非谓语动词之现在分词
目录
现在分词
【高考预测】现在分词概率预测+题型预测+考向预测....................................................................................01
【思维导图】现在分词考点考向思维导图.........................................................................................................01
【应试秘籍】现在分词常考点及应对的策略.....................................................................................................02
【误区点拨】现在分词点拨常见的易错点.........................................................................................................02
【抢分通关】现在分词题押题新高考方向,讲解通关策略(含新考法).....................................................07
概率预测 ☆☆☆☆☆
题型预测 语法填空题、阅读理解句意、写作高级句式输出
考向预测 现在分词作状语、作定语、作补语、作表语、用于省略句 ☆☆☆☆☆
现在分词和动名词都是动词加-ing, 但是功能却有所不同。
动名词就是名词,保留了一些动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意思。在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语,可以被副词修饰或者来支配宾语。
现在分词更侧重在动词的特征上。现在分词可以作宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
动名词作表语:说明主语的内容或动作的名词,表示抽象笼统的概念。此时主语和表语是可以互换位置。
现在分词作表语:表述主语的状态或特征,特别是表示情绪的词如distressing, annoying等。
一 现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语,相当于一个状语从句,在句中作条件、时间、原因、伴随、结果等状语,强调分词动作与句子主语之间的主动关系。现在分词作状语的解题秘籍:分词逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致,分词动作由主语发出。
易错点:doing与having done混用
秘籍:观察分词与谓语动词发生的时间先后关系。
构成区别:现在分词一般式-doing; 现在分词完成式having done。
具体规则如下:
1:现在分词一般式-doing表示与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。
2: 现在分词完成时having done表示动作在谓语动作之前发生。
易错提醒:只观察分词与句子主语的关系,忽略与谓语动作发生的时间先后。
(2024·河北石家庄·高三试题) (live) abroad for many years, the old man finally returned to his hometown.
破解:考查现在分词的完成式。动词live意为“居住”,和谓语之间没有连词,所以为非谓语的形式,和主语构成主动关系,且发生在谓语之前,所以应用现在分词的完成式。句首首字母应大写。故填Having lived。句意:在国外生活多年后,这位老人终于回到了家乡。
变式1:“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
破解:考查非谓语动词。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都与周围的环境和平相处,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
变式2: (think) about the idea for a long time, Sasaki finally built the booth.
破解:考查非谓语动词。句意:经过长时间的思考,佐佐木终于搭建了这个电话亭。逻辑主语Sasaki与think之间为主动关系,且动作发生在主句动作之前,所以用现在分词的完成式。故填Having thought。
变式3: (see) the photos of the coastal city, I have no desire to visit it; it’s crowded all year.
破解:考查非谓语动词。句意:看过这个海滨城市的照片,我不想去了;那里一年到头都很拥挤。句中谓语是have,空格处用非谓语动词,I和see之间是主谓关系,且see的动作发生在have之前,因此空格处用现在分词的完成式having seen,位于句首的单词首字母大写,故填Having seen。
二 现在分词作定语
现在分词作定语时,单个的分词通常作前置定语;分词短语修饰名词通常作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。现在分词作后置定语,表示一个(现在或将来)正在进行的动作,或表示某个经常性的动作或状态,此时,形容词的特点更强。
易错点:现在分词与过去分词混用
秘籍:1.现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
与感觉有关的及物动词,其现在分词与中心词构成逻辑上的主谓关系,表示“令人有某种感觉”。 过去分词含有被动意味,表示“人被引起某种感觉”。
She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world _________ (face) “too little water or too dirty water”.
破解:分析句子结构,句中谓语动词called,句中无连词,故face为非谓语动词。face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系,故用现在分词作后置定语,故填facing。句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。
变式1.A national public campaign should be launched to give animals a good (live) environment.
破解:考查现在分词。句意:应该发起一场全国性的公众运动,给动物一个良好的生活环境。living environment是固定用法,意为“生活环境”,因此空格处是living。故填living。
变式2:He wrote a book (document) his prison experiences. (所给词的适当形式填空)
破解:考查非谓语动词。句意:他写了一本书,记录了自己在狱中的经历。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词wrote,空处作非谓语动词,document与逻辑主语book之间是主动关系,空处应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填documenting。
三 现在分词作补语
现在分词作宾补时,表示动作正在进行,尚未完成,不是全过程。过去分词作宾补往往表示动作被动、完成,而不定式作宾语表示动作的完成,是全过程。牢记常跟宾补的动词:1.感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice。 2.使役动词have, get, make, let等。
易错点:with的复合结构中宾补错用
秘籍:“with+名词+现在分词”表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。省略介词with后构成“名词+现在分词”的独立主格结构。
With so many people (focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous.
破解:考查非谓语动词。句意:有那么多人盯着他看,他感到很紧张。分析句子,句中with sb doing sth构成with的复合结构,focus意为“专注”,people与其之间是主动关系,故使用现在分词作宾补。故填focusing。
变式1:China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries (recognise) its role in international affairs.
破解:考查with的复合结构。句意:随着更多的国家认可中国在国际事务中的作用,中国的形象正在稳步提高。分析句式结构可知,此处是with的复合结构即:with+宾语+宾补,空格处是宾补,由于recognise与宾语countries是主动关系,因此要用现在分词作宾补。故填recognising。
变式2:I can hardly imagine Peter (sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
破解:固定搭配imagine sb. doing sth.想象某人做某事,空处需填现在分词形式作宾语补足语。故填sailing。句意:我几乎不能想象Peter在五天内就横渡了大西洋。
变式3:The boy was caught (cheat) in the examination last week.
破解:catch sb. doing sth.意为“抓住某人正在做某事”,此处是被动语态,sb. be caught doing sth.意为“某人被抓住正在做某事”,所以应用现在分词作主语补足语。故填cheating。句意:这个男孩上周考试作弊被抓住了。
四 现在分词作表语
现在分词作表语,位于系动词之后,说明主语的身份、性质或情况,译为“令人......的”。一般修饰事物。过去分词作表语,表示“感到......的”,一般修饰人或表示人的表情。
注意:分词作表语有两种情况一种是-ing形式作表语,一种是-ed形式作表语。
-ing形式用来描述事物的特征,表示“令人...的”,-ed形式用来描述人的感受,表示“感到...的”。如
interesting 使人感兴趣的 interested感兴趣的
exciting令人激动的 excited感到激动的
disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的
puzzling令人费解的 puzzled感到费解的
surprising令人吃惊的 surprised感到吃惊的
frightening令人恐惧的 frightened感到恐惧的
He is really ________(amuse) and tells jokes when he thinks we’re getting bored.
破解:此处使用现在分词作表语,具有形容词的性质,说明主语的特征,“令人发笑的”。故填amusing。
变式1:The breeze was cool and _________(refresh).
破解:系动词was后需要跟表语。动词refresh使用其现在分词作形式表示“凉爽提神的”和形容词cool作并列表语。故填refreshing。
变式2:The reason he gave was not very ___________(convince).
破解:系动词后需使用表语。此处用现在分词表示主语的特点,意为“令人信服的”,含有主动意味。故填convincing。
四 现在分词用于省略句
现在分词用于省略句的考点有两个。
在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中,若从句中的主语和主句的主语一致,并且从句中含有be动词时,可以同时省略从句中的主语和be动词,则从句中只剩下分词形式。从句中表示主动关系时,省略后为“连词+现在分词”。
若从句中为it is时,也可省略。
We wear plimsolls when ________(do) physical exercises at school.
破解:谓语动词wear, when引导时间状语从句,从句中主语和主语一致,且含有be动词,可同时省略were are故填doing.
变式:They got engaged when _______(travel) in Europe.
破解:时间状语从句符合省略句原则,视为省略they were,故填travelling。
【押题新高考题型一】现在分词作状语
1.One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots, (give) us the “taste of home” and relieving feelings of homesickness. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】giving
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:一口安慰的食物带我们回到我们的文化根源,给我们“家的味道”,缓解乡愁。分析句子可知,give用非谓语动词形式作状语,与逻辑主语One mouthful of comfort food是主动关系,用现在分词作状语,故填giving。
2.Nels entered college at the age of eighteen, (graduate) four years later as the head of his class. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】graduating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:奈尔斯18岁进入大学,四年后以班级头名的成绩毕业。分析句子,句中entered为谓语动词,设空处使用非谓语动词,此处Nels与graduate之间是主动关系,故使用现在分词作状语。故填graduating。
3.The Internet is a technological wonder, (bring) about far-reaching changes in all aspects of our lives. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】bringing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:互联网是一个技术奇迹,给我们生活的方方面面带来了深远的变化。分析句子结构可知bring与逻辑主语Internet构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填bringing。
4. (wait) in the line for half an hour, he suddenly realized that he left his wallet at home. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Having waited
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:排了半个小时的队后,他突然意识到他把钱包忘在家里了。动词wait和逻辑主语he之间是主谓关系,且wait表示的动作发生在谓语动词realized之前,故用现在分词的完成式作状语,故填Having waited。
5. (embrace) her mother warmly, she felt tears welling up in her eyes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Embracing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她热情地拥抱着母亲,泪水涌上了她的眼眶。分析句子结构可知,已有谓语动词felt,空处需填非谓语动词作状语,she和embrace为逻辑主谓关系,需用现在分词形式,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Embracing。
6.She moved forward, (inch) towards the rope. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】inching
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她向前移动,慢慢地向绳子靠近。分析句子结构可知,已有谓语动词moved,空处需填非谓语动词作状语,she和inch为逻辑主谓关系,需用现在分词形式。故填inching。
7.“What did you do last weekend,” said my friend Jack, (wear) a sweet smile on his face. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】wearing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:“你上周末做了什么?”我的朋友杰克说,脸上挂着甜甜的笑容。本句谓语为said,此处为非谓语动词,且my friend Jack与wear“流露,面带”为主动关系,应用现在分词,作状语。故填wearing。
8. (struggle) with depression, eating disorders and alcohol abuse for years, he now understands how important being healthy is. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Having struggled
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:多年来,他一直与抑郁症、饮食失调和酗酒作斗争,现在他明白了健康的重要性。此处为非谓语,动词struggle和主语之间是主动关系,且发生在谓语动词understands之前,应用现在分词的完成式作状语。句首字母大写,故填Having struggled。
9. (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Having waited
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:排了半个小时的队后,老人突然意识到他把支票忘在车里了。动词wait和逻辑主语“the old man”之间是主动关系,且wait表示的动作发生在谓语动词“realized”之前,此处应用现在分词的完成式作状语,故填Having waited。
10.Try to start with an introduction (explain) what you want to do. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】explaining
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:试着从介绍开始,解释你想做什么。分析句子结构可知,已有谓语动词try,空处需填非谓语动词,主语you和explain为逻辑主谓关系,需用现在分词形式作状语。故填explaining。
11. (warn) by the teacher, the students didn’t make such mistakes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Having been warned
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于受到老师的警告,学生们不再犯这样的错误了。句中谓语是didn’t make,空格处用非谓语动词,由by可知,空格处用过去分词表被动,学生是先被警告然后才不犯错误,因此空格处用having been warned表示先于谓语动作发生的动作,位于句首的单词首字母大写。故填Having been warned。
【押题新高考题型二】现在分词作定语
1.They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】visiting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈,这些管理员经常来检查从中国借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知,主句谓语为talk,空处填非谓语动词,且Chinese zookeepers与visit“参观,访问”为主动关系,故此处用现在分词转化的形容词visiting“来访的,参观的”修饰名词Chinese zookeepers。故填visiting。
2.You may already know of UNESCO’s famous list of World Heritage Sites, (consist) of places selected for special protection because of their value to the world. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】consisting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:你可能已经知道联合国教科文组织著名的世界遗产名录,其中包括因其对世界的价值而被选中进行特别保护的地方。分析句子结构可知consist与逻辑主语World Heritage Sites为主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故填consisting。
3.Misunderstanding (arise) from the lack of communication, unless handled properly, may lead to serious problems. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】arising
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于缺乏沟通而产生的误解,如果处理不当,可能会导致严重的问题。分析句子结构可知arise与逻辑主语Misunderstanding构成主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故填arising。
4.The room (measure) five meters across is comfortable to live in. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】measuring
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这个房间宽五米,住起来很舒服。分析句子可知,空处作room的后置定语,是非谓语动词,measure“(某物的)长度为……”和room逻辑上是主动关系,且此处表示状态,因此应用measure的现在分词形式。故填measuring。
5.This is an exhausting and (drain) experience. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】draining
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这是一个让人筋疲力尽的经历。分析句子结构可知,此处位于名词之前,且与“exhausting”并列,因此需要填入形容词,此处修饰“事情”。所以用v-ing修饰,draining表示“使筋疲力尽的”。故填draining。
6.The study further strengthens the evidence (link) smoking with early death. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】linking
【详解】考查分词作定语。句意:这项研究进一步加强了将吸烟与早逝连接在一起的证据。分析句子结构可知,空格后面部分作名词evidence的后置定语,evidence与动词link之间存在主动关系,用现在分词,故填linking。
7.Richard was aware of the danger (await) him on his way back to England after the war. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】awaiting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:理查德在战后返回英国的路上意识到了等待着他的危险。分析句子可知,await“等待;即将发生于”作后置定语,修饰danger,二者之间是主动关系,用现在分词形式,故填awaiting。
8.They spared no effort to save the building (date) back to the Qing Dynasty. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】dating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他们不遗余力地抢救这座可以追溯到清朝的建筑。分析句子可知,设空处动词date充当定语修饰名词the building,二者之间是逻辑上的主动关系,应填现在分词。故填dating。
9.We have an announcement for all passengers (leave) for Wern Europe. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】leaving
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们有一则通知给所有前往Wern Europe的乘客。“(leave) for Wern Europe”作后置定语,leave for(前往)是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语passengers之间是主动关系,用现在分词表主动。故填leaving。
10.What stood out were the people (play)the two leading roles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】playing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:表现突出的是扮演两个主角的人。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作定语,使用非谓语动词,因与其逻辑主语people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,使用现在分词,play为动词,其现在分词为:playing,故填playing。
【押题新高考题型三】现在分词作补语
1.With the final exam (approach), all the students are busy going over their lessons. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】approaching
【详解】考查with复合结构。句意:随着期末考试的临近,所有的学生都在忙着复习功课。分析句子成分可知,此处是with复合结构,即with+宾语+宾语补足语,动词approach和宾语“the final exam”之间为主动关系,故用doing形式作宾语补足语。故填approaching。
2.When she looked around, she noticed a man (put) his hand into a passenger’s pocket. She rushed to stop it in time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】putting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当她环顾四周时,她注意到一个男人正把手伸进一位乘客的口袋里。她冲过去及时制止了它。分析句子,句中notice sb doing为固定短语,意为“看到某人做某事”,此处使用现在分词宾补结构。故填putting。
3.He volunteered to help control traffic, (donate) an hour of his time every week. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】donating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他自愿帮助控制交通,每周抽出一小时的时间。句中谓语是volunteered,前后无连词,空格处用非谓语动词,He和donate之间是主谓关系,空格处用现在分词表主动,作状语,故填donating。
4. (receive) the letter from her best friend, Lucy ran towards home excitedly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Having received
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:收到她最好的朋友的信后,露西兴奋地朝家跑去。分析句子可知,“(receive) the letter from her best friend”作时间状语,receive(收到)是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语Lucy之间是主动关系,且“收到”这一动作发生在谓语动词之前,应用现在分词的完成式表示主动和完成;句首单词首字母大写。故填Having received。
5.The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happily (watch) anything that happened to be on. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】watching
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:老人每天晚上都坐在电视机前,高兴地看电视上发生的一切。根据句意和所给动词watch分析句子可知,空格处只能填入watch的非谓语形式作状语,因为watch和句子的主语the old man之间是主动关系,所以应该用现在分词watching作状语。故填watching。
6. (concentrate) deeply on his work, the engineer ignored what was happening out in the streets. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Concentrating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这位工程师全神贯注地工作,没有理会街上发生的事情。concentrate与逻辑主语the engineer构成主动关系,故用现在分词作原因状语,单词位于句首,首字母大写。故填Concentrating。
7.I found Janet (sit) on a bench in the backyard alone, watching the bright moon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】sitting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我发现珍妮特一个人坐在后院的长椅上,看着明亮的月亮。find sb doing sth是固定句型,现在分词作宾语补足语,和宾语之间是主动进行的关系。故填sitting。
8.A global concert (feature) many international musicians was held on April 18 in support of health workers. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】featuring
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:以很多国际音乐家为特色的全球音乐会在4月18日举行了,其目的是为了支持医疗工作者。根据句子分析可知,此处作定语,concert与feature之间为主动关系,故应用现在分词作后置定语,故填featuring。
9.Listening to music at home is one thing, and going to hear it (perform) live is quite another. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being performed
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:在家里面听音乐是一回事,去听现场演奏又是另一回事。hear sb./sth. doing sth.听到某人/某物正在做某事。又因为音乐和演奏之间是被动关系,故用现在分词的被动形式being done。故填being performed。
10. (judge) from his cheerful manner, he must have enjoyed his meal. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Judging
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:从他那愉快的态度来看,他这顿饭一定吃得很愉快。judging from从……判断,为独立结构,不考虑与逻辑主语的主被动关系。根据句意,故填Judging。
11. (combine) two or more elements in a chemical way, you will get at least one new substance. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Combining
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:把两种或两种以上的元素以化学方式结合起来,你至少会得到一种新物质。根据句意和所给动词combine分析句子可知,空格处应该填入动词combine的非谓语形式作状语,因为动词combine和句子主语you之间是主动关系,所以应该用现在分词形式combining作状语。故填Combining。
12.He turned around and saw the old man (applaud) the young actor. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】applauding
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他转过身来,看见老人在为年轻演员鼓掌。此处为see+宾语+宾补结构,且applaud与man构成主动关系,故用现在分词作宾补。故填applauding。
13.He didn’t like the media (probe) into his past. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】probing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他不喜欢媒体调查他的过去。like sb. doing sth.喜欢某人做某事。根据句意,故填probing。
【押题新高考题型四】现在分词作表语
1.Progress is always (motivate); any small progress can inspire positive emotions that will make you work harder. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】motivating
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:进步总是激励人的;任何小的进步都会激发积极情绪,而那会让你更有干劲。空处用现在分词作表语,表示“激励人的”,用作表语的分词通常具有形容词性质,现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征,故填motivating。
2.The plot of the drama was so (absorb) that the girl was attracted by it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】absorbing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这出戏的情节如此吸引人,女孩被它吸引住了。分析句子结构,此处用非谓语动词形式。修饰前面主语,指物用动词现在分词形式,相当于形容词作表语,absorbing吸引人的,符合题意。故填absorbing。
3.The guests came in, but she remained (stand) at the desk reading.
【答案】standing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:客人们都来了,但她还站在写字台旁读书。remain相当于系动词,逻辑主语she和非谓语动词stand是主动关系,stand用现在分词,作表语,表示正在进行的动作。故填standing。
4. (sit) in the armchair is an old man in his eighties. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Sitting
【详解】考查倒装句。句意:坐在扶手椅上的是一位八十多岁的老人。分析句子的结构可知,此处是倒装句,结构为“现在分词短语+be+主语”。故填Sitting。
5.The guests came in, but she remained (sit) by the desk. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】sitting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:客人们进来了,但她仍然坐在桌子旁边。remain为系动词,又sit和she为逻辑主动关系,故其后接现在分词作表语,表示正在进行的主动动作,remain doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“依然做某事,保持某动作”。故填sitting。
6.While gingko trees can live for a long time, they are not even near (be) the oldest trees.
【答案】being
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然银杏树可以活很长时间,但他们绝非最老的树。分析句子结构可知,此处是非谓语动词作表语,be和they之间是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作表语,故填being。
7.What he said was (令人惊讶的) and everybody present was astonished by his words.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】astonishing
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他说的话令人震惊。在场的每个人都被他的话惊得说不出话来。根据汉语提示以及空格前的be动词可知,该处应填写形容词作表语,修饰的主语What he said为物,应使用现在分词形式的形容词astonishing“令人惊讶的”。故填astonishing。
【押题新高考题型五】现在分词用于省略句
1.If (practice) properly, you’ll be fluent in using it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】practicing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果练习得当,你就能流利地使用它。动词practice和逻辑主语you之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语,故填practicing。
2.Athletes perform better both during exercise and while (engage) in their sport when there is music. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】engaging/engaged
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:运动员在运动中和在有音乐的情况下都表现得更好。perform是谓语,空格处作状语,主语Athletes和动词engage之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式;be engaged in 为固定短语,意为“从事”,在作非谓语动词时需要去掉be动词,用过去分词作状语。故填engaging/engaged。
3.I think I may have broken my right leg while (play) football yesterday afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】playing
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:我想我昨天下午踢足球的时候可能把右腿摔断了。while引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语是同一个人,即I,则while后面为“I was playing”,“I was”可省略,变成了“while doing”,意思是“当做某事的时候”,故填playing。
4.If a person is bleeding, always wear gloves and protective eyewear when (give) first aid care. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】giving
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:如果有人在流血,在进行急救护理时,请始终佩戴手套和防护眼镜。when引导的时间状语从句中,主语和主句主语一致,且含有be动词时,从句中主语和be可以省略。本句主句为祈使句,相当于主语是you,在when引导的时间状语从句中,根据语意,意思应为“当你在进行急救护理时”,完整句子应为when you are giving first aid care,故可把从句中you are省略。故填giving。
5.You’d better take the price, the quality and so on into consideration when (buy). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】buying
【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意:买的时候你最好把价格、质量等综合考虑一下。分析句子可知,此处用了when引导时间状语从句,且从句的主语和主句的主语一致,从句中含有be动词,因此对主语和be动词同时进行了省略,buy“购买”和被省略的主语you之间是主动关系,应用buy的现在分词形式,完整形式为when you are buying。故填buying。
6.The professor paused as if (expect) his students to ask questions on the point he had just made. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】expecting
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:教授停顿了一下,好像他在等学生们就他刚刚提出的观点提出问题。分析句意再根据paused可知,从句中时态应该用过去进行时表示他“正在期待”,即用he was expecting;再分析句式结构可知,as if引导的状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致,所以可以省略he was。故填expecting。非谓语动词之现在分词
目录
现在分词
【高考预测】现在分词概率预测+题型预测+考向预测....................................................................................01
【思维导图】现在分词考点考向思维导图.........................................................................................................01
【应试秘籍】现在分词常考点及应对的策略.....................................................................................................02
【误区点拨】现在分词点拨常见的易错点.........................................................................................................02
【抢分通关】现在分词题押题新高考方向,讲解通关策略(含新考法).....................................................06
概率预测 ☆☆☆☆☆
题型预测 语法填空题、阅读理解句意、写作高级句式输出
考向预测 现在分词作状语、作定语、作补语、作表语、用于省略句 ☆☆☆☆☆
现在分词和动名词都是动词加-ing, 但是功能却有所不同。
动名词就是名词,保留了一些动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意思。在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语,可以被副词修饰或者来支配宾语。
现在分词更侧重在动词的特征上。现在分词可以作宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
动名词作表语:说明主语的内容或动作的名词,表示抽象笼统的概念。此时主语和表语是可以互换位置。
现在分词作表语:表述主语的状态或特征,特别是表示情绪的词如distressing, annoying等。
一 现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语,相当于一个状语从句,在句中作条件、时间、原因、伴随、结果等状语,强调分词动作与句子主语之间的主动关系。现在分词作状语的解题秘籍:分词逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致,分词动作由主语发出。
易错点:doing与having done混用
秘籍:观察分词与谓语动词发生的时间先后关系。
构成区别:现在分词一般式-doing; 现在分词完成式having done。
具体规则如下:
1:现在分词一般式-doing表示与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。
2: 现在分词完成时having done表示动作在谓语动作之前发生。
易错提醒:只观察分词与句子主语的关系,忽略与谓语动作发生的时间先后。
(2024·河北石家庄·高三试题) (live) abroad for many years, the old man finally returned to his hometown.
变式1:“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
变式2: (think) about the idea for a long time, Sasaki finally built the booth.
变式3: (see) the photos of the coastal city, I have no desire to visit it; it’s crowded all year.
二 现在分词作定语
现在分词作定语时,单个的分词通常作前置定语;分词短语修饰名词通常作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。现在分词作后置定语,表示一个(现在或将来)正在进行的动作,或表示某个经常性的动作或状态,此时,形容词的特点更强。
易错点:现在分词与过去分词混用
秘籍:1.现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
与感觉有关的及物动词,其现在分词与中心词构成逻辑上的主谓关系,表示“令人有某种感觉”。 过去分词含有被动意味,表示“人被引起某种感觉”。
She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world _________ (face) “too little water or too dirty water”.
变式1.A national public campaign should be launched to give animals a good (live) environment.
变式2:He wrote a book (document) his prison experiences. (所给词的适当形式填空)
三 现在分词作补语
现在分词作宾补时,表示动作正在进行,尚未完成,不是全过程。过去分词作宾补往往表示动作被动、完成,而不定式作宾语表示动作的完成,是全过程。牢记常跟宾补的动词:1.感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice。 2.使役动词have, get, make, let等。
易错点:with的复合结构中宾补错用
秘籍:“with+名词+现在分词”表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。省略介词with后构成“名词+现在分词”的独立主格结构。
With so many people (focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous.
变式1:China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries (recognise) its role in international affairs.
变式2:I can hardly imagine Peter (sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
变式3:The boy was caught (cheat) in the examination last week.
四 现在分词作表语
现在分词作表语,位于系动词之后,说明主语的身份、性质或情况,译为“令人......的”。一般修饰事物。过去分词作表语,表示“感到......的”,一般修饰人或表示人的表情。
注意:分词作表语有两种情况一种是-ing形式作表语,一种是-ed形式作表语。
-ing形式用来描述事物的特征,表示“令人...的”,-ed形式用来描述人的感受,表示“感到...的”。如
interesting 使人感兴趣的 interested感兴趣的
exciting令人激动的 excited感到激动的
disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的
puzzling令人费解的 puzzled感到费解的
surprising令人吃惊的 surprised感到吃惊的
frightening令人恐惧的 frightened感到恐惧的
He is really ________(amuse) and tells jokes when he thinks we’re getting bored.
变式1:The breeze was cool and _________(refresh).
变式2:The reason he gave was not very ___________(convince).
四 现在分词用于省略句
现在分词用于省略句的考点有两个。
在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中,若从句中的主语和主句的主语一致,并且从句中含有be动词时,可以同时省略从句中的主语和be动词,则从句中只剩下分词形式。从句中表示主动关系时,省略后为“连词+现在分词”。
若从句中为it is时,也可省略。
We wear plimsolls when ________(do) physical exercises at school.
变式:They got engaged when _______(travel) in Europe.
【押题新高考题型一】现在分词作状语
1.One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots, (give) us the “taste of home” and relieving feelings of homesickness. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.Nels entered college at the age of eighteen, (graduate) four years later as the head of his class. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.The Internet is a technological wonder, (bring) about far-reaching changes in all aspects of our lives. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4. (wait) in the line for half an hour, he suddenly realized that he left his wallet at home. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5. (embrace) her mother warmly, she felt tears welling up in her eyes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6.She moved forward, (inch) towards the rope. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.“What did you do last weekend,” said my friend Jack, (wear) a sweet smile on his face. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8. (struggle) with depression, eating disorders and alcohol abuse for years, he now understands how important being healthy is. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9. (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10.Try to start with an introduction (explain) what you want to do. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11. (warn) by the teacher, the students didn’t make such mistakes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【押题新高考题型二】现在分词作定语
1.They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.You may already know of UNESCO’s famous list of World Heritage Sites, (consist) of places selected for special protection because of their value to the world. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
3.Misunderstanding (arise) from the lack of communication, unless handled properly, may lead to serious problems. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
4.The room (measure) five meters across is comfortable to live in. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
5.This is an exhausting and (drain) experience. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6.The study further strengthens the evidence (link) smoking with early death. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.Richard was aware of the danger (await) him on his way back to England after the war. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8.They spared no effort to save the building (date) back to the Qing Dynasty. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9.We have an announcement for all passengers (leave) for Wern Europe. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10.What stood out were the people (play)the two leading roles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【押题新高考题型三】现在分词作补语
1.With the final exam (approach), all the students are busy going over their lessons. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.When she looked around, she noticed a man (put) his hand into a passenger’s pocket. She rushed to stop it in time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.He volunteered to help control traffic, (donate) an hour of his time every week. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4. (receive) the letter from her best friend, Lucy ran towards home excitedly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5.The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happily (watch) anything that happened to be on. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6. (concentrate) deeply on his work, the engineer ignored what was happening out in the streets. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.I found Janet (sit) on a bench in the backyard alone, watching the bright moon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8.A global concert (feature) many international musicians was held on April 18 in support of health workers. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9.Listening to music at home is one thing, and going to hear it (perform) live is quite another. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10. (judge) from his cheerful manner, he must have enjoyed his meal. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11. (combine) two or more elements in a chemical way, you will get at least one new substance. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12.He turned around and saw the old man (applaud) the young actor. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13.He didn’t like the media (probe) into his past. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【押题新高考题型四】现在分词作表语
1.Progress is always (motivate); any small progress can inspire positive emotions that will make you work harder. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.The plot of the drama was so (absorb) that the girl was attracted by it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.The guests came in, but she remained (stand) at the desk reading.
4. (sit) in the armchair is an old man in his eighties. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5.The guests came in, but she remained (sit) by the desk. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6.While gingko trees can live for a long time, they are not even near (be) the oldest trees.
7.What he said was (令人惊讶的) and everybody present was astonished by his words.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【押题新高考题型五】现在分词用于省略句
1.If (practice) properly, you’ll be fluent in using it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.Athletes perform better both during exercise and while (engage) in their sport when there is music. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.I think I may have broken my right leg while (play) football yesterday afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4.If a person is bleeding, always wear gloves and protective eyewear when (give) first aid care. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5.You’d better take the price, the quality and so on into consideration when (buy). (所给词的适当形式填空)
6.The professor paused as if (expect) his students to ask questions on the point he had just made. (所给词的适当形式填空)