牛津译林版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit2 Understanding each other单词学案（含答案）

选择性必修四 Unit 2 单词学案
1.react /ri kt/ vi.（ 对…）作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应
How do acids react on metals
Many people react badly to penicillin.
How do you think she’ll react when she hears the news
react against对…有反抗作用
react on对…产生影响，和…发生反应
react to对…有反应，对…过敏
react with和…发生反应
reaction n. 反应
the reaction to sth. 对….的反应
in reaction to 对….作出回应/反应
单句语法填空
①If I find anyone who looks like the suspect, my immediate (react) will be to tell the police.
②Hearing how others react the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
③Iron reacts water and air to produce rust.
The rise in oil cost reacts the price of food.
⑤Some birds move northward reaction to rising temperatures.
2.gentle / d entl/ adj. 温柔的；温和的；柔和的
He was a very gentle boy at heart.
He lifted the baby gently out of its crib.
A gentle breeze stirred the leaves.
a man of gentleness一个温柔的人
gently adv. 温柔地
gentleness n. 温顺；亲切；高贵；彬彬有礼
单句语法填空
①He is the (gentle) man I have ever known.
②As the small boat moved (gentle) along the river he was left ④speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
③Women are born with (gentle).
3.encode / n k d/ vt. 把…编码；把…译成电码（或密码）
The two parties encode confidential data in a form that is not directly readable by the other party.
4.mail /me l/ n. 电子邮件；邮政；邮件
Has the morning mail arrived yet
Please mail these letters for me.
5.decode /di k d/ vt. 解（码），破译（尤指密码）
6.feedback / fi db k/ n. 反馈的意见（或信息）
The company welcomes feedback from people who uses the goods it produces.
I’d appreciate some feedback on my work.
单句语法填空
①The teacher will give you feedback the test.
②Did you get any feedback your students
7.competent / k mp t nt/ adj. 足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的
They are very professional and competent.
Her competence as a teacher is unquestionable.
a highly competent man
be competent to do sth.
8.obtain / b te n/ vt. 获得，赢得
He failed to obtain a scholarship.
They obtained a loan from the government.
obtain first-hand information
obtain a license / your knowledge of Chinese history
obtain permission to do sth
9.suit /su t/ vt. 满足需要；相配，合身 n. 套装，西装，西服
He looks handsome in a black suit.
We will have a meeting first. Would Friday morning suit you
His ambition is to make a film that is suitable for children
单句语法填空
① The restaurant became popular for its wide range of foods that (suit)all tastes and pockets.
② Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is suitable the job.
③ The four-day hike begins slowly but quickly changes into a difficult journey (suit) for those in excellent shape.
④ In conclusion, it's not suitable (include)English words in a Chinese dictionary.
10.negotiate /n ɡ ie t/ vi. & vt. 谈判；商定，达成（协议）
If they are prepared to compromise, then we shall negotiate.
We’ve decided to negotiate with the employers about our wage claim.
There was little room for negotiation.
negotiate with sb. about sth. 就某事和某人进行谈判协商
under negotiation 在协商/谈判中
in negotiation with... 和……协商/谈判中
be open to negotiation 可以协商
kick off/enter into/open/conduct negotiations with sb. 和某人开始/展开/进行谈判
单句语法填空
① It is not clear whether the president is willing to negotiate the Democrats.
② A contract is prepared in (negotiate) with our clients.
③ The agreement has been negotiation since 2012.
11.enterprise / ent pra z/ n. 公司，企业；规划，事业，事业心，进取心
The multinational enterprise optimizes productive resources, market opportunities, and talents beyond and across national boundaries.
Horse breeding is a risky enterprise.
They are involved in an exciting scientific enterprise.
We need a spirit of enterprise if we are to overcome our difficulties.
12.straightforward / stre t f w d/ adj. 坦诚的；简单的
A straightforward talk is better than a flowery speech.
in a straightforward manner 以直截了当的方式=straightforwardly adv.
13.fold /f ld/ vt. 折叠，对折；包，裹 n. 褶，褶层，折叠部分
Make another fold and turn the ends together.
The new restaurant folded up in less than a year.
fold sb’s arms 交叉双臂 with one’s arms folded 双臂交叉
fold sb. in one’s arms 拥抱/搂住某人 fold A in B=fold B around/over A 用B包着A
fold up 折叠，对折；倒闭，歇业
unfold v 展开，打开；呈现
单句语法填空
① He folded his umbrella as he entered the room.
② The bird (fold)its wings and stood on a branch.
③ She (fold) her tale to us.
14.friction / fr k n/ n. 争执；摩擦；摩擦力
The friction between us was becoming evident.
Without friction, the brake would not work.
15.clarify / kl r fa / vt. 使更清晰易懂，阐明 ,使清楚，澄清
A bank spokesman was unable to clarify the situation.
It requires great efforts to clarify sewage in cities.
clarify one’s position/attitude 阐明立场/表明态度
clarify the misunderstanding / situation 澄清误解/弄清情况
n. clarification 澄清，阐明；净化
单句语法填空
① It is important (clarify)what the change in the law will mean.
② The union has written to Zurich asking for (clarify)of the situation.
③Don't use the (clarify)water to water flowers.
16.knowledgeable / n l d bl/ adj. 博学的，有见识的’
I wasn’t as technically knowledgeable as Steve.
be knowledgeable about … 在……方面具有丰富的知识
acquire/update /absorb knowledge 获得/更新/吸收知识
have a good knowledge / command of 精通/非常了解 have no knowledge of 不了解
17.empathy / emp θi/ n. [U]同感，共鸣，同情
‘Oh,’ she whispered, her face saddened with empathy, ‘how terrible that must be for you.’
There is a strange empathy between the old lady and her grandson.
Empathy helps us to understand how others feel.
empathize vi. 有同感，产生共鸣
empathize with sb 和某人有同感
18.put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地
Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech.
if I were in your shoes...（引出建议）要是我处在你的境地，换了我是你的话
19.sympathy / s mp θi/ n. 同情；赞同
We expressed our sympathy for her loss.
I have some sympathy with this point of view.
Several hundred workers struck in sympathy with their colleagues.
Our heartfelt sympathy goes out to the victims of the war.
express/have/feel sympathy for sb.对...表示/怀着/感到同情 out of sympathy for... 出于同情
have some/no sympathy with sb 同意/不同意某人(的观点)
in sympathy with...对……表示支持 out of sympathy with sb./sth.不赞成/不支持某人/某物
a letter of sympathy 慰问信
sympathetic adj.有同情心的；赞成的；招人喜爱的 sympathetically adv.同情地；赞同地
sympathize vi. 同情，怜悯；赞同，支持 (with) sympathizer n. 赞同者；支持者
单句语法填空
① He feels great sympathy the little boy whose parents were both killed in an accident.
② I did him a favour out of (sympathetic).
③ I was in sympathy your suggestion.
20.account for sth 是…的说明（或原因）；（数量上、比例上）占
Students account for the vast majority of our customers.
Can you account for all these absences
give sb an account of sth 向某人描述
give the police a full / detailed account of the accident
on account of 由于
take sth. into account / consideration
bank account 银行账户
单句语法填空
① It is parents' absence from family that accounts the children's unhappiness.
② It is said that body language accounts 55 percent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent.
③ I opened account after I made $ 1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.
④ The policeman gave an account the traffic accident.
⑤We should take account the requests of our customers.
⑥It is wrong not to take the interests of the people account.
21.empathize / emp θa z/ vi. 有同感，产生共鸣
22.approve / pru v/ vi. & vt. 赞成；批准，通过（计划、要求等）
Her parents did not approve of her decision.
The city council approved the building plan.
He nodded in approval.
He showed his approval by smiling broadly.
Sam always tried hard to win his father's approval.
adj. approving赞许的，赞成的 disapproving
单句语法填空
① Her mother doesn't approve her going to study inthe United States alone.
② Alan is someone who always needs the (approve)of other people.
③ I don't approve of your (send) your daughter to Britain to study.
23.tone /t n/ n. 语气，腔调；风格，特色
He often speaks in an arrogant tone.
He spoke in a friendly tone.
24.gain /ɡe n/ vt. & vi. 获得；增进，增长；（从…中）受益 n. 好处，利益
No pains, no gains.
Did you gain weight after you stopped exercising
Their efforts helped the hostages gain their freedom.
gain entrance/entry/access to sth 得以进入/接近某物
gain (...) from/by... 从……中受（……）益
25.gesture / d est (r)/ n. 手势，姿势；姿态，表示 vi. & vt. 做手势，用手势表示
He put his arm round her in a protective gesture.
He raised his hands in a gesture of despair.
The doctor gestured me to take off my coat.
She gestured her disappointment by laying her hand on her forehead.
26.precisely /pr sa sli/ adv. 准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实
Boil the eggs for precisely four minutes.
a precise definition/ measure 准确的定义/精确的尺寸
to be precise / exact 确切地说
understand precisely what she has said
27.vocabulary /v k bj l ri/ n. 词汇，词汇量
A child's vocabulary expands through reading.
28.preference / prefr ns/ n. 偏爱；偏爱的事物
A polar bear has a preference for cold weather.
While selecting job applicants, we usually give preference to those with some experience.
I prefer to stay home rather than go out on rainy days.
I prefer staying in Beijing.
I prefer to keep busy.
单句语法填空
① The professor preferred giving lectures to students to (invite) to attend meetings.
② Rather than drive all the way every day, he prefers (cycle) to his office.
③ My mother would rather go to work than (stay)at home.
④ People develop a (prefer)for a particular style of learning at an early age.
29.jam /d m/ n. 果酱[u]；拥挤，堵塞[c]
He spread some apple jam on the bread.
We were delayed in a traffic jam.
30.somewhat / s mw t/ adv. 有点，有几分，稍微
He concluded that Oswald was somewhat abnormal.
I’m somewhat suspicious of his intentions.
31.taboo /t bu / n. 禁忌，忌讳；禁止，避讳
Among Hindus there is a taboo against killing cows.
32.embarrassed / m b r st/ adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的
When I am taken out to a restaurant I always get embarrassed about ordering.
He was embarrassed to admit the truth.
They were my friends, and I just didn't want to embarrass them publicly.
You rescued me from an embarrassing situation.
Much to her embarrassment, she had a big fall before many people.
embarrass vt 使尴尬，使困窘 __________ n. 尴尬，困窘，局促不安
___________ adj. 感到尴尬的/难堪的 _____________ adj. 令人尴尬的/难堪的
单句语法填空
① I was totally (embarrass), for I mistook a stranger for my new neighbour.
② It is (embarrass)that he can't put forward a specific method to handle the tough problem.
③ Much to his (embarrass), he ran out of money when it was his turn to pay the bill.
④ He was very embarrassed (hear)people speak so highly of him.
⑤ You don't have to be embarrassed what happened.
⑥After her remarks, there was an (embarrass)silence,but she was able to laugh it off.
33.intention / n ten n/ n. 意图，目的；企图计划
with the intention of 为了，以…为目的
have (no) intention of doing sth. 有意/无意干某事 have no intention of hurting others
without intention 无意地
intend v. 计划，打算，想要
intend to do /doing sth 打算干某事
had intended to do sth 本打算干（却没干）
intended to have done sth
be intended to do 打算 供…之用，为…而准备的.
for sb/sth
单句语法填空
①The book as well as the flowers was intended my mother, but my father thought they were for him and took them.
② I didn't intend her (see)the painting until it was finished.
③I (intend)to come, but was prevented by the bad weather.
④ He left England with the (intend) of travelling in Africa.
⑤ The money is intended the development of the tourist industry.
⑥The advertisements are intended (improve)the company's image.
⑦ He came to Beijing with the intention studying Chinese literature.
34.correspond / k r sp nd/ vi. 类似于；相一致，符合；通信
Check the telephone numbers in case they don’t correspond.
Her expression is concerned but her body language does not correspond.
We have been in correspondence for months.
corresponding adj. 相应的，相关的
correspondence n. 信件，信函；通信；相似，关联
correspondent n. 记者，通讯员；通信者，写信人
相符，符合 correspond to / with
通信 correspond with sb.
单句语法填空
① I've been corresponding several experts in the field.
② Your account of events does not correspond hers.
③ We have lots of (correspond)to deal with.
35.behave /b he v/ vi. & vt. 表现得体，有礼貌；表现
I’ll trust you to behave responsibly while I'm out.
If you behave like that, you’ll get yourself disliked.
It’s hard to train children to behave well at table.
I do not think it’s proper for you to behave so.
His strange behavior made the police suspicious.
Behave yourself in public places and you will gain the respect of others.
36.tolerate / t l re t/ vt. 容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受
tolerate doing sth. 忍受/允许做某事
tolerant adj. (人)宽容的，容忍的 be tolerant of 对….宽容；耐...
tolerable adj. 可接受的，可忍受的；过得去的
tolerance n. 容忍，忍耐力；宽容 religious/racial tolerance 宗教/种族上的宽容
单句语法填空
① Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a (tolerate)smile and let him go.
② Our school won't tolerate (cheat)in exams. If caught, you will get severely punished.
③ People are becoming less tolerant other people smoking these days.
④ (tolerate)just means that you should respect others' differences and not try to make them change.
37.kindergarten / k nd ɡɑ tn/ n. 学前班；幼儿园
38.recite /r sa t/ vt. 吟诵；列举
She can recite the whole poem from memory.
My family likes to recite quotations from movies
39.accent / ksent; ks nt/ n. 口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调
a strong accent 浓重的口音
Judging from his accent, he is from Wuxi.
40.handwriting n. 手写，字迹，笔迹，书法
There is need for improvement in your handwriting.
41.fluent adj. 流利的，流畅的，熟练的
He speaks fluent Russian.
be fluent in 在……方面流利/流畅
fluency n. 流利，流畅 [c/u]
with fluency 流利地，流畅地
have fluency in 在……方面流利/流畅
fluently adv. 流利地，流畅地
单句语法填空
① For one thing, I have developed (fluent)in spoken English.
② She has stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language (fluent).
③ Amazed at my classmates' (fluency)spoken English,I was determined to be as good as they were.
42.cooperate vi. 合作，协力，配合，协助，互助
单句语法填空
① Mr. White had promised to cooperate us but he cried off at the last minute.
②The success of our plan depends on your (cooperate).
③ The film was produced cooperation with them.
43.cite vt. 提及，引用，引证，列举，表扬
Dr Hyland was only able to cite two cases in support of his hypotheses.
I’ll just cite some figures for comparison.
The soldier was cited by the king for his bravery.
To illustrate the theory in question, we can cite many examples.
cite...as... 提及/引用……当作……
cite an example 举例；引用一个例子
44.broaden one’s mind= broaden one’s horizons 开阔眼界，拓展视野
One year of studying in a foreign country helped broaden his horizons.
45.bacon n. 咸猪肉，熏肉，腊肉，培根
46.tank n. 坦克，罐，槽
Is there any water left in the water tank
The gas is stored under pressure in the tank.
The soldiers were supported by tanks.
47.golf n. 高尔夫球运动
48.integrate vt. & vi. 使成一体，使结合，使合并，使加入，融入，加入，结合，合并
The two airlines will integrate their services.
We must carry out the Party’s education policy that education should serve socialist modernization and the people and integrate itself with productive labor and social practice.
Data warehouse is a representative application of data integration.
We need an integration evaluation method.
integrate (A) into/　with B (使A)与B合并/结合
integrate A and B 使A和B融为一体
integration n.结合,整合;混合,融合
integrated adj.综合的;完整统一的
49.bilingual adj. 会说两种语言的，使用两种语言的 n. 会说两种语言的人
bilingual education 双语教育
Today I would like to try writing a bilingual blog.
The course requires you to be bilingual.
50.kung fu n. 功夫，中国武术
51.oppose vt. 反对，抵抗，抵制，与……敌对，与……对垒
It was courageous of him to oppose his chief.
They opposed the government's new policies.
We’re firmly opposed to the practice of power politics between nations.
His motion was opposed by most members.
oppose sb. 反对某人，与某人对垒/角逐
oppose (doing) sth. 反对（干）某事
opposed adj. 强烈反对的；截然不同的
be opposed (to) doing sth. 反对（干）某事
as opposed to 而不是，与……对照之下，相对于
opposition n. 反对，反抗 [u]；对手，敌手 [c]；反对党，在野党 [c]
opposing adj. 对抗的，对立的；相反的
单句语法填空
① Many local people were opposed to (build) the new airport.
② The majority of members were opposed my proposal, which upset me greatly.
③ We are strongly (oppose)to racial prejudice.
④ Local resident groups have united in (oppose) to the plan.
52.intervention n. 干预，干预行为，妨碍，斡旋，调解
His intervention brought their quarrel to a climax.
Despite the intervention of the international community, the two countries were ultimately unable to settle their differences.
The situation calmed down when the police intervened.
v. intervene 干预；介入
53.pure adj. 纯的，纯粹的，纯净的
This was pure coincidence.
They are all made of one-hundred percent pure silk.
Life is a sweet thing for one who has a pure conscience.
by pure accident 纯属偶然
purely adv. 完全是，纯然地，纯洁地，纯正地
purify v. 使变纯
purity n. 纯洁；纯净
单句语法填空
① It was (pure) a question, no blame or anger in my tone.
② Putting green plants in the house will (pure) the air inside.
③ White is commonly associated with (pure) and perfection.
54.tribe n. 部落
primitive tribes原始部落
55.reject vt. 拒绝接受，不予考虑，冷漠对待，不录用，排斥
v.拒绝，否决（提议、建议或请求）；reject a suggestion/proposal/argument
E.g. The prime minister rejected the suggestion that it was time for him to resign.
摈弃，不接受，不予考虑；reject sth as sth认为…怎样而不予考虑
E.g. The appeal was rejected by the court.
不雇用，不录取；
E.g. The coach rejected him for the first team.
排异，排斥（移植器官）
After the transplant his body rejected the new heart.
冷落，厌弃，嫌弃
【词性变化】n. rejection n.（对提议、建议或请求的）拒绝接受；（对求职者、求学等者的）拒绝；嫌弃，厌弃；（对移植器官的）排斥；
transplant rejection移植排斥反应
E.g. Jane still nurses the pain of rejection.
E.g. I've applied for ten jobs, but I've had ten rejections/rejection letters.
E.g. He never asked her to marry him out of fear of rejection.
56.pessimistic adj. 悲观的，悲观主义的
This might account for his pessimistic views.
He has a tendency towards pessimism.
be pessimistic about 对……感到悲观
pessimistically adv. 悲观地，悲观主义地 (反：optimistically)
pessimism n. 悲观，悲观主义 [u] (反：optimism)
pessimist n. 悲观主义者 (反：optimist)
单句语法填空
①There is no reason to be pessimistic the future, because we are young enough to do everything.
②He never gave himself up to (pessimistic) in spite of difficulties.
57.Germanic adj. 德国的，日耳曼语的 n. 日耳曼语
58.linguist n. 语言学家，有语言天赋的人，通晓数国语言的人
59.tendency n. 倾向，癖好，偏好，趋势，趋向
There is a tendency towards regional cooperation.
There is a growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices.
She has a strong natural tendency towards caution.
a tendency to/towards... ……的趋势/倾向
have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于干某事，往往会干某事
tend vi. 易于，往往会；走向，趋向，倾向
vt. 照管，照料，护理；招待，侍候
tend to/towards sth. 有……的趋势，倾向于……
tend to do sth. 易于/往往会干某事
tend (to) sb./sth 照料，招待
单句语法填空
① People tend (think)that the problem will have no effect on them.
② Mum was always busy tending my baby sister during the night.
③ There is no doubt that the earth has a tendency (become) warmer and warmer.
④ Prices continue to show an upward (tend).
60.skateboard n. 滑板，溜冰板
61.canteen n. 食堂，餐厅，水壶
62.sincerely adv. 真诚地，诚挚地，诚恳地
“Congratulations,” he said sincerely.
He sincerely believed he was acting in both women’s best interests.
She praised him sincerely for his victory.
I sincerely hope you’ll come with us.
I sincerely believe that …… 我由衷地认为……
Yours sincerely 在英国正式信件中，加签名结尾；在美国则用Sincerely yours 或Sincerely加签名结尾
sincere adj. 真诚的
sincerity n. 真诚
63.slip /sl p/ vi. 滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入 n. 差错；纸条；滑跤
The situation could slip into a nuclear confrontation.
Inside the passport was a folded slip of paper.
She slipped on the ice.
I was unlucky to slip on a banana skin and fall over.
The wheel slipped from my frozen hand, and the car went right across the road.
John felt it was a fat chance and he must never let it slip.
a slip of paper 一小页纸
a slip of the tongue 口误，失言
slip sb sth 悄悄将某物塞给某人
let slip sth 泄露某事物
slip one’s mind 忘记，遗忘
slipper n. 拖鞋，便鞋
slippery adj. 滑的；油滑的；棘手的
64.fence /fens/ n. 栅栏，篱笆 (27)
made a jump over a low fence
65.contest / k ntest/ n. 比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争
She won a gold medal for her fine performance in the contest.
I intend to contest the judge’s decision in another court.
enter/win/lose a contest 参加竞赛/赢得竞赛/竞赛失败
a contest for... 争夺/竞争……
be no contest 完全不是对手，毫无竞争可言，轻易获胜
contestant n. 比赛者；竞争者；选手
答案：
React：reaction；to；with； on/upon；in
Gentle:gentlest; gently;gentleness
Feedback:on;from
Suit:suited; for; suitable; to include
Negotiate:with;negotiation;under
Fold:up;folded;unfolded
Clarify:to clarify;clarification; clarified
Sympathy:for;sympathy;with
Account:for;for;an;of;of;into
Approve:of;approval; sending
Preference:being invited;to cycle;stay; preference
Embarrassed:embarrassed;embarrassing;embarrassment;to hear;about/at;embarrassing
Intention:for;to see;had intended; intention; for; to improve; of
Correspond:with;with/to;correspondence
Tolerate:tolerant:cheating;of;Tolerance
Fluent:fluency;fluently;fluent
Cooperate:With;cooperation;in
Oppose:building; to;opposed;opposition
pure：purely；purify；purity
Pessimistic：about；pessimism
Tendency：to think;to;to become; tendency