2024年中考英语总复习新题型-语法填空题做题技巧+专题训练1（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
语法填空做题技巧+专题训练1
语法填空是近年来推出的一种新题型。这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。语法填空所填的词汇总的来说，分为名词，动词，代词，形容词，副词，数词，连词，介词短语，固定搭配。
做题之前我们需要先大致理解句子意思，分析句子结构，找到句子中残缺的成分，然后填写所需词汇的正确形式。
我们先来简单回顾一下句子成分：
1.主语：句子说明的人或物，一般用名词或代词。
如：The sun rises in the east. He likes dancing.
(其中sun和he是主语)
2.谓语：表示主语的行为或状态，一般用动词或其词组。
如：We study English. He is singing.
(其中study和he是谓语)
3.宾语：表示动作行为的对象，一般用名词或代词。
如：I like China. He hates you.
(其中China和you是宾语)
4.定语：修饰语，用来修饰名词或代词的词或句子，翻译为”...的“
如：He is our friend. He is a chemistry teacher.
(其中our和chemistry是定语)
5.状语：用来修饰动词，形容词的词或句子。常用来表示时间，地点，原因，结果，方式，条件等。
如：I will go there tomorrow. He goes to school by bike.
(其中tomorrow和by bike是状语)
6.宾补：对宾语的补充，称为宾语补足语。
如：We will make them happy. Don’t keep the light burning.
(happy是对宾语them的补充，burning是对light的补充，两者都是宾补)
相信脑海中存在上述句子成分的印象后，你是不是想快点熟悉解题方法呢？下面我们一起来学习吧！
一、语法填空解题技巧一：翻译提示法
一般地，语法填空分为两种，一种给提示词，一种不给提示词。对于不给提示词的空格，除固定搭配外，还有以下两种情况，第一是填冠词(a,an)定冠词(the)，二是填连词(and,but,so等) ,这个时候我们需要根据句意填写对应的冠词和连词。
例如：1）Jumping out of __an___ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite __an__ exciting experience.
从一万英尺高的一架飞机上跳下来是一场非常令人兴奋的经历。
(注：很明显，这里根据句子意思要填写冠词，当单词的发音为元音字母开头时要用冠词an)
2）When the astronauts went to the Moon, they needed to wear spacesuits __and____ helmets(头盔) to protect themselves.
当宇航员们登上月球的时候，他们需要穿太空服和戴太空帽来保护自己。
(注：根据句子结构分析，句子不缺任何成分，但是前后需要衔接必须用连词
语法填空解题技巧二：简化结构法
大家都知道，一个句子再怎么复杂难懂，只要我们弄清楚句子中最重要的主谓宾，去掉插入语，修饰语，附加结构和某些从句后，句意自然而然就可以理解的十分透彻。
例如：The country life he was used to __has changed____(change) greatly since 1992.
(注：这里可能会误填change或changing，固定短语be used to doing sth或者to do，但解题前要先仔细看清句子结构，整个句子真正的主语实际是the country life,He was used to只是用来修饰country life的定语，我们简化句子结构后得到the country life ____ greatly since 1992.所以填现在完成时。)
语法填空解题技巧三：结构对比法
某些句子的前后部分往往包含完全相同或者平衡的语法结构，我们可以通过对前后结构的类比辨析来确定正确答案。
例如：The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _not to make__(not make) it more difficult.
(注：这里考查的是互相比较的两个动词不定式作表语的用法，根据前半句的结构可想而知后面填not to make.)
语法填空解题技巧四：结构补全法
将句子中被省略的部分还原，补充为一个完整的句子。这种一般从句运用较多，此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。
例1：He did not done_____his father had asked him to do．
（注：审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。）
例2：Those_____want to go to the village must sign here．
经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定语从句中做主语。
语法填空解题技巧五：词汇变化法
词汇变化法，顾名思义要根据所给提示词填写适当的词汇。考查的大多数都是基础知识的运用。
名词形式变化
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例：There are many _students_ (student) living at school，the _children’s_ (child) houses are all far from schoo1．
由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式—— 复数的所有格children’s。
动词形式变化
动词的形式变化一般分为不定式，动名词ing形式，原形，现在分词，过去分词。解题前，要特别注意的是时态和语态问题，这里又谈到主谓一致的问题，同学们一定切记谓语动词一定要时刻跟着主语变化，第三人称用单数，过去发生的句子要用过去式，弄清楚句子是主动或被动形式。
例：A talk_____(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
(注：分析整个句子的主干为a talk is written by...,所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。）
3）形容词、副词比较级变化
英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和．est，或在词前加more／less和most／least，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。
例：I am____(tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．
(注：此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。）
4）代词形式变化
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。
例：The king decided to see the painter by____(he).
(注：由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself,这也是比较固定的用法。)
5）派生词
词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。
例：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，So he was very____(happiness)．
（注：在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。）
语法填空解题技巧六：固定搭配法
固定搭配一般分为短语动词结构，短语介词结构，固定短语结构
例1：Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for
leave to take_____of her．
（注：生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。）
例2：Just then，he saw a blackboard in_____of him.
细心观察，可以看出填人front即可构成in front of，此题得解。
例3：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy.
（注：从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。)
2021年真题
Henry is ____36____ American businessman. One day, when he was sailing (航行) on a boat near San Francisco, he was carried out into the sea by a strong wind. ___37___ (luck), he was discovered and picked up by a London-bound (开往伦敦的) ship. So he ___38___ (land) in London by accident. Alone and ___39___ (hunger), he walked on the streets of the city. Unexpectedly, he ____40____ (call) into a big house. There two rich ____41____ (brother), Oliver and Roderick, gave him a letter and told ____42____ (he) not to open it until two o'clock of the day. Henry didn’t know it was a million-pound (百万英镑) bank note. He left the big house and went into a cheap restaurant to get something to eat. Everyone was impolite and impatient to him. Why ____43____ he was in rags (衣衫褴褛) and looked dirty. Then, ___44___ everyone’s surprise, he handed the owner a million-pound bank note to pay for the meal. On seeing the note, all the people in the restaurant became friendly and tried their best ____45____ (please) Henry. Don’t you think it’s the most unbelievable story in the world
2022年真题
The Netherlands needs thousands of new houses because the country 56. _______ (have) a growing population. Anyway, it may not have to build all those houses. Some of 57. _______ (they) can be printed.
58. _______ (recent), the government has been working together with a university and some building companies(公司) to build houses that are fully 3D-printed. As volunteers, an old couple has become the first people in Europe to move into such 59. _______ house.
With two 60. _______ (bedroom) and a big living room, the house was built layer(层) by layer, using a huge 3D printer and special cement(水泥). After being printed out, the house 61. _______ (carry) by a truck to the building site, and a roof(屋顶) and windows were later added. It took around 120 hours 62. _______ (finish) this 3D-printed house. Usually, it takes about one or two years to build a house in the 63. _______ (tradition) way.
The couple will live 64. _______ this house for six months, with a monthly pay of 800 euros(欧元). The cost seems a little bit high, but they think it is much cheaper 65. _______ living in the hotel.
2023年真题
Do you know World Letter Writing Day It falls 56 September I" every year. It
was set up by Richard Simpkin in 2014. He encouraged people 57 (take) a break from today's social media (媒体)and write a letter to someone by hand.
Who should you write to Think about a friend or relative that lives far away. A parent or best friend would also love to receive 58 (you) letter.
How do you write a letter 59 (general) speaking, a letter includes these parts. The date and a greeting (问候语)such as"Dear ..," should be at the top of the letter. A closing such as "Love" or "Yours truly" needs to follow the body. End it by 60 .(sign) it..
Why should you pick up a pen and write a letter It is a surprise that may make someone's day.
It's 61 good way to show people that you have been thinking of them. Everyone loves a
personal touch. It makes 62 (enjoy)memories (回忆). Some people save 63 (letter) and look at them over the years.
A recent study shows that letter writing 64 (make) the writer
happy, too."Handwriting is your DNA. It's your fingerprint that only you can share with
others,"said Richard Simpkin. So get some paper 65 pick up a pen. Start writing a letter today!
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For many students who have just entered high school, the very 56. ________ (one) lesson they learn is that military training (军训) is really an unforgettable experience. Are you looking forward to it Let’s learn more about military training.
In fact, China’s military training goes back to the Xia and Shang Dynasties. In the Shang Dynasty, wars often broke out, so the rulers thought 57. ________ (high) of military training. Besides the training, they also 58. ________ (provide) military education for the children of nobles (贵族) at all levels throughout schools. All schools in the Western Zhou Dynasty had lessons of martial arts (武术), and the 59. ________ (teach) were usually army officers.
60. ________ do students today still have military training Different schools may have different answers, but with one thing 61. ________ common—mainly to strengthen students’ willpower (意志力).
The meaning of military training is not only in the training itself, but also in its far-reaching influence. New students will improve their willpower through 62. ________ (train), so that they can have a much 63. ________ (good) understanding of the value of persistence (坚持) and develop patience and the spirit of hard work. All in all, military training is a good chance for students to improve 64. ________ (they).
Military training in some schools combines (结合) cultural activities with training. According to Beijing Youth Daily, a military training instructor shocked everyone by singing 65. ________ Italian song at the 2019 welcome party of Tsinghua University.
2.第二节 语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
One day, a father and his son went to a kite-flying festival. When they arrived, there were already many adults and their children 56. ________ (play) in the park. When the son saw the sky filled with colorful kites in different 57. ______ (shape), he was excited and wanted to get one, too. His father agreed 58. ______ (buy) one for him, so they went to a kite shop and chose a beautiful one.
With the string (线) in hand, the son started to fly 59. _______ kite. Soon, the kite was high up in the sky. After a while, the son said, “Father, it seems that the string is stopping the kite 60. _____ flying higher. If we cut it, the kite will be free and fly even higher. Can we cut it ” The father said nothing, but just cut the string off the reel (线轴). 61. ________ (sudden), the kite began to go higher, which made the son much happier.
However, to 62. _______ (he) surprise, the kite was coming down. They waited for quite some time. Slowly, it fell onto the grass. The son felt upset and asked, “I thought that after cutting the string, the kite would fly 63. ____ (high). Why did it fall down ”
The father smiled and said, “The role of the string was not stopping the kite from flying higher, 64. ______ helping it stay in the sky, because the kite itself can’t fly up. By using the string, the kite can go up in the right 65. _________ (direct). When you cut the string, it could not support the kite.”
In our life, we may sometimes feel like there are certain things that are holding us back and stopping us from growing. But in fact, they support us the most.
参考答案
2021真题
36. an 37. Luckily 38. landed 39. hungry 40. was called
41. brothers 42. him 43. Because 44. to 45. to please
2022真题
56. has 57. them
58. Recently 59. a
60. bedrooms 61. was carried
62. to finish 63. traditional
64. in 65. than
2023真题
on 57.to take 58.your 59.Generally 60.signing
61.a 62.enjoyable 63.letters 64.makes 65.and
56.first. 57.highly. 58.provided. 59.teachers. 60.Why
61.in. 62.training. 63.better. 64.themselves. 65.an
56．playing 57．shapes 58．to buy 59．the 60．from
61．Suddenly 62．his 63．higher 64．but 65．direction
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