___ (good) now!” This didn’t really surprise me. I mean, these days we’ve got mobile phones and the internet and so on — but ____38____(actual) those weren’t the things they talked about.
So what did they talk about For ____39____ start, we don’t have to work physically hard since now there are a lot of things like dishwashers for housework. Then there’s the matter of how, these days, ____40____ is possible to work at home — it’s mainly ____41____(computer) that have made this possible. Not only that, there’s a lot more ____42____ (equal) now. It’s easier for all people, whatever their social background, gender (性别), colour and so on, to have equal access ____43____ a variety of career opportunities.
That said, it’s not all a matter of improvement. Quite a few people told me that they feel more stressed these days because they rely a lot on technology and they are always ____44____(anxiety) about security on the internet. Plus, we spend a lot of our time _____45_____ (use) smartphones. One person said, “Wouldn’t it be great to be off the grid (不上网) for a few days ”
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你叫李华，你的加拿大朋友Tom最近被一个中国朋友邀请参加他奶奶的80岁生日，Tom写信向你了解中国老年人过生日的方式，请你给他写封邮件介绍有关情况。内容包括：
1. 生日聚会形式；
2. 生日礼物及其象征意义。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Tom,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Lu Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a cold, stormy winter day, an old friend invited me out for a cup of coffee. We met by his house, and as we walked down the street, we passed by a small cafe with a sign hanging on the door that read, “You’re welcome in. We have suspended(待用) coffee.”
“Suspended coffee ” I asked my friend. “What does that mean ” “You’ve never heard of it ” my friend asked, and I shook my head. “Follow me,” he told me, and we joined the line of people standing in front of the cash register.
“What can I offer you today ” The cashier asked a couple of young lawyers who were looking at the menu. “I think we’ll take three cups of coffee,” one of them said. “2 now, and 1 suspended.” The cashier nodded, as if it were an ordinary order, took payment and placed two cups of hot coffee on the counter. The two thanked him, took the two cups and left without waiting for the third. The next in line was an older couple. “Same order as always ” The cashier smiled at them. “Yes, thank you,” replied the woman. “But please add two suspended coffees, we haven’t purchased any of those for quite a while.”
Our turn to order arrived. “Good morning!” said the cashier. “How can I help you ” “I think we’d like two cups of coffee,” my friend said. When our order was ready, we took our cups and sat down to drink them together. “But what does ‘suspended coffee’ mean ” I asked my friend. He said, “It’s for someone else who needs it, please wait and see.”
Nearly two hours passed. The cafe was almost empty of people when the door suddenly opened and a man in old shabby (破旧的) clothes and a tired look came in and stood quietly in front of the cash register.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
He thought for a moment and then asked quietly, “Do you have a suspended coffee ”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It was then that I knew what “suspended coffee” meant completely.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案：1—5 BCBAC 6—10 BCCAB 11—15 CBBAA 16—20 CBABAXCS2023—2024学年第一学期期末教学质量检测
高二英语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5 小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the man looking for
A. Vegetables. B. Orange juice. C. An employee.
2. What is Pat wearing
A. A white hat. B. A white shirt. C. A brown shirt.
3. What did the man borrow from the woman
A. Her iPhone. B. Her iPod C. Her gym bag.
4. Who will the man call
A. His wife. B. His boss. C. A taxi.
5. What happened to the woman
A. She was late for school.
B. She got lost while driving.
C. She couldn't find a parking spot.
第二节（共15 小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman say about puppies
A. They are free. B. They need shots. C. They eat vegetables.
7. What does the boy offer to do
A. Build a house for the puppy.
B. Take good care of the puppy.
C. Give the puppy some of his food.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Why does the man want the door oiled
A. It's very old B. It's hard to open. C. It makes too much noise.
9. When does the woman usually come home
A. Late at night. B. In the middle of the day. C. Early in the morning.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What does the man expect for the year
A. It'll be fun. B. It'll be difficult. C. It'll be easy.
11. What does the man plan to do
A. Major in English. B. Volunteer at the zoo. C. Attend medical school.
12. How often will the woman be volunteering
A. Every day. B. Every weekend. C. Three days a week.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Who did the woman just meet
A. A psychologist. B. Her doctor. C. One of her friends.
14. What might be the cause of the woman's sleeping problems
A. Anxiety. B. Too much work. C. The pills she takes.
15. What does the man suggest
A. Exercising outdoors.
B. Talking more often to others.
C. Not using the computer for a while.
16. When does the man usually fall asleep
A. At 8pm. B. At 9pm. C. At 10pm.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. When did the storm start
A. This morning. B. This afternoon. C. Last night.
18. Who has been rescued by boat
A. People living in low areas.
B. People living near the hills.
C. People living near the ocean.
19. How many people are without power
A. Thousands. B. Hundreds. C. Several.
20. What does the Weather Service suggest people do
A. Not leave their homes.
B. Turn off their electricity.
C. Drive carefully through water.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The British Art Prize 2023
Artists & Illustrators is proud to announce the return of the British Art Prize, a major art competition open to artists of all levels. All shortlisted (被列入候选名单的) artworks will be exhibited at a leading London gallery in November 2023. Shortlisted artists will be invited to an opening evening reception alongside artists, collectors and other VIP guests.
PRIZBS
The British Art Prize has four fantastic prizes. They are:
· FIRST PRIZE
The overall winner of the British Art Prize will receive a 3,000 cash prize, a seven-night luxury Ama Waterways river trip for two on the Seine worth over 5,000, a 250 gift voucher (礼券) from Rosemary &. Co, and a six-page feature in a future issue of Artists & Illustrators.
· SECOND PRIZE
A 500 cash prize, a Derwent Lightfast Wooden Box, a Lightfast Paper Pad (together worth 520) and inclusion in the Artists & Illustrators British Art Prize winners’ special issue.
· THIRD PRIZE
A 500 cash prize and inclusion in the Artists & Illustrators British Art Prize winners’ special issue.
· PEOPLE’S CHOICE AWARD
A 1,000 cash prize, a Pegasus Art voucher worth 500 and a feature in the January 2024 issue of Artists & Illustrators.
HOW TO ENTER
Simply visit artistsandillustrators.co.uk/britishartprize and fill out the online form. Attach digital photographs of your artworks when requested and click the “submit” button to complete your entry. The entry fee for the first artwork is 18 and 15 for any additional artwork.
SELECTION PROCESS
Submissions close at 5 p. m. on Friday, 4th August. Our judges will select a shortlist of 50 artworks, including the three top prize winners. The People’s Choice Award will be decided by a public vote. The British Art Prize 2023 shortlist will be announced online on Saturday, 30th September and in the November issue of Artists &Illustrators.
1. When will the shortlisted artworks be exhibited
A. In August 2023. B. In September 2023.
C. In November 2023. D. In January 2024.
2. Which prize’s winner will be provided with a voyage
A. First Prize. B. Second Prize.
C. Third Prize. D. People’s Choice Award.
3. How much should you pay if you submit three artworks
A. 33. B. 36. C. 45. D. 48.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2023年英国艺术奖的相关情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“All shortlisted (被列入候选名单的) artworks will be exhibited at a leading London gallery in November 2023. (所有入围作品将于2023年11月在伦敦一家知名画廊展出。)”可知，所有入围作品将于2023年11月在伦敦一家知名画廊展出。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据FIRST PRIZE部分中“The overall winner of the British Art Prize will receive a 3,000 cash prize, a seven-night luxury Ama Waterways river trip for two on the Seine worth over 5,000(英国艺术奖的总冠军将获得3000英镑的现金奖励，以及价值超过5000英镑的阿玛水道塞纳河七晚豪华双人游)”可知，FIRST PRIZE为获奖者提供一次旅行。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据HOW TO ENTER部分中“The entry fee for the first artwork is 18 and 15 for any additional artwork.(第一件作品的报名费为18英镑，其他作品的报名费为15英镑。)”可知，如果提交三件作品，第一件为18英镑，第二件和第三件共计30英镑，故一共为48英镑。故选D。
B
Félix “Andarin”Carvajal was a born runner. As a boy, he spent his childhood running up and down nearby hills. Years later, as a postman, Carvajal became well-known in the city of Havana, and eventually, he began to put his fame to use,seeking out donations so he might represent Cuba as a marathon runner at the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, Missouri. At the time, there was no state support for Olympic athletes in Cuba.
But even with the money, Carvajal nearly didn’t make it there. His journey to the Games took him first to New Orleans，where he lost all the money he had saved up for the trip. In a foreign city, Carvajal began to walk north up along the Mississippi River to St. Louis. It was hundreds of miles, but between walking and hitching(搭便车) rides, he was able to reach St. Louis in time for his event.
It was August in St. Louis and Carvajal stood in the staging area，hungry and out of shape and tired. Carvajal took off to a commanding early lead despite the fact that he had not eaten for two days. Carvajal had never particularly believed in pacing himself. Carvajal was mostly self-trained and his ideas about running had always been straightforward: to run far and run fast and run until you can’t go anymore. But 26.2 miles is a long distance. Carvajal was reported to have picked and eaten five green apples while running and became badly ill with a stomachache. Miraculously, Carvajal managed to return to the race and finish in fourth place.
The 1904 Olympics was the peak of Carvajal’s international career. But he remained a runner for the rest of his life. At 55 years old, Carvajal ran the entire length of Cuba along the country’s main highway, a distance of nearly 700 miles. Toward the end of his life, he performed a short running demonstration.“This is to show you that I still run,” he told the crowd.
4. What did Carvajal use his fame to do
A. Get a job as a postman.
B. Inspire more people to run.
C. Support professional athletes in Cuba.
D. Raise money for his trip to the Olympics.
5. What happened to Carvajal according to paragraph 2
A. He lost all his money. B. He got lost in a foreign city.
C. He traveled round New Orleans. D. He walked to the Mississippi River.
6. What did Carvajal believe in
A. Keeping pace with most runners.
B Running fast from the beginning.
C. Speeding up in the middle of a race.
D. Running at an average speed all through a race.
7. Which is the best title of the passage
A. A man always in need. B. A man born for medals.
C. A man always on the move. D. A man devoted to charity.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了热爱运动Carvajal，坚持跑步的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Years later, as a postman, Carvajal became well-known in the city of Havana, and eventually, he began to put his fame to use,seeking out donations so he might represent Cuba as a marathon runner at the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, Missouri. At the time, there was no state support for Olympic athletes in Cuba.”（多年以后，作为一名邮递员，卡瓦哈尔在哈瓦那市声名鹊起，最终，他开始利用自己的名声，寻求捐款，以便在密苏里州圣路易斯的1904年夏季奥林匹克运动会上代表古巴参加马拉松比赛。当时，古巴没有国家对奥运会运动员的支持。）可知，在Carvajal出名后，Carvajal利用自己的名声为自己能代表古巴参加1904年夏季奥林匹克寻求捐款。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“But even with the money, Carvajal nearly didn’t make it there. His journey to the Games took him first to New Orleans，where he lost all the money he had saved up for the trip. ”（但即使有了钱，卡瓦哈尔也差点没能到达那里。他的奥运之旅首先把他带到了新奥尔良，在那里他失去了所有为这次旅行积攒的钱。）可知，在去参加奥运会的途中——奥尔良，他失去了所有为这次旅行积攒的钱。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Carvajal was mostly self-trained and his ideas about running had always been straightforward: to run far and run fast and run until you can’t go anymore.”（卡瓦哈尔基本上是自学成才，他对跑步的想法一直很直接: 跑得远，跑得快，跑到你再也跑不动为止。）可知，在Carvajal看来，跑步就是跑得远，跑得快，跑到你再也跑不动为止。即他认为从一开始就要跑的快。故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章一开始提到天生爱跑步的Carvajal在自己成名后，他利用自己的名声为自己能代表古巴参加1904年夏季奥林匹克寻求捐款。随后的内容提到了他在奥运会上获得了第四名的成绩，这成为了他运动生涯的巅峰，此后在他的余生中，他一直是一名跑步者。55岁时，Carvajal跑完了整个古巴，直至他生命的最后，他依旧做了一个简短的跑步演示。告诉人们，他还在跑步，所以文章的标题可以为“一直在跑步的人”，选项C符合题意，故选C。
C
400 million tons of plastic are generated annually, most of which comes from single-use plastic While countries are making progress in reducing this waste through paper bags and straws, there are still applications where the properties of plastic are necessary.
Transparent (透明的) wood is an alternative for such applications and is highly preferred since it prevents the harm of petroleum-derived (石油衍生的) plastic products. German scientist Siegfried Fink first created transparent wood in the year 1992, and over the past three decades it has been significantly improved by other researchers as well.
In its natural form, wood is not transparent. However, researchers have found that removing lignin, a naturally occurring biopolymer that provides structural support for the plant tissue, can make it transparent. To do so, the wood is soaked in a warm solution consisting of multiple chemicals, followed by boiling it in another solution. This removes the lignin completely and turns the wood white. However, the space that was occupied by lignin needs to be filled up to maintain structural integrity. This process is done by using a resin (树脂) at a temperature of 185 Fahrenheit (85℃).
The final product can have as much as 90 transparency, and it doesn’t break easily. More importantly, it is more biodegradable than glass or plastic.
While transparent wood isn’t commercial yet, it has been employed in a wide variety of applications ranging from construction to energy storage, making flexible electronics and packaging.
The researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology ( IIT) conducted a life-cycle analysis (LCA) of transparent wood to determine the environmental impact of its production and end-of-life (EOL) cycle. The study found that using hydrogen peroxide for delignification, followed by using epoxy for infiltration, was the most eco-friendly. When scaled up for industrial production, the former method would lower electricity consumption by as much as 98. 8 percent.
EOL analysis showed that transparent wood had a reduced ecological impact compared to polyethylene (聚乙烯), paving the way for it to be commercially adapted to replace the petroleum-based material.
8. Why is transparent wood preferred compared to plastic
A. It is easier to make. B. It is environmentally friendly.
C. It can be used longer. D. It can be used repeatedly.
9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The natural form of wood. B. The importance of chemicals.
C. How transparent wood is made. D. How lignin keeps wood strong.
10. What did the researchers at IIT find about transparent wood
A. It can be recycled.
B. It will replace plastic soon.
C. The most eco-friendly way to produce it.
D. Potential damage caused by it to the environment.
11. What can be expected of transparent wood’s marketing
A. Promising. B. Difficult. C. Profitable. D. Uncertain.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是透明木材的制作和优点。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Transparent (透明的) wood is an alternative for such applications and is highly preferred since it prevents the harm of petroleum-derived (石油衍生的) plastic products.(透明木材是这种应用的替代品，由于它可以防止石油衍生塑料产品的危害，因此非常受欢迎)”可知，透明木材比塑料更受欢迎，因为它是环保的。故选B。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段的“To do so, the wood is soaked in a warm solution consisting of multiple chemicals, followed by boiling it in another solution. This removes the lignin completely and turns the wood white. However, the space that was occupied by lignin needs to be filled up to maintain structural integrity. This process is done by using a resin (树脂) at a temperature of 185 Fahrenheit (85℃).(为此，将木材浸泡在含有多种化学物质的温溶液中，然后在另一种溶液中煮沸。这样可以完全去除木质素，使木材变成白色。然而，木质素所占据的空间需要被填满，以保持结构的完整性。这个过程是通过在185华氏度（85℃）的温度下使用树脂来完成的)”可知，第三段主要讲的是透明木材是如何制成的。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The study found that using hydrogen peroxide for delignification, followed by using epoxy for infiltration, was the most eco-friendly.(研究发现，使用双氧水去木质素，其次使用环氧树脂渗透，是最环保的)”可知，IIT的研究人员发现透明木材最环保的生产方式。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“EOL analysis showed that transparent wood had a reduced ecological impact compared to polyethylene , paving the way for it to be commercially adapted to replace the petroleum-based material.(EOL分析表明，与聚乙烯相比，透明木材对生态的影响更小，为其在商业上取代石油基材料铺平了道路)”可推知，透明木材是有前途的。故选A。
D
The fruit-tree pinhole borer (针孔蛀虫), as its name implies, makes holes in fruit trees. It lays its eggs and raises its young in the galleries thus created . Yet the beetles (甲虫) do not feed directly on the wood they bore into. Instead, they devour fungi (真菌) that grow on the wood thus exposed.
Researchers have long suspected that this is a form of farming, because they have evidence that the beetles carry spores (孢子) of their preferred crop, R. sulphurea, into their smallholdings—in effect, sowing it there.
Observations of natural fruit-tree pinhole-bore r dwellings suggest that R. sulphurea grows in them more abundantly (大量地) than might be expected, given all the fungal competition around—but not why. To check whether the beetles are, indeed, weeding their crop, Janina Diehl and Peter Biedermann of the University of Freiburg did an experiment.
In the laboratory, they had mother beetles of the little wood bore restablish nests, in which the typical fungal gardens formed. But before the beetles had started laying their eggs, they collected all of the beetles and then returned half to their dwellings while leaving the other nests empty. Genetic analysis of the fungal gardens after 40 days showed that the presence of the beetles had greatly changed the fungal community. Twenty days after that, they sampled the gallery walls for fungi.
As they had hoped and expected, R. sulphurea was much more abundant in beetle-tended galleries than in those without residents. In the former, it made up half of the fungal mass extracted. In the latter, less than a third. These beetles are indeed weeding their crop.
“Further research into how exactly the beetles suppress the growth of weed fungi could alsoprovide worthwhile insights for human agriculture, which is struggling with weed resistance, for example,” says Biedermann. “It’s highly exciting for us to see how nature has been doing this for 60 million years. We humans can still learn something from these mechanisms.”
12. What does the underlined word “devour” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Sow. B. Tend. C. Eat. D. Move.
13. In which aspect were the two groups of nests different
A. The number of the mother beetles. B. The presence of the beetles.
C. The quality of food fungi. D. The types of weed fungi.
14. What did Diehl find about the fruit-tree pinhole borer
A. They weed crops. B. They feed on fruit.
C. They live in groups. D. They lay eggs in trees.
15. What can be learned from Biedermann’s words
A. The research findings are of little value.
B. Measures should be taken to protect the beetles.
C. Fungi cause much damage to human agriculture.
D Further research to the beetles might benefit farmers.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了弗莱堡大学的Janina Diehl和Peter Biedermann做了一个实验，表明甲虫可以帮助除草。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文“Yet the beetles (甲虫) do not feed directly on the wood they bore into.(然而，甲虫并不直接以它们钻进的木头为食。)”和“Instead(相反)”可知，划线词所在的句子意为：它们会吞食生长在暴露在外的木头上的真菌。由此可知，devour意为“吞食，吞吃”。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But before the beetles had started laying their eggs, they collected all of the beetles and then returned half to their dwellings while leaving the other nests empty. Genetic analysis of the fungal gardens after 40 days showed that the presence of the beetles had greatly changed the fungal community.(但是在甲虫开始产卵之前，他们收集了所有的甲虫，然后把一半的甲虫送回它们的住所，而把其他的巢穴空着。40天后对真菌园的遗传分析表明，甲虫的存在极大地改变了真菌群落。)”可知，两组巢穴在甲虫的存在方面是不同的。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“To check whether the beetles are, indeed, weeding their crop, Janina Diehl and Peter Biedermann of the University of Freiburg did an experiment.(为了验证甲虫是否真的在给它们的作物除草，弗莱堡大学的Janina Diehl和Peter Biedermann做了一个实验。)”和文章第五段“These beetles are indeed weeding their crop.(这些甲虫确实在除草。)”可知，Diehl发现针孔蛀虫给庄稼除草。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Further research into how exactly the beetles suppress the growth of weed fungi could alsoprovide worthwhile insights for human agriculture, which is struggling with weed resistance, for example,” says Biedermann.(“进一步研究甲虫如何抑制杂草真菌的生长，也可以为人类农业提供有价值的见解，例如，人类农业正与杂草抗性作斗争，”Biedermann说。)”可知，从Biedermann的话中我们可以了解到对甲虫的进一步研究可能会使农民受益。故选D。
第二节（共5 小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Avoiding loneliness
It doesn’t follow that you’re lonely just because you live alone, but there’s evidence that it can affect your health, increasing your risk of heart disease, cancer, and mental health problems. ____16____. Acknowledging it and trying to understand what’s causing you to feel that way is the first step to doing something about it.
____17____. Instead of watching TV or checking your phone, go for a walk and chat with someone. Better still, offer to take a neighbor's dog for a walk—dog owners love other’ dog’ people!
Build your community online. The internet has the potential to bring like-minded people together. ____18____. Try a neighbourhood app like Next Door or Nearcircles. You may take part in a fitness community (group workouts or a running club), a work community (co-working space), or a hobby community (a writers’ meetup). Your local library will also be able to help you find activities and what’s on near home.
Pick up the phone. Or make a video call. Don’t wait for family and friends to make the first move; get in touch for a chat and make it a habit.
Get involved. ____19____. Helping out at the local food bank or charity shop will not only give you a warm, happy feeling, but you’ll also get to meet other volunteers—and it will give you something to talk about with friends.
Plan ahead. Everyone’s busy, so getting people together can take organisation and motivation. ____20____.
A. Make time for people
B. Talk about your feelings
C. So, if at times you feel lonesome, don’t ignore it
D. Don’t be embarrassed at the causes of your loneliness
E. However, it needs to translate into meeting up in real life
F. Rather than unclearly suggesting meeting up, follow up quickly with a proposed date
G. Volunteering is good for physical and mental health, and allows you to connect with people
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. E 19. G 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了避免孤独的策略。
【16题详解】
由上文“It doesn’t follow that you’re lonely just because you live alone, but there’s evidence that it can affect your health, increasing your risk of heart disease, cancer, and mental health problems. (这并不意味着你孤独只是因为你独自生活，但有证据表明它会影响你的健康，增加你患心脏病、癌症和精神健康问题的风险。)”可知，要重视孤独，故C选项“So, if at times you feel lonesome, don’t ignore it (所以，如果你有时感到孤独，不要忽视它)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选C。
【17题详解】
由下文“Instead of watching TV or checking your phone, go for a walk and chat with someone. Better still, offer to take a neighbor's dog for a walk—dog owners love other’ dog’ people! (与其看电视或看手机，不如出去走走，找人聊聊天。更好的办法是，主动帮邻居遛狗，因为主人喜欢其他“狗”人！)”可知，本空要说跟“帮助人们”有关的话题，故A选项“Make time for people (为人们腾出时间)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选A。
【18题详解】
由上文“Build your community online. The internet has the potential to bring like-minded people together. (建立你的在线社区。互联网有可能把志趣相投的人聚集在一起。)”可知，本空要说跟“互联网”有关的话题，故E选项“However, it needs to translate into meeting up in real life (然而，它需要转化为现实生活中的会面)”能与上文构成转折，强调互联网中建立的关系需要转化为现实中的会面，符合题意。故选E。
【19题详解】
由下文“Helping out at the local food bank or charity shop will not only give you a warm, happy feeling, but you’ll also get to meet other volunteers—and it will give you something to talk about with friends. (在当地的食品银行或慈善商店帮忙不仅会给你一种温暖、快乐的感觉，而且你还会遇到其他志愿者——这将给你一些和朋友谈论的话题。)”可知，本空要说跟“志愿者”有关的话题，故G选项“Volunteering is good for physical and mental health, and allows you to connect with people (志愿服务有利于身心健康，并使你能够与他人建立联系)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选G。
【20题详解】
由上文“Plan ahead. Everyone’s busy, so getting people together can take organisation and motivation. (提前计划。每个人都很忙，所以把人们聚集在一起需要组织和动力。)”可知，本空要说跟“计划会面”有关的话题，故F选项“Rather than unclearly suggesting meeting up, follow up quickly with a proposed date (与其含糊地建议会面，不如迅速跟进拟定的日期)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15 小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
My family always had some sort of animal around, but none of them were truly mine. My parents didn’t permit me to ____21____ my own until I was seven years old. Finally, I was ____22____ to have my own ____23____, a fish called George. I said it was my responsibility to ____24____ it.
Every Friday I would clean out his bowl. I found myself ____25____ invitations to go somewhere immediately after school, because I would have to feed my fish first. Every day he would remind me that I was ____26____ and that I had someone depending on me.
One day, I came home from school and headed to my room to ____27____George. I found a ____28____ thing had happened. I ____29____ my bag and ran over to the bowl. I saw my best friend George floating around lifeless.
My mom walked into my room. I turned around as tears started to well in my eyes. “Mommy George d…d…died.” With that _____30_____ word I started crying uncontrollably. My mom came to my side as I hid my face in my pillows.
Suddenly, I realized that George hadn’t just _____31_____ me. He had taught me what _____32_____ meant. I learned it through feeding him and cleaning his bowl. This made me feel _____33_____ . To my seven-year-old self, this was a great _____34_____ . Slowly, a smile crossed my face. George was gone._____35_____ , the lessons he taught me would forever be carved into my memory.
21. A. draw B. imagine C. have D. share
22. A. doubtful B. excited C. surprised D. afraid
23. A. toy B. mind C. time D. pet
24. A. take care of B. make use of C. get hold of D. look forward to
25. A. reading out B. putting away C. turning down D. showing off
26. A. replaced B. recognized C. affected D. needed
27. A. feed B. save C. impress D. find
28. A. basic B. terrible C. funny D. familiar
29. A. dropped B. emptied C. hid D. checked
30. A. common B. last C. extra D. new
31. A. left B. reminded C. defeated D. chosen
32. A. preference B. independence C. difficulty D. responsibility
33. A. safe B. good C. sorry D. tired
34. A. agreement B. treatment C. disappointment D. achievement
35. A. Otherwise B. Besides C. However D. Therefore
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在作者7岁的时候，妈妈给了他一个宠物，一条名为George的鱼。作者觉得照顾好这条鱼是他的责任。后来George死了，但是George教会了他什么叫责任。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的父母直到我七岁才允许我拥有自己的（宠物）。A. draw画画；B. imagine想象；C. have有；D. share分享。根据下文“I was ____2____ to have my own”可知，作者直到7岁才被允许拥有自己的宠物。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，我很高兴有了自己的宠物，一条叫乔治的鱼。A. doubtful怀疑的；B. excited兴奋的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. afraid害怕的。根据上文“My family always had some sort of animal around, but none of them were truly mine.”可知，作者一直没有自己的宠物，现在有了，应该是很兴奋。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. toy玩具；B. mind思想；C. time时间；D. pet宠物。根据“a fish called George.”可知，这条叫George的鱼是作者的宠物。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我说过照顾好它是我的责任。A. take care of照顾；B. make use of利用；C. get hold of抓住；D. look forward to期待。根据下文“Every Friday I would clean out his bowl.”可知，作者觉得自己有责任照顾好这条鱼。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我发现自己会拒绝放学后马上去某个地方的邀请，因为我得先喂鱼。A. reading out大声读；B. putting away把……收起来；C. turning down拒绝，调小；D. showing off炫耀。根据“because I would have to feed my fish first.”可知，因为要喂鱼，作者拒绝了同学的邀请。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天他都会提醒我，有人需要我，有人在依靠着我。A. replaced代替；B. recognized识别；C. affected影响；D. needed需要。根据“that I had someone depending on me.”可知，作者觉得George需要他。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，我从学校回到家，去我的房间喂乔治。A. feed喂养；B. save拯救；C. impress给……留下深刻印象；D. find找到。根据上文“I found myself ____5____ invitations to go somewhere immediately after school, because I would have to feed my fish first.”可知，作者每天回家第一件事就是喂George。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我发现发生了一件可怕的事情。A. basic基础的；B. terrible可怕的；C. funny有趣的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据““Mommy, George d…d…died.””可知，George死了，这对作者来说是一件可怕的事情。故选B。
29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我扔下包，跑到鱼缸边。A. dropped使落下；B. emptied倒空，腾空；C. hid隐藏；D. checked检查。根据“One day, I came home from school”可知，此处指作者放下书包。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：说完最后一个字，我不由自主地哭了起来。A. common普通的；B. last最后的；C. extra额外的；D. new新的。根据“I started crying uncontrollably.”可知，这里是指作者哭之前说完的最后一个字。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我意识到乔治并没有离开我。A. left离开；B. reminded提醒；C. defeated打败；D. chosen选择。根据下文“He had taught me what ____12____ meant. I learned it through feeding him and cleaning his bowl.”可知，坐着觉得George没有离开自己。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他教会了我责任的意义。A. preference偏爱；B. independence独立；C. difficulty困难；D. responsibility责任。根据上文“I said it was my responsibility to ____4____ it.”可知，此处是信息词responsibility的词汇复现。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让我感觉很好。A. safe安全的；B. good好的；C. sorry抱歉的；D. tired劳累的。根据“He had taught me what ____12____ meant. I learned it through feeding him and cleaning his bowl.”可知，作者觉得自己通过喂鱼和清理鱼缸学会了责任的意义，这让他感觉很好。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对7岁的我来说，这是一个伟大的成就。A. agreement同意；B. treatment治疗；C. disappointment失望；D. achievement成就。根据上文“He had taught me what ____12____ meant”可知，作者认为在自己这个年龄学会责任的意义是一个伟大的成就。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，他教给我的教训将永远铭刻在我的记忆中。A. Otherwise否则；B. Besides此外；C. However然而；D. Therefore因此。上文提到“George去世了”，下文提到“他教给我的教训将永远铭刻在我的记忆中。”，上下文形成转折关系。故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever wondered what life is like now ____36____ (compare) to, say, the 1980s or the 1990s I went to ask some people I know who were adults in the ‘80s and 90s’, and the answer I got was that “Overall, life is a lot ___37___ (good) now!” This didn’t really surprise me. I mean, these days we’ve got mobile phones and the internet and so on — but ____38____(actual) those weren’t the things they talked about.
So what did they talk about For ____39____ start, we don’t have to work physically hard since now there are a lot of things like dishwashers for housework. Then there’s the matter of how, these days, ____40____ is possible to work at home — it’s mainly ____41____(computer) that have made this possible. Not only that, there’s a lot more ____42____ (equal) now. It’s easier for all people, whatever their social background, gender (性别), colour and so on, to have equal access ____43____ a variety of career opportunities.
That said, it’s not all a matter of improvement. Quite a few people told me that they feel more stressed these days because they rely a lot on technology and they are always ____44____(anxiety) about security on the internet. Plus, we spend a lot of our time _____45_____ (use) smartphones. One person said, “Wouldn’t it be great to be off the grid (不上网) for a few days ”
【答案】pared
37. better 38. actually
39. a 40. it
41. computers
42. equality
43. to 44. anxious
45. using
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了科技是否真的让人的生活变得更好了。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：你有没有想过，与上世纪80年代或90年代相比，现在的生活是什么样的？空处需填非谓语动词，作状语，compare和life为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填compared。
【37题详解】
考查比较级。句意：总的来说，现在的生活好多了！is后面接形容词作表语，a lot修饰形容词比较级。故填better。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：我的意思是，现在我们有了手机和互联网等等，但实际上这些都不是他们谈论的东西。修饰后面整个句子，需填副词actually，作状语。故填actually。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：首先，我们不需要体力劳动，因为现在有很多东西，比如洗碗机做家务。for a start为固定搭配，意为“首先”。故填a。
【40题详解】
考查it作形式主语。句意：接下来的问题是，这些天，如何使在家工作成为可能——主要是计算机使这成为可能。“it is adj.+to do…”为固定句型，it为形式主语，真正的主语是to work at home。故填it。
【41题详解】
考查名词复数。句意同上。computer为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词，空后的谓语是have made，需填名词复数形式。故填computers。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：不仅如此，现在的平等程度也大大提高了。设空处作表语，且由a lot more修饰，需填名词equality，不可数名词。故填equality。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：所有人，无论其社会背景、性别、肤色等等，都更容易平等地获得各种职业机会。have access to为固定搭配，意为“有机会接触”，to是介词。故填to。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：不少人告诉我，他们现在感到更有压力，因为他们非常依赖科技，他们总是担心互联网的安全。空处需填形容词anxious，作表语，be anxious to为固定搭配，表示“对……感到焦虑”。故填anxious。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，我们花了很多时间使用智能手机。spend some time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花时间做某事”。故填using。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你叫李华，你的加拿大朋友Tom最近被一个中国朋友邀请参加他奶奶的80岁生日，Tom写信向你了解中国老年人过生日的方式，请你给他写封邮件介绍有关情况。内容包括：
1. 生日聚会形式；
2. 生日礼物及其象征意义。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Tom,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Lu Hua
【答案】Dear Tom
In response to your last letter, I’m writing to tell you how birthdays of Chinese seniors are celebrated.
Chinese seniors celebrate their birthdays in different ways. The most common way is to hold a birthday party, at which friends and family get together to have a meal, giving their best wishes to the senior. Often a bowl of noodles, which symbolizes longevity, and a cake which shows families’ love, are specially prepared for the senior. In this way, they express their thanks to their parents or grandparents.
How do you usually celebrate your grandparents’ birthday Please tell me something about it.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生给Tom写封邮件邀请他参加奶奶的80岁生日，介绍中国老年人过生日的方式。
【详解】1.词汇积累
不同的：different→diverse
告诉某人某事：tell sb. sth.→inform sb. of sth.
普遍的：common→ordinary
表达：express→show expression to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Chinese seniors celebrate their birthdays in different ways.
拓展句：Chinese seniors celebrate their birthdays in different ways, which I think you may be interested in.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
In response to your last letter, I’m writing to tell you how birthdays of Chinese seniors are celebrated.（运用了how引导宾语从句）
[高分句型2]
Often a bowl of noodles, which symbolizes longevity, and a cake which shows families’ love, are specially prepared for the senior.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a cold, stormy winter day, an old friend invited me out for a cup of coffee. We met by his house, and as we walked down the street, we passed by a small cafe with a sign hanging on the door that read, “You’re welcome in. We have suspended(待用) coffee.”
“Suspended coffee ” I asked my friend. “What does that mean ” “You’ve never heard of it ” my friend asked, and I shook my head. “Follow me,” he told me, and we joined the line of people standing in front of the cash register.
“What can I offer you today ” The cashier asked a couple of young lawyers who were looking at the menu. “I think we’ll take three cups of coffee,” one of them said. “2 now, and 1 suspended.” The cashier nodded, as if it were an ordinary order, took payment and placed two cups of hot coffee on the counter. The two thanked him, took the two cups and left without waiting for the third. The next in line was an older couple. “Same order as always ” The cashier smiled at them. “Yes, thank you,” replied the woman. “But please add two suspended coffees, we haven’t purchased any of those for quite a while.”
Our turn to order arrived. “Good morning!” said the cashier. “How can I help you ” “I think we’d like two cups of coffee,” my friend said. When our order was ready, we took our cups and sat down to drink them together. “But what does ‘suspended coffee’ mean ” I asked my friend. He said, “It’s for someone else who needs it, please wait and see.”
Nearly two hours passed. The cafe was almost empty of people when the door suddenly opened and a man in old shabby (破旧的) clothes and a tired look came in and stood quietly in front of the cash register.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
He thought for a moment and then asked quietly, “Do you have a suspended coffee ”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It was then that I knew what “suspended coffee” meant completely.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文
He thought for a moment and then asked quietly, “Do you have a suspended coffee ” The cashier smiled and nodded, poured the man a cup of hot coffee and placed it in front of him. The man thanked him, took the coffee and left without paying. Half an hour later, another middle-aged man looking like a beggar came in and asked for a suspended coffee. He took a cup of coffee without paying either. No one else seemed to take notice of this moment, which appeared to be ordinary in this cafe. My friend asked me smilingly, “You see ”
It was then that I knew what “suspended coffee” meant completely. I could not help but be moved by this little gesture. “Anyone can prepay for a cup of coffee for someone less fortunate without making them feel bad. The cup of coffee waits for anyone interested in it, who knows better than us what a warm cup of coffee can do for a cold day,” my friend said. When we got up to leave, I stopped for a moment and went back to the cash register. “I just wanted to buy another cup of coffee. Suspended.” I told him in a soft voice.
【解析】
【导语】文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和朋友路过一家小咖啡馆，门上挂着一块牌子，上面写着:“欢迎您进来。我们有待用咖啡。”作者好奇什么是“待用咖啡”，朋友带着他加入了收银机前的队伍。作者看到前面的律师和老年夫妇都点了“待用咖啡”。朋友告诉作者“待用咖啡”是给其他需要它的人的。将近两个小时过去了，咖啡馆里几乎空无一人，突然门开了，一个衣衫褴褛、神情疲惫的人走了进来，静静地站在收银机前。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“他想了一会儿，然后平静地问:“你们有待用咖啡吗 ””可知，第一段可描写作者看到不同的人来喝“待用咖啡”的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“那时我才完全明白“待用咖啡”是什么意思。”可知，第二段可描写作者的感悟并且也买了一杯“待用咖啡”。
2.续写线索：收银员给那人倒咖啡——那人端起咖啡离开——另一个人没付钱也喝了咖啡——作者被感动——离开时点了“待用咖啡”
3.词汇激活
行为类
①放置：place/lay aside
②注意：take notice of/pay attention to
③买：buy/purchase
情绪类
①感谢：thank/be grateful
②感动的：moved/touched
【点睛】[高分句型1]
No one else seemed to take notice of this moment, which appeared to be ordinary in this cafe.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]
When we got up to leave, I stopped for a moment and went back to the cash register.（运用了when引导时间状语从句）
听力答案：1—5 BCBAC 6—10 BCCAB 11—15 CBBAA 16—20 CBABA
