八年级英语下第8单元Unit 8 A green world单词翻译及知识点

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名称 八年级英语下第8单元Unit 8 A green world单词翻译及知识点
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更新时间 2024-03-29 22:17:47

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Unit 8 A green world
一、单词:
dig [d g] 挖(洞,沟等)
serious [ s r s] 认真的,严肃的
breadfruit 面包果
reduce [r dju s] 减少,降低
turn off [ t n f] 关掉(开关),切断
recycle [ri sa kl] 回收利用,循环利用
cause [k z] 导致,造成
wise [wa z] 明智的,充满智慧的
plastic [ pl st k] 塑料
separate [ sep r t] 分开,隔开
recycling 回收利用,循环利用
allow [ la ] 允许
cut down [ k tda n] 砍倒
punish [ p n ] 处罚,惩罚
fine [fa n] 罚款 adj.美好(优秀)的
limit [ l m t] 限制
depend [d pend] 依靠,依赖,指望
depend on/upon 依靠;取决于
rich [r t ] 丰富的;富有的
resource 资源
wisely 明智地,充满智慧地
run out 用完,耗尽
produce [pr dju s] 导致,产生
difference [ d f r ns] 差异,不同(之处)
make a difference (to sb/sth) (对…)有影响,起作用
display [d sple ] 展示;陈列
pollute [p lu t] 污染
harm [hɑ m] 伤害;损害
living [ l v ] 活着的,活的
survey [s ve ] 调查
empty [ empti] 空的
dust [d st] 灰尘,尘土
harmful [ hɑ mf l] 有害的
soil [s l] 土壤
in place 在正确位置
coal [k l] 煤
oil [ l] 石油;原油;食用油
gas [ɡ s] 气体;煤气
form [f m] 形成
carelessly [/ k e l sl ] 满不在乎地;粗心地
reuse [ri ju z] 再使用
simple [ s mp( )l] 简单的
step [step] 步骤
power [ pa d ] 电力;力量
二、课文翻译:
Comic strip
– What are you going to do, Hobo 霍波,你要去做什么?
– Plant trees.种树。
– Will more trees be planted this year 今年要种更多的树吗?
– Yes. Trees are good for us.是的。树对我们很有益。
– OK. I’ll go with you, I like digging in the garden.好的。我跟你一起去。我喜欢在花园里挖洞。
– Are you serious 你是认真的吗?
– Sure, I’ll plant breadfruit trees. Breadfruit … Yummy!当然。我要种面包果树。面包果……好吃!
Welcome to the unit
– What should we do to live a green life, class
同学们,对绿色生活我们应该做些什么呢?
– My dad used to drive me to school, but now we take the underground.More and more families own cars and this causes serious air pollution.
我的爸爸以前常常开车送我去上学,但是现在我们坐地铁了。越来越多的家庭拥有汽车,导致严重的空气污染。
– I agree. It’s wise for people to choose public transport or ride bicycles.
我同意。人们选择公共交通或骑自行车是很明智的。
– I think we can take shorter showers to save water.
我认为我们应该缩短淋浴时间,以节约用水。
– Yes. And we should remember to turn off the lights when we leave a room.
是的。另外当我们离开房间的时候,应该记得关灯。
Reading
I love Switzerland. It is a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes.It is beautiful, and we should try to keep it that way.
我喜欢瑞士。这是一个有着高山和干净湛蓝的湖水的国家。它很美丽,我们应该尽力让它一直保持那样。
In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.Even old clothes and shoes can be recycled. I learnt about an organization for recycling clothes.It collects old clothes from all over the country. Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for recycling.My family and I often send our old jeans and T-shirts to this organization.
在瑞士,玻璃、塑料和纸张被分成不同组并被回收。甚至旧衣服和鞋子也被回收。我了解到有一个组织回收衣服。它从全国各地收集旧衣服,一些衣服放在慈善店出售,一些分给穷人,还有一些则被运去工厂循环再生。我的家人和我常常将我们的旧牛仔裤和T恤送去这个组织。
Our government has many laws to protect the environment.For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees.Otherwise, we will be punished. If we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined by the police. There arealso laws to limit air and water pollution.
我们的政府有很多保护环境的法律。例如,我们不允许砍伐树木。否则,我们会受到处罚。如果我们在公共场合乱扔垃圾,我们会被警察罚款。同样还有法律来限制空气和水污染。
Nature is our greatest treasure. We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protectit wisely.Luckily, we are starting to use energy from the sun, wind and water. These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out.Moreover, they produce little pollution.
大自然是我们最大的财富。我们依靠其丰富的资源生存,所以要理智地保护它,这一点很重要。幸运的是,我们开始利用太阳能、风能和水能。这些新型能源不仅成本低廉,而且用之不尽。更重要的是,它们不产生污染。
Today is 5 June, World Environment Day. What have you done for the environment Remember that everyone cando something to make a difference!
今天是6月5日,世界环境日。你为环境做了些什么?记住,每个人都可以做点(对保护环境)有益的事!
Speak up
– Pollution has become a serious problem all around the world.
污染已经成为一个全球性的严重问题。
– Yes, I agree. We should try our best to protect the environment.
是的,我同意。我们应该尽最大的努力来保护环境。
– What can we do
我们能做什么?
– We can plant more trees. I think our town will look nicer with more trees around.
我们可以种更多的树。我认为周围有了更多的树,我们的城镇会更美丽。
– Good idea. Trees reduce dust and help keep the air clean. Air pollution is harmful to our health.
好主意。树木可以减少尘土,并帮助保持空气清新。大气污染对我们的健康有害。
– Right. Trees also help keep soil in place during storms.
是的。树木可以帮助在沙尘暴中固定水土。
– Yes. They provide home for animals too.
是的。他们也给动物们提供了住所。
三、重要知识点
【词汇精讲】
1. turn off
turn off是动副结构的动词短语,意为“关闭(煤气,自来水,电灯等)”。它的反义词为turn on。
Turn on/off the heat, please.
请打开/关掉暖气。
【拓展】turn的相关短语:
(1) turn to翻到,转到;求助于
例如:
We turn to the British news now.
我们现在转到英国新闻。
(2) turn up/turn down开大,调大,出现;关小,调小,拒绝
例如:
He doesn’t know how to turn up/down the radio.
他不知道如何开大/调低收音机的声音。
(3) turn out制造,生产;结果是
例如:
It’s hard to predict how things will turn out.
很难预测事情会怎么样。
(4) take turns to do sth.轮流做某事
例如:
We take turns to make dinner.我们轮流做晚饭。
2. allow
allow是动词,意为“允许,准许”,常用于 allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事;allow doing sth.“允许做……”。
例如:
My parents don’t allow me to smoke.我的父母不允许我抽烟。
We don’t allow eating in the classrooms. (我们)不允许在教室吃饭。
Her boss doesn’t allow her to use the telephone.她的老板不允许她使用电话。
3. depend on
depend on意为“依靠、依赖、取决于”,介词还可以换成 upon,主要用法有:
(1) depend on/upon+某人或某物
Whether we’ll go camping depends on the weather.我们是否去野营要看天气。
有时可在某人或某物后用介词 for。
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.儿童的衣食靠父母。。
(2) depend on [upon]+从句
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.
我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。
The amount you pay depends on where you live.
你付多少钱要看你住什么地方。
【拓展】
口语中说 It (all) depends. /That depends.意为“那要看情况”。
—Are you going too 你也去吗
—That depends.那要看情况。
4. run out
run out意为“用完;耗尽”。
例如:
Our food soon ran out.我们的食物不久就吃光了。
【拓展】run out of和 run out的辨析:
run out和 run out of这两个短语都有“用完”的意思,但用法不同。run out作不及物动词短语,表示“被用完;被耗尽”,其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的名词。而 run out of则是及物动词短语,表示主动。
例如:
His strength ran out.他的力气用完了。
He has run out of red ink.他的红墨水用完了。
We run out of coal, and had to burn wood.我们的煤用完了,所以不得不烧柴。
5. make a difference
difference是可数名词,意为“差别;差异”。make a difference (to sb. / sth.)意为“(对……)有影响,起作用”。
例如:
Does the bad news make a difference to your work 这个坏消息会对你的工作有影响吗?
The rain didn’t make a difference to the game.那场雨没有对比赛造成影响。
6. be filled with
be filled with表示“装满,填满”,相当于 be full of。
例如:
Everything is filled with new life.万物充满了生气。
The glass is filled with water.杯子里装满了水。
The room is full of young people.房间里全是年轻人。
7. both
(1)代词,意为“两者,双方,两人”。例如:
Both of the flowers are very beautiful. = The flowers are both very beautiful.这两朵花都很漂亮。
(2)形容词,意为“两者的,双方的”。例如:
She wants both dictionaries.这两本字典她都想要。
Both the answers are wrong.这两个答案都是错的。
(3)副词,意为“两者,两者都是”,常用于行为动词之前,be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。
例如:
They can both dance.他们俩都会跳舞。
(4) both…and意为“……和……都,既……又……”,用于连接两个并列成分,连接并列主语时,谓语动词应该用复数形式。
例如:
Both you and your sister like it very much.你和你姐姐都非常喜欢它。
【拓展】
(1)当 both用于否定句时,表示“并非两者都……”。
例如:
I don’t like both the sweaters.这两件毛衣,我并不都喜欢。
(2) both…and…的否定形式为 neither…nor…意为“既不……也不……”。
例如:
He can speak neither French nor English.他既不会法语也不会英语。
8. few
few意为“少数的;很少的”,只修饰可数名词,表否定含义。
例如:
I can see few birds in the tree.我几乎看不到树上有鸟。
a few意为“几个;少许”相当于 several,只修饰可数名词复数,表肯定含义。
例如:
He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。
【拓展】
little意为“很少;一点儿”,用于 “量;额;价值”等概念,修饰不可数名词,表否定含义。little还表示“小的”之意。
例如:
There is little milk in the cup.杯子里没有牛奶了。
A little boy is coming.一个小男孩过来了。
a little意为“有点儿;少量”修饰不可数名词,表示肯定含义。
He has a little money with him.他随身带了点儿钱。
a little也可以用作副词,修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语,表示“有点,稍稍”。
He is a little tired.他有点累了。
You should walk a little faster.你应该走快一点。
She was only a little over fifty years old.她才五十多一点。
相关短语:
quite a few = not a few相当多的
quite a little许多
only a little = but a little相当少
句式精讲
1. treat something used so that it can be used again
(1) so that的意思是“为了;以致”,它引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句。
例如:
They opened a technical training course so that the managers and clerks could attend it during their spare
time.他们开了一个技术训练班,为了经理和职员们在业余的时间可以去上课。
Please switch the light on so that we can see what it is.
请开灯,让我们看一下它是什么东西。
I took an early bus so that I got there in time.
我乘了早班公共汽车,及时到了那里。
【拓展】
so… that…的意思是“如此……以至于……”,它引导结果状语从句。在口语中,so…that…的 that常被省去。
例如:
She felt so sad that tears came to her eyes.
她非常悲伤,泪水盈眶。
John was so drunk(that)he could not stand still.
约翰醉得站也站不住了。
He spoke so rapidly(that)we could hardly follow him.
他说得很快,我们很难听清楚他在说什么。
2. Really What do they do to keep their country clean
keep +名词 /代词+形容词,意为“使……保持某种状态”。
例如:
Keep the door open, please.请让门开着。
Keep the window closed.关着窗户。
Coats can keep you warm.外套能使你暖和。
【拓展】
(1) keep sth.意为“保存某物,保管某物”。
例如:
How long can I keep the book 这本书我能借多长时间?
(2) keep sb. doing sth.使(某人)不停做某事。
例如:
I’m sorry for keeping you waiting so long.对不起,让你久等了。
3. Coal, oil and natural gas are not only useful for families, but have a wider use for factories.
(1) not only...but (also)的意思是“不但……而且……”,连接两个并列成分,如果连接两个主语的时候,谓语动词和后面的主语保持一致。
例如:
Not only my mother but (also) I like to go to the garden.
不仅妈妈而且我也喜欢去公园。
He can play not only the piano but also the violin.他不仅会弹钢琴,还会拉小提琴。
He was not only a writer but (also) an actor.他不仅是一位作家,而且是一位演员。
(2)以not only…but also开头的句子往往引起倒装。
Not only did he complain about the food, but he refused to pay for it.
他不仅抱怨饭不好吃,而且拒绝付饭钱。
4. …so it is time for us to go green!
It’s time to+动词原形,意为“该到做某事的时间了”;It’s time for后接名词或动词-ing形式,也表示“该到做某事的时间了” 。
例如:
It is time to leave. = It is time for leaving.该是离开的时候了。
It’s time for school.该上学了。
【拓展】
It’s time to…中间也可以加上 for sb,表示“该到某人该做某事的时间了”。
例如:
It is time for us to go to bed.该是我们睡觉的时候了。
5. Here are the results of the survey.
在英语中,副词 here,there等放于句首时常使用倒装语序。
例如:
Look, here comes the bus.看,公共汽车来了!
在此结构中,当主语是名词时完全倒装,即:强调部分+谓语+主语;当主语是代词时不倒装。
例如:
Here comes Daisy. Daisy来了。
Here he is.他在这儿。