秘籍04 动词的时态、语态、主谓一致
目录
时态、语态
【高考预测】 时态、语态题概率预测+题型预测+考向预测...................................................................................01
【思维导图】时态、语态题考点考向思维导图......................................................................................................02
【应试秘籍】时态、语态常考点及应对的策略......................................................................................................03
【误区点拨】时态、语态题点拨常见的易错点........................................................................................................03
【抢分通关】时态、语态题押题新高考方向,讲解通关策略(含新考法)......................................................07
主谓一致
【高考预测】主谓一致概率预测+题型预测+考向预测.........................................................................................10
【思维导图】主谓一致考点考向思维导图..............................................................................................................10
【应试秘籍】主谓一致常考点及应对的策略..........................................................................................................11
【误区点拨】主谓一致点拨常见的易错点...............................................................................................................11
【抢分通关】主谓一致押题新高考方向,讲解通关策略(含新考法)...............................................................13
一 时态、语态
概率预测 ☆☆☆☆☆
题型预测 语法填空题、阅读理解句意、写作动词时态、语态、主谓一致输出
考向预测 ☆一般现在、☆一般过去式、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、☆现在完成时、现在完成进行时、将来完成时、过去将来时
近几年新高考英语语法填空对于谓语动词的考查主要有时态、语态和主谓一致三个方面。被动语态和主谓一致通常与时态结合考查。解题难点在于判断该填谓语动词还是非谓语形式。解题秘诀在于先找到句中的谓语动词,如果没有谓语动词,或虽然有谓语动词,但与设空处构成并列关系,则设空处为谓语。
确定谓语动词后,1. 根据句中线索,寻找时态标志词;
根据逻辑意思,确定主被动关系;
根据主谓一致确定正确的动词形式。
一般现在时 主动: do/does; am/is/are 被动:was/were done
时态标志词:often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, on Mondays等。
一般过去时 主动:did; was/were 被动:was/were done
时态标志词:ago, yesterday, last week/month, in 1999, just now, the other day, previous, then等。
现在进行时 主动:am/is/are doing 被动:am/is/are being done
时态标志词:now, look, listen, at this time, these days, at the moment等。
过去进行时 主动:was/were dong 被动:was/were being done
时态标志词:at that time, at this time yesterday等。
一般将来时 主动:will/shall do; be going to do 被动:will be done
时态标志词:tomorrow, next Sunday, in a few days, soon等。
过去将来时 主动:would do; was/were going to do 被动:would be done; was/were going to be done
时态标志词:the next day, the following month等。
现在完成时 主动:have/has done 被动:have/has been done
时态标志词: already, yet, just, ever, never, before, recently, lately, for+时间段, since, so far, up to now等。
过去完成时: 主动:had done 被动:had been done
时态标志词:by/before+过去时间状语,said/asked/thought等后的宾语从句中。
现在完成进行时:主动:have/has been doing
将来进行时: 主动:will/shall be doing
易错点一:一般过去时和现在完成时错用
秘籍:确定谓语动词,牢记并寻找时态标志词,最后注意语境意思连贯。
具体规则如下:
第一步: 分析句子成分,找到句中的谓语动词。
第二步: 寻找句中可以确定时态的时态标志词。如果遇到长句,注意寻找句中开头和结尾部分。如果句中没有明显的时间标志词,根据句意及上下句中的动词时态进行判断。
第三步: 结合句意,注意动词的变化形式,填写正确答案。
易错提醒:现在完成时in the past +时间名词容易在结尾部分出现,另外,一般过去时的提示词如previous, then等隐蔽性较强,需仔细甄别。
(2024·广东湛江·阶段练习)When she waited at the airport, she (spot) her friend in the crowd.
破解:第一步确定设空处为谓语动词。第二步寻找时态提示词。从句中waited提供线索。结合句意:当她在机场等候时,她在人群中发现她的朋友。根据句意和waited可知,事情发生在过去,故句子用一般过去时,且主语she和spot为主动关系,故此处使用spot“注意到,发现”的过去式spotted。故第三步填spotted。
变式1:(2023高三·湖南长沙·模拟考试)Recent years (see) environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.
破解:第一步确定设空处为谓语。第二步寻找时态提示词recent years。句意:近年来发生了大规模的环境灾难,专家们预测情况还会更糟。由Recent years可知是过去某一时间到现在一直持续发生的事,应用现在完成时;本处是时间Recent years做主语,应用复数形式;主语与谓语之间是主动关系。第三步故填have seen。
变式2:(22-23高三·江苏南通·开学考试)For example, research into the brilliant blue wings of a species of butterfly (lead) to innovative technologies since scientist uncovered the secret behind their bright colour.
破解:句意:例如,自从科学家发现蝴蝶明亮的颜色背后的秘密以来,对一种蝴蝶明亮的蓝色翅膀的研究已经带来了创新技术。根据句中时间状语“since scientist uncovered the secret behind their bright colour”可知,此处应用现在完成时态,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。主语中心词为“research”,故谓语动词也应用单数形式。故填has led。
易错点二:一般过去式和过去完成时错用
秘籍:确定谓语动词,牢记并寻找时态标志词,最后注意语境意思连贯。
具体规则如下:
第一步: 分析句子成分,确定句中的谓语动词。
第二步: 寻找句中可以确定时态的时态标志词。如果遇到长句,注意寻找句中开头和结尾部分。如果句中没有明显的时间标志词,根据句意及上下句中的动词时态进行判断。牢记口诀,过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。
第三步: 结合句意,注意动词的变化形式,填写正确答案。
Many people didn’t have any preparation in their minds when the hurricane (strike) the city.
破解:第一步确定谓语动词为设空处。第二步寻找时态提示词。根据主句时态和从句逻辑关系可知句意:当飓风袭击这座城市时,许多人心里没有任何准备。使用一般过去时态,故答案为struck。
变式1:(2024高三上·浙江·专题练习)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子).
破解:考查动词时态。句意:这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院,通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合上下文时态可知,空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
变式2:By the end of last year, another new gymnasium (build) in Beijing.
破解:句意:到去年年底,北京又建成了一座新体育馆。句子主语another new gymnasium和谓语动词build之间是被动关系,再根据时间状语By the end of last year“到去年年底”,可知句子用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been built。
易错点三:现在完成时与过去完成时错用
秘籍:确定谓语动词,牢记并寻找时态标志词,最后注意语境意思连贯。
具体规则如下:
第一步: 分析句子成分,找到句中的谓语动词。
第二步: 寻找句中可以确定时态的时态标志词。如果遇到长句,注意寻找句中开头和结尾部分。如果句中没有明显的时间标志词,根据句意及上下句中的动词时态进行判断。
第三步: 结合句意,注意动词的变化形式,填写正确答案。
The thief (trap) in the river for five hours, so he looked pale and exhausted.
破解:根据句子结构,so为并列连词,逗号前为简单句,故缺谓语动词,动词trap与主语The thief之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态,根据时间状语for five hours,及后半句he looked pale and exhausted,可知:后半句的动作发生在过去,前半句的动作发生在后半句动作之前,且造成了影响,应用过去完成时态。故填had been trapped。
变式1:In the last decade, the project (expand) its welfare to support 12000 poor students.
破解:句意:在过去的十年里,该项目扩大了其福利,支持了12000名贫困学生。由“In the last decade”可知,句子时态用现在完成时,主语the project是单数,因此空格处用has expanded,故填has expanded。
变式2:The river (pollute) by waste products from the factory since it was built.
破解:根据时间状语从句since it was built可知,pollute“污染”这一动作开始于过去,持续到现在,句子应用现在完成时,主语The river与pollute之间为被动关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态。又因主语The river是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has。故填has been polluted。句意:自从工厂建成以来,这条河就被工厂的废物污染了。
易错点四:固定句型中的时态
秘籍:确定谓语动词,牢记并寻找时态标志词。若无时态标志词,关注固定句型中的特殊用法。
This is the first time I (draft) a letter for him. (所给词的适当形式填空)
破解:句意:这是我第一次为他起草一封信。本句符合“that/this/it is+序数词+(that)+现在完成时”的固定句型,从句应使用现在完成时,draft是动词,意思是“起草”,主语是I,助动词用have。故填have drafted。
变式1:It (intend) that production will start at the end of the month.
破解:句意:预计生产将于本月底开始。分析句子结构,It is intended that为固定句型,用于表达意图或计划,尽管在语法形式上类似于被动语态,但在意义上,它并不是真正的被动结构,其含义为“其目的是……”,因句子表示的是一个客观情况,谓语动词使用一般现在时,故填is intended。
变式2:I was lucky because that was the second time that I (visit) Russia.
破解:根据固定句型“It was the+序数词+…time that sb. had done”可知,这里要使用过去完成时态,故填had visited。句意:我很幸运因为那是我第二次拜访俄罗斯了。
变式2:I would rather you (tell) him the truth yesterday.
破解:考查时态和虚拟语气。句意:我宁愿你昨天就告诉他真相。分析可知,“would rather sb. did/had done ”为虚拟语气结构。由yesterday判断与过去事实相反,因此动词应用had done结构。故填had told。
【押题新高考题型一】时态、语态的综合运用
1.(2024高三·江苏扬州·模拟测试)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【答案】means
【详解】第一步先确定设空处mean为谓语动词。句意:这座城市的显著发展,在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界,意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现,我可以在接下来的50年里拍摄北京。根据there is可知为一般现在时,主语为The remarkable development of this city,谓语用三单形式。故填means。
2.Hoping he would not be seen, Bob rushed in, (pick) up his book and rushed out immediately.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】picked
【详解】考查时态。句意:鲍勃希望别人不会看见他,他冲了进来,拿起他的书立即冲了出去。表示一系列的动作,尽管有先后,最后两个动词之间用and连接,但都用一般过去时。根据句意,故填picked。
3.No sooner had I reached the finishing line than the audience (begin) to cheer.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】began
【详解】考查动词。句意:我刚跑到终点线,观众就开始欢呼起来。分析句子,设空处使用动词作谓语,此处表示动作发生在过去,故使用动词过去式。begin意为“开始”,过去式为began。故填began。
4.Martin has been working really hard on the presentation since Monday and he believes that he (finish) it by Friday.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will have finished
【详解】考查时态。句意:马丁从星期一开始就非常努力地做报告,他相信他能在星期五之前完成。由句意可知,“by Friday”是将来的时间词,完成报告会在将来的周五前完成,所以用将来完成时,即will have finished。故填will have finished。
5.We (complete) the task by the time you arrive at the airport tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will have completed
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:到你明天到达机场时,我们将完成任务。分析句子可知,设空处是句子的谓语部分,和主语是主动关系,根据后文的时间状语by the time you arrive at the airport tomorrow,可知应使用将来完成式。故填will have completed。
6.If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will have lost
【详解】考查时态。句意:如果这一趋势继续下去,到2020年,世界将失去三分之二的脊椎动物的生物多样性。分析可知,设空处为谓语,根据时间状语by 2020,可知表示对将来造成的影响,所以用将来完成时,故填will have lost。
7.Citizens of higher social classes (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were permitted
【详解】考查动词的被动语态。句意:高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作谓语,和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系,因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
8.In the experiment, the-researchers first /measured how many tears (produce) by dogs when they were just spending time at home with their owners.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were produced
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:在实验中,研究人员首先测量了狗狗在家里和主人在一起的时候会流出多少眼泪。根据“they were”可知,主句为一般过去时,主语tears与谓语produce为被动关系。故填were produced。
9.(2024高三·北京·专题练习)WED (create) in 1972 by the United Nations General Assembly. The environment wasn’t such a big issue back then. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was created
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:世界环境日由联合国大会于1972年创立。根据时间状语in 1972可知,用一般过去时。主语WED是单数,与create之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was created。
10.The entire Brazilian people (unite) by their love of football. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are united
【详解】考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意:整个巴西人民因热爱足球而团结在一起。结合语境可知本句陈述事实,故时态用一般现在时,分析句子可知,空处前的The entire Brazilian people为句子的主语,与动词unite“使联合”为被动关系,句子用一般现在时的被动语态,且主语为复数,be动词用are。故填are united。
11.Look! The children (take) good care of by their aunt. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are being taken
【详解】考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:看!孩子们正被他们的阿姨好好照顾着。动词短语(take) good care of是句中谓语,与主语The children之间为被动关系,结合句意和句中“Look!”可知,描述说话时正在发生的事情,用现在进行时态,主语是复数名词,系动词用复数形式。故填are being taken。
12.We’ll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting (hold) as scheduled. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will be held
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。分析句子结构可知,whether引导同位语从句,空处作从句的谓语。由句意可知用一般将来时态,且从句主语the sports meeting与hold之间为被动关系,故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be held。
13.Doing sports in my spare time (strong) my body and makes me stronger. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】strengthens
【详解】考查动词及主谓一致。句意:利用空闲时间做运动会加强我的身体素质,让我更强壮。分析句子可知,空格处应填写动词strengthen,与and后的动词短语makes me stronger并列作谓语,应用一般现在时,主语为动名词短语doing sports in my spare time,谓语动词应使用单三形式。故填strengthens。
二 主谓一致
概率预测 ☆☆☆☆☆
题型预测 语法填空题、阅读理解句意、写作语态输出
考向预测 语法一致、意义一致、就近原则
对主谓一致解题时务必找到主语的中心词,根据主语的特征来确定谓语动词的形式。掌握以下常考点,遵循主谓一致原则解题。
动名词、不定式、从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数。
all作主语指人时,用复数谓语;指事物时,用单数谓语。
表示时间、距离、长度、金额、重量等名词作主语,谓语用单数。
以-s结尾的书名、国名、机构等作主语,谓语动词用单数。
以-s结尾的山川、河流、群岛、瀑布等自然事物作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
单复数同形的名词如means, series, species, deer, sheep等作主语,谓语动词根据所表达的单复数概念定。
下列词连接的并列主语,用就近一致的原则or, nor, not...but..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not...but also等。
下列词后面加名词时,谓语采用就远原则with, along with, together with, as well as, like, rather than, as much, as, but, except, followed by, rather than。
and连接并列主语,表示不同的人或物,用复数谓语;表示同一个人或物,用单数形式。
every/each/no+名词+every/each/no+名词表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式。
There be结构中,主语不止一个时,谓语动词通常和最近的名词保持一致。
倒装结构中,谓语动词和后面的主语保持一致。
定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致。
a number of+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;the number of+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
a quantity of后面可以跟不可数名词或可数名词复数,谓语动词的数与后面的名词保持一致。quantities of后面跟不可数名词或可数名词复数作主语,谓语动词的数与quantities的数保持一致用复数。
易错点一:就近原则
秘籍:观察设空前后词,先判断设空处是否为形容词。牢记形容词变副词的变化规则和特殊变化形式。
具体规则如下:
具体规则如下:
第一步: 找到句中的谓语动词。观察主语中心词,寻找句中是否有可行的主谓一致原则。
第二步: 根据时态、语态解题原则综合运用。
第三步: 合理得出答案。
Either the manager or his assistants (be) to attend the meeting.
破解:考查主谓一致。句意:不是经理就是他的助手出席会议。“either...or...”连接两个并列的名词作主语,谓语动词应遵循就近原则。根据空格前的“his assistants”可知,系动词应用are。故填are。
变式1:Not only the students but also the teacher (be) against the plan at that time.
破解:考查时态及主谓一致。句意:当时不仅学生而且老师都反对这项计划。在 Not only… but also… 连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”,由此可知,teacher为单数名词,be动词应使用单数形式;时间状语为at that time,应使用一般过去时。故填was。
变式2:Neither I nor he (be) to blame.
破解:考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意:我和他都不应该受到责备。句子陈述目前事实,应用一般现在时,neither...nor...“既不……也不……”连接并列主语时,主谓一致遵循“就近原则”,即与he保持一致,be动词使用is。故填is。
变式3:Around Christmas time there (be) only one hour of daylight in Sweden. (所给词的适当形式填空)
破解:讲述客观事实用一般现在时,there be句型中,be动词与后面的主语保持人称和数的一致,only one hour of daylight是单数,谓语动词用单数,故填is。句意:大约在圣诞节前后,在瑞典只有一个小时的白天。
易错点二 语法一致、意义一致用法(时态、语态、主谓一致综合运用)
It is you rather than he who (be) responsible for the children’s safety.
破解:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:对孩子们的安全负责的是你而不是他。分析句子可知,句子是强调句型,强调主语you rather than he,空处在who引导的从句中作谓语,且rather than连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与rather than前面的主语,即you保持一致,由is和句意可知,句子描述一般性事实,应用一般现在时,故填are。
变式1:Tom, along with his parents, (be) going to pay a visit to China next month.
破解:根据时间状语next month可知,用一般将来时。along with连接前后两个主语时,谓语动词应和前面的那个主语保持一致。根据句意,故填is。句意:汤姆和他的父母打算下个月去中国访问。
变式2:Walking to work, taking part in an online exercise program or meeting with friends for a walk also (work) to easily get more physical activity.
破解:句子描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时;主语由or连接时,谓语动词根据后者决定,meeting with friends for a walk是动名词短语,视为单数。故填works。句意:走路去上班、参加一个在线锻炼项目或和朋友一起散步也能很容易地获得更多的体育活动。
【押题新高考题型一】三大原则
1.When it comes to this question, not only you but also she (turn) out to be wrong. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】turns
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:说到这个问题,不仅你错了,她也错了。由从句中的动词comes可知,主句谓语动词应为一般现在时。分析从句结构可知,该句为not only…but also…句型,谓语动词需要就近原则,即谓语和最近的主语保持人称和数的一致,所以she为最近的主语,对应的谓语动词为三单形式。故填turns。
2.Many a person (do ) it safely, or on special indoor walls. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】does
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:很多人或是在特殊的室内墙壁上都能安全地完成它。陈述客观事实用一般现在时,且“many a +可数名词单数”作主语时,在意义上都是复数,但谓语动词要用单数形式,这是由与其邻近的单数名词所决定的。此处应用does。故填does。
3.Here (be) a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:这是给你的一支钢笔,几支铅笔和一些纸。here be/There be…后面有多个主语时,遵循“就近一致”原则,即与pen保持一致,用单数,为一般现在时。故填is。
4. (be) either he or you to host the Talent Show in our school this year (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Is
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:今年是他还是你来主持我们学校的才艺表演 either…or…表示“是……还是……”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则,本句是一般疑问句,因此谓语的一部分移到句首,距离谓语最近主语是he,是单数意义,由this year可知,句子时态用一般现在时,因此空格处是is,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Is。
5.There no cattle, no people, no human footprints at all. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】are
【详解】考查there be句型和主谓一致。句意:那里没有牛,没有人,根本没有人的脚印。根据there be句型的就近原则和后文cattle为集合名词可知,此处谓语动词需使用be动词的复数形式,陈述现在的事实,用一般现在时。故填are。
6.One half of the world’s population (be)Asians. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:世界人口的一半是亚洲人。“one half of+n”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词,此句中population为集体名词,表示整体的含义,为单数,本句在陈述事实,为一般现在时。故填is。
7.Although horses, sheep and pigs sometimes are affected by this disease, cattle (be) the most frequent animal victims. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:尽管马、羊和猪有时会受到这种疾病的影响,但牛是最常见的动物受害者。结合从句谓语are affected用一般现在时的被动语态可知,主句系动词be也用一般现在时,主语cattle复数意义,谓语复数形式。故填are。
8.Good amounts of sleep every night (be) also important for your health. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意:每晚充足的睡眠对你的健康也很重要。分析句子结构和意思可知,当名词前有 amounts of修饰时,谓语动词的数与 amounts保持一致,用复数形式,这句话描述的是道理,谓语用一般现在时,be动词用are。故填are。
9.This glass works (be) set up in the 1960s. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:这家玻璃厂建于20世纪60年代。分析句子可知,主语The glass works与谓语动词set up是被动关系,用被动语态,主语works此处表示“工厂”单复数形式同形,根据句意,此处表示单数,谓语动词用单数,由时间状语in 1960s可知,用一般过去时,故填was。
10.A poet and artist (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:一位诗人兼艺术家明天下午要给我们讲中国文学和绘画。由“this afternoon”及coming可知,句子用现在进行时表将来,A poet and artist表示“一位作家兼诗人”作主语,指一个人,谓语用单数,即is,故填is。
11.About two thirds of the population of that country (live) on farms. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】live
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:那个国家大约三分之二的人口生活在农场上。陈述客观事实用一般现在时,且“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词形式要以of后面的名词而定。故谓语用原形。故填live。
12.The old (be) respected in our country. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are
【详解】考查动词。句意:老年人在我们国家受人尊敬。句中“the+形容词 / 过去分词”表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数。句子表述客观事实,故使用一般现在时。故be动词用are。故填are。
13.A survey shows that 80 of the middle-aged in this city (be) in favour of the proposal on health care reform. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are
【详解】考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意:一项调查显示这个城市的中年人中有80人赞成医疗改革的建议。当“分数/百分数+of+名词”结构作主语时,谓语动词的数应该与of后面的名词保持一致。the middle-aged是“the+形容词”结构,指一类人,谓语动词用复数。根据上文shows可知为一般现在时。故填are。
14.Quantities of soil (wash) away every year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are washed
【详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意:每年有大量的土壤被冲走。根据every year可知本句是一般现在时,由于washed与主语Quantities of soil是被动关系,因此要用一般现在时的被动语态,又因“(large) quantities of +名词”作主语时,谓语要用复数。故填are washed。
15.As you can see, the number of cars on our roads (keep) rising these days. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】keeps
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:正如你所看到的,我们道路上的汽车数量如今一直在增加。短语the number of…表示“……的数量”,谓语用单数,结合语境应用一般现在时,故填keeps。
16.Thanks to great advances in fundamental research, a series of genetic therapies has arrived, or (arrive), in clinics to treat blood cancer and other fatal diseases. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is arriving
【详解】考查时态。句意:由于基础研究的巨大进展,一系列的基因疗法已经或即将被临床用于治疗血癌和其他致命疾病。设空处为谓语,根据上文的has arrived,此处应是表示将来要发生的动作,位移动词arrive用现在进行时表将来,主语是a series of genetic therapies,a series of 后可加复数名词,不管名词类别为何,动词通常用单数,故填is arriving。
17.My head teacher as well as teachers of other subjects (be) patient with us. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is/was
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:我的班主任和其他学科的老师们都对我们很有耐心。句中没有明确的时间状语,用一般现在时或一般过去时即可,as well as连接并列名词作主语时,谓语动词的数应与as well as前的名词的数一致,my head teacher是单数,be动词应用is或was。故填is/was。
18.What we need (be) enough water, but what they need (be) houses. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 is are
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:我们需要的是足够的水,但他们需要的是房子。what引导主语从句,其谓语动词be应和后面名词单复数保持一致,空1后为不可数名词water,故谓语动词用第三人称单数,空2后为复数名词houses,故谓语动词用复数;本句描述现在事实,用一般现在时。故填①is②are。
19.Large amounts of money (be) spent on the bridge last year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:去年,大笔的钱被花在这座桥上。根据时间状语last year可知,动作发生在过去,句子应用一般过去时,Large amounts of表示“许多”,后接名词作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式,所以be动词应用were。故填were。
20.Lead researcher Professor Hadany said, “Each plant and each type of stress (link) to a special sound.” (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is linked
【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意:首席研究员哈达尼教授说:“每种植物和每种压力都与一种特殊的声音有关。”each...and each...作主语,谓语应用单数形式。此处描述客观事实,所以应用一般现在时。be linked to意为“和……有关”,为被动语态。故填is linked。
【押题新高考题型一】时态、语态、主谓一致用法(综合考查)
1.The family as well as their dog (trap) on the roof by the flood yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were trapped
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:昨天这家人还有他们的狗被洪水困在屋顶。主语The family和动词trap之间是被动关系,且由yesterday可知,此处用一般过去时的被动语态,主语由as well as连接,谓语动词的数和as well as之前的主语保持一致,The family在句中指“一家人”,表示复数意义,be动词用were。故填were trapped。
2.The American superstar (spot) with a young physically-challenged Qatari boy, Al Muftah. The boy was born with a rare condition known as CRS. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was spotted
【详解】考查动词语态。句意:这这位美国巨星被拍到与一名年轻的卡塔尔残疾男孩Al Muftah在一起。这名男孩出生时患有一种罕见的CRS。分析句子可知,spot作谓语,与主语superstar是被动关系,且主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时,故填was spotted。
3.Up to now, China (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has established
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语是China,助动词应用has,故填has established。
4.This device, however (use) a thermoelectric generator, which creates energy from differences in temperature.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】uses
【详解】考查时态。句意:然而,这一设备使用了一个热电发电机,利用温差产生能量。此处this device作主语,为单数,与谓语动词use之间为主动关系,且根据后文的creates可知,此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时,故填uses。
35.Wang was born and grew up in America, but she (build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has built
【详解】考查时态。句意:王女士出生并长在美国,但是从她是个小女孩的时候,她就和中国文化产生了牢固的联系。此处主语为she,build为谓语动词,主语she与build之间为主动关系,且根据后文的时间状语从句since she was a little girl可知,此处应用现在完成时,故填has built。
6.A white telephone booth (电话亭), known as the Phone of the Wind, (sit) in a garden on top of a hill. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】sits
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:一座白色的电话亭,被称为“风的电话”,坐落在山顶的花园里。根据文章时态可知,用一般现在时。主语为A white telephone booth,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填sits。
7.Gas naturally (have) no recognisable smell. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语,本句话是在陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时态,且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称,为不可数名词,所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
8.The river (pollute) by waste products from the factory since it was built. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has been polluted
【详解】考查动词语态、主谓一致。句意:自从工厂建成以来,这条河就被工厂的废物污染了。根据时间状语从句since it was built可知,pollute“污染”这一动作开始于过去,持续到现在,句子应用现在完成时,主语The river与pollute之间为被动关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态。又因主语The river是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has。故填has been polluted。
9.You can charge them at maximum rate and the rest of the energy (go) out as heat. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】goes
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:你可以用最高功率给它们充电,剩余的能量将以热量的形式跑出来。描述事实用一般现在时,主语是不可数名词,谓语用单数。故填goes。
10.The administrators said that the students (allow) to enter the museum freely. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were allowed
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:管理人员说学生们可以自由进入博物馆。分析句子可知,空处作宾语从句的谓语,结合“said”可知,此处的行为发生在过去,时态应用一般过去时,allow“允许”和主语the students之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语是复数名词,be动词应用were。故填were allowed。
11.As the demand for products rises, so their prices. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】do
【详解】考查倒装句。句意:随着对产品的需求的增加,他们的价格也在上涨。当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者,通常就要用“so+助动词+主语”这种部分倒装结构,翻译为……也……,根据上文的rises可知,应用一般现在时;根据后半句的主语their prices可知,应用助动词do。故填do。
12.The scientific literature evaluating these techniques (stretch) back decades and across thousands of articles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】stretches
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:评估这些技术的科学文献可以追溯到几十年前,有数千篇文章。stretch back追溯到。陈述客观事实,用一般现在时。主语是The scientific literature,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填stretches。
13.Since then, a close friendship (grow) between us and she’s been almost like a sister to me. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has grown
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:从那以后,我们之间建立了亲密的友谊,她对我来说就像姐姐一样。grow是句中谓语动词,与主语a close friendship之间是主动关系,结合时间状语Since then可知,用现在完成时态,主语是不可数名词,助动词用has。故填has grown。秘籍04 动词的时态、语态、主谓一致
目录
时态、语态
【高考预测】 时态、语态题概率预测+题型预测+考向预测...................................................................................01
【思维导图】时态、语态题考点考向思维导图......................................................................................................02
【应试秘籍】时态、语态常考点及应对的策略......................................................................................................03
【误区点拨】时态、语态题点拨常见的易错点........................................................................................................03
【抢分通关】时态、语态题押题新高考方向,讲解通关策略(含新考法)......................................................06
主谓一致
【高考预测】主谓一致概率预测+题型预测+考向预测.........................................................................................07
【思维导图】主谓一致考点考向思维导图..............................................................................................................07
【应试秘籍】主谓一致常考点及应对的策略..........................................................................................................08
【误区点拨】主谓一致点拨常见的易错点...............................................................................................................08
【抢分通关】主谓一致押题新高考方向,讲解通关策略(含新考法)...............................................................09
一 时态、语态
概率预测 ☆☆☆☆☆
题型预测 语法填空题、阅读理解句意、写作动词时态、语态、主谓一致输出
考向预测 ☆一般现在、☆一般过去式、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、☆现在完成时、现在完成进行时、将来完成时、过去将来时
近几年新高考英语语法填空对于谓语动词的考查主要有时态、语态和主谓一致三个方面。被动语态和主谓一致通常与时态结合考查。解题难点在于判断该填谓语动词还是非谓语形式。解题秘诀在于先找到句中的谓语动词,如果没有谓语动词,或虽然有谓语动词,但与设空处构成并列关系,则设空处为谓语。
确定谓语动词后,1. 根据句中线索,寻找时态标志词;
根据逻辑意思,确定主被动关系;
根据主谓一致确定正确的动词形式。
一般现在时 主动: do/does; am/is/are 被动:was/were done
时态标志词:often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, on Mondays等。
一般过去时 主动:did; was/were 被动:was/were done
时态标志词:ago, yesterday, last week/month, in 1999, just now, the other day, previous, then等。
现在进行时 主动:am/is/are doing 被动:am/is/are being done
时态标志词:now, look, listen, at this time, these days, at the moment等。
过去进行时 主动:was/were dong 被动:was/were being done
时态标志词:at that time, at this time yesterday等。
一般将来时 主动:will/shall do; be going to do 被动:will be done
时态标志词:tomorrow, next Sunday, in a few days, soon等。
过去将来时 主动:would do; was/were going to do 被动:would be done; was/were going to be done
时态标志词:the next day, the following month等。
现在完成时 主动:have/has done 被动:have/has been done
时态标志词: already, yet, just, ever, never, before, recently, lately, for+时间段, since, so far, up to now等。
过去完成时: 主动:had done 被动:had been done
时态标志词:by/before+过去时间状语,said/asked/thought等后的宾语从句中。
现在完成进行时:主动:have/has been doing
将来进行时: 主动:will/shall be doing
易错点一:一般过去时和现在完成时错用
秘籍:确定谓语动词,牢记并寻找时态标志词,最后注意语境意思连贯。
具体规则如下:
第一步: 分析句子成分,找到句中的谓语动词。
第二步: 寻找句中可以确定时态的时态标志词。如果遇到长句,注意寻找句中开头和结尾部分。如果句中没有明显的时间标志词,根据句意及上下句中的动词时态进行判断。
第三步: 结合句意,注意动词的变化形式,填写正确答案。
易错提醒:现在完成时in the past +时间名词容易在结尾部分出现,另外,一般过去时的提示词如previous, then等隐蔽性较强,需仔细甄别。
(2024·广东湛江·阶段练习)When she waited at the airport, she (spot) her friend in the crowd.
变式1:(2023高三·湖南长沙·模拟考试)Recent years (see) environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.
变式2:(22-23高三·江苏南通·开学考试)For example, research into the brilliant blue wings of a species of butterfly (lead) to innovative technologies since scientist uncovered the secret behind their bright colour.
易错点二:一般过去式和过去完成时错用
秘籍:确定谓语动词,牢记并寻找时态标志词,最后注意语境意思连贯。
具体规则如下:
第一步: 分析句子成分,确定句中的谓语动词。
第二步: 寻找句中可以确定时态的时态标志词。如果遇到长句,注意寻找句中开头和结尾部分。如果句中没有明显的时间标志词,根据句意及上下句中的动词时态进行判断。牢记口诀,过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。
第三步: 结合句意,注意动词的变化形式,填写正确答案。
Many people didn’t have any preparation in their minds when the hurricane (strike) the city.
变式1:(2024高三上·浙江·专题练习)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子).
变式2:By the end of last year, another new gymnasium (build) in Beijing.
易错点三:现在完成时与过去完成时错用
秘籍:确定谓语动词,牢记并寻找时态标志词,最后注意语境意思连贯。
具体规则如下:
第一步: 分析句子成分,找到句中的谓语动词。
第二步: 寻找句中可以确定时态的时态标志词。如果遇到长句,注意寻找句中开头和结尾部分。如果句中没有明显的时间标志词,根据句意及上下句中的动词时态进行判断。
第三步: 结合句意,注意动词的变化形式,填写正确答案。
The thief (trap) in the river for five hours, so he looked pale and exhausted.
变式1:In the last decade, the project (expand) its welfare to support 12000 poor students.
变式2:The river (pollute) by waste products from the factory since it was built.
易错点四:固定句型中的时态
秘籍:确定谓语动词,牢记并寻找时态标志词。若无时态标志词,关注固定句型中的特殊用法。
This is the first time I (draft) a letter for him.
变式1:It (intend) that production will start at the end of the month.
变式2:I was lucky because that was the second time that I (visit) Russia.
变式2:I would rather you (tell) him the truth yesterday.
【押题新高考题型一】时态、语态的综合运用
1.(2024高三·江苏扬州·模拟测试)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
2.Hoping he would not be seen, Bob rushed in, (pick) up his book and rushed out immediately.(所给词的适当形式填空)
3.No sooner had I reached the finishing line than the audience (begin) to cheer.(所给词的适当形式填空)
4.Martin has been working really hard on the presentation since Monday and he believes that he (finish) it by Friday.(所给词的适当形式填空)
5.We (complete) the task by the time you arrive at the airport tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6.If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.Citizens of higher social classes (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8.In the experiment, the-researchers first /measured how many tears (produce) by dogs when they were just spending time at home with their owners.(所给词的适当形式填空)
9.(2024高三·北京·专题练习)WED (create) in 1972 by the United Nations General Assembly. The environment wasn’t such a big issue back then. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10.The entire Brazilian people (unite) by their love of football. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11.Look! The children (take) good care of by their aunt. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12.We’ll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting (hold) as scheduled. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
13.Doing sports in my spare time (strong) my body and makes me stronger. (所给词的适当形式填空)
二 主谓一致
概率预测 ☆☆☆☆☆
题型预测 语法填空题、阅读理解句意、写作语态输出
考向预测 语法一致、意义一致、就近原则
对主谓一致解题时务必找到主语的中心词,根据主语的特征来确定谓语动词的形式。掌握以下常考点,遵循主谓一致原则解题。
动名词、不定式、从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数。
all作主语指人时,用复数谓语;指事物时,用单数谓语。
表示时间、距离、长度、金额、重量等名词作主语,谓语用单数。
以-s结尾的书名、国名、机构等作主语,谓语动词用单数。
以-s结尾的山川、河流、群岛、瀑布等自然事物作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
单复数同形的名词如means, series, species, deer, sheep等作主语,谓语动词根据所表达的单复数概念定。
下列词连接的并列主语,用就近一致的原则or, nor, not...but..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not...but also等。
下列词后面加名词时,谓语采用就远原则with, along with, together with, as well as, like, rather than, as much, as, but, except, followed by, rather than。
and连接并列主语,表示不同的人或物,用复数谓语;表示同一个人或物,用单数形式。
every/each/no+名词+every/each/no+名词表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式。
There be结构中,主语不止一个时,谓语动词通常和最近的名词保持一致。
倒装结构中,谓语动词和后面的主语保持一致。
定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致。
a number of+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;the number of+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
a quantity of后面可以跟不可数名词或可数名词复数,谓语动词的数与后面的名词保持一致。quantities of后面跟不可数名词或可数名词复数作主语,谓语动词的数与quantities的数保持一致用复数。
易错点一:就近原则
秘籍:观察设空前后词,先判断设空处是否为形容词。牢记形容词变副词的变化规则和特殊变化形式。
具体规则如下:
具体规则如下:
第一步: 找到句中的谓语动词。观察主语中心词,寻找句中是否有可行的主谓一致原则。
第二步: 根据时态、语态解题原则综合运用。
第三步: 合理得出答案。
Either the manager or his assistants (be) to attend the meeting.
变式1:Not only the students but also the teacher (be) against the plan at that time.
变式2:Neither I nor he (be) to blame.
变式3:Around Christmas time there (be) only one hour of daylight in Sweden. (所给词的适当形式填空)
易错点二 语法一致、意义一致用法(时态、语态、主谓一致综合运用)
It is you rather than he who (be) responsible for the children’s safety.
变式1:Tom, along with his parents, (be) going to pay a visit to China next month.
变式2:Walking to work, taking part in an online exercise program or meeting with friends for a walk also (work) to easily get more physical activity.
【押题新高考题型一】三大原则
1.When it comes to this question, not only you but also she (turn) out to be wrong. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.Many a person (do ) it safely, or on special indoor walls. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.Here (be) a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4. (be) either he or you to host the Talent Show in our school this year (所给词的适当形式填空)
5.There no cattle, no people, no human footprints at all. (用适当的词填空)
6.One half of the world’s population (be)Asians. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.Although horses, sheep and pigs sometimes are affected by this disease, cattle (be) the most frequent animal victims. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8.Good amounts of sleep every night (be) also important for your health. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9.This glass works (be) set up in the 1960s. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10.A poet and artist (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11.About two thirds of the population of that country (live) on farms. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12.The old (be) respected in our country. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13.A survey shows that 80 of the middle-aged in this city (be) in favour of the proposal on health care reform. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14.Quantities of soil (wash) away every year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15.As you can see, the number of cars on our roads (keep) rising these days. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16.Thanks to great advances in fundamental research, a series of genetic therapies has arrived, or (arrive), in clinics to treat blood cancer and other fatal diseases. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17.My head teacher as well as teachers of other subjects (be) patient with us. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18.What we need (be) enough water, but what they need (be) houses. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19.Large amounts of money (be) spent on the bridge last year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20.Lead researcher Professor Hadany said, “Each plant and each type of stress (link) to a special sound.” (所给词的适当形式填空)
【押题新高考题型一】时态、语态、主谓一致用法(综合考查)
1.The family as well as their dog (trap) on the roof by the flood yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.The American superstar (spot) with a young physically-challenged Qatari boy, Al Muftah. The boy was born with a rare condition known as CRS. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.Up to now, China (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.(所给词的适当形式填空)
4.This device, however (use) a thermoelectric generator, which creates energy from differences in temperature.(所给词的适当形式填空)
35.Wang was born and grew up in America, but she (build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl.(所给词的适当形式填空)
6.A white telephone booth (电话亭), known as the Phone of the Wind, (sit) in a garden on top of a hill. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.Gas naturally (have) no recognisable smell. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8.The river (pollute) by waste products from the factory since it was built. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9.You can charge them at maximum rate and the rest of the energy (go) out as heat. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10.The administrators said that the students (allow) to enter the museum freely. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11.As the demand for products rises, so their prices. (用适当的词填空)
12.The scientific literature evaluating these techniques (stretch) back decades and across thousands of articles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13.Since then, a close friendship (grow) between us and she’s been almost like a sister to me. (所给词的适当形式填空)