2024届高考英语语法抢分法宝 02 代词 介词学案(含解析)

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名称 2024届高考英语语法抢分法宝 02 代词 介词学案(含解析)
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更新时间 2024-03-30 12:12:10

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秘籍02 代词+介词
目录
代词
【高考预测】代词概率预测+题型预测+考向预测.................................................................................................01
【思维导图】代词考点考向思维导图......................................................................................................................02
【应试秘籍】代词常考点及应对的策略..................................................................................................................02
【误区点拨】代词点拨常见的易错点......................................................................................................................04
【抢分通关】代词押题新高考方向,讲解通关策略(含新考法)......................................................................06
介词
【高考预测】介词概率预测+题型预测+考向预测.................................................................................................11
【思维导图】介词考点考向思维导图......................................................................................................................11
【应试秘籍】介词常考点及应对的策略..................................................................................................................12
【误区点拨】介词点拨常见的易错点......................................................................................................................14
【抢分通关】介词押题新高考方向,讲解通关策略(含新考法)......................................................................15
一 代词
概率预测 ☆☆☆☆☆
题型预测 语法填空题、阅读理解句意指代和理解、写作词语输出
考向预测 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、代词it、其它代词
对代词的考查是高考热点,一般给出人称代词的主格,要求填其宾格、名词性物主代词、形容词性物主代词或反身代词。物主代词(4年3考)、反身代词(4年1考)。
考查人称代词:句中有主语,考虑代词宾格形式作宾语或表语。如果句中无主语,则需要代词主格形式作主语。
考查物主代词:句中不缺少主语或宾语,大概率填写形容词性物主代词。此时应当观察空格后词语与设空处之间的关系。如果空格后无名词,则考虑填写名词性物主代词。
考查反身代词:如果句中缺少宾语,且宾语与主语指代相同的人或物,则该空需要反身代词。
考查代词it:设空处充当形容主语或形式宾语、特殊句式或固定短语中。如make it。
其它代词:近年高考语法填空较少涉及指示代词、不定代词、相互代词等。但2024年浙江省1月高考涉及不定代词ones。
易错点一:人称代词和物主代词错用(代词混用)
秘籍:观察设空处前后有无名词及设空处在句中充当的句子成分。
具体步骤如下:
第一步找主干:找到句中的主干,理清句子成分和句意。
第二步看细节:观察设空处后面有无名词,判断设空处是否作定语。
第三步定答案:根据代词的功能和用法判断答案。
易错提醒:当名词作宾语时,需要形容词性物主代词作定语修饰。考生容易忽略空格后的名词,而把设空处所给的代词错用作宾语的宾格形式。
The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that (we) are bigger.
破解:考查物主代词。句意:我们的大脑和猴子的主要区别在于我们的大脑更大。分析句子可知,空格处充当表语从句中的主语。由句意可知,此处意为“我们的大脑”,故用名词性物主代词,相当于our brain。故填ours。
易错提醒:如果句子结构分析和句意逻辑错误,容易误以为人称代词主格形式作主语。
变式1:(2023年新高考I卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ________ (they) contents.
破解:考查代词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。观察空格后名词是解题关键,否则易误填them,此处修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
变式2:When I look at this picture of myself, ... This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of ____________ (me) high school days.
破解:考查形容词性物主代词。句意:当我看着这张我自己的照片……这张照片经常让我回想起高中时代的许多美好回忆。修饰名词短语high school days用形容词性物主代词,故填my。
变式3:To our great relief, the army immediately came to (they) rescue.
破解:考查考查形容词性物主代词。句意:令我们大为宽慰的是,军队立即前来营救他们。分析句子可知,名词前应填入形容词性物主代词。come to one’s rescue是固定搭配,意为“救助某人”。they的形容词性物主代词为their。故填their。
易错点二:反身代词错用(反身代词和人称代词混用)
秘籍:观察设空处句子成分。如果句子缺少宾语,且由句意知宾语与主语指代相同的人或物,则需填反身代词。反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语或同位语。
具体步骤如下:
第一步看成分:观查设空处句子成分,找出主语、宾语的位置和指代对象。
第二步看指代:仔细分析句意,判断主语和宾语是否指代同一对象。同时积累含有反身代词的固定搭配。
第三步定答案:注意单复数的正确形式。
常见含有反身代词的固定搭配:
与介词搭配
by oneself 独自; for oneself 为自己; in oneself 本身;
of oneself 自动地; to oneself独享;
与动词搭配
accustom oneself to习惯于 amuse oneself自娱自乐; apply oneself专心于;
behave oneself表现得体; dress oneself 给某人自己穿衣服; make oneself at home舒适自在;
seat oneself就做; help oneself to为自己取用;
(2024九省联考卷) However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of ________(they).
破解:考查代词。句意:然而,他认为,用钢笔练习可以帮助学生集中注意力,写得更快,他们可以为自己感到自豪。根据空格前的介词of可知,空格处应填代词作宾语,根据句意“他们自己”应用themselves。故填themselves。
易错提醒:如果忽略句子的逻辑意思,容易误填代词宾格作介词宾语。
变式1:(2023-2024学年高三·江苏南通)When interacting with others, people should put (they) in the other person’s position, regarding it as a code of conduct to live harmoniously with others.
破解:考查反身代词。句意:在与人交往时,人们应该换位思考,把与人和谐相处作为一种行为准则。设空处在句中作动词“put”的宾语,表示人们应该把自己放在对方的立场去考虑问题,所以,设空处应填所给词“they”的反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
变式2:(2023高三·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习)Participating in arts can encourage children to express (they) in constructive ways.
破解:考查代词。句意:参加艺术活动可以鼓励孩子们以建设性的方式表达自己。分析句子,设空处应该使用反身代词作宾语。they的反身代词是themselves,意为“他们自己”。故填themselves。
易错点三:it的错用
秘籍:观察设空句是否在设空处后面由that或to do充当的真正主语或真正的主宾,如果有,考查it充当形式主语或形式宾语。观察句中是否含有it的固定短语。
第一步看结构:观查设空处后面是否有that从句或to do不定式。
第二步看成分:仔细分析句意,判断是否为it充当形式主语或形式宾语。
第三步定答案:注意是否含有固定用法如 make it,help it等。
易错提醒:对于后面的真正主语或宾语忽略,误以为there开头的句型。
(2023-2024学年高三·河北衡水·期中) struck me that I had left the key at home.
破解:考查固定句型。句意:我突然想到我把钥匙忘在家里了。it struck/strikes sb. that为固定句型,意为“某人突然想起……”,it是形式主语,真正的主语是that从句,单词位于句首,首字母大写,故填It。
变式1:(2023高三·福建厦门·模拟测试)Don’t take___________for granted that whatever you see is true.
破解:考考查固定句型和形式宾语it。句意:不要想当然地认为你看到的一切都是真的。take it for granted that...是固定句型,意为“认为……是理所当然”,其中it作形式宾语,that从句是宾语从句。故填it。
变式2:There is no denying that volunteers consider___________important for them to protect the historical sites in China.
破解:考查固定用法。句意:不可否认,志愿者认为保护中国的历史遗址对他们来说很重要。consider后需要跟it做形式宾语,指代后文的不定式真正宾语。故填it。
【押题新高考题型一】人称代词与物主代词
1.The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make (they) escape. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】their
【详解】考查代词。句意:震动停止的那一刻,布朗小姐感觉到这是全班同学逃生的最佳时机。根据句意及英文提示可知,此处使用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”,作定语,修饰名词escape。make one’s escape“逃跑”。故填their。
2.Each level of the forest forms (it) own little world, home to different kinds of living things. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】its
【详解】考查代词。句意:森林的每一层都形成了它自己的小世界,是不同种类生物的家园。提示词作定语,用形容词性物主代词its,意为“它的”。故填its。
3.Ecotourism has (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept until the late 1980s. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】its
【详解】考查代词。句意:生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。直到上世纪80年代末,这个概念才被广泛接受。根据空格后名词origin可知,此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin,作定语。故填its。
A wealthy businessman came to (they) rescue with a generous donation. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】their
【详解】考查形容词性物主代词。句意:一位富有的商人慷慨解囊挽救了他们。根据空后的名词rescue可知,空处应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
5.“Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It’s (I).” (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】mine
【详解】考查代词。句意:“有人在上一站丢了手提箱吗?”公共汽车上的一个女人喊道:“天哪!它是我的。”分析句子,设空处表示“我的手提箱”应该用I的名词性物主代词mine。故填mine。
Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of (we)Further Resources section featured in each volume. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】our
【详解】考查代词。句意:我们鼓励读者在每一卷的进一步资源部分的指导下继续探索数字世界。修饰后文名词section 应用形容词性物主代词。故填our。
7. Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in (he) early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】his
【详解】考查代词。句意:安德鲁·雷诺兹,30岁出头,是个开朗的小伙子,以驾驶悉尼渡船为生。in one’s+基数词复数,表示“在某人几十岁时”。故填his。
8.When it was impossible for (I) to row my boat, I tied it to my waist and pulled it behind me, with my pants rolled to my knees. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】me
【详解】考查代词。句意:当我的船划不动时,我就把它系在腰间,拉在身后,把裤子卷到膝盖处。设空前面为介词,应当使用代词的宾格形式。根据句意,故填me。
9.However, he later finds out that his father was a wizard, and that his mother was a witch, both of (they)murdered by an evil wizard. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】them
【详解】考查人称代词。句意:然而,他后来发现他的父亲是一个巫师,他的母亲是一个女巫,他们都被一个邪恶的巫师谋杀了。空处所在部分为独立主格结构,结合句意及空前的介词of,可知应填人称代词的宾格形式them。故填them。
10.I wish to thank Mr. Smith, and without (he) help I would never have got this far. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】his
【详解】考查形容词性物主代词。句意:我要感谢史密斯先生,如果没有他的帮助,我不可能走到今天这一步。结合句意空处应填形容词性物主代词,作定语,修饰名词help,所以空格处应填his。故填his.
【押题新高考题型二】反身代词
1.Tai chi, part of Chinese culture, is a kind of exercise which helps people improve (they) in health. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】themselves
【详解】考查代词。句意:太极拳是中国文化的一部分,是一种帮助人们提高健康水平的运动。结合句意可知,此处使用反身代词themselves“他们自己”,作improve的宾语。故填themselves。
She soon recovered (she) and went on with his lecture. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】herself
【详解】考查代词。句意:她很快恢复了镇静,继续听他讲课。短语recover oneself表示“恢复”,故填herself。
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found (her) greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】herself
【详解】考查代词。句意:当吉尼·巴兹林顿抵达南极洲时,她发现自己被一群渴望打招呼的Gentoo小企鹅欢迎。分析句子结构,空处作found的宾语,且与句子主语she指的是同一个人,空处应用反身代词herself,表示“她自己”。故填herself。
4.The girl was sitting on the chair quietly, burying (she) in the magazine in the hands. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】herself
【详解】考查反身代词。句意:女孩安静地坐在椅子上,专心看杂志。结合句意空处应填反身代词herself,bury oneself in...意为“埋头于……;专心致至于……”,固定搭配。故填herself。
5.Absorbing (me) in practising English, I am able to speak English fluently. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】myself
【详解】考查反身代词。句意:专心练习英语,我能说一口流利的英语。absorb oneself in是固定短语,意为“专心于”,因此空格处是反身代词,me对应的反身代词是myself,故填myself。
【押题新高考题型三】代词it
1.If you try your best to do something,you should believe that you can make .(用适当的词填空)
【答案】it
【详解】考查动词短语。句意:如果你尽力去做某事,你应该相信你能成功。固定短语make it意为“获得成功”,故填it。
2.We will appreciate very much if you can reply to our letters as early as possible. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】it
【详解】考查代词。句意:如果您能尽早回复我们的信,我们将非常感激。分析句子结构可知,此处涉及固定句型I would appreciate it if…,意为“如果……我将不胜感激”,所以此处应填代词it。故填it。
3.They live in a small house, and in front of stands an orange tree. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】it
【详解】考查代词。句意:他们住在一所小房子里,房子前面有一棵橘子树。句中and连接两个并列分句,空处指代前面分句中的a small house,应用代词宾格it,作in front of的宾语。故填it。
4. has been five years since I came to this city. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】It
【详解】考查句型。句意:我来到这个城市已经五年了。此处考查句型“It has been +一段时间+since+一般过去时”,意为“自从……,已有(一段时间)了”。设空处应用代词it,在句首,故首字母大写。故填It。
5.He found difficult to work out the problem.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】it
【详解】考查it作形式宾语。句意:他发现解决这个问题很困难。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查it作形式宾语,后面的动词不定式短语to work out the problem是真正的宾语。故填it。
6.A drama series named Medal of the Republic has appealed to a large audience on Chinese social media in the last few weeks. tells heart-warming stories about the first group of eight Chinese people who were awarded the Medal of the Republic. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】It
【详解】考查代词。句意:过去几周,一部名为《共和国勋章》的电视剧在中国社交媒体上吸引了大量观众。它讲述了首批八名中国人被授予共和国勋章的感人故事。此处指代上文的“Medal of the Republic”,需用代词it作主语。位于句首,首字母需大写。故填It。
7.The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but didn’t help. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】it
【详解】考查代词。句意:医生强烈建议薇拉去度假,但没有用。此处指上文去度假这件事没有用,应用代词it。故填it。
Unfortunately, took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】it
【详解】考查代词it。句意:不幸的是,探险者和定居者只花了几十年的时间就毁灭了这些资源的很大一部分。此处为句型it takes/took sb. some time to do sth.,it作形式主语。故填it。
9.Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making easier to produce such sounds. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】it
【详解】考查it作形式宾语。句意:后来,我们的下颚变成了覆咬结构,从而更容易发出这样的声音。分析句子可知,此处make复合结构make it+adj+to do“使做某事怎么样”,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为to do不定式。故填it。
10.I don't like when you phone me so late at night. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】it
【详解】考查固定句型。句意:我不喜欢你这么晚给我打电话。接在动词enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 后面,用以代替后面 when 从句所表示的情况,一般用it,故填it。
【押题新高考题型四】其它
In many ways, the education system in China is different from in the UK. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查代词。句意:在许多方面,中国的教育体系与英国的(的教育体系)不同。此处指英国的教育体系,与前面提到的中国的教育体系为同类事物,上文中的system是单数,应用that,特指上文中提到的the education system。故填that。
2.This school is one of the top schools in our city, equipped with modern teaching equipment. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】one
【详解】考查代词。句意:这所学校是我市最好的学校之一,学校配备了现代化的教学设备。指代This school,用代词one可以代替前面刚提到过的同一类人或物。根据句意,故填one。
3.Despite his serious illness, the old man had lost of his enthusiasm for life.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】none
【详解】考查不定代词。句意:这位老人尽管病得很重,但他对生活的热情丝毫未减。根据句意可知,此处为不定代词none“全无;没有一点儿”后接of介词,构成none of“没有一点儿……”,满足句意要求。故填none。
4.Most of the tourists think that the beauty of sea is greater than of deserts. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查代词。句意:大多数游客认为大海比沙漠更美。分析句子可知,此处为代词that指代前面的不可数名词the beauty,其中that一般指代前面有定冠词限定的单数名词或不可数名词。故填that。
5.Cheap as the cars on show are, I really can’t afford . (用适当的词填空)
【答案】one
【详解】考查代词。句意:虽然展出的汽车很便宜,但我真的买不起。设空处在句中作宾语,应填代词或名词;结合句意可知,此处泛指一辆在展出的汽车,应用one。故填one。
6. But why are certain sounds more common than (other) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】others
【详解】考查代词。句意:但为什么某些声音比其他声音更常见呢?分析句子,此处指代的是“其他的声音”表示复数意义。故填others。
7.Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, of which will be graded. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】both
【详解】考查代词。句意:此外,我会不时地安排小组作业在课堂上完成,或在家里完成短期作业,这两项作业都将评分。分析句子,设空处指代的前文“在课堂上”和“在家里”两种情况,故用代词both,与后文的of which作定语从句的主语。故填both。
二 介词
概率预测 ☆☆☆☆☆
题型预测 语法填空介词用法题、阅读词汇、写作词语输出
考向预测 介词基本用法、固定短语
对介词的考查是高考的重要命题点,语法填空中以无词形式出现。考查常见介词的固定搭配(4年5考)。在解答介词题时,应当重点关注设空处前后内容和句意。如果空格后有名词、代词或动名词,且这些词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语,那么该空大概率填介词。介词1.考查介词短语的具体意义。2.考查介词与其前面的动词构成的固定短语的具体含义。
核心介词考点清单
一、 表示“时间”的介词
1. at, on, in  
a. at表示“在某一时刻,某一时点”。b. on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。
c. in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。
2. for, during, through
a. for后接“一段时间”,表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用。b. during表示“在……期间”。
c. through表示“一直……,自始至终”。=
3. from, since
a.from表示“时间的起点”,后跟时间段,可译作“从……”,多用于“from…to/till…”中。=
b.since表示“自从……以来(直到现在)”。后跟时间点。
4. before, by, till, until
a.before指“在……之前”,与after相对。
b.by指“不迟于,到……时为止,在……以前”。如:
We will have learned 3000 English words by the end of this term.
到本学期结束前,我们将学了三千英语单词了。
注:by后接过去时间,常与过去完成时连用;by后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用。
c. till (until) “直到……为止”。 在肯定句中,till/until必须与延续动词连用;在否定句中,till/until常与非
延续性动词连用。如
I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock. 直到12点我才睡。
5. after, in, within
a. 用in时要具备两个条件:用于将来时;后接时间段
I’ll arrive in an hour. 我一小时后到达。
b. after既可用于将来时,也可用于过去时
He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌症,一年后去世了。
The meeting will end after 3:00pm. 会议将在下午三点后结束。
c. within“在……时间之内”。
二、 表示“地点、方位”的介词
1. at, on, to, in
at表示在小地方; 在……附近,旁边
in 表示 在大地方; 在……围之内
on 表示毗邻,接壤
to 表示在 范围外,不强调是否接壤
2. above, over, on
above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对;
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触;
on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
3. along, through, across
a. across 和 through 都可表示“横过”或“穿过”,前者主要表示从某物的表面“横过”,涉及“面”的概念;而后者则表示从某个空间“穿过”,涉及“体”的概念。=
b.along 表示“沿着”,通常用于狭长的东西。如:
4. between, among
between一般指“两者之间”
among用于三个或三个以上的人或物之中,或笼统的一群人或一些物之中,表示“在……中间”。
三、其他介词
1. 表示“工具或手段”的介词 by, with, on
a.by用某种方式,多用于交通。
by bus乘公共汽车, by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。
b.with表示“用某种工具”。
c.on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。
They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。
2. 表示关于的介词 of, about, on
a.of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。
b. about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。如:
c.on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。如:
3. 表原因或理由的介词for, at, from, of, with, by, because of
a.for表示原因,常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。如:
b.at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。如:
c.from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。如:
d. of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。如:
e. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。如:with joy
f.by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
g.because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。如:
易错点一:忽略设空处前后词的搭配(固定短语错用)
秘籍:观察设空处前后,如果考查固定短语中的介词,设空前一两个词中会出现相关动词。如是形容词短语中的介词,则仍需在设空前寻找线索。其后也会出现固定搭配中的若干词语。故瞻前顾后需谨慎。
具体步骤如下:
第一步:观察设空处为无提示词,根据句法功能判断为介词。
第二步:根据空格处前后有无出现含有介词的固定搭配,仔细鉴别句意。
第三步:推敲得出结论。
易错提醒:固定短语词条众多,介词多变,平时积累不够易混淆介词。
The photo reminds me my childhood.
破解:考查介词。句意:这张照片使我想起了我的童年。remind sb. of sth.为固定搭配,意为“使某人想起某事”,空处需填介词of。故填of。
变式1:He has provided me a lot of constructive advice on how to learn Chinese well.
破解:考查介词。句意:他为我提供了很多关于如何学好汉语的建设性建议。provide sb. with sth.意为“给某人提供某物”,为固定搭配。故填with。
变式2:Hearing the bad news, he burst tears.
破解:考查介词。句意:听到这个坏消息,他大哭起来。分析句子可知,这里考查burst into tears表“突然哭起来”,为固定搭配。故填into。
变式3:He got to the train station early, for fear missing the train.
破解:考查介词。句意:他很早就到了火车站,因为害怕错过火车。分析句子可知,这里考查for fear of表“害怕”,为固定搭配。故填of。
易错点二:忽略介词的核心意义(语境中介词的基本用法)
秘籍:仔细分析句子结构,句子的逻辑意思即可推知常用介词的基础含义。
具体步骤如下:
第一步:观察设空处为无提示词,根据句法确定为介词。
第二步:理清句子成分,合理翻译句意,推知介词的核心意义。
第三步:根据介词的基础用法即可填写答案。
China is a multi-ethnic nation, 5,000 years of history and a splendid ancient civilization.
破解:考查介词。空处和空后的名词短语搭配,作状语,作补充说明,结合“5,000 years of history”可知,应用介词with“具有,带有”,表示有着5000年的历史和灿烂的古代文明。故填with。句意:中国是一个多民族的国家,有着5000年的历史和灿烂的古代文明。
变式1:Born in America, I spoke Chinese, not English, the language my ancestors.
破解:考查介词。句意:我出生在美国,说的是中文,而不是我祖先的英语。分析句子可知,空处填of表示所属关系,the language of my ancestors“我祖先的英语”。故填of。
变式2:.One way to catch a glimpse of the future is to examine some of the major trends contemporary society.
破解:考查介词。句意:一瞥未来的一种方法是审视当代社会的一些主要趋势。分析句子可知,这里考查in society表“在社会中”,为固定搭配。故填in。
【押题新高考题型一】短语中的介词
1.She shows a very positive attitude her work. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】to/towards
【详解】考查介词。句意:她对工作表现出非常积极的态度。名词attitude“态度”后常跟介词to或towards,意为“对……的态度”。故填to/towards。
2.A teacher is skilled teaching his subject. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】in
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:老师擅长教授他的学科。be skilled in“擅长,精通,在……方面熟练”。故填in。
3.Polluted air and water are harmful people’s health. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】to
【详解】考查介词。句意:污染了的水和空气对人体健康有害。be harmful to表示“对...有害”。故填to。
4.After he retired, he occupied himself gardening. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】with
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:退休后,他忙于园艺工作。本题考查固定短语occupy oneself with doing sth.,意思为“某人忙于做……”。故填with。
5.Earth and plants protect us summer heat and winter cold. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】from
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:地球和植物保护我们免受夏天的炎热和冬天的寒冷。结合句意可知,此处用介词from。固定短语protect sb. from“保护某人免受”。故填from。
6.How do you adapt to that, especially with the lack resources there (用适当的词填空)
【答案】of
【详解】考查介词。句意:你们如何适应这种情况,尤其是在资源匮乏的情况下 分析句意再根据空格前的the lack可知,此处用介词of表所属关系,构成固定搭配the lack of表示“缺乏……”。故填of。
7.I can go travelling this summer holiday; I’m condition. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】in
【详解】考查介词。句意:这个暑假我可以去旅游;我身体很好。in condition为固定搭配,意为“身体强壮健康”。故填in。
8.Daydreamers have a bad reputation being unaware of what’s happening around them. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】for
【详解】考查介词。句意:白日做梦的人因为不知道他们周围发生了什么而名声不好。考查固定短语:have a reputation for…意为 “因……而闻名”。故填for。
9.The hotel is used exhibitions, conferences and social events. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】for
【详解】考查介词。句意:酒店用于展览、会议和社交活动。本空填介词for,be used for为固定短语,意为“用来做……;用于……”,故填for。
10.Punctuality (守时) is vital, something that comes from a deep respect others’ time.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】for
【详解】考查介词。句意:守时是至关重要的,它来自于对他人时间的深刻尊重。respect for“尊重”,固定搭配,故填for。
11.The government is determined to rid our nation corruption. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】of
【详解】考查动词短语。句意:政府决心铲除我们国家的腐败现象。横线前的rid是个动词,意思是“去除,摆脱掉”,它的固定用法是rid sb. of sth.,意思是“帮某人摆脱掉某物”,符合题意。故答案填of。
12.Good hobbies contribute better character, so students should develop excellent hobbies. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】to
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:好的爱好有助于培养更好的性格,所以学生应该培养优秀的爱好。根据句意和空前的contribute可知,本空填介词to,contribute to“有助于”,为固定短语。故填to。
13.Keep company good hobbies and you’ll learn to live happily and lightly. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】with
【详解】考查介词。句意:与好的爱好为伴,你就会学会快乐而轻松地生活。“keep company with sb./sth.”为固定短语,意为“和……为伴,陪伴……”。故填with。
14.You had better choose the activities which have a good influence you; you had better choose what you like. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】on
【详解】考查介词。句意:你最好选择对你有好的影响的活动;你最好选择你喜欢的。短语have a good influence on表示“对……有好的影响”。故填on。
15.I’m eager to join in the activity and I’m sure I will benefit greatly such an opportunity. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】from
【详解】考查动词固定用法。句意:我渴望参加这个活动,我相信我会从这样一个机会中受益匪浅。横线前面有benefit,是个动词,意思是“使……受益;从……受益”,固定用法是benefit sb.或benefit from,根据句意判断,句子想表达“从机会中受益”,故答案填from。
16.Many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers public to be unusual and even improper. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】in
【详解】考查介词。句意:许多俄罗斯人认为在公共场合对陌生人微笑是不寻常的,甚至是不恰当的。in public为固定搭配,意为“在公共场合”。故填in。
17.Please remember to send my regards your parents. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】to
【详解】考查介词。句意:请记得代我向你的父母问好。短语send regards to表示“向……问好”。故填to。
18.I hope you can make an apology to me your unkindness. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】for
【详解】考查介词。句意:我希望你能为你的不友好向我道歉。根据“make an apology to me”和“your unkindness”可推知,此处用固定短语make an apology to sb. for sth.表示“为某事向某人道歉”。故填for。
19.I have been fed up his laziness in his daily life. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】with
【详解】考查介词。句意:我受够了他在日常生活中的懒惰。be fed up with为固定搭配,意为“对……厌烦,受够了”,空处需填介词with。故填with。
20.He had finally accomplished his dream breaking the world record in the Olympics. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】of
【详解】考查介词。句意:他终于实现了在奥运会上打破世界纪录的梦想。dream of“……的梦想”,根据句意,故填of。
【押题新高考题型二】介词的核心意思
1.For miles around me there was nothing but desert, a single plant in sight. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】without
【详解】考查介词。句意:在我周围几英里的地方,除了沙漠什么也没有,看不到一棵植物。由nothing but desert可知,句子表示“在我周围几英里的地方,除了沙漠什么也没有,看不到一棵植物”,空格处意为“没有”,用介词without。故填without。
2. the assistance of information technology, students’ study can’t be restricted in the classroom merely. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】With
【详解】考查介词。句意:在信息技术的帮助下,学生的学习不再局限于课堂。根据“the assistance of information technology”和“can’t be restricted in the classroom merely”可推知,此处用固定短语with the assistance of表示“在……的帮助下”,指信息技术的帮助让学生的学习超越了课堂,且空处位于句首,with的首字母需大写。故填With。
3.Would it be convenient for you to give the oral class at three Wednesday instead (用适当的词填空)
【答案】on
【详解】考查介词。句意:你改在星期三三点上口语课方便吗?表示“在具体某一天”应用介词on。故填on。
4.Paul likes surfing the Internet, and he is always searching the Web interesting sites. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】for
【详解】考查介词。句意:保罗喜欢上网,他总是在网上搜索有趣的网站。“有趣的网站”是搜索的目的,用介词for“为了”符合题意。故填for。
5.The survey shows that roughly three-quarters of the 86 tree species surveyed have shifted their population centers westward 1980. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】since
【详解】考查介词。句意:这个调查表明自1980年以来,被研究的86个树种中大约有3/4的树种把种群中心往西移动。since作介词,意思是“自……以来”。故填since。
6.Scientists say that another 26.5 trillion pounds will be produced worldwide 2050. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】by
【详解】考查介词。句意:科学家们表示,到2050年,全球将再生产26.5万亿磅。根据“2050”可知,设空处应用介词。结合句意,此处表示时间“到……之前,不迟于”,应用介词by。故填by。
7.The sun had already sunk the horizon. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】below
【详解】考查介词。句意:太阳已经落在地平线以下了。表示“在……下面”应用below。故填below。
8.The reporter asked several questions (concern) the future of the company. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】concerning
【详解】考查介词。句意:记者问了几个关于公司未来的问题。根据句子分析可知,此处应用应用介词“concerning关于”,作questions的定语,故填concerning。秘籍02 代词+介词
目录
代词
【高考预测】代词概率预测+题型预测+考向预测.................................................................................................01
【思维导图】代词考点考向思维导图......................................................................................................................02
【应试秘籍】代词常考点及应对的策略..................................................................................................................02
【误区点拨】代词点拨常见的易错点......................................................................................................................03
【抢分通关】代词押题新高考方向,讲解通关策略(含新考法)......................................................................05
介词
【高考预测】介词概率预测+题型预测+考向预测.................................................................................................07
【思维导图】介词考点考向思维导图......................................................................................................................08
【应试秘籍】介词常考点及应对的策略..................................................................................................................08
【误区点拨】介词点拨常见的易错点......................................................................................................................10
【抢分通关】介词押题新高考方向,讲解通关策略(含新考法)......................................................................11
一 代词
概率预测 ☆☆☆☆☆
题型预测 语法填空题、阅读理解句意指代和理解、写作词语输出
考向预测 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、代词it、其它代词
对代词的考查是高考热点,一般给出人称代词的主格,要求填其宾格、名词性物主代词、形容词性物主代词或反身代词。物主代词(4年3考)、反身代词(4年1考)。
考查人称代词:句中有主语,考虑代词宾格形式作宾语或表语。如果句中无主语,则需要代词主格形式作主语。
考查物主代词:句中不缺少主语或宾语,大概率填写形容词性物主代词。此时应当观察空格后词语与设空处之间的关系。如果空格后无名词,则考虑填写名词性物主代词。
考查反身代词:如果句中缺少宾语,且宾语与主语指代相同的人或物,则该空需要反身代词。
考查代词it:设空处充当形容主语或形式宾语、特殊句式或固定短语中。如make it。
其它代词:近年高考语法填空较少涉及指示代词、不定代词、相互代词等。但2024年浙江省1月高考涉及不定代词ones。
易错点一:人称代词和物主代词错用(代词混用)
秘籍:观察设空处前后有无名词及设空处在句中充当的句子成分。
具体步骤如下:
第一步找主干:找到句中的主干,理清句子成分和句意。
第二步看细节:观察设空处后面有无名词,判断设空处是否作定语。
第三步定答案:根据代词的功能和用法判断答案。
易错提醒:当名词作宾语时,需要形容词性物主代词作定语修饰。考生容易忽略空格后的名词,而把设空处所给的代词错用作宾语的宾格形式。
The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that (we) are bigger.
变式1:(2023年新高考I卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ________ (they) contents.
变式2:When I look at this picture of myself, ... This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of ____________ (me) high school days.
变式3:To our great relief, the army immediately came to (they) rescue.
易错点二:反身代词错用(反身代词和人称代词混用)
秘籍:观察设空处句子成分。如果句子缺少宾语,且由句意知宾语与主语指代相同的人或物,则需填反身代词。反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语或同位语。
具体步骤如下:
第一步看成分:观查设空处句子成分,找出主语、宾语的位置和指代对象。
第二步看指代:仔细分析句意,判断主语和宾语是否指代同一对象。同时积累含有反身代词的固定搭配。
第三步定答案:注意单复数的正确形式。
常见含有反身代词的固定搭配:
与介词搭配
by oneself 独自; for oneself 为自己; in oneself 本身;
of oneself 自动地; to oneself独享;
与动词搭配
accustom oneself to习惯于 amuse oneself自娱自乐; apply oneself专心于;
behave oneself表现得体; dress oneself 给某人自己穿衣服; make oneself at home舒适自在;
seat oneself就做; help oneself to为自己取用;
(2024九省联考卷) However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of ________(they).
变式1:(2023-2024学年高三·江苏南通)When interacting with others, people should put (they) in the other person’s position, regarding it as a code of conduct to live harmoniously with others.
变式2:(2023高三·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习)Participating in arts can encourage children to express (they) in constructive ways.
易错点三:it的错用
秘籍:观察设空句是否在设空处后面由that或to do充当的真正主语或真正的主宾,如果有,考查it充当形式主语或形式宾语。观察句中是否含有it的固定短语。
第一步看结构:观查设空处后面是否有that从句或to do不定式。
第二步看成分:仔细分析句意,判断是否为it充当形式主语或形式宾语。
第三步定答案:注意是否含有固定用法如 make it,help it等。
易错提醒:对于后面的真正主语或宾语忽略,误以为there开头的句型。
(2023-2024学年高三·河北衡水·期中) struck me that I had left the key at home.
变式1:(2023高三·福建厦门·模拟测试)Don’t take___________for granted that whatever you see is true.
变式2:There is no denying that volunteers consider___________important for them to protect the historical sites in China.
【押题新高考题型一】人称代词与物主代词
1.The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make (they) escape. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.Each level of the forest forms (it) own little world, home to different kinds of living things. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.Ecotourism has (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept until the late 1980s. (所给词的适当形式填空)
A wealthy businessman came to (they) rescue with a generous donation. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5.“Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It’s (I).” (所给词的适当形式填空)
Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of (we)Further Resources section featured in each volume. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7. Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in (he) early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8.When it was impossible for (I) to row my boat, I tied it to my waist and pulled it behind me, with my pants rolled to my knees. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9.However, he later finds out that his father was a wizard, and that his mother was a witch, both of (they)murdered by an evil wizard. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10.I wish to thank Mr. Smith, and without (he) help I would never have got this far. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【押题新高考题型二】反身代词
1.Tai chi, part of Chinese culture, is a kind of exercise which helps people improve (they) in health. (所给词的适当形式填空)
She soon recovered (she) and went on with his lecture. (所给词的适当形式填空)
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found (her) greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4.The girl was sitting on the chair quietly, burying (she) in the magazine in the hands. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5.Absorbing (me) in practising English, I am able to speak English fluently. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【押题新高考题型三】代词it
1.If you try your best to do something,you should believe that you can make .(用适当的词填空)
2.We will appreciate very much if you can reply to our letters as early as possible. (用适当的词填空)
3.They live in a small house, and in front of stands an orange tree. (用适当的词填空)
4. has been five years since I came to this city. (用适当的词填空)
5.He found difficult to work out the problem.(用适当的词填空)
6.A drama series named Medal of the Republic has appealed to a large audience on Chinese social media in the last few weeks. tells heart-warming stories about the first group of eight Chinese people who were awarded the Medal of the Republic. (用适当的词填空)
7.The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but didn’t help. (用适当的词填空)
Unfortunately, took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. (用适当的词填空)
9.Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making easier to produce such sounds. (用适当的词填空)
10.I don't like when you phone me so late at night. (用适当的词填空)
【押题新高考题型四】其它
In many ways, the education system in China is different from in the UK. (用适当的词填空)
2.This school is one of the top schools in our city, equipped with modern teaching equipment. (用适当的词填空)
3.Despite his serious illness, the old man had lost of his enthusiasm for life.(用适当的词填空)
4.Most of the tourists think that the beauty of sea is greater than of deserts. (用适当的词填空)
5.Cheap as the cars on show are, I really can’t afford . (用适当的词填空)
6. But why are certain sounds more common than (other) (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, of which will be graded. (用适当的词填空)
二 介词
概率预测 ☆☆☆☆☆
题型预测 语法填空介词用法题、阅读词汇、写作词语输出
考向预测 介词基本用法、固定短语
对介词的考查是高考的重要命题点,语法填空中以无词形式出现。考查常见介词的固定搭配(4年5考)。在解答介词题时,应当重点关注设空处前后内容和句意。如果空格后有名词、代词或动名词,且这些词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语,那么该空大概率填介词。介词1.考查介词短语的具体意义。2.考查介词与其前面的动词构成的固定短语的具体含义。
核心介词考点清单
一、 表示“时间”的介词
1. at, on, in  
a. at表示“在某一时刻,某一时点”。b. on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。
c. in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。
2. for, during, through
a. for后接“一段时间”,表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用。b. during表示“在……期间”。
c. through表示“一直……,自始至终”。=
3. from, since
a.from表示“时间的起点”,后跟时间段,可译作“从……”,多用于“from…to/till…”中。=
b.since表示“自从……以来(直到现在)”。后跟时间点。
4. before, by, till, until
a.before指“在……之前”,与after相对。
b.by指“不迟于,到……时为止,在……以前”。如:
We will have learned 3000 English words by the end of this term.
到本学期结束前,我们将学了三千英语单词了。
注:by后接过去时间,常与过去完成时连用;by后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用。
c. till (until) “直到……为止”。 在肯定句中,till/until必须与延续动词连用;在否定句中,till/until常与非
延续性动词连用。如
I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock. 直到12点我才睡。
5. after, in, within
a. 用in时要具备两个条件:用于将来时;后接时间段
I’ll arrive in an hour. 我一小时后到达。
b. after既可用于将来时,也可用于过去时
He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌症,一年后去世了。
The meeting will end after 3:00pm. 会议将在下午三点后结束。
c. within“在……时间之内”。
二、 表示“地点、方位”的介词
1. at, on, to, in
at表示在小地方; 在……附近,旁边
in 表示 在大地方; 在……围之内
on 表示毗邻,接壤
to 表示在 范围外,不强调是否接壤
2. above, over, on
above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对;
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触;
on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
3. along, through, across
a. across 和 through 都可表示“横过”或“穿过”,前者主要表示从某物的表面“横过”,涉及“面”的概念;而后者则表示从某个空间“穿过”,涉及“体”的概念。=
b.along 表示“沿着”,通常用于狭长的东西。如:
4. between, among
between一般指“两者之间”
among用于三个或三个以上的人或物之中,或笼统的一群人或一些物之中,表示“在……中间”。
三、其他介词
1. 表示“工具或手段”的介词 by, with, on
a.by用某种方式,多用于交通。
by bus乘公共汽车, by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。
b.with表示“用某种工具”。
c.on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。
They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。
2. 表示关于的介词 of, about, on
a.of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。
b. about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。如:
c.on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。如:
3. 表原因或理由的介词for, at, from, of, with, by, because of
a.for表示原因,常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。如:
b.at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。如:
c.from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。如:
d. of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。如:
e. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。如:with joy
f.by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
g.because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。如:
易错点一:忽略设空处前后词的搭配(固定短语错用)
秘籍:观察设空处前后,如果考查固定短语中的介词,设空前一两个词中会出现相关动词。如是形容词短语中的介词,则仍需在设空前寻找线索。其后也会出现固定搭配中的若干词语。故瞻前顾后需谨慎。
具体步骤如下:
第一步:观察设空处为无提示词,根据句法功能判断为介词。
第二步:根据空格处前后有无出现含有介词的固定搭配,仔细鉴别句意。
第三步:推敲得出结论。
易错提醒:固定短语词条众多,介词多变,平时积累不够易混淆介词。
The photo reminds me my childhood.
变式1:He has provided me a lot of constructive advice on how to learn Chinese well.
变式2:Hearing the bad news, he burst tears.
变式3:He got to the train station early, for fear missing the train.
易错点二:忽略介词的核心意义(语境中介词的基本用法)
秘籍:仔细分析句子结构,句子的逻辑意思即可推知常用介词的基础含义。
具体步骤如下:
第一步:观察设空处为无提示词,根据句法确定为介词。
第二步:理清句子成分,合理翻译句意,推知介词的核心意义。
第三步:根据介词的基础用法即可填写答案。
China is a multi-ethnic nation, 5,000 years of history and a splendid ancient civilization.
变式1:Born in America, I spoke Chinese, not English, the language my ancestors.
变式2:.One way to catch a glimpse of the future is to examine some of the major trends contemporary society.
【押题新高考题型一】短语中的介词
1.She shows a very positive attitude her work. (用适当的词填空)
2.A teacher is skilled teaching his subject. (用适当的词填空)
3.Polluted air and water are harmful people’s health. (用适当的词填空)
4.After he retired, he occupied himself gardening. (用适当的词填空)
5.Earth and plants protect us summer heat and winter cold. (用适当的词填空)
6.How do you adapt to that, especially with the lack resources there (用适当的词填空)
7.I can go travelling this summer holiday; I’m condition. (用适当的词填空)
8.Daydreamers have a bad reputation being unaware of what’s happening around them. (用适当的词填空)
9.The hotel is used exhibitions, conferences and social events. (用适当的词填空)
10.Punctuality (守时) is vital, something that comes from a deep respect others’ time.(用适当的词填空)
11.The government is determined to rid our nation corruption. (用适当的词填空)
12.Good hobbies contribute better character, so students should develop excellent hobbies. (用适当的词填空)
13.Keep company good hobbies and you’ll learn to live happily and lightly. (用适当的词填空)
14.You had better choose the activities which have a good influence you; you had better choose what you like. (用适当的词填空)
15.I’m eager to join in the activity and I’m sure I will benefit greatly such an opportunity. (用适当的词填空)
16.Many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers public to be unusual and even improper. (用适当的词填空)
17.Please remember to send my regards your parents. (用适当的词填空)
18.I hope you can make an apology to me your unkindness. (用适当的词填空)
19.I have been fed up his laziness in his daily life. (用适当的词填空)
20.He had finally accomplished his dream breaking the world record in the Olympics. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【押题新高考题型二】介词的核心意思
1.For miles around me there was nothing but desert, a single plant in sight. (用适当的词填空)
2. the assistance of information technology, students’ study can’t be restricted in the classroom merely. (用适当的词填空)
3.Would it be convenient for you to give the oral class at three Wednesday instead (用适当的词填空)
4.Paul likes surfing the Internet, and he is always searching the Web interesting sites. (用适当的词填空)
5.The survey shows that roughly three-quarters of the 86 tree species surveyed have shifted their population centers westward 1980. (用适当的词填空)
6.Scientists say that another 26.5 trillion pounds will be produced worldwide 2050. (用适当的词填空)
7.The sun had already sunk the horizon. (用适当的词填空)
8.The reporter asked several questions (concern) the future of the company. (所给词的适当形式填空)