译林版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 4 Living with Technology 单词学案（含答案）

选择性必修二 第四单元单词学案
1.castle n. 城堡；（国际象棋的）车 [c] (P44, L3)
(build) castles in the air （建）空中楼阁，幻想，空想，（做）白日梦
1) His friends thought he was _______________________（做白日梦）when he said he would travel to the Sahara.
2) The king used to visit the men who were on guard around his __________（城堡）at night.
2.input / np t/ n. 输入的信息；投入vt. (input, input) 输入（信息）
It’s up to the teacher to provide a variety of types of input in the classroom.
The computer acts as a word processor where the text of a speech can be input at any time.
output n. 输出，输出量；产量；出产 vt. 输出
单句语法填空
①Our teacher asked us what we (input) to the computers when she came in.
②When I checked up the report (input) to the computer, I found several mistakes.
3.capacity /k p s ti/ n. 领悟（或理解、办事）能力；容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量
Limited resources are restricting our capacity for developing new products.
The newly-completed stadium in Wuhan has a seating capacity of 80,000.
have a capacity for 有……的能力
have a capacity to do sth. 有干某事的能力
with a capacity of 容量为
at full capacity 以全部力量，满功率，满负载
in one’s capacity as 以……的身份/职位
1) He has a great capacity _________________ (enjoy) himself.
2) The girl has an enormous capacity ______________ hard work.
3) I attended in my capacity ___________ a spokesman of the company.
4.analyse / n la z/ vt. (AmE analyze) 分析
McCarthy was asked to analyse the data from the first phase of trials of the vaccine.
You can ask for a chemical analysis of your tap water.
analysis n. 分析 [c/u] (复：analyses)
in the last/final analysis 最终，归根结底
analyst n. 分析者，分析家，化验员
analytical adj. 分析的，解析的，分析性的
5.massive / m s v/ adj. 巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的
The explosion made a massive hole in the ground.
The patient suffered a massive heart attack.
Janet Jackson’s new album has been heralded by a massive media campaign.
massively adv. 大而重地，大量地
mass n. 团；块；堆；大量；许多
6.network / netw k/ n. 网络，网状系统；关系网，人际网；（互联）网络
7.coin /k n/ vt. 创造（新词语）
Jaron Lanier coined the term "virtual reality" and pioneered its early development.
The term ‘cardboard city’ was coined to describe communities of homeless people living in cardboard boxes.
8.breakthrough / bre kθru / n. 重大进展，突破adj. 突破性的
Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.
This technology is regarded as a breakthrough advance in this field.
make/achieve a breakthrough 做出╱取得突破性进展
a significant breakthrough in negotiations 谈判中的重大突破
a major breakthrough in cancer research 癌症研究中的重要突破
9.finance / fa n ns; fa n ns/ n. 财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理 vt. 提供资金
Finance for education comes from taxpayers.
The fund has been used largely to finance the construction of schools in remote areas.
financial adj. 财政的，财务的，金融的；有钱的
financial institution 金融机构
financial markets 金融市场
financially adv. 财政地，财务地，金融地；有钱地
financier n. 金融家，理财家，财政家；投资家，（为项目或企业）提供资金者
单句语法填空
①It's reported that the building project will (fiance) by the government.
②Provide (fiance) aid and other benefits for local people.
10.to name but a few（表示列举）等等
Activities available include volleyball, shooting and swimming, to name but a few.
Nowadays, AI is already being applied in many fields: finance, health care, natural language processing and art, to name but a few.
11.autonomous / t n m s/ adj. 自主的，有自主权的；自治的
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is boasted for its picturesque scenery.
He treated us as autonomous individuals who had to learn to make up our own minds about issues.
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy and the development of adult identity.
autonomous region 自治区
autonomy n. 自治，自治权
autonomic adj. 自主的；不受意志支配的
autonomously adv. 自治地；独立自主地
单句语法填空
①We let students learn to manage themselves and give them more (autonomous)
②It encourages students to learn (autonomous) and to take the results seriously.
12.domestic /d mest k/ adj. 家庭的，家用的；本国的，国内的
Output consists of both exports and sales on the domestic market.
Their domestic reforms did nothing to solve the problem of unemployment.
domestic affairs/politics 国内事务╱政治
domestic flights (= to and from places within a country) 国内航班
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)国内生产总值
单句语法填空
①He was going to make a career (domestic) when he returned.
13.threaten / θretn/ vt. 危及，对…构成威胁；威胁，恐吓
It’s neither aliens nor a rare disease that will threaten the human race in the future, but climate change.
He was threatened with dismissal if he continued to turn up late for work.
The loss of glaciers there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.
threaten sb with 用...来威胁某人
threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事
threat n. 威胁，恐吓
pose a threat to 对……构成威胁
make threats against sb.
threatened adj. 受到威胁的;
threatening adj. 危险的；胁迫的；凶兆的
单句语法填空
①In both Africa and Asia, elephants (threaten) by changes in their natural habitats at present.
②Because of the drought, the people in this area threatened the poor harvest.
③There are several things you can do to defend your home against this (threaten).
④It is said many precious species are from human activities.
mit /k m t/ vt. 犯（罪）；承诺，保证；
People who commit such crimes aren’t normal.
The President is committed to reforming health care.
commit a crime 做出（错或非法的事）；犯（罪或错等）
commit murder etc. 犯凶杀罪等
commit sb/oneself (to sth/to doing sth) 承诺，保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等）
commitment n. 承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身；花费金钱、时间、人力等
1) The serious fault ________________ (commit) in anger.
2) The contract committed him to ________________ (play) for the team for the next three years.
3) Often the hardest step in life is making a real ____________ (commit) to follow your heart.
4) The company has made a commitment ______________ equal pay and opportunities.
5) The government has ____________ a large amount of money ___________ this project.
15.crime /kra m/ n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动
criminal adj. 犯罪的，犯法的；刑法的，刑事的；不道德的 n. 犯罪者，罪犯
16.murder / m d (r)/ vt. & n. 谋杀，凶杀
murderer n. 杀人犯，杀人凶手
17.urge / d / vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策n. 冲动，强烈的欲望
The situation is dangerous, and the UN is urging caution.
Tom had an urge to open a shop of his own on the Internet.
urge sth (on/upon sb) 大力推荐；竭力主张
urge sb to do sth敦促某人做某事
have an urge to do sth做某事的欲望
urgency n. 紧急；催促；紧急的事
urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的，迫切的；催促的，急切的
urgently adv. 紧急地，紧迫地，迫切地；催促地，急切地
单句语法填空
①She was surprised at the (urge) in his voice and didn’t know how to work.
②We have to urge the student before the exam.
③It (urge) that the spirit of Lei Feng should be greatly advocated in today’s society.
④They made an (urge) request for good methods of learning English.
18.pose /p z/ vt. 造成，产生；提问，质询vi. 摆好姿势n. 姿势
pose a question/a threat (/challenge/danger/risk) 提出问题/构成威胁（/挑战/危险/风险）
pose for 为（照相或画像）……摆好姿势
pose as sb. 假装成某人，装扮成某人
strike a pose 摆个姿势
19.apparently / p r ntli/ adv. 显然，可见
The movie has been criticized for apparently advocating violence.
apparent adj. 显然的；明显的；表面上的
20.warning / w n / n. 警告，先兆；警戒
Doctors issued a warning against eating any fish caught in the river.
The bridge collapsed without (any) warning.
give sb a verbal/written/final warning 向某人发出口头╱书面╱最后警告
warn vt. 警告，提醒；通知 vi. 发出警告，发出预告
warn sb of sth警告某人某事
warn sb. not to do sth. = warn sb. against doing sth. 警告某人不要干某事
warn sb. that… 警告某人……
单句语法填空
①Family experts warn the new equality can also result in less respect for parents.
②The illuminator did not cast much light, but it warned an approaching train.
21.demand /d mɑ nd/ vt. 需要；强烈要求n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要
He said the task of reconstruction would demand much patience, hard work, and sacrifice.
There’s an increased demand for organic produce these days.
They are demanding that all troops (should) be withdrawn.
demanding adj. 要求高的；苛求的
a demand for…需要……
in demand 非常需要的；受欢迎的
meet/satisfy their customers’ demands 满足客户要求
supply and demand供求
demand to do sth要求做某事
demand sth of/from sb要求某人某物
demand that …(should) do sth要求做某事
单句语法填空
①I guess there’s probably some (demand) work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.
②Today, language skills are high demand on the job market.
③They said they could satisfy our (demand) whatever we need.
22.victim / v kt m/ n. 受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品
He was a victim of racial prejudice.
In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.
fall victim to 受伤，受损，被害，成为……的牺牲品/受害者
be/become a victim of 成为一名...的受害者
23.greedy / ɡri di/ adj. 贪心的，贪婪的（greedier, greediest）
She stared at the diamonds with greedy eyes.
It is greedy of sb to do sth. 某人做某事真是贪婪
be greedy (for sth) 贪婪的；贪心的；贪吃的；渴望的
greedily adv. 贪婪地；贪心地；贪食地
greed n. 贪婪，贪心
24.recognition / rek ɡ n n/ n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识
The company is developing a system of the automatic recognition of handwriting and printed text by computer.
He received the award in recognition of his success over the past year.
The town has changed beyond recognition since I was last here.
beyond recognition=out of (all) recognition认不出来；无法辨认
in recognition of 表彰；作为对……的奖赏
seek international/official/formal recognition as a sovereign state 寻求国际上的╱官方╱正式的承认一个主权国家
recognize vt. 认出，识别；承认；接受，认可；赞赏 vi. 确认，承认；具结
recognizable adj. 可辨认的；可认识的；可承认的
单句语法填空
①This award is given to you recognition of your good performance at school.
②The answer to this is popularly supposed to have changed recognition.
③China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries (recognize) its role in international affairs.
25.database / de t be s/ n. 数据库
The database could be used as a teaching resource in colleges.
26.alternative / l t n t v/ n. 可供选择的事物adj. 可供替代的；非传统的
A safer alternative is exercise, such as taking a long walk. 更安全的选择是锻炼，比如散步。
We had no alternative but to fire Gibson.
There were alternative methods of travel available.
an alternative to... ……的替代品
an alternative method of doing sth 做某事的其他方法
alternative energy（the energy from the sun, wind, water, etc.) 替代能源（指太阳能、风能、水能等）
have no alternative/choice/option but to do sth 别无选择做某事
alternatively adv.（引起第二种选择或可能的建议）要不，或者
单句语法填空
①Online learning is a great alternative traditional classes.
27.*hacker / h k (r)/ n. 黑客
28.theft /θeft/ n. 偷窃，偷窃罪
Over the last decade, auto theft has increased by over 56 percent.
theftproof adj. 防盗的
thief n. 小偷；贼
29.break into 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始
Hearing this, all of us including my uncle break into laughter.
The best way to break into a business is to offer new products
break into pieces 成为碎片
break into tears 突然哭起来，放声大哭
break into laughter 哄堂大笑; 突然大笑
30.fail-safe / fe l se f/ adj. 有自动保险装置的，具有自动防止故障性能的
31.*drone /dr n/ n. 无人驾驶飞机
32.distribution / d str bju n/ n. 分发，分送；分配，分布
At the moment, delivery drones are mainly used for military action or disaster relief, like the distribution of medicines during emergencies, especially to places that are hard to reach by other means of transport.
The map shows the distribution of this species across the world.
the unfair distribution of wealth财富分配不公
distribute vt. 分配；散布；分开；把…分类
distribute sth to …把……分配给……
distribute...among... 在……中分配……
distributed adj. 分布式的，分散式的
33.predict /pr d kt/ vt. 预言，预告
It is impossible to predict what will happen in the future.
It is predicted that... 据预测……
prediction n. 预报；预言
make a prediction 作出预测
predictable adj. 可预言的
predictive adj. 预言性的；成为前兆的
unpredictable adj. 不可预知的；不定的；出乎预料的
34.decrease /d kri s/ vt. & vi. 减少，降低/ di kri s/ n. 减少，降低
Population growth is decreasing by 1.4% each year, so the country is strongly advocating a third-child policy.
A decrease in face-to-face social contact can bring about depression.
In Spain and Portugal there has been a decrease in the number of young people out of work.
on the decrease 在减少中
decrease by 减少了…
decrease to 减少到
1) They say the number of penguins has decreased ____________ 30% since 1987.
2) The number of new students decreased ____________ 210 ______________ 160 this year.
3) This species of bird is decreasing ______________ numbers every year.
4) The population in this country is _______________ the decrease.
35.deny /d na / vt. 否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受
The department denies responsibility for what occurred.
They were denied access to the information.
There's no denying (the fact) that quicker action could have saved them.
deny sth (to sb)/deny (sb) (sth) 拒绝；拒绝给予
deny a claim/a charge/an accusation 否认某种说法╱指控╱指责
There is no denying (the fact) that….不可否认……
deny doing sth 否认做某事
36.quantity / kw nt ti/ n. 数量；大量
The police found a quantity of drugs at his home. 警察在他家发现了大量毒品。
It's cheaper to buy goods in quantity.
I was overwhelmed by the sheer quantity of information available.
in large quantities 大量，大批
a large/small quantity of sth 大量╱小量的…
enormous/vast/huge quantities of food 大量的食物
in quantity 大量
quantities of 许多……
quality and quantity 质量和数量
a quantity of +不可数名词+动词单数
a quantity of +可数名词复数+动词复数
quantities of+不可数名词/可数名词复数+动词复数
单句语法填空
①Every winter in north China, huge quantities of coal (consume) to meet people’s needs.
②A large quantity of water (be) clean enough to support fishes.
③A large quantity of books (offer) to us.
37.airline / e la n/ n. 航空公司
38.threat /θret/ n. 构成威胁的人（或事物）；威胁，恐吓；凶兆
39.spy /spa / vi. 从事间谍活动 vt. 突然看见n. 间谍
Then, he must spy on her father, a scientist who has developed a dangerous technology.
40.illegal / li ɡl/ adj. 不合法的，非法的
It is illegal to intercept radio messages.
It is illegal for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说干某事是违法的。
illegally adv. 不合法地，非法地，违法地
legal adj. 法律的；合法的；法定的；依照法律的
41.monitor / m n t (r)/ vt. 监视，跟踪调查；监听 n. 显示屏；监测器；班长
Each student's progress is closely monitored.
The details of today's flights are displayed on the monitor.
42.licence / la sns/ n. (AmE license) 许可证，执照
You need a licence to fish in this river.
43.stadium / ste di m/ n. 体育场，运动场
The new sports stadium is the pride of the town.
44.highlight / ha la t/ n. 最好（或最精彩）的部分vt. 突出，强调；使醒目
One of the highlights of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal.
The report highlights the major problems facing society today.
I've highlighted the important passages in yellow.
45.capsule / k psju l/ n. 小塑料容器；（装药的）胶囊；太空舱
One highlight of the fair was a time capsule with Albert Einstein’s message to people 5,000 years in the future.
46.bury / beri/ vt. 埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入
Latest reports say that mud slides buried several entire villages.
He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets.
She always has her head buried in a book.
bury oneself in (doing) sth专心致志于…
be buried in 沉思；埋头于；全神贯注于…
burial n. 埋葬
47.fountain / fa nt n/ n. 喷泉，涌流；喷水池；源泉，丰富来源
The main square has a fountain that spouts water 40 feet into the air
Tourism is a fountain of wealth for the city.
a fountain of ...的源泉
48.contemporary /k n tempr ri/ adj.当代的，现代的；属同时期的，同一时代的n.同代人，同辈人
She writes a lot of contemporary music for people like Whitney Houston.
Like most of my contemporaries, I grew up in a vastly different world.
49.seed /si d/ n. 种子；起源，起因
The experience planted the seeds of doubt in my mind.
50.wheat /wi t/ n. 小麦，小麦粒
51.muscular / m skj l (r)/ adj. 肌肉的；强壮的
The player was tall, lean and muscular.
a muscular body/build/chest 强壮的身体╱体格；肌肉发达的胸部
muscle n. 肌肉；力量；体力
52.conclude /k n klu d/ vt. & vi. 断定，推断出；达成，订立；（使）结束，终止
So what can we conclude from this debate
The report concluded (that) the cheapest option was to close the laboratory.
The evening concluded with dinner and speeches.
conclude sth (from sth)
conclude (from sth) that...（不用于进行时) 断定；推断出；得出结论
conclude (sth) with… 以…结束
to conclude 最后；总之；结束
conclusion n. 结论；总结；结局
53.justified / d st fa d/ adj. 合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的
The customer felt fully justified in asking for her money back.
be justified in doing sth. 干某事有正当理由的
justify vi. 证明合法；整理版面vt. 证明……是正当的；替……辩护
justify doing sth. 证明干某事是正当的/正确的
justify sth./oneself to sb. 向某人为某事/自己解释/辩解
justification n. 正当理由 [c/u]
in justification of 解释，说明；为……辩护
单句语法填空
①She couldn’t justify herself the officers why she might be at the spot.
②I think he was (justify) in asking his friend to explain that problem.
③The experiments justify (change) the normal method of work.
54.superiority /su p ri r ti/ n. 优越感；优越性，优势
Technical superiority and security are the top benefits cited.
In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority
have superiority (in sth)/(to/over sth/sb) 优越（性）；优势
superior adj. 上级的；优秀的，出众的；高傲的n. 上级，长官；优胜者，高手；长者
be superior to 比...更优越
55.virtual / v t u l/ adj. 虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的
Up to four players can compete in a virtual world of role playing.
virtual reality 虚拟现实
virtually adv. 事实上，几乎；实质上
virtualization n. [计] 虚拟化
56.at the forefront / f fr nt/ of 处于最前列，进入重要地位
Women have always been at the forefront of the Green movement.
The school was brought to the forefront of public attention.
57.definition / def n n/ n. 定义；释义，解释
There is no general agreement on a standard definition of intelligence.
To give a definition of a word is more difficult than to give an illustration of its use.
by definition 根据定义，从定义上讲
define vt. 定义；使明确；规定
define…as…把…定义为；给…下的定义是
definite adj. 一定的；确切的
be definite about 对……很明确/肯定
definitely adv. 清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地
58.headset / hedset/ n. 头戴式耳机
59.sensor / sens (r)/ n. 传感器，敏感元件
60.practical / pr kt kl/ adj. 实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的
From a practical point of view, it isn't a good place to live.
Although the causes of cancer are being uncovered, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.
practical application 实际应用
practical experience 实务经验，实践经验，实际经验
practical advice/help/support 切实的忠告╱帮助╱支持
practical problems 实际问题
practically adv. 实际地；几乎；事实上
practicality n. 实用性，实际性；实际，实例
practice n. 实践；练习；惯例vt. & vi. 练习；实习；实行
61.a host of 许多，大量
Obesity is associated with a host of health problems.
62.academic / k dem k/ adj. 教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的
The students return in October for the start of the new academic year.
The author has settled for a more academic approach.
academic research/study 学术研究
academic circles 学术界
academic achievement 学业成就；学业成
academic performance 学习成绩；学业表现；学术成就
academy n. 学院；研究院；学会；专科院校
academy awards （美国）电影艺术科学院年奖；奥斯卡金像奖
academy of sciences 科学院
academy of arts 艺术学院
63.*immersive / m s v/ adj. （计算机系统或图像）沉浸式虚拟现实的
She immersed herself in her work.
Clare and Phil were immersed in conversation in the corner.
Take notes and immerse yourself in the words of great thinkers.
immerse vt. 沉浸；使陷入
immerse oneself/sb in sth（使）深陷于，沉浸在
be immersed in陷于；沉浸于
64.engage / n ɡe d / vt. & vi. 吸引住（注意力、兴趣）；雇用，聘用；与…建立密切关系
It is a movie that engages both the mind and the eye.
They never learned skills to engage the attention of the others.
According to the results of the survey, only 15% of people would engage in regular exercise.
engage sb (as sth) 雇用；聘用
engage (with sth/sb) 与…建立密切关系；尽力理解
engage oneself/sb in…
be/get engaged in…（使）从事，参加
engagement n. 婚约；约会；交战；诺言；进场
单句语法填空
①Her attention (engage) by the display if new hats in the shop window.
②He engaged a serious study of the problem.
③She engages and accepts people of different background.
④He had an (engage) at a restaurant in Greek Street.
65.twin /tw n/ n. 双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一adj. 双胞胎之一的；成对的，成双的
66.clone /kl n/ n. 好像一模一样的人，复制品；克隆动物（或植物）vt.克隆,以无性繁殖技术复制
67.barrier / b ri (r)/ n. 障碍，阻力；屏障，障碍物；分界线，隔阂
Lack of confidence is a psychological barrier to success.
a barrier to…障碍；阻力；关卡
a barrier between A and B
68.boil down to 归结为，基本问题是
What they want boils down to just one thing. It is land.
69.fine - tune / fa n tju n/ vt. 对…微调
We will need time to develop and fine-tune the hardware and software
70.initial / n l/ adj. 最初的，开始的n. 首字母
My initial reaction was to decline the offer.
John Fitzgerald Kennedy was often known by his initials JFK.
in the initial stages (= at the beginning) of the campaign 运动的最初阶段
initially adv. 最初，首先；开头
71.optimistic / pt m st k/ adj. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的
She's not very optimistic about the outcome of the talks.
be optimistic (about sth)
be optimistic (that...) 乐观的；抱乐观看法的
optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义
optimist n. 乐观主义者；乐天派
72.annoy / n / vt. 使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰
His constant joking was beginning to annoy her.
annoyance n. 烦恼；打扰；令人讨厌的人或事
annoyed adj. 恼怒的；烦闷的
annoying adj. 讨厌的；恼人的
73.weed /wi d/ n. 杂草，野草
74.state - of - the - art / ste t v i ɑ t/ adj. 使用最先进技术（或方法）的，最先进的
He tries his best to explain to clients why using state-of-the-art technology is so important.
75.globe /ɡl b/ n. 球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界
the globe 地球；全球
global adj. 全球的；球形的；总体的
76.satellite / s t la t/ n. 人造卫星；卫星
77.expense / k spens/ n. 费用；开销；开支
at the expense of 在牺牲（或损害）…的情况下
78.gender / d end (r)/ n. 性别
79.envy / envi/ n. & vt. 羡慕，忌妒
They looked with envy at her latest purchase.
pub /p b/ n. 酒吧，酒馆
答案：building castles in the air; castle
Were inputting； input/inputted
to enjoy/for enjoying/of enjoying; for; as
Be financed; financial
Autonomy; autonomously
Domestically
Are being threatened;with/by; threat;under
was committed; playing/play; commitment; to; committed, to
Urgency;on;is urged;urgent
That; of
Demanding;in;demands
In; beyond; recognizing
To
. by; from, to; in; on
Are consumed; is ; are/were offered.
To;justified;changing