2024年高考英语二轮复习--阅读理解之说明文 课件(共33张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024年高考英语二轮复习--阅读理解之说明文 课件(共33张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-03-30 17:20:13 | ||
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(共33张PPT)
2024届二轮复习
阅读理解之说明文
01
Reading for structure
(追本溯源理结构）
02
Reading for strategy
(真题再现找策略)
03
Consolidation
(真题训练促提升)
04
Disussion
(高考真题再开发)
1
追本溯源理结构
The Secret Language of Plants
Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends. ...And in some modern stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with animals and people.
With us long believing ..., new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all.
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.
More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants .... Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving.
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. ....Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”...Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Who knows Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. (外研版高中英语选择性必修一Unit 1)
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
主题语境：
A.人与社会
B. 人与自我
C. 人与自然
1.1 what: (研究对象，研究结论)
Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends. Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people. Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India. And in some modern stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with animals and people.
With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all.
Tip：要准确把握科普类说明文的主题，首段是关键，阅读过程要特别留意语篇标志词（如however,but等）的含义，还要留意“new research/recent study/scientists”以及“long believe,think/show/suggest/indicate/reveal”等引出观点与研究的标志词。
①
②
how:(研究的结论如何得出，研究过程)
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I'm being attacked!” When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract insects - the wasps! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.
More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chilli plants do this. T...Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving.
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web” It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. .... within the wood wide web.
③
④
⑤
working process
giving examples
making comparison
supporting details
Tip: 关注段首句，有助于理清文章脉络。常见说明方法有：分析过程法，举例子，做调查，试验，对比分析，列数据，引用之前研究等
why(研究意义、未来前景/后续研究)
Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.
Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving.
Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Who knows Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.
③
④
⑤
研究意义
语篇标志词：use, indicate,prevent等
⑥
para.6 :重申研究结果，展望未来
标志词：one day, some day等
Tip: 研究类说明文通常在文章最后一段（或段中）说明研究意义，并在结尾重申研究结论，或展望未来，或后续研究或呼吁行动等
Topic （introduction/ research results）
body
supporting detail 1
supporting detail 2
supporting detail 3
Conclusion
para 3 using chemical
para 4 using sound
para 5 using the “the wood wide web”
para6 ： Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.
para1&2：It appears that plants can communicate after all.
2
真题再现找策略
Task 1： Divide the following passage into three parts.
What：para___
How：para____
Why：para _____
① As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
② Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
③The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers... The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories....listening to waves.”
④Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories ...and following an established trail.
⑤Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park.... lunch break.
⑥“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature ... we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
para 3&4&5: the method of research
（how:做实验survey,examine
分类作对比code,assign, different category
举例子for example
(2023`新高考Ⅱ卷,阅读理解D)
para6：the meaning and a call to protect nature.
（why: 研究意义：help
呼吁行动：need to protect nature
para1&2：introduction
（what：提出问题或现象;
研究对象及研究结论）
标志词：a new study shows...
主题语境：
A.人与社会
B. 人与自我
C. 人与自然
2. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A. To compare different types of park-goers.
B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park.
D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
3. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
题目速览
细节理解题
推理判断题
推理判断题
细节理解题
1. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A. Pocket parks are now popular.
B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated.
D. People enjoy living close to nature.
4. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A. Language study.
B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education.
D. Intercultural communication.
1. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A. Pocket parks are now popular.
B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated.
D. People enjoy living close to nature.
拆解：说明文细节理解题
① As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
明确研究对象what
(access to nature)
Tip 1: 化繁为简抓主干
2. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A. To compare different types of park-goers.
B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park.
D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
拆解：说明文推理判断题
③The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
关注how：研究方法（分类对比）
Tip 2: 仔细比对选项
拆解：说明文推理判断题
⑤Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
How： 研究方法（举例论证）
3. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
Tip 3：关注主题句及高频词
拆解：说明文细节理解题
4. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A. Language study.
B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education.
D. Intercultural communication.
⑥“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
聚焦研究意义why
Tip4： 同义词（synonym）替换
① As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
②Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
③The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
④Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
⑤Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
⑥“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
12. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A. Pocket parks are now popular.
B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated.
D. People enjoy living close to nature.
13. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A. To compare different types of park-goers.
B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park.
D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
14. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
15. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A. Language study.
B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education.
D. Intercultural communication.
题文同序
para1&2：introduction
（what：提出问题或现象;
研究对象及研究结论）
标志词：a new study shows...
para 3&4: the method of research
（how:分类作对比code,assign, different category
para 5: the method of research
（how:举例子）
para6：the meaning and a call to protect nature.
（why: 研究意义：help
呼吁行动：need to protect nature
What：明确研究对象/研究结论
How：研究方法
How: 研究方法
Why聚焦研究意义
Tip1：化繁为简抓主干
Tip3：关注主题句及高频词
Tip4： 同义词替换
Tip 2: 仔细比对选项
Task 3: Make a summary
Tip 1: 化繁为简抓主干
Tip 2: 仔细比对选项
Tip 3：关注主题句及高频词
Tip4： 同义词替换
真题训练促提升
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B.Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C.Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D.Biking Improves Women’s Cardiovascular Fitness
①The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia(失智症）in later life—and if they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
(2022·浙江1月,阅读理解C)
主旨大意题
What：明确研究结论
Tip1：化繁为简抓主干
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
⑤Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
（2022·全国I卷，阅读理解D）
How：研究方法（分类对比、举例子等）
（段落）主旨大意题
Tip3：关注主题句及高频词
14. What did the follow-up study focus on
A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates.
④In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
（2023··新高考Ⅰ卷，阅读理解D)
聚焦why-后续研究
推理判断题
Tip2：比对选项
15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
④In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
聚焦why-作者观点态度）
Tip1：化繁为简抓主干,注意词汇的褒贬
观点态度题
赞成
positive 积极的
supportive 支持的
approving 赞成的
favorable 赞许的
反对
negative 消极的
disapproving 不赞成的
dissatisfied 不满意的
critical 批判的
worried 担忧的
doubtful 怀疑的
dismissive 鄙视的
中立
objective客观的
neutral中立的
indifferent 漠不关心的
作者/专家的态度：What’s the author’s/ one’s attitude（态度）towards...
不清楚的
unclear 消极的
vague 模糊的
ambiguous
模棱两可的
信息点考察 常见题型设置 常见设问方式
What:研究对象， 研究结论 1. 文章_______ 2.细节理解 主旨大意题常见设问方式：
1.Which of the following is the best title for the text
2. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
How: 研究过程 列举某项实验结果 1. 细节理解/推断 2. 段落_____ 3. 论证手法 3.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
4. What’s the function(功能) of sth
Why： 未来研究方向 研究意义 研究结果的应用 （作者/某专家）______ /写作意图 /后续研究等 5. What did the follow-up study focus on
6. What is the author’s attitude toward sth.
4
高考真题再开发
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D)
①The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
②The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
③One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three and a half hours. The light, about one thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self powered street lamps.
④In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
⑤Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
Task 1:
Classify the structure of this passage based on the above form.
(2020全国Ⅰ,D) 话题:人与植物
①The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
②The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
③One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three and a half hours. The light, about one thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self powered street lamps.
④In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
⑤Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
研究对象：人与自然关系
研究结论：积极影响
研究过程
列举某项实验结果
研究意义（用途）
未来研究方向
What
How
Why
Task 2 :
Each group come up with three questions according to the above structure and give your answers.
信息点考察 常见题型设置 常见设问方式 你的问题？
What:研究对象， 研究结论 1. 文章主旨大意 2.细节理解 1.Which of the following is the best title for the text 2. What is paragraph 1/5 mainly about ①____________
How: 研究过程 列举某项实验结果 1. 细节理解/推断 2. 段落主旨题 3. 论证手法 3.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5 4. What’s the function(功能) of sth ②___________
Why： 未来研究方向 研究意义 研究结果的应用 （作者/某专家）观点态度 /写作意图 /后续研究等 5. What did the follow-up study focus on 6. What is the author’s attitude towards sth. ③________________
(2020全国Ⅰ,D) 话题:人与植物
①The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
②The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
③One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three and a half hours. The light, about one thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self powered street lamps.
④In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
⑤Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
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2024届二轮复习
阅读理解之说明文
01
Reading for structure
(追本溯源理结构）
02
Reading for strategy
(真题再现找策略)
03
Consolidation
(真题训练促提升)
04
Disussion
(高考真题再开发)
1
追本溯源理结构
The Secret Language of Plants
Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends. ...And in some modern stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with animals and people.
With us long believing ..., new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all.
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.
More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants .... Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving.
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. ....Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”...Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Who knows Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. (外研版高中英语选择性必修一Unit 1)
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
主题语境：
A.人与社会
B. 人与自我
C. 人与自然
1.1 what: (研究对象，研究结论)
Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends. Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people. Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India. And in some modern stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with animals and people.
With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all.
Tip：要准确把握科普类说明文的主题，首段是关键，阅读过程要特别留意语篇标志词（如however,but等）的含义，还要留意“new research/recent study/scientists”以及“long believe,think/show/suggest/indicate/reveal”等引出观点与研究的标志词。
①
②
how:(研究的结论如何得出，研究过程)
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I'm being attacked!” When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract insects - the wasps! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.
More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chilli plants do this. T...Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving.
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web” It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. .... within the wood wide web.
③
④
⑤
working process
giving examples
making comparison
supporting details
Tip: 关注段首句，有助于理清文章脉络。常见说明方法有：分析过程法，举例子，做调查，试验，对比分析，列数据，引用之前研究等
why(研究意义、未来前景/后续研究)
Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.
Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving.
Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Who knows Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.
③
④
⑤
研究意义
语篇标志词：use, indicate,prevent等
⑥
para.6 :重申研究结果，展望未来
标志词：one day, some day等
Tip: 研究类说明文通常在文章最后一段（或段中）说明研究意义，并在结尾重申研究结论，或展望未来，或后续研究或呼吁行动等
Topic （introduction/ research results）
body
supporting detail 1
supporting detail 2
supporting detail 3
Conclusion
para 3 using chemical
para 4 using sound
para 5 using the “the wood wide web”
para6 ： Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.
para1&2：It appears that plants can communicate after all.
2
真题再现找策略
Task 1： Divide the following passage into three parts.
What：para___
How：para____
Why：para _____
① As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
② Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
③The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers... The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories....listening to waves.”
④Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories ...and following an established trail.
⑤Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park.... lunch break.
⑥“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature ... we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
para 3&4&5: the method of research
（how:做实验survey,examine
分类作对比code,assign, different category
举例子for example
(2023`新高考Ⅱ卷,阅读理解D)
para6：the meaning and a call to protect nature.
（why: 研究意义：help
呼吁行动：need to protect nature
para1&2：introduction
（what：提出问题或现象;
研究对象及研究结论）
标志词：a new study shows...
主题语境：
A.人与社会
B. 人与自我
C. 人与自然
2. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A. To compare different types of park-goers.
B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park.
D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
3. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
题目速览
细节理解题
推理判断题
推理判断题
细节理解题
1. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A. Pocket parks are now popular.
B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated.
D. People enjoy living close to nature.
4. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A. Language study.
B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education.
D. Intercultural communication.
1. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A. Pocket parks are now popular.
B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated.
D. People enjoy living close to nature.
拆解：说明文细节理解题
① As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
明确研究对象what
(access to nature)
Tip 1: 化繁为简抓主干
2. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A. To compare different types of park-goers.
B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park.
D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
拆解：说明文推理判断题
③The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
关注how：研究方法（分类对比）
Tip 2: 仔细比对选项
拆解：说明文推理判断题
⑤Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
How： 研究方法（举例论证）
3. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
Tip 3：关注主题句及高频词
拆解：说明文细节理解题
4. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A. Language study.
B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education.
D. Intercultural communication.
⑥“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
聚焦研究意义why
Tip4： 同义词（synonym）替换
① As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
②Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
③The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
④Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
⑤Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
⑥“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
12. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A. Pocket parks are now popular.
B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated.
D. People enjoy living close to nature.
13. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A. To compare different types of park-goers.
B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park.
D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
14. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
15. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A. Language study.
B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education.
D. Intercultural communication.
题文同序
para1&2：introduction
（what：提出问题或现象;
研究对象及研究结论）
标志词：a new study shows...
para 3&4: the method of research
（how:分类作对比code,assign, different category
para 5: the method of research
（how:举例子）
para6：the meaning and a call to protect nature.
（why: 研究意义：help
呼吁行动：need to protect nature
What：明确研究对象/研究结论
How：研究方法
How: 研究方法
Why聚焦研究意义
Tip1：化繁为简抓主干
Tip3：关注主题句及高频词
Tip4： 同义词替换
Tip 2: 仔细比对选项
Task 3: Make a summary
Tip 1: 化繁为简抓主干
Tip 2: 仔细比对选项
Tip 3：关注主题句及高频词
Tip4： 同义词替换
真题训练促提升
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B.Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C.Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D.Biking Improves Women’s Cardiovascular Fitness
①The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia(失智症）in later life—and if they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
(2022·浙江1月,阅读理解C)
主旨大意题
What：明确研究结论
Tip1：化繁为简抓主干
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
⑤Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
（2022·全国I卷，阅读理解D）
How：研究方法（分类对比、举例子等）
（段落）主旨大意题
Tip3：关注主题句及高频词
14. What did the follow-up study focus on
A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates.
④In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
（2023··新高考Ⅰ卷，阅读理解D)
聚焦why-后续研究
推理判断题
Tip2：比对选项
15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
④In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
聚焦why-作者观点态度）
Tip1：化繁为简抓主干,注意词汇的褒贬
观点态度题
赞成
positive 积极的
supportive 支持的
approving 赞成的
favorable 赞许的
反对
negative 消极的
disapproving 不赞成的
dissatisfied 不满意的
critical 批判的
worried 担忧的
doubtful 怀疑的
dismissive 鄙视的
中立
objective客观的
neutral中立的
indifferent 漠不关心的
作者/专家的态度：What’s the author’s/ one’s attitude（态度）towards...
不清楚的
unclear 消极的
vague 模糊的
ambiguous
模棱两可的
信息点考察 常见题型设置 常见设问方式
What:研究对象， 研究结论 1. 文章_______ 2.细节理解 主旨大意题常见设问方式：
1.Which of the following is the best title for the text
2. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
How: 研究过程 列举某项实验结果 1. 细节理解/推断 2. 段落_____ 3. 论证手法 3.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
4. What’s the function(功能) of sth
Why： 未来研究方向 研究意义 研究结果的应用 （作者/某专家）______ /写作意图 /后续研究等 5. What did the follow-up study focus on
6. What is the author’s attitude toward sth.
4
高考真题再开发
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D)
①The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
②The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
③One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three and a half hours. The light, about one thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self powered street lamps.
④In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
⑤Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
Task 1:
Classify the structure of this passage based on the above form.
(2020全国Ⅰ,D) 话题:人与植物
①The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
②The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
③One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three and a half hours. The light, about one thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self powered street lamps.
④In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
⑤Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
研究对象：人与自然关系
研究结论：积极影响
研究过程
列举某项实验结果
研究意义（用途）
未来研究方向
What
How
Why
Task 2 :
Each group come up with three questions according to the above structure and give your answers.
信息点考察 常见题型设置 常见设问方式 你的问题？
What:研究对象， 研究结论 1. 文章主旨大意 2.细节理解 1.Which of the following is the best title for the text 2. What is paragraph 1/5 mainly about ①____________
How: 研究过程 列举某项实验结果 1. 细节理解/推断 2. 段落主旨题 3. 论证手法 3.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5 4. What’s the function(功能) of sth ②___________
Why： 未来研究方向 研究意义 研究结果的应用 （作者/某专家）观点态度 /写作意图 /后续研究等 5. What did the follow-up study focus on 6. What is the author’s attitude towards sth. ③________________
(2020全国Ⅰ,D) 话题:人与植物
①The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
②The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
③One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three and a half hours. The light, about one thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self powered street lamps.
④In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
⑤Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
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