人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Using language 课件(共28张PPT)

(共28张PPT)
Unit 4
Adversity and courage
Using Language
& Language Points
课前准备：课本，学案。积累本，双色笔
Great works are performed not
by strength, but perseverance.
—Samuel Johnson
2019新人教版
Build up vocabulary
一位真正的绅士
疲惫的一天
从你的错误中学习
进行一次彻底的调查
为我们自己感到骄傲
在他导师的指导下
加入救援队伍
感到孤独和绝望
让我们振作起来
进入一个有规律的模式
a real gentleman
a tiring day
learn from your mistakes
conduct a thorough investigation
be proud of ourselves
under his tutor’s guidance
join the rescue team
feel so alone and desperate
cheer us up
fall into a regular pattern
Build up vocabulary
生火
散发油腻的黑烟
海洋生物
变换食物
应对我们的恐惧
感到轻松和喜悦
隐藏我们的眼泪
把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡线上拯救回来
他们行为的动机
make fire
give off oily， black smoke
sea creatures
vary the meals
deal with our fears
feel relief and joy
hide our tears
save us from a slow but painful death
the motives for their actions
1．________ adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→________ v．(使)具有资格；(使)合格→____________ n．资格；资历；资格证书
2．__________ adj.热情的；热心的→_______________ adv.热情地→___________ n．热情；热忱
3．______ vt.分派；布置；分配→_____________ n．任务；作业；分配
4．_________ n．[pl.]财物；动产→________ vi.属于；应在(某处)
5．________ adj.自私的→________ adv.自私地→__________ n．自私
6．________ n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→________ vi.坚持；孜孜以求
7．________ vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)　n．决心；坚定的信念→___________ n．决议；解决；坚定；决心
8．________ adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→________ adv.残忍地；残酷地→________ n．残忍；残酷
Build up vocabulary
qualified
qualify
qualification
enthusiastic
enthusiastically
enthusiasm
assign
assignment
belongings
belong
selfish
selfishly
selfishness
perseverance
persevere
resolve
resolution
cruel
cruelly
cruelty
9．____________ adv.不幸地；遗憾地→___________ (反) adv.幸运地→________ n．运气；财产
10．________ n．指导；引导；导航→________ n．导游；指南　vt.带领；引导；为……领路
11．______________ n．广告活动；广告业→____________ vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→________________ n．广告；宣传
12．________ adj.忠诚的；忠实的→________ n．忠诚；忠实
13．___________ n．承诺；保证；奉献→________ vt.犯(错误、罪行等)　vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→___________ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的
Build up vocabulary
unfortunately
fortunately
fortune
guidance
guide
advertising
advertise
advertisement
loyal
loyalty
commitment
commit
committed
1.Complete the sentences below using the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets. Then explain your reasons to your partner.
For the whole morning, the board of directors __________________ (discuss) the resolution to
increase wages in the coming year.
2. Jason’s only recreation is painting. He _________________ (learn) how to paint for over five years.
Even though we lost the game, we should be proud of ourselves because we _________ (try) our
best and ________ (work) as a team.
4. He finally __________ (finish) the research paper under his tutor’s guidance.
My nephew Sam _________________ (collect) comic books since he was five. Now he has more
than two hundred of them.
6. The company ___________________________________ (launch) an advertising campaign to
promote its corporate image.
Prep for Grammar
has been discussing
has been learning
tried
finished
worked
has been collecting
launched / is launching / has launched
2. Read each situation and rewrite each a sentence using the present perfect continuous tense.
1. The dog started to bark about two hours ago. I really hope it will stop soon.
The dog has been barking for about two hours. I really hope it will stop soon.
2. Steve started to play rugby at the age of eight. Now he has become a professional player.
Steve has been playing rugby since the age of eight. Now he has become a professional player.
3. Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat. He looks a little tired after playing table tennis for two hours.
Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat. He looks a little tired because he has been playing table tennis for two hours.
Prep for Grammar
Go for Grammar
现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时概述
现在完成进行时表示过去发生的动作或状况一直持续到现在，这个动作可能仍在继续进行或刚刚结束。现在完成进行时由“have/has + been + 现在分词”构成。
Go for Grammar
主语 + have/has + been + 现在分词...
肯定句：
主语 + have/has + not + been + 现在分词...
否定句：
Have/Has + 主语 + been + 现在分词一般疑问句：...
一般疑问句：
疑问代词/ 疑问副词 + have/has +（主语 +）been + 现在分词...
特殊疑问句
现在完成进行时研析
【例句】
I’ve been trying to find out her telephone number. 我一直在查问她的电话号码。
They have been widening the road. 他们在拓宽这条路。
【单句语法填空】
（1）My eyes ache. I 　　　　 　（stay） in front of the computer all the afternoon.
（2）He 　　　　 　（do） this in order to repay the boy’s kindness.
（3）I 　　　　 　（learn） English since three years ago.
（4）You know，I 　　----　　 　（look） for a job for three months，and this is my first formal interview.
Go for Grammar
have been staying
has been doing
have been learning
have been looking
2. 现在完成进行时的用法
1）表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作
How long have you been learning English
She has been burning the midnight oil to prepare for GRE recently.
Tom has been playing the online games for more than twenty hours.
His brother has been writing this novel since last year.
2）表示到目前为止的一段时间内重复进行的活动
I have been telling you not to make trouble.
The old man has been repairing cars for thirty years.
Jack has been practising Tai Chi for more than a year.
Go for Grammar
2. 现在完成进行时的用法
（3）表示根据直接或间接的证据而得出结论
His eyes are red. He has been working too hard recently.
—I have got a headache.
— No wonder. You have been working in front of that computer too long.
—I’m sure Andrew will win first prize in the final.
—I think so. He has been preparing for it for months.
（4）表达某种感彩:现在完成进行时有时带有强烈的表扬或厌恶等感彩。
We’ve been looking forward to our summer vacation.
Too much has been happening today.
【学法点拨】以下几类动词不能用于现在完成进行时：
① 表示感官、感觉：see，hear，smell 等； ② 表示爱憎：love，prefer，mind 等；
③ 表示希望、意愿：wish，want，desire 等； ④ 表示相信、猜想：believe，think，suppose 等；
⑤ 非延续性动词。
Go for Grammar
3 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
（ 1）现在完成时强调完成和影响，现在完成进行时强调未完成和 动作。
I’ve been doing my homework. 我一直在做家庭作业。（还在做）
I’ve finished my homework. 我已做完家庭作业了。（已完成）
（2）现在完成时经常表单个事件，现在完成进行时可表重复事件。
Julia has gone to the library. 朱莉娅去图书馆了。（单个事件）
Julia has been going to the library for a year. 朱莉娅在一年间经常去图书馆。（重复事件）
（3）现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时含感彩。
What have you done 你做什么了？（仅是问问）
Where have you been I have been waiting for you in the rain for two hours.
你去哪里了？我在雨中等了你两个小时。（表示不满）
Go for Grammar
3 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
（ 4）表重复时，现在完成时强调成果，讲次数；现在完成进行时强调持续，不讲次数。
I have sent thirty e-mails this morning.
我今天上午发了三十封电子邮件。
I have been sending e-mails this morning.
我今天上午一直在发电子邮件。
（ 5）不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。
The war has lasted for a long time.
这场战争持续了很长时间。
（ 6）现在完成进行时不用于被动语态。若要用，可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。
The house has been painted for a month.
房子已经粉刷了一个月了。
Go for Grammar
【单句语法填空】
（1）It 　 　　　 　（rain） every day this month.
（2）So far this year we 　　　 　 　（see） a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.
（3）I 　　　 　 　（drink） five cups of coffee this afternoon.
（4）Now that she is out of work，Lucy 　 　　　 　 （think） about going back to school，but she hasn’t decided yet.
（5）He is the most creative man that I 　　 　　 　 （meet）.
（6）All these years we 　　 　　 　（try） to get in touch with him.
【完成句子】
（7）We 　　　　　　　　 　　（已经打扫了房屋）. You may come in now.
（8）Since that unfortunate accident last week， I ______________________　　 　　　　　 　 　　（一直睡得不好）.
（9）She 　　　　　 　　　（一直睡）for 6 hours and still can’t wake up.
Go for Grammar
has been raining
have seen
have drunk
has been thinking 　
have met
have been trying
have cleaned the house
haven’t been sleeping well
has been sleeping
2. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. The philosophy of Confucius, also known as Confucianism, ________ deeply __________ (influence) Chinese culture.
2. Henry _______(join) the navy when he was 20 and he _________ (retire) now.
3. The girl __________(want) to meet the pianist ever since she ________(attend) his concert.
4. _______ you _______(hear) of the saying “Curiosity killed the cat”
5. Your fridge ____________(give off) a terrible smell.
When ____ you last ______(clean) it
6. As the children are older now, we __________ (think) of moving to a bigger house.
7. My friend Maggie ______________(ask) me to visit her for ages, but
I ____ not really ______ (have) the time.
8. I _________(expect) the movie to end happily, but actually it has a sad ending.
has
influenced
joined
has retired
has wanted
attended
Have heard
is giving off
did clean
are thinking
has been asking
do
have
expected
Go for Practice
词汇精讲
1. It happens that... 碰巧……
【教材原句】p.38 ...Well，it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper...……嗯，碰巧有一天早上我买了一份报纸……
【句式分析】该句中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
1. It happens that his elder sister is a good friend of mine. 碰巧他姐姐是我的一个好朋友。
【归纳拓展】
It chances that...（= It happens that...）碰巧……
Sb. happen（s） to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事。
Sth. happened to sb. 某事发生在某人身上。
【例句】
It chanced that the winter of that year was a severe one.
She happened to have just finished reading the book.
Something unexpected must have happened to him if he didn’t turn up at the party.
词汇精讲
1. It happens that... 碰巧……
【单句语法填空】
（1） 　　 so happened that I had no money with me.
（2）I happened 　　　　 　（be） there when the accident happened.
（3）It chanced 　　　　 　 the harvest was bad that year.
【完成句子】
（4）You 　　　　　　　　 　　（碰巧出去了） when I came to your house.
（5） 　　　　　 　　　 　　（碰巧） he had to be present at a meeting.
（6）It’s the best thing that has ever 　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　（发生在我身上）.
It 　
to be
that
happened to be out 　
It（so）happened that 　
happened to me
词汇精讲
2 .隐含条件的虚拟语气
【教材原句】p.39 Without Frank and Ernest，we’d all be dead by now. 如果没有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们早就死了。
Without your support and encouragement，I would not have succeeded.
【学法点拨】
在虚拟语气中，隐含条件是指该句不直接使用if，as if 或if only 等表示条件的连词，而是用单词、短语、分词、从句或上下文关系等来间接地表示。隐含条件有多种形式：
（1）介词短语暗示
But for the captain，the ship would have sunk with all on board.
With more money and time，we could have done it better.
2）分词短语暗示
Given more time and money，he could have done better than what it is now.
词汇精讲
2 .隐含条件的虚拟语气
3）连词暗示
He can’t be ill，or he wouldn’t have come.
I’m lucky that I’m interested in schoolwork，otherwise I’d go mad.
【单句语法填空】
（1）She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise she 　　　 　 　（not leave） the meeting so early.
（2）Under such circumstances I 　　　 　 　（make） the same mistake.
（3）I 　　　　 　（help） you，but I was too busy.
（4）I don’t think it is an example of bad writing myself，otherwise I _________ 　　　 　（agree） with Levis.
【完成句子】
（5）In the absence of the keeper，the house___________________________ 　　 　 　　　　　　　　　（就被烧毁了）.
（6） 　　　　　　　　　（要不是这场雨）， we should have had a pleasant journey.
wouldn’t have left
would have made
would have helped
would agree
would have been burnt/burned down
But for the rain
词汇精讲
3. What if... 如果……会怎么样呢？（= What would happen if... ）
教材原句p.44 What if they were delayed 如果他们被耽搁了怎么办？
（1）表示假设，意为“假若……”“假若……怎么办”“要是……将会怎么样”。其后句子可用陈述语气（用一般现在时），也可用虚拟语气（用一般过去时或should+ 动词原形）。若是针对过去的情况， 从句则用过去完成时。
What if it rains when we can’t get to school on time
What if the assistant came tomorrow instead of this afternoon
What if no one had been there
（2）表示邀请或建议，意为“如果……怎么样”“如果……如何”
What if you join us for lunch 和我们一起吃午饭怎么样？
（3）表示不重要，意为“就算……那又怎样”，通常与so 连用。若句意清楚，so what if... 有时可省略成so what。
So what if he gave up the election. Who cares
—I’m afraid it’s too expensive.
—So what We have plenty of money.
词汇精讲
3. What if... 如果……会怎么样呢？（= What would happen if... ）
【单句语法填空】
（1）But 　　　　 if somebody decides to break the restrictions
（2）What 　　 everything you believe is wrong
【写出句中what if 的含义】
（3）What if we have a picnic this weekend ____________________
（4）What if the host doesn’t like you smoking there ____________________
【完成句子】
（5） 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　（如果机器人坏掉怎么办） right as it is serving hot soup or tea
（6） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 （要是我们把沙发挪到这边来会怎么样） Would that look better
（7） 　　　　　　　　（就算……那又怎样） nobody else agrees with me
what
if
如果……怎么样
假若……怎么办
What if the robot breaks down
What if we moved the sofa over here
So what if 　
词汇精讲
4. There be + 主语+ 非谓语动词 该句式中，非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰前面的主语。
【教材原句】p.44 There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil，so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. 南极洲没有树木生长，也没有石油，所以我们唯一能使用的燃料就是动物脂肪。
具体形式：
（1）There be+ 主语+ doing（表示主动和进行）
There are 300 people moving to the new factory in the south.
（2）There be + 主语+ done（表示被动或完成）
In this book，there are passages learnt before
（3）There will be + 主语+ to do（表示动作尚未发生）
There will be some problems to discuss at the conference.
【误区警示】当主语与其后的不定式是被动关系时，不定式用主动语态和被动语态均可，有些没有意义上的区别，有些则有区别。
There is no time to lose/to be lost. 时间不容耽搁。
There is nothing to see. 没有什么东西值得看。
There is nothing to be seen. 看不见什么东西。
词汇精讲
4. There be + 主语+ 非谓语动词 该句式中，非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰前面的主语。
单句语法填空
（1）In 1812，the year Charles Dickens was born， there were 66 novels _________ 　　　　 　（publish） in Britain.
（2）Yet there is evidence 　　　　 　（suggest） that the trend is growing.
（3）There is only one more day 　 　　　（go） before your favorite music group play live.
（4）There are still many problems 　　　　 　（solve） before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
完成句子
（5）There are some citizens 　　 　　　　　　（站在画廊前）.
（6）There is a red car 　　　　　　　　 　 　　（停在房子外面）.
（7） 　　　　　　　　 　　（无事可做） and he just sits there absent-minded.
published
suggesting
to go
to be solved
standing in front of the gallery
parked outside the house
There is nothing to do
词汇精讲
5.such... that... 如此……以至于……
【教材原句】p.45 When we were finally rescued，we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. 当我们终于获救时，我们感到如释重负，喜极而泣。
This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it. 这本书是用浅易的英语写的，所以初学者可以读懂。
（1）such...that... 可用于以下三个句型：
such + a（n）+ adj. + 可数名词单数 + that...;
such + adj. + 可数名词复数 + that... ;
such + adj. + 不可数名词 + that...
This is such a useful dictionary that I’m thinking of buying itThey are such fine teachers that we all have great respect for them. 。
He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him
词汇精讲
5.such... that... 如此……以至于……
（2）so...that... 用于以下四个句型：
so + adj./adv.+ that... ;
so + adj. + a（n）+ 可数名词单数+ that... ;
so + many/few + 可数名词复数+ that... ;
so + much/little（少）+ 不可数名词+ that...
Susan was so exhausted that she couldn’t eat dinner.
This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it.
He has so many books that I can’t count them.
There was so much food that we couldn’t eat it all.
【注意】
（1）so + adj.+ a（n）+ 可数名词单数=such+a（n）+adj.+ 可数名词单数。
so difficult a problem = such a difficult problem
（2）在so/such...that... 结构中，当so/such... 置于句首时，要用部分倒装结构。
Such was the force of the eruption that the whole town was covered with ash.
词汇精讲
5.such... that... 如此……以至于……
【单句语法填空】
（1）It was 　　　　 　 noisy that we couldn’t hear ourselves speak.
（2）It was 　　　　 　 nice weather that we were able to have lunch in the garden.
（3）He earned 　　　 little money that he couldn’t support his family.
（4）It was 　　　　 　 good an exhibition that I went to see it several times.
（5）It was 　　　　 　 a fine day that nobody wanted to stay at home.
（6）He had 　　　　 　 long arms that he could almost touch his knees.
（7）I’ve had 　　　　 　 many falls that I’m black and blue all over.
句型转换
（8）The problem is so difficult that I find it hard to solve.
→ It is 　　　 　 difficult problem 　　　　 I find it hard to solve.（同义句）
（9）The kids have done so well that they deserve our praise and thanks.（倒装句）
　　　　　　　　　　　 　 that they deserve our praise and thanks.
（10）It is such a difficult problem that I find it hard to solve.（倒装句）
　　　　　　　　 　　 is it that I find it hard to solve.
so
such
so
so
such
such
so
such a that
So well have the kids done 　
Such a difficult problem
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