八年级第二学期英语期末易错知识点梳理
一、词性
1:冠词
a European country一个欧洲的国家 an usual year/experience/trip 一个不寻常的年/经历/旅行
a wonderful experience 一次精彩的经历 an island country一个岛屿国家
国际组织(a Oxfam volunteer --a UNICEF doctor-- an ORBIS doctor)
What about the... 这个怎么样?
I have never seen a...:我从未见过::.
It makes a...::他使一个...
2:名词
①类:menu菜单/printer打印机/screen屏幕/mouse鼠标
②类:situations情况/condition条件(固)living condition居住条件/conversation交流
③类:voice声音(专指人发出的)/noise噪音(汽车鸣笛)/sound声音(自然界的声音:雨声,风声,雷声)
④类:reason理由/point要点,关键/result结果/advice建议(不可数)
⑤类:difference区别(固)make a difference in...在...方面有区别/promise允诺/success成功/chance机会
⑥类:experience经验(历)/condition条件/education教育/situation形式,情况/passport护照
⑦类:instruction指示(说明书)/instrument乐器/interview采访/invention发明
3:形容词
①类:cheerful快乐的/harmful有害的/meaningful有意义的/meaningless无意义的/useful有用的/thankful感激的
②类:kind友好的/clever聪明的/foolish,silly愚蠢/hard努力的/honest诚实的/patient耐心的/lonely孤独的(形容人)
4:动词和动词短语
(1)动词
①类:realize意识到,实现(梦想)/describe描述/remember记得/improve提高
②类:hit击打/shake握手/touch触动,感动/lift举起
③类:renew续借/recycle回收(垃圾)/reduce减少/return返回
④类:stand站立/refuse拒绝/afford支付得起钱/spend花费
⑤类:hit击打/fine罚款/catch抓住/support支持
(2) 动词短语
①类:get on上车/carry on继续/depend on取决于,依靠/live on以...生活
②类:turn up出现,调高声音/give up放弃/clean up清洁/take up占据
③类:make a sure of确信/make a decision做决定/make plan制定计划
④类:turn down调低声音/turn on打开/turn off关闭/turn into变为
⑤类:in all合计/at all根本/above all首先,尤其是/after all毕竟
⑥类:provide sth for sb:=provide sb with sth:为某人提供某物/offer sth:for sb:主动为人提供某物
⑦类:afraid of害怕/strict with对::严格/proud of对::自豪/thankful to感谢
⑧类:set up建立/send up发射/open up开拓眼界
⑨类:cut in (on) ...插嘴/push in::.插队,插嘴/hand in提交(作业)
5:介词
①类:except除了/without没有/opposite在...对面/against反对,靠,击打
(固)play against对抗,beat against击打,stand/live against依靠,crash against冲撞
6:副词和副词短语
①类:anyway无论如何/moreover而且/otherwise否则/instead恰恰相反是
②类:loudly大声地/clearly清晰地/quietly安静地/closely亲密地/hardly几乎不
③类:almost几乎/mostly主要地/exactly确切地/possibly可能地/especially尤其地
④类:as well as不仅::而且::/as long as只要
7:连词
①类:but但是/while尽管/till知道/or否则
②类:until直到...为止/before在::之前/after在::之后/since由于,因为,自...之后
二、变析
1:与way有关的短语
in the way/in one’s way挡住某人的路
on the way (to)...在去...路上(注意here,there,home,abroad不能+to)
in some ways以某种方式,在某种程度上
by the way顺便说一下
2:与time有关的短语
at a time一次 in time及时 on time准时
from time to time有时 at times总是
sometimes有时 sometime某时(常用于将来时) some time一段时间 some times一些次数
3:use系列短语
used to do sth:过去常常做某事
be used to doing sth:习惯于做某事(主语是人)
be used to do sth被用来做...
固定搭配::there used to be...过去常常有::(there be句型中不能用have)
4:三种表示去的用法
have gone to去了...没回来
have been to去过...(句中出现never,ever,before,four times/且与次数有关)
have been in 呆在...(句中有for+一段时间/since+过去的时间点)
5:how系列短语
how far问距离的多远(注意可以回答:About 30 minutes’ walk)
how long问时间(回答;for+时间/since+时间点)
How soon问多久(回答:in+一段时间)
how often问频率:多久一次(回答:如:three times a week)
拓展:how long的问句时态一般为现在完成时:例如how long has the door open
6:★主谓一致用法
A (together) with B--- A as well as B---A except B 主语一定是A!!!
例如 Tom as well as his mother 主语就是Tom
7:固定搭配(do/to do/doing用法)
avoid doing sth避免做::.
dream of/about doing sth:梦想做::.
can’t stop doing sth:=can’t wait to do sth:迫不及待做...
warn sb.(not) to do sth:警告某人(不)做::.
feel like doing sth:想要做某事
stop两种:stop to do::停下来去做另一件事情 stop doing sth:停止目前手上做的...
carry on doing sth:=carry on with sth:继续(做)事情...
continue doing sth:继续做同一件事
ask sb to do sth:请求某人做...
8:瞬间动词和延续性动词的用法
buy--have/has had borrow--have/has kept
arrive--have/has been in,at leave--have/has been away
join--have/has been a member of die--have/has been dead
marry--have/has been married begin/start-- have/has been on
stop/finish-- have/has been over
9:alone与lonely的用法
alone表示:处境孤独/一个村庄的孤独
lonely表示:精神上的孤独(feel lonely)/地点的孤独(a lonely village一个孤僻的村庄)
10:receive与accept的用法区别
receive 表示客观的接受。accept表示主观的接受。
例如:receive a message/present/gift/e-mail
I don’t want to accept this gift:
11:for example 与such as的区别
for example--举例说明,只举同类人或事物中的一个例子,且短语前后必须有逗号 例如:, for example,
such as--举例说明,只能举同类人或事物在的几个例子(至少两个),且短语前面必须有逗号例如:,such as
12:感叹句的用法
(1) what+a/an+形容词+主语(可数名词单数)+谓语动词!
常考:(注意有a和没有a)
What a great time/What a meaningful work
What a fantastic experience
What useful advice/news
What good information
(2) how+形容词或副词+the+主语+谓语!
13:语法
too...to do...太...而不能::.否定意义=not enough to do sth:
enough::to do...足够...做...(注意:句中有形容词需放在enough前面,即adj:+enough)
so::that与such::that::(注意:so+adj:+a/an+n:=such+a/an+adj:+n:)
14:交际用语的问句和回答
(1) Would+sb:+mind+doing sth?某人介意做某事?
介意的回答:You’d better not:/Of course/Certainly:
不介意的回答:Of course not:/Certainly not:/Not at all:
(易错:Never mind没关系-与介意无任何关系,判断介意和不介意一定要看答句横线后面的句意!!)
(2)With pleasure:我乐意(去做)。(别人请你帮他做事情的回答)
My pleasure:不客气,不用谢。(回答别人对你的感谢)=No,thanks:不用谢。
(3)I’m afraid so:恐怕是这样。
I’m afraid not:恐怕不行。
I hope so:希望如此。
I hope not:希望不是。
15:情态动词的用法--必考题
must的用法是(1)和(2)
(1) 表示“必须”,否定回答:主语+don't/doesn’t have to或者主语+needn't(易错:mustn’t是禁止的意思)
(2) 表示“推测的意思(主观)”,否定回答:主语+can’t
(3) 常见情态动词否定:mustn’t禁止做(禁止吸烟,闯红灯,穿马路,把书从图书馆带走);
needn’t不需要,can't不可能(能力),shouldn't不应该
16:until用法
(1) not...until直到...时候(可位于句首)
(2) 常考题:He won’t go to bed until his mother comes back:直到妈妈回来他才去睡觉
How soon will you finish the task Not until six:你多久完成任务?直到6点。
(2) until:直到某个时间点一直都在做。
17:反义疑问句中’s的判断和回答
sb:’s区分’s是is还是has,看这个结构后面有无动词过去分词,有就是has,没有就是is。
其次,反义疑问句的回答一定要根据事实回答。
例句:Your aunt’s been to Nan tong , hasn’t she No she hasn’t:She plans to go there this summer:
18:易错难点
Mary didn’t know who to talk to about the problem.(注意两个to)
What...:for 为什么:: 回答:To do.../For doing...(注意不能用because回答)
be made up of由...组成(例如:江苏由13个城市组成。)
find+it+adj+for sb:+to do sth:(注意是it不是it’s,that)
As the saying goes...正如...所说
19:被动语态★★★(done就是动词过去分词)---必考题
被动语态可以用于任何时态,
基本结构:现在时:be+done
将来时:will+be+done
过去时:was/were+done
现在完成时:have/has+been+done
20:替代词:this,that,those,one,ones,it区别
(1)it特指,代替前文提到过的事物。(同类同物)
例:He is eating a banana.It looks delicious:
(2)that特指,代替不可数名词或单数名词,指物。
The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that of Dongguan:(that = the weather)
(3)those特指,代替复数名词。
如:The machines are better than those we produced last year:(those=the machines)
(4)one泛指,代替单数名词,可指人或物。(同类异物)
I like the bananas,please give me one more:
(5)ones泛指,代替复数名词,可指人或物。
如:There were a few young people with some old ones in the house:(ones=people)