2024届高考英语阅读理解之社会问题与现象类语篇15篇（含解析）

【高考英语考前特训】题型专练（精选2024年模拟好题）
阅读理解 社会问题与现象类语篇15篇（含答案解析）
A
（2024·河北沧州·一模）"Moja, mbili, tatu…"One, two, three. Juliana Rubashai is counting aloud to show what she has learned in school. Delighted and proud, she counts to 20, but her mother, Zefrina Nandia, adds that Juliana can keep counting, and that she also can do some reading.
Nine-year-old Juliana is one of the children who have received aid through a project run by International Aid Services(IAS)in southwestern Tanzania, where many children stay at home all day, cut off from social contact and schooling. The project improves school facilities and raises local community's awareness about education. They train teachers and lobby(游说)the local authorities. In these ways, IAS is struggling to ensure basic education for everyone.
Zefrina was contacted last year by project coordinator Fortunatus Rafael, who gets in touch with families to get an overview of children's needs and school options. Zefrina had previously asked the local school to enroll Juliana, but was turned down due to lack of resources. Thanks to the project, the school can offer chances to more children.
Part of the project is training teachers in special needs education. Many teachers have received additional training in estimating the degree of a child's disability. During the first year of the project, 270 children with special needs have been evaluated, and of these, 200 got the chance to go to school. The teachers Scolastica Nyoni and Bwigane Mwasipu both appreciate how it has strengthened their skills. "When teaching children with special needs, we know whom to pay extra attention to. This means a closer relation between teachers and students," says Scolastica.
It's a year since Juliana got into the classroom, and her mother notices definite improvement. "She used to be lonely and unhappy. Now, she's much happier and always wants to go to school," says Zefrina. The teachers also notice big changes have taken place in the local community. "Parents are now coming to us to find teachers to teach their children with special needs. Previously, they didn't think that schooling would be possible for these children," says Bwigane.
1．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The life of a Tanzanian girl named Juliana.
B．The challenges faced by Tanzanian children.
C．The success story of a school project in Tanzania.
D．IAS's efforts to improve educational access in Tanzania.
2．What does the underlined word "enroll" in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Assess. B．Award. C．Accept. D．Contact.
3．What do the teachers think of the IAS's project
A．It helps the teachers know their students better.
B．It improves the relationship between the teachers.
C．It offers assistance to the teachers with special needs.
D．It provides disabled students with a chance to recover.
4．How does the IAS's project benefit the community
A．Disadvantaged children receive financial support.
B．The overall awareness of education is raised.
C．More schools are willing to admit local children.
D．Belief in government's policies is strengthened.
B
（2024·广东江门·一模）Demographic changes, such as aging populations and declining birth rates, pose challenges as well as offer opportunities for industries and countries. To overcome the challenges and seize the opportunities, especially to achieve long-term economic sustainability, economies need to enhance policies promoting innovations.
Now many countries in East Asia are facing the aging population and declining working-age population pared with other advanced countries, Japan encountered the population aging problem at a slightly earlier stage, starting in the mid-1990s. As Japan’s percentage of elderly population to the total population increased, it impacted the country’s economy, leading to a contraction in domestic demand and decline in both production and consumption, and restricting the growth of economy.
Some innovative companies have actively increased outward FDI (Foreign Direct Investment), providing cost advantages from inexpensive overseas labor to maintain their cost competitiveness. However, the global economy is facing the challenge of declining trade owing to the protectionism practiced by certain countries. Consequently, the chances of boosting growth through outward FDI may be limited.
Developing artificial intelligence is another solution to the negative impacts of the demographic changes. AI and robotics will play a crucial role in stimulating productivity and innovation by making payment for the decline in the working-age population, and the following increase in productivity will in turn raise the demand for labor by creating new employment opportunities.
AI, robotics and other advanced technologies give rise to new tasks within their fields and across other sectors. Therefore, it is necessary to employ cooperation policies to support corporations that promote innovations by increasing investment in research and development, facilitating the growth of new companies, and building a perfect system to protect intellectual properties. Since AI and robotics may replace certain jobs, it is essential to address the potential challenges they may create in the labor market and work out strategies to ensure a balanced and comprehensive transition.
5．What do we know about demographic changes from the first two paragraphs
A．There is no need to worry since the changes offer opportunities.
B．The changes won’t affect the long-term economic sustainability.
C．Japan is the only advanced country facing the changes at present.
D．Things should be done to overcome the challenges posed by the changes.
6．What does the underlined word “contraction” mean in the second paragraph
A．Push. B．Decrease. C．Pause. D．Change.
7．What is the writer’s attitude to FDI
A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Objective. D．Indifferent.
8．What does the writer advise to tackle the new tasks posed by advanced technologies
A．Withdrawing investment in research and development.
B．Adopting policies that encourage innovation of corporations.
C．Establishing new companies to protect intellectual properties.
D．Creating potential labor market for more possible employments:
C
（2024·山东潍坊·一模）Hiring processes can be thought of as a battle between integrity and dishonesty. You might imagine this is a simple fight between truth-seeking firms and self-promoting candidates, and to a certain extent it is. But companies themselves are prone (有倾向的) to bend reality out of shape in ways that are self-defeating.
Start with the obvious wrongdoers: job applicants. When it comes to writing the resume (简历), they tend to massage (美化) reality into the most appealing shape possible. Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a transformational leader personally responsible for generating millions income; the world economy would be about 15 times bigger than it actually is if all such claims were true. The average British spends four and a half hours a day watching TV and online videos. But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare, using their spare time only for worthy purposes, like volunteering in soup kitchens.
But the tendency to stretch the truth infects companies as well as applicants. The typical firm will write a job description that invariably describes the work environment as fast-paced and innovative, and then lays out a set of improbable requirements for the “ideal candidate”, someone who almost by definition does not exist. Sometimes, the requirements include an ability to go back and change the course of history.
Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews, which are supposed to give prospective employees a genuine sense of the negatives and positives of the job, as well as a clear idea of the company’s corporate culture. One effective strategy is to lay out in text or video, what a typical day in the role would look like.
Such honesty can be its own reward. Research has long suggested that realistic job previews lead to lower turnover and higher employee satisfaction. A paper in 2011 by David Eamest of Towson University and his co-authors concluded that favourable perceptions of the organisation’s honesty are the best explanation for why. So a process designed to uncover the truth about job applicants would run a lot more smoothly if firms were also honest about themselves.
9．Why are “leader” and “enthusiast” mentioned in paragraph 2
A．To present a rule. B．To clarify a fact.
C．To make a comparison. D．To explain a phenomenon.
10．What does the underlined word “stretch” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Overstate. B．Overturn. C．Overlook. D．Overestimate.
11．What are job previews expected to be like in paragraph 4
A．They show a position as it is. B．They are made either in text or video.
C．They are favorable for bigger firms. D．They mainly contain negatives of a job.
12．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Pains and gains of employees. B．How to get the lying out of hiring.
C．How to be more appealing in hiring. D．A wrestle between applicants and companies.
D
（2024·云南·一模）When people think of word innovators throughout history, male writers likely come to mind. Shakespeare is credited with inventing more than 1,700 words, including “bedroom”, “courtship” and “swagger”. Charles Dickens is said to have first used the words “butterfingers” and “doormat”, and Dr. Seuss reportedly came up with “nerd”.
But despite contributions from famous writers, historians say another group has an even greater impact on the development of language: teenage girls. Women lead up to 90 percent of linguistic (语言的) changes, as sociolinguist William Labov observed in the early 2000s. In fact, he wrote, women are often linguistically ahead of men “by a full generation”.
Now women are leading the charge online. Though Oxford University Press’2023 word of the year, “rizz”, meaning charm, was coined by a man, several runners-up, including “situationship” and “swiftie” were inspired or first used by women. The term “goblin mode”, which refers to lazy behavior, was Oxford’s 2022 word of the year and appears to have been first used by a woman on Twitter in 2009.
It’s often impossible to tell who first used new words. But whether or not young girls invent new phrases, they are more likely to be early adopters of the latest lingo (术语), says University of Toronto linguist Sali Tagliamonte, “They’re pushing changes forward.”
There are a handful of possible reasons why girls lead lexical (词汇的) innovation. According to Gretchen McCulloch, author of Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language, women tend to be more socially aware. They have larger social circles and may be exposed to more language diversity. And because women tend to be caregivers, boys usually learn language from their mothers, whereas women and girls learn words from other women.
13．Why does the author mention some words coined by male writers
A．To compare male and female writers.
B．To introduce some well-known writers.
C．To lead in the topic to be talked about.
D．To put forward a point to be proved.
14．Which of the following words was invented by a male
A．Rizz. B．Situationship. C．Swiftie. D．Goblin mode.
15．Who thinks women’s social awareness contributes to lexical innovation
A．Dr. Seuss. B．William Labov.
C．Sali Tagliamonte. D．Gretchen McCulloch.
16．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．New Words Are Added to English Dictionaries
B．Female Teens Take a Lead in Linguistic Changes
C．Women Are More Sensitive to Language Diversity
D．New Terms Make Communication More Colorful
E
（2024·山东德州·一模）Social media provides materialists with ideal opportunities to compare themselves with others, which makes them subject to passive and addictive user behavior. This stresses them out and, ultimately, leads to low life satisfaction, according to a new study.
The researchers headed by Dr. Phillip Ozimek from Germany employed 1, 230 people for their online survey. In order to participate, respondents had to visit at least one social media channel at least once a week. On average, the participants stated they spent just over two hours a day on social media.
The team used six different questionnaires to determine the extent to which the participants had a materialistic attitude and tended to compare themselves with others, whether they used social media more actively or passively, whether they were addicted to social media, how stressed and how satisfied they were with their lives.
“The data showed a stronger materialistic approach goes hand in hand with a tendency to compare oneself with others,” points out Ozimek. This comparison is easy to make on social media, primarily through passive use—by looking at the content posted by other users. Materialism and passive use were also linked to addictive use of social media.
“Users are constantly thinking about the respective channels and fear they’re missing out on something if they aren’t online,” explains Ozimek. “This in turn leads to poorer mental health like stress. The final link in the chain is reduced life satisfaction.”
“Overall, the study provides further evidence that the use of social media is associated with risks, especially for people with a highly materialistic mindset,” says the psychologist. “This is particularly worrying, because social media can stimulate and increase materialistic values through influence r marketing. Meanwhile, the platforms attract materialists anyway, as they’re a perfect way to satisfy materialistic needs.”
“It’s definitely a good idea to be aware of the amount of time you spend on social media and to reduce it,” recommends Ozimek, who advises against giving up social media completely. “If you did, you’re likely to over-correct.” He also suggests recording materialism and social media use in patients undergoing treatment for mental health disorders. “While these factors are often irrelevant, they can be a starting point for additional interventions patients can try out at home.”
17．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．The Virtual World, the Real Danger
B．Showing Superiority Causes Heavy Media Use
C．More Social Media Materialism, Less Happiness
D．Materialistic Values: A Stepping Stone to Discontent
18．To qualify for the survey, a participant must ______
A．be a big spender B．specialize in data analysis
C．be a regular social media user D．upload web surfing history
19．What kind of feeling is expressed by Ozimek in paragraph 6
A．Pessimism. B．Sympathy. C．Shock. D．Concern.
20．What does Ozimek propose concerning using social media
A．Restricting the duration. B．Logging onto well-rated websites.
C．Abandoning it for good. D．Prohibiting patients from using it.
F
（2024·山东菏泽·一模）The apparent complexities of the TikTok algorithm(算法)may actually be as simple as a bag of chips. In a video with more than 700,000 views, creator Celeste Aria laid out her “Dorito theory”, which she uses to explain the addictive nature of endlessly-scrolling social media feeds.
Everyone has a topic they just can’t stop thinking about, and Aria’s Roman Empire is Doritos. In her popular video, she expresses that TikTok scrolling is so addictive because it is never fully satisfying. Like a Dorito, a scrolling session on the For You Page is most stimulating during the first few bites. The end of the chip or video brings a desire to start consuming another one, thus returning to that first-bite feeling.
Essentially, the Dorito theory suggests that activities like eating Doritos, which provide a quick burst of pleasure but lack lasting satisfaction, can be highly addictive. Aria compared it to consuming foods that offer deeper satisfaction, like a hearty steak, where the feeling of fullness and contentment lasts longer.
The theory can apply to a lot of different experiences, but it’s particularly well-suite d as a metaphor for the dopamine(多巴胺)boosts that occur while scrolling through social media feeds. Dr. Jamie Sorenson, a board-certified psychiatrist, said that the Dorito theory is consistent with existing ideas regarding addiction. “The more immediate the reward is, the more likely we are to repeat that behavior, whether it’s eating Doritos or scrolling on social media.”
Aria may not be a licensed medical professional, but she treats junk food the way any nutritionist would. “I’d recommend just trying to remove anything that you think falls into the Dorito category,” she says in her video.
The Dorito theory trend has led to reflections on the nature of addiction and the pursuit of instant satisfaction in today’s society, resonating(共鸣)with many TikTok users who recognize similar patterns in their own lives. So, it feels like it’s only a matter of time before Doritos responds to Aria’s theory.
21．What do the underlined words “Roman Empire” in paragraph 2 probably refer to
A．A video. B．A subject. C．A country. D．A snack.
22．What makes Aria addicted to chips according to the text
A．Social media. B．Different flavors. C．Lasting satisfaction. D．First-bite feeling.
23．How does Aria explain the Dorito theory
A．By introducing a concept. B．By conducting an experiment.
C．By making a comparison. D．By quoting an expert’s words.
24．What is a suitable title for the text
A．TikTok: an appealing platform
B．Celeste Aria: an insightful discoverer
C．Chips or steaks: a challenging choice
D．The Dorito theory: an ongoing hit online
G
（2024·天津河西·一模）Whether you’re considering gap time directly after high school, during college, or a mid-career break, taking a year off is a great opportunity to learn through new experiences, grow beyond your comfort zone, and get out of your ordinary routine.
If your hunger to travel the world, meet new people, and experience new adventures can no longer be ignored, a gap year program is a great opportunity to volunteer abroad, teach abroad, intern abroad, or attend a language school. Whether you’re attracted by a quick tour across country borders on multiple continents, or a long-term stay in a near or distant city, the best way to spend your gap year is completely up to you!
Gap years are becoming increasingly common for students and young professionals. In fact, many find that when applying for jobs, their gap year experience helps their resume stand out among a sea of qualified candidates.
Because of the popularity of gap years, potential gap year travelers have tons of questions like: Is taking a gap year possible
Who takes a gap year
How much does a gap year cost
How can I make the most of my gap year
When is the best time to take a gap year
Will a gap year affect my college applications
What are the pros and cons of a gap year
Am I too old to take a gap year
Are there gap year jobs available
Here at Go Overseas we have detailed information to help you have a year of meaningful growth through exploring your interests, passions, and curiosities, as well as supporting your desire for experiential learning, either locally or abroad. Go through gap year program listings and reviews, read through expert gap year advice and ideas, and decide how to get the most out of your gap year.
25．What do you know about the gap year
A．It is not worthwhile. B．It mainly suits school students.
C．It does more harm than good. D．It contributes to a new routine.
26．Who can consider taking a gap year according to the text
A．People who have only been on the job for a year.
B．People who always want to learn a new language abroad.
C．High school students who are tired of sitting all day long.
D．People who want to achieve work-life balance in the long run.
27．What does a gap year do for job seekers
A．It makes little difference to them.
B．It makes their resumes look more authentic.
C．It makes their potential employers confused.
D．It increases their chances of being hired.
28．What is the purpose of the list of the questions
A．To draw the attention of new gap year travelers.
B．To show the difficulties that a gap year traveler may meet.
C．To reflect what people might want to know about taking a gap year.
D．To explain why people should take a gap year into consideration.
29．What is this text
A．A travel guide.
B．A guide to career choices.
C．An advertisement for taking a gap year.
D．Suggestions for having a wonderful school life.
H
（2024·山东临沂·一模）When American anthropologist Colin Turnbull published The Mountain People in 1972, he referred to his subjects — a Ugandan group called the Ik — as “the loveless people.” After two years of observations, he decided that they reflected humanity’s basic instincts (本能): cheat, thievery, and pitilessness. But when Athena Aktipis and her colleagues from the Human Generosity Project took a deeper look, they identified a community that shared everything. “Turnbull had visited Uganda during a disastrous famine (饥荒). All he saw is what happens when people are starving.” says Aktipis. But her team revealed that despite living under pressure, the Ik placed a high value on helping one another when they could.
Aktipis believes that altruism is more common and beneficial than evolutionary social science has long thought. “It was assumed that people are designed to only do things to help themselves or their relatives.” she says. By studying the unique, selfless practices that helped nine communities across the world to continue to exist, the experts from the Project are looking to show that we are indeed capable of widespread cooperation.
The Maasai people in Kenya provide one of the project’s main points. They rely on two-way friendships for resources like food or water when they’re in need, without expecting any repayment. Also, a world away, in New Mexico, while folks often help transport cattle and receive support in return, they will assist without repayment if someone faces difficulties, such as an injury or the death of a loved one.
Aktipis believes theoretical frameworks she’s perfected through studying these groups can apply broadly to any interdependent systems. Her big goal is to design social-service systems that support everyone. Take market-based insurance in the United States as an example: It’s priced based on individual risk factors such as health histories and where people live, which means millions of Americans can’t afford it. But in a system built on neighboring, pooled costs (合并成本) would level the burden during collective hardship like natural disasters and pandemics.
30．What did Turnbull think of the Ik people
A．Heartless. B．Helpful. C．Restless. D．Generous.
31．What does the underlined word “altruism” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Trying to be strong and tough to survive.
B．Making full use of the surrounding resources.
C．Being devoted to themselves or their relatives.
D．Caring about the needs and happiness of others.
32．What does paragraph 3 intend to convey
A．Friendships guarantee a well-being life.
B．Folks assist each other to get support.
C．Cooperation is a good and natural instinct.
D．People tend to provide resources for free.
33．How does Aktipis intend to apply her findings
A．By designing a policy for public health.
B．By monitoring individual health histories.
C．By creating a system against collective hardship.
D．By lowering insurance prices for individual victims.
I
（2024·河南·三模）Researchers found that young netizens still desire to be in a romantic relationship, and only a few expressed no intention. But young netizens’ willingness to get married is much lower than their willingness to fall in love.
Sina Weibo data shows that among the 5,492 young netizens surveyed,16.4 percent expressed a desire for romance, while only 0.6 percent clearly said they have no intention to have a romantic relationship. However, only 3.4 percent expressed a positive attitude toward marriage as opposed to 1.2 percent who expressed a negative attitude.
Young netizens with a higher education background have a strong er willingness for both romance and marriage. Statistics show that compared to young netizens with a middle school or high school degree, those with a bachelor’s (学士的) or master’s degree are more willing to get involved in a romantic relationship and get married, which might correspond to their high income as people with a higher education level tend to have higher income and are more likely to be able to afford the costs associated with maintaining a healthy romantic relationship and marriage.
Regarding the difference between young netizens’ willingness to have a romantic relationship and their willingness to get married, an analysis of Sina Weibo posts shows a disconnection between relationships and marriage: to fall in love boldly but get married gingerly has become the main trend when it comes to young netizens’ relationship attitudes.
The analysis of Sina Weibo posts reveals that the reason young netizens are unwilling to get married is that they are under the influence of the “anti-social clock” concept and have a higher need to pursue individualized goals and ideals than to follow the ordinary social rhythm. The inequality between rights and duties in marriage and a gender trust crisis caused by issues like domestic violence — both due to insufficient social support systems — are also contributing factors.
34．Which is young netizens’ relationship attitude
A．They relate love to marriage.
B．They prefer romance to marriage.
C．They value romance above education.
D．They disconnect income with education.
35．Why do highly-educated young netizens more desire both love and marriage
A．They are more sociable.
B．They more obey the social rule.
C．They have a higher personal goal.
D．They are able to afford more time.
36．Which can replace the underlined word “gingerly” in paragraph 4
A．Eagerly. B．Simply. C．Carefully. D．Officially.
37．What is emphasized in the last paragraph
A．The complexity of the reasons.
B．The role of social support systems.
C．The potential problems of marriage.
D．The social influence on marriage concept.
J
（2024·广东·一模）If you’ve noticed you’re getting less while your bill almost stays the same, it’s not just you. “Shrinkflation” — reducing a product’s size or quantity while keeping its price stable — is showing up in shops around the world.
As the global economy struggles with inflation (通货膨胀), rising material costs and higher human cost, consumers are bearing the increasing production prices. “Consumers are more likely to notice how their purchases are affecting their wallets than the amount of product lost when sizes decrease,” says Mark Stiving, the chief pricing educator at Impact Pricing. As a result, companies use shrinkflation to make consumers “less painful”.
Yet even as shrinkflation comes with inflation, the problem doesn’t end after inflation does. Once the new sizes are on the shelf, they are likely to stay that way. “Shoppers don’t have a choice. They have to adapt themselves to the changes,” adds Stiving. There are rare exceptions, but companies generally take the opportunity to get more profits.
For many companies, shrinkflation seems to be unavoidable. In food industry, for example, where customers are highly sensitive to price, lifting prices might make customers jump ship to another brand. But facing the continuous inflation, the companies have to do something to maintain their profits. Introducing small reduction in the size of their goods should enable them to improve profits while keeping their prices competitive. But once customers notice the change, they might feel fooled, leading to a loss of trust and confidence.
Some grocers are using stickers to remind shoppers of shrinkflation, but still, it’s a tough hit to the bottom line — especially because the price of products generally doesn’t fall as inflation does. Consumers may need to examine both price and size sensibly as they shop, and make sure they don’t fall into the trap of that super size on the shelf.
38．Why does shrinkflation make consumers “less painful” according to Stiving
A．Shrinkflation reduces human cost.
B．Shrinkflation raises purchasing power.
C．Consumers become more aware of size.
D．Consumers experience little increase in cost.
39．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The concerns of shoppers. B．The interests of companies.
C．The impact of shrinkflation. D．The phenomenon of inflation.
40．What is the author’s attitude to the shrinkflation in paragraph 4
A．Favorable. B．Objective.
C．Dismissive. D．Unclear.
41．What should consumers do according to the last paragraph
A．Draw a bottom line. B．Put warning stickers.
C．Choose smaller packs. D．Make a conscious decision.
K
（2024·陕西汉中·一模）Flip-flops (人字拖) are the most popular type of shoe in the world. They’re comfortable, they’re easy to wear and they’re inexpensive. Unfortunately, most of them are also terrible for the environment. In Kenya, this is a huge problem, and around 90 tons of flip-flops wash up on its shores annually.
In the late 1990s, when Julie Church was working as a marine (海洋的) conservationist in Nairobi, she found an entire beach “just covered in flip-flops”. Around that time, Church also noticed children making toys out of the thousands of flip-flops that had made their way to the country’s beaches. She began working with the kids’ mothers to encourage them to not just collect the shoes, but also turn them into artworks. The families could then sell this art at local markets, providing another means of income.
The idea took off, and in 1998, Church founded Ocean Sole as a nonprofit. This year alone, the organization has upcycled more than 750,000 flip-flops and collected more than 47,000 kilos of waste. Additionally, Ocean Sole directly impacts more than 1,000 Kenyans, many of whom work as flip-flop collectors or artists, and contributes 10% to 15% of overall income to career and educational programs for residents, as well as beach cleanup and conservation efforts.
Ocean Sole is continuously growing and looking to keep waste off Kenya’s beaches and out of its water. When it comes to growing the Ocean Sole organization, Church has three “mantras (真言)”: trust to trade, trade to awareness, and awareness to protection. Church would like to put together toolkits and other resources to bring this concept to other places around the world that have similar problems. Ocean Sole is also encouraging companies to use more eco-friendly materials when making flip-flops. “I think it’s time for us to start looking for an alternative shoe, or an alternative material, to fit that kind of fashion need,” Church has said. “Our products need to develop.”
42．What was the main reason for founding the nonprofit
A．To help Kenyans get healthy.
B．To develop children’s hands-on skills.
C．To protect Kenya’s marine environment.
D．To provide children with artistic flip-flops.
43．What can we say about the organization according to Paragraph 3
A．It is growing in a controlled way.
B．It has a smaller impact than expected.
C．It is running for profit since founded.
D．It has achieved many things with one move.
44．What does Church advise shoe companies to do
A．Lead the fashion trend. B．Advance their products.
C．Practice her three “mantras”. D．Develop global cooperation.
45．What would be the best title for the text
A．Environmental challenges in Kenya.
B．Flip-flops are out of date in Kenya.
C．Ocean Sole turns flip-flops into art.
D．Ocean Sole develops a new national art.
L
（2024·贵州·模拟预测）Recent research has revealed that people with hearing loss are more likely to develop dementia (痴呆), yet only 15% to 25% of adults benefit from hearing aids. Hearing loss often comes on so gradually that many ignore it.
In July, at the annual meeting of the Alzheimer’s Association, Frank Lin from Johns Hopkins University presented results from a random clinical trial of 977 adults between 70 and 84 with untreated hearing loss. One group received good hearing care, including hearing aids, and another group took part in a program about successful aging. Three years later hearing aids didn’t make much difference to the healthiest participants. But those at the higher risk of dementia because of age and health conditions saw a 48% reduction in cognitive (认知的) worsening when they got hearing aids.
When hearing loss is untreated, the brain’s organization changes. Adults with hearing loss need to make extra efforts just to listen, which may overly consume cognitive reserves, says Anu Sharma of the University of Colorado. Hearing loss is also associated with more falls, higher healthcare costs, and increased loneliness. “Hearing is fundamental to healthy aging.” says Nicholas Reed, who worked with Lin on the cognitive-decline study.
These consequences of hearing loss contributed to the government’s decision last year to create a category of over-the-counter (非处方的) hearing aids. Traditional aids averaging $4,700 a pair aren’t covered by Medicare or private insurance. It’s too soon to assess whether the new devices will close the yawning gap between the large need for hearing aids and the smaller demand for them. In one survey, only about half of non-users said they would use hearing aids even if they were free. The key to getting around that dilemma will be “the common desire of wanting to hear well” and the sense that “everyone is doing it”, Lin says. If “wireless earbuds also become hearing aids, that changes the whole perspective of what it means to use hearing technology.”
46．What does the recent research find about people with hearing loss
A．They can recover with the help of technology. B．They can ignore the problem as they get older.
C．They have more chances of getting dementia. D．They’re increasingly helped by the government.
47．What happened to the participants with hearing aids in Frank’s trial
A．Their aging process slowed owing to a program. B．Hearing aids proved a help to cure their illness.
C．They saw a slight boost in their overall health. D．Decline of their cognitive abilities was relieved.
48．How will the brain be affected by untreated hearing loss
A．Its cognitive reserves will be overused. B．Its aging process will be slightly delayed.
C．Some of its functions will be in disorder. D．Its fundamental abilities will be harmed.
49．What does the underlined word “yawning” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Complicated. B．Large.
C．Irreplaceable. D．Appealing.
M
（2024·天津和平·一模）There was much discussion of the concept of “quiet quitting” meaning, doing the bare minimum at work. And perhaps that’s not surprising: nowadays employee’s stress levels are at all-time highs. When you’re exhausted and overwhelmed, it feels like something needs to give up—the pursuit of excellence at work.
But is taking your foot off the gas the answer I’d argue it isn’t. As a writer focused on time management, I’ve come to realize that the opposite of burnout isn’t doing nothing but engagement. That’s what I found when I ran a study with more than 140 busy people. At the beginning, they spoke of feeling exhausted and tapped out. “My work to do list is never ending,”. one person said.
The participants applied time-management strategies over the course of nine weeks. But instead of asking them to scale things back, most of the strategies I taught people were additive. I had them build in regular physical activity, make space for little adventures. And when it came to leisure activities, I asked them to put “effortful before effortless”—to choose those that require action over those that are passive.
I also introduced them to the principle of taking “one night for you”—committing to doing something you enjoy, apart from work and family. As with quiet quitting, this might sometimes mean leaving work a little earlier than usual, but the point is not to do less; the idea is adding energizing activities to your schedule.
And it worked. Over weeks, participants came to feel that their schedules were brimming (充满) with activities that they had actively chosen—and as a result, time felt more abundant. Their satisfaction with how they spent their time overall rose 16 percent from the beginning to the end. They even reported making more progress on their professional goals —pretty much the opposite of quiet quitting—as their increased energy and engagement spilled over into all areas of life.
We each have the same hours every week. But time is also all about the stories we tell ourselves. When life is full of have-to-dos, we can feel beaten down by responsibilities. But add things we actually want to do, and time feels different. We feel a bit more in control of our lives. Put simply, when we put time into what we find energizing, our inner narrative changes. We no longer feel like life is a slog (苦役), when you’re feeling overwhelmed, committing time to something that feels wonderful could be a better bet than simply doing less.
50．According to Paragraph 1, quiet quitting makes one ______.
A．feel exhausted and overwhelmed B．pursue no excellence at work
C．work at all-time highs D．hardly finish the work on time
51．According to the writer, what is the best way for people to handle their exhaustion
A．Proper participation before burning out. B．The cut-down of to-do list and a proper rest.
C．Adding active elements to be effortful. D．Time management and physical activity.
52．What does the underlined part “scale things back” mean in the passage
A．To pay more effort than required. B．To go back to nature and relax.
C．To reflect on the old days. D．To reduce the amount of work.
53．The idea of “one night for you” is suggested, for one can ______
A．enjoy adventure with family members. B．go for physical exercises after work.
C．choose to be an active person at night. D．engage yourself in more favorable things.
54．What is the main idea of paragraph 5
A．Actively choosing activities have positive impact.
B．People are satisfied with more free time to spent.
C．People can make progress if they do not quit quietly.
D．Too much energy may be wasted if not concerned about.
55．What is the proper title of the passage
A．The power of time management.
B．Strategies for a More Satisfying Life.
C．The secret of a happy life: Quiet Quitting.
D．Rejecting Quiet Quitting: Active participation.
N
（2024·安徽安庆·二模）A middle-aged woman playing by herself in the snow is an undeniably odd sight, but maybe it shouldn’t be. New research suggests that modern adults are suffering from overmuch depression, so play may be as essential to our health as sleep. We’ve been in our nature to play, which is causing all kinds of problems—for ourselves, our children, and our planet.
It’s believed that adult play can lead to useful discoveries, which is supported by a study on Bali’s long-tailed monkeys. For her doctoral paper at the University of Lethbridge, animal researcher Camilla Cenni left two types of puzzle boxes for the monkeys to solve. To get the food inside, they had to drop a rock into the container or use it to hit the box. She found the monkeys that previously had been observed dropping rocks for fun were more likely to solve the rock-dropping puzzle, while those that had discovered the joy of tapping rocks together think of the answer to the tapping puzzle.
This finding also suggests that somewhere, deep in our evolutionary history, a playful proto-human(原始人) came up with the concept of stone tools. Even today, the urge to play underlies most of humanity’s greatest inventions, artworks, and scientific breakthroughs, Brown says. “When I interviewed Nobel winners, I was struck by how most of them didn’t separate work and play. Their labs were their playgrounds”.
“The opposite of play isn’t work; it’s depression,” says play researcher Stuart Brown, “Play is all about looking at a tough world with creativity and optimism. It gives us the ability to cooperate and get along with people who differ from us,” He goes so far as to declare that “adult play is necessary for our survival as a species.”
The next time I’m caught playing, I know exactly what I’ll say: “I am not wasting time, or acting immature. I’m doing nothing for the benefit of all humanity. You’re welcome.”
56．What is the phenomenon the author describes at the beginning of the text
A．Playing with snow is strange. B．Wild nature is difficult to find.
C．Many people are stressed out. D．People enjoy living close to nature.
57．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The necessity of the study. B．The importance of adult play.
C．Main activities of monkeys. D．Various functions of a rock.
58．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning a playful proto-human
A．To explain the concept of play. B．To compare two research findings.
C．To highlight scientific breakthroughs. D．To offer some background information.
59．Which of the following best describes the author in the last paragraph
A．Humorous. B．Optimistic. C．Caring. D．Active.
O
（2024·四川宜宾·二模）The latest housing trend in America has nothing to do with decoration, but rather the rise of intergenerational roommates. Described as separated by at least one generation, intergenerational roommate arrangements are growing in the United States, and intergenerational houses have increased four times since 1971.
Pick your explanation — growing isolation among the elderly, rising rents, average life-expectancy increasing, an aging population, or rising college tuition, the fact of the matter is that older folks have space available, and tend to be happy to have a young person around.
In March 2021, there were 59. 7 million U. S. residents who lived with multiple generations under one roof.
“It was perfect-Judith has become like my family,” said Nadia Abdullah, a 25-year-old robotics student who in 2019 moved in with the 64-year-old lawyer, Judith. The arrangement of $700 a month plus help around the house has put her just 6-miles from Boston, and 30 minutes from her robotics job in Beverly Mass. Judith and Nadia were matched together thanks to Nesterly, a renting center specifically designed to create intergenerational roommates.
“Through Nesterly, I lived with Sarah while attending Harvard,” writes a young Nesterly reviewer named Kaplan who provided the exact sort of insight into the service one would imagine. “She provided the type of profound knowledge you just can’t Google-showing me how to garden, to cut a fish, and inject French Romanticism into life.”
Biologically-speaking, an arrangement such as Sarah and Kaplan is kind of the natural state of humanity. Scholars believe this is because our intelligence and life experiences, passed down to the next generation, acts as a secondary way to ensure our genetics are passed on; i. e. if you can live long enough to explain to your children and grandchildren exactly which mushrooms they can eat, which snakes are poisonous, how to hunt with a bow and arrow, those offspring will have a better chance of survival.
60．Which summarizes “intergenerational roommates” best
A．Separated generations’ reunion again.
B．Mixed generations sharing houses together.
C．International older folks’ gathering.
D．Different generations living alone.
61．What contributes to the rise of the latest housing trend in America
A．The elderly with houses desire for young guys’ company.
B．Isolation is growing sharply among the older folks.
C．The average life standard is increasing.
D．The college tuition is rising.
62．What can be learned from Abdullah and Kaplan’s examples
A．They have a deep understanding of the service.
B．They live happily with the elderly free of charge.
C．The elderly provide more knowledge than Google does.
D．The housing trend actually benefits the young a lot.
63．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The exact guidance about the living skills.
B．The way that intergenerational roommates live.
C．The latest study about intergenerational roommates.
D．The reason why intergenerational roommates exist.
参考答案：
1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B
【导语】
本文是说明文。讲述了国际援助服务(IAS)在坦桑尼亚西南部开展的一个项目。该项目改善学校设施，提高当地社区的教育意识。培训教师并游说地方当局。通过这些方式，努力确保每个人都能接受基础教育。
1．
主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“Nine-year-old Juliana is one of the children who have received aid through a project run by International Aid Services(IAS)in southwestern Tanzania, where many children stay at home all day, cut off from social contact and schooling. The project improves school facilities and raises local community's awareness about education. They train teachers and lobby(游说)the local authorities. In these ways, IAS is struggling to ensure basic education for everyone. (9岁的朱莉安娜是通过国际援助服务(IAS)在坦桑尼亚西南部开展的一个项目获得援助的孩子之一。在那里，许多孩子整天呆在家里，与社会接触和上学隔绝。该项目改善了学校设施，提高了当地社区的教育意识。他们培训教师并游说地方当局。通过这些方式，IAS正在努力确保每个人都能接受基础教育。)”可知，本段主要讲述国际会计协会为改善坦桑尼亚的教育机会所作的努力。故选D。
2．词义猜测题。根据下文内容“but was turned down due to lack of resources. Thanks to the project, the school can offer chances to more children.( 但由于缺乏资源被拒绝了。由于这个项目，学校可以为更多的孩子提供机会。)”可知，画线部分“Zefrina had previously asked the local school to enroll Juliana(泽弗里娜之前曾要求当地学校enroll朱莉安娜)”中画线词与accept“接收”意思相近，表示，想要学校接收朱莉安娜，但是学校由于资源缺乏，不能接受更多的孩子。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“The teachers Scolastica Nyoni and Bwigane Mwasipu both appreciate how it has strengthened their skills. "When teaching children with special needs, we know whom to pay extra attention to. This means a closer relation between teachers and students," says Scolastica.(教师斯科拉斯蒂卡·尼奥尼和比维冈·姆瓦西普都很感激这一课程如何提高了他们的技能。“在教育有特殊需要的孩子时，我们知道应该特别注意谁。这意味着师生之间的关系更加密切。”)”可知，这个项目让老师们可以更好地了解他们的学生。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The teachers also notice big changes have taken place in the local community. "Parents are now coming to us to find teachers to teach their children with special needs. Previously, they didn't think that schooling would be possible for these children," says Bwigane.( 老师们还注意到当地社区发生了巨大变化。“家长们现在来找我们找老师来教他们有特殊需要的孩子。以前，他们认为这些孩子不可能上学”Bwigane说)”可知，这个项目让当地人的教育意识提高了。故选B。
5．D 6．B 7．C 8．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了现在很多国家面临人口结构失衡的现象，它们把解决问题的方法投向了人工智能领域。作者呼吁各国政府要出台相应政策支持人工智能的开发，同时也要关注它可能带来的负面影响。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“To overcome the challenges and seize the opportunities, especially to achieve long-term economic sustainability, economies need to enhance policies promoting innovations.(为克服挑战、抓住机遇，特别是实现经济的长期可持续性，各经济体需要加强促进创新的政策)”可知，我们应该采取措施来克服人口变化带来的挑战。故选D。
6．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“As Japan’s percentage of elderly population to the total population increased, it impacted the country’s economy”以及后文“in domestic demand and decline in both production and consumption, and restricting the growth of economy”可知，随着日本老龄人口比例的上升，国家经济受到影响，国内需求“减少”，从而导致生产力和消费下降，经济的增长也受到约束，故划线词意思是“减少”。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段“Some innovative companies have actively increased outward FDI(Foreign Direct Investment), providing cost advantages from inexpensive overseas labor to maintain their cost competitiveness. However, the global economy is facing the challenge of declining trade owing to the protectionism practiced by certain countries. Consequently, the chances of boosting growth through outward FDI may be limited.(一些创新型企业积极增加对外直接投资（FDI），利用海外廉价劳动力的成本优势保持成本竞争力。然而，由于某些国家实行保护主义，全球经济正面临贸易下降的挑战。因此，通过对外直接投资促进增长的机会可能有限)”可推知，作者分别提到了FDI的优点和缺点，即对FDI的态度是客观的。故选C。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Therefore, it is necessary to employ cooperation policies to support corporations that promote innovations by increasing investment in research and development, facilitating the growth of new companies, and building a perfect system to protect intellectual properties.(因此，有必要通过加大研发投入、促进新企业成长、建立完善的知识产权保护制度等合作政策，支持推动创新的企业)”可知，作者建议采取鼓励企业创新的政策来应对先进技术带来的新任务。故选B。
9．D 10．A 11．A 12．B
【导语】
这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了招聘过程中求职者和公司都倾向于夸大事实，很少有公司提供真实的职位预览，但研究表明诚实是一种回报，真实的职位预览会降低离职率，提高员工满意度。
9．推理判断题。第二段中“When it comes to writing the resume (简历), they tend to massage (美化) reality into the most appealing shape possible.(在写简历的时候，他们倾向于把现实情况美化成最吸引人的样子)”提到求职者写简历时会美化现实，下文“Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a transformational leader personally responsible for generating millions income(每个经验稍长的人都是变革型领导者，个人负责创造数百万的收入)”和“But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare, using their spare time only for worthy purposes, like volunteering in soup kitchens.(但平均每位求职者都热衷于公益事业，他们只把业余时间用于有价值的目的，比如在施粥处做志愿)”都是举例具体说明上述现象，故选D。
10．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“as well as applicants(和申请者一样)”以及“The typical firm will write a job description that invariably describes the work environment as fast-paced and innovative, and then lays out a set of improbable requirements for the ‘ideal candidate’, someone who almost by definition does not exist.(典型的公司会撰写一份工作描述，总是将工作环境描述为快节奏和创新的，并提出一套对‘理想候选人’的不太可能的要求，几乎按定义来说，这样的人并不存在)”可知，公司和申请者一样，也有夸大事实的倾向，stretch意为“夸大”，故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段“Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews, which are supposed to give prospective employees a genuine sense of the negatives and positives of the job, as well as a clear idea of the company’s corporate culture. One effective strategy is to lay out in text or video, what a typical day in the role would look like.(很少有公司会在职位预览中准确地描述一个职位的实际工作内容，而预览的目的是让未来的员工真正了解这份工作的优缺点，以及公司的企业文化。一个有效的策略是在文字或视频中列出这个职位的典型一天是怎么过的)”可知，职位预览应该展示一个职位的真实情况，故选A。
12．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Such honesty can be its own reward.(这种诚实本身就是一种回报)”可知，文章介绍了招聘过程中求职者和公司都倾向于夸大事实，很少有公司提供真实的职位预览，但研究表明诚实是一种回报，真实的职位预览会降低离职率，提高员工满意度，B项“如何消除招聘中的谎言”能够总结文章大意，故选B。
13．C 14．A 15．D 16．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了女性青少年对语言的发展产生的影响。
13．推理判断题。由文章第二段“But despite contributions from famous writers, historians say another group has an even greater impact on the development of language: teenage girls. Women lead up to 90 percent of linguistic (语言的) changes, as sociolinguist William Labov observed in the early 2000s. In fact, he wrote, women are often linguistically ahead of men “by a full generation”. (但是，历史学家说，除了著名作家的贡献外，另一个群体对语言的发展产生了更大的影响：少女。正如社会语言学家威廉·拉博夫在21世纪初观察到的那样，女性主导了90%的语言变化。事实上，他写道，女性在语言上往往比男性领先“整整一代”)”可推知，作者提到一些男性作家创造的词是为了引出要谈论的话题，即女性群体对语言的发展产生的影响。故选C。
14．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Though Oxford University Press’2023 word of the year, “rizz”, meaning charm, was coined by a man, several runners-up, including “situationship” and “swiftie” were inspired or first used by women. (牛津大学出版社评选的2023年度词汇中，意为“魅力”的“rizz”是由一位男性创造的，但包括“situation”和“swiftie”在内的几个亚军都是由女性启发或首次使用的)”可知，“rizz”是由一位男性创造的。故选A。
15．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“According to Gretchen McCulloch, author of Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language, women tend to be more socially aware. (《因为互联网：理解语言的新规则》一书的作者格雷琴·麦卡洛克认为，女性往往更有社会意识)”可知，格雷琴·麦卡洛克认为女性的社会意识有助于词汇创新。故选D。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“But despite contributions from famous writers, historians say another group has an even greater impact on the development of language: teenage girls. (但是，历史学家说，除了著名作家的贡献外，另一个群体对语言的发展产生了更大的影响：少女)”可知，文章主要介绍了女性青少年对语言的发展产生的影响。由此可知，Female Teens Take a Lead in Linguistic Changes(女性青少年在语言变化中起主导作用)适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。
17．C 18．C 19．D 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现社交媒体会导致人们的幸福感降低的问题，解释了研究开展的经过以及建议。
17．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Social media provides materialists with ideal opportunities to compare themselves with others, which makes them subject to passive and addictive user behavior. This stresses them out and, ultimately, leads to low life satisfaction, according to a new study.(社交媒体为唯物主义者提供了与他人比较的理想机会，这使他们受到被动和上瘾的用户行为的影响。根据一项新的研究，这会给他们带来压力，最终导致生活满意度降低)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现社交媒体会导致人们的幸福感降低的问题，解释了研究开展的经过以及建议。故C选项“更多的社交媒体唯物主义，更少的幸福”最符合文章标题。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段“ In order to participate, respondents had to visit at least one social media channel at least once a week. (为了参与调查，受访者必须每周至少访问一个社交媒体渠道一次。)”可知，要符合调查资格，参与者必须是社交媒体的常规用户。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据第六段““Overall, the study provides further evidence that the use of social media is associated with risks, especially for people with a highly materialistic mindset,” says the psychologist. “This is particularly worrying, because social media can stimulate and increase materialistic values through influence r marketing. Meanwhile, the platforms attract materialists anyway, as they’re a perfect way to satisfy materialistic needs.”(这位心理学家说：“总的来说，这项研究提供了进一步的证据，证明使用社交媒体与风险有关，尤其是对那些具有高度物质主义心态的人来说。”“这尤其令人担忧，因为社交媒体可以通过影响力营销刺激和增加物质价值。同时，这些平台也吸引了物质主义者，因为它们是满足物质需求的完美方式。”)”可推知，作者表达了一种关心，关注。故选D。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段““It’s definitely a good idea to be aware of the amount of time you spend on social media and to reduce it,” recommends Ozimek, who advises against giving up social media completely. (“意识到你花在社交媒体上的时间并减少它绝对是一个好主意，”奥兹梅克建议，她不建议完全放弃社交媒体。)”可知，Ozimek建议限制时间。故选A。
21．B 22．D 23．C 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Aria用她提出的多力多滋理论解释了社交媒体无尽滚动信息流为何具有高度成瘾性，这一理论引起了广大群众的共鸣，已成为一个热点话题。
21．词义猜测题。根据划线词前“Everyone has a topic they just can’t stop thinking about(每个人都有一个自己无法停止思考的话题)”可推知，Aria的话题是多力多滋薯片，故B项“话题”与划线词含义一致。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Like a Dorito, a scrolling session on the For You Page is most stimulating during the first few bites. The end of the chip or video brings a desire to start consuming another one, thus returning to that first-bite feeling.(就如同吃一袋多力多滋薯片一样，刚开始吃的时候最为诱人且兴奋，用户在“为你推荐”页面上滑动浏览时也是如此，最初的几条内容最能激起人们的兴趣。每当一片薯片或是一个视频结束时，人们便会渴望继续下一个，这样一来又可以重拾那种初见时的新鲜感和兴奋感)”可知，Aria对薯片上瘾正是由于这种“第一口”的感觉。故选D项。
23．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In her popular video, she expresses that TikTok scrolling is so addictive because it is never fully satisfying. Like a Dorito, a scrolling session on the For You Page is most stimulating during the first few bites. The end of the chip or video brings a desire to start consuming another one, thus returning to that first-bite feeling.(在她那部广受欢迎的视频中，她阐述了TikTok滚动浏览之所以如此令人上瘾，是因为它永远无法让人感到彻底满足。就如同吃一袋多力多滋薯片一样，刚开始吃的时候最为诱人且兴奋，用户在“为你推荐”页面上滑动浏览时也是如此，最初的几条内容最能激起人们的兴趣。每当一片薯片或是一个视频结束时，人们便会渴望继续下一个，这样一来又可以重拾那种初见时的新鲜感和兴奋感)”可知，Aria通过类比的方式阐述了多力多滋理论。故选C项。
24．主旨大意题。结合全文及文章最后一段“The Dorito theory trend has led to reflections on the nature of addiction and the pursuit of instant satisfaction in today’s society, resonating with many TikTok users who recognize similar patterns in their own lives. So, it feels like it’s only a matter of time before Doritos responds to Aria’s theory.(多力多滋理论趋势引发了一场对当今社会中成瘾本质以及追求即时满足心理的深刻反思，这一理论在抖音用户中引起了广泛共鸣，许多用户都在自己的生活中识别出了相似的行为模式。因此，看起来多力多滋公司回应Aria这一理论只是时间早晚的问题)”可知，文章主要介绍了Aria的多力多滋理论，且这一理论引起了广大群众的共鸣，已成为一个热点话题，故D项“多力多滋理论：一个网络上持续走红的热点”适合作为文章的标题。故选D项。
25．D 26．B 27．D 28．C 29．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了间隔年的好处，列举了一些关于间隔年的各种常见问题并提供了进一步了解信息的资源与建议。
25．推理判断题。根据第一段“Whether you’re considering gap time directly after high school, during college, or a mid-career break, taking a year off is a great opportunity to learn through new experiences, grow beyond your comfort zone, and get out of your ordinary routine.(无论你是考虑高中毕业后的空档期，大学期间还是职业生涯中期的空档期，休息一年都是一个很好的机会，可以学习新的经验，走出你的舒适区，走出你的日常生活)”以及第二段“If your hunger to travel the world, meet new people, and experience new adventures can no longer be ignored, a gap year program is a great opportunity to volunteer abroad, teach abroad, intern abroad, or attend a language school.(如果你渴望周游世界，结识新朋友，经历新的冒险，那么间隔年计划是一个很好的机会，你可以在国外做志愿者，在国外教书，在国外实习，或者参加语言学校)”可知，间隔年可以学习新的经验，让人走出舒适区，走出日常生活，所以能它有助于形成一种新的生活习惯。故选D项。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段“If your hunger to travel the world, meet new people, and experience new adventures can no longer be ignored, a gap year program is a great opportunity to volunteer abroad, teach abroad, intern abroad, or attend a language school.(如果你渴望周游世界，结识新朋友，经历新的冒险，那么间隔年计划是一个很好的机会，你可以在国外做志愿者，在国外教书，在国外实习，或者参加语言学校)”可知，总是想在国外学习一门新语言的人可以考虑休一个间隔年。故选B项。
27．细节理解题。根据第三段“Gap years are becoming increasingly common for students and young professionals. In fact, many find that when applying for jobs, their gap year experience helps their resume stand out among a sea of qualified candidates.(间隔年在学生和年轻专业人士中变得越来越普遍。事实上，许多人发现，在申请工作时，他们的间隔年经历有助于他们的简历在众多合格候选人中脱颖而出)”可知，对求职者来说，间隔年可以增加他们被聘用的机会。故选D项。
28．推理判断题。根据第四段“Because of the popularity of gap years, potential gap year travelers have tons of questions(由于间隔年的流行，潜在的间隔年旅行者有一大堆问题)”可知，问题列表的目的是为了反映了关于间隔年人们可能想了解的一些信息。故选C项。
29．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“Here at Go Overseas we have detailed information to help you have a year of meaningful growth through exploring your interests, passions, and curiosities, as well as supporting your desire for experiential learning, either locally or abroad. Go through gap year program listings and reviews, read through expert gap year advice and ideas, and decide how to get the most out of your gap year.(在Go abroad，我们有详细的信息，通过探索你的兴趣、激情和好奇心，以及支持你在本地或国外体验式学习的愿望，帮助你有一年有意义的成长。浏览间隔年项目列表和评论，阅读专家的间隔年建议和想法，并决定如何最大限度地利用你的间隔年)”可知，本文主要介绍了休间隔年的好处，列举了一些关于间隔年的各种常见问题，并提供了可以进一步了解信息的资源；由此可知，这是一篇有关间隔年的宣传广告。故选C项。
30．A 31．D 32．C 33．C
【导语】
这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述Athena Aktipis通过研究一个乌干达群体Ik人发现，他们非常重视互相帮助，Aktipis认为利他主义比进化社会科学长期以来认为的更为普遍和有益，可以通过合作建立一个对抗集体困难的制度。
30．细节理解题。根据第一段中“When American anthropologist Colin Turnbull published The Mountain People in 1972, he referred to his subjects — a Ugandan group called the Ik — as ‘the loveless people.’(当美国人类学家Colin Turnbull在1972年出版The Mountain People时，他把他的研究对象——一个叫做Ik的乌干达群体——称为‘无爱的人’)”可知，Turnbull认为Ik人很无情，故选A。
31．词义猜测题。根据第一段末句“But her team revealed that despite living under pressure, the Ik placed a high value on helping one another when they could.(但她的团队透露，尽管生活在压力之下，但Ik人非常重视在可能的情况下互相帮助)”及划线词下文“It was assumed that people are designed to only do things to help themselves or their relatives.(人们被认为只会做有利于自己或亲人的事情)”可知，Ik人会互相帮助，故划线词所在句意为“Aktipis认为，利他主义比进化社会科学长期以来认为的更为普遍和有益”，altruism意为“利他主义”，故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据第三段“The Maasai people in Kenya provide one of the project’s main points. They rely on two-way friendships for resources like food or water when they’re in need, without expecting any repayment. Also, a world away, in New Mexico, while folks often help transport cattle and receive support in return, they will assist without repayment if someone faces difficulties, such as an injury or the death of a loved one.(肯尼亚的马赛人提供了该项目的主要观点之一。当他们需要食物或水等资源时，他们依靠双向友谊，而不期望任何回报。另外，在另一个世界的新墨西哥州，虽然人们经常帮助运输牲畜并获得支持作为回报，但如果有人遇到困难，比如亲人受伤或死亡，他们会无偿提供帮助)”可知，本段旨在通过两个例子表明，合作是一种良好而自然的本能，故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Aktipis believes theoretical frameworks she’s perfected through studying these groups can apply broadly to any interdependent systems. Her big goal is to design social-service systems that support everyone.(Aktipis认为，她通过研究这些群体而完善的理论框架可以广泛应用于任何相互依存的系统)”以及“But in a system built on neighboring, pooled costs (合并成本) would level the burden during collective hardship like natural disasters and pandemics.(但在一个建立在相邻基础上的体系中，在自然灾害和流行病等集体困难时期，合并成本将减轻负担)”可知，Aktipis打算通过建立一个对抗集体困难的制度来应用她的发现，故选C。
34．B 35．B 36．C 37．A
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项调查研究，通过引用新浪微博的数据和统计，文章详细描述了年轻网民在恋爱和结婚方面的态度和倾向，并探讨了影响他们意愿的因素。
34．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Researchers found that young netizens still desire to be in a romantic relationship, and only a few expressed no intention. But young netizens’ willingness to get married is much lower than their willingness to fall in love.(研究人员发现，年轻网民仍然渴望恋爱，只有少数人表示无意。但年轻网民结婚的意愿远低于恋爱的意愿。)”可知，年轻的网民渴望恋爱，但是不太愿意结婚。故选B。
35．
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Statistics show that compared to young netizens with a middle school or high school degree, those with a bachelor’s(学士的) or master’s degree are more willing to get involved in a romantic relationship and get married, which might correspond to their high income as people with a higher education level tend to have higher income and are more likely to be able to afford the costs associated with maintaining a healthy romantic relationship and marriage.(统计数据显示，与拥有初中或高中学历的年轻网民相比，拥有学士学位或硕士学位的年轻网民更愿意恋爱和结婚，这可能与他们的高收入相对应，因为高学历的人往往收入更高，更有可能负担得起维持健康的恋爱关系和婚姻所需的费用。)”可知，高学历的人往往收入更高，更有可能负担得起维持健康的恋爱关系和婚姻所需的费用，这也说明高学历的年轻网民更有可能遵守社会规则，按照传统的方式恋爱和结婚。故选B。
36．
词义猜测题。根据下一段首句“The analysis of Sina Weibo posts reveals that the reason young netizens are unwilling to get married is that they are under the influence of the “anti-social clock” concept and have a higher need to pursue individualized goals and ideals tha