《备战2024年高考英语名校真题零失误规范训练》（江苏专用）
专题12 阅读理解七选五最新真题模拟16篇题（干货+模拟）
解析版
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
七选五解题步骤
一、通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。
在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题有重要意义。
二、详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。
文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词，关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组）、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。
三、定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语。
根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。
四、通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
五、确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
七选五思维导图
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！
（2024·江苏南京·一模）Pursue Your Dreams Today, Not Tomorrow
Have you caught yourself daydreaming about your dreams We often postpone our dreams, trapped in a cycle of delay. But why wait 1 You don’t have to take a huge, life-changing step. You can take minute steps toward a brighter future. And start right now.
2 If you never try, you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets. You’re always going to wonder how your life would’ve turned out if you actually took a chance on yourself. Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.
It doesn’t matter how old you are or how many people have warned you that you’re never going to succeed. Even the most successful people have had their hesitations about whether they had what it took to make it in their field. 3 Embrace a mindset of determination, knowing that success is within your reach.
At the end of the day, you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction. If you allow your fear to get the best of you, you’re never going to forgive yourself. 4 . It’s what you would encourage your friends to do, so why aren’t you giving yourself that same push
Sometimes, following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day. It may require making slight adjustments to your schedule, but you don’t have to sacrifice everything to follow your hearts. Try to strike a balance between your current life and your dreams. 5
Pursue your dreams now, even though that means you might need to break out of your comfort zone, and even though it means entering the unknown.
A. Ask yourself what would be worse.
B. Starting small is completely acceptable.
C. You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams.
D. New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
E. If things go well, you can gradually make further shifts.
F. You need to move past your insecurities and explore your full potential.
G. Hard as it is, it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. G 4. F 5. E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何追求自己的梦想提出了一些建议。
1. 根据后文“You don’t have to take a huge, life-changing step. You can take minute steps toward a brighter future. And start right now.(你不需要迈出巨大的、改变人生的一步。你可以一步一步走向更光明的未来。现在就开始)”可知，后文提到了不需要迈出巨大的、改变人生的一步，可知本句是在建议从小的地方开始。故B选项“从小处开始是完全可以接受的”符合语境，故选B。
2. 根据本段内容“If you never try, you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets. You’re always going to wonder how your life would’ve turned out if you actually took a chance on yourself. Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.(如果你从不尝试，你就会被你的遗憾压垮。你总是想知道，如果你真的给自己一个机会，你的生活会变成什么样子。不要让未来的自己被现在的自己失望)”可知，本段的主旨是给自己一个改变生活的机会，即建议去追求自己的梦想。故C选项“你应该为自己去追求你的梦想”符合语境，故选C。
3. 根据后文“Embrace a mindset of determination, knowing that success is within your reach.(拥有一种坚定的心态，知道成功是触手可及的)”可知，后文提到要拥有坚定的心态，可知要拜托怀疑的心态。故G选项“尽管困难重重，但摆脱心中的疑虑是至关重要的”符合语境，故选G。
4. 根据上文“At the end of the day, you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction. If you allow your fear to get the best of you, you’re never going to forgive yourself.(在一天结束的时候，你需要为自己开辟一条通往最大满足感的道路。如果你让恐惧占据了你最好的一面，你永远不会原谅自己)”可知，上文提到不要让恐惧占据了你最好的一面，即建议要克服恐惧和不安全感，来发掘潜力。故F选项“你需要克服你的不安全感，发掘你的全部潜力”符合语境，故选F。
5. 根据上文“Sometimes, following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day. It may require making slight adjustments to your schedule, but you don't have to sacrifice everything to follow your hearts. Try to strike a balance between your current life and your dreams.(有时候，追随你的激情意味着每天花费大量的时间。这可能需要对你的时间表做一些调整，但你不必为了跟随自己的内心而牺牲一切。试着在你现在的生活和你的梦想之间取得平衡)”可知，上文提到了在你现在的生活和你的梦想之间取得平衡，本句为本段最后一句，故说明这么做的结果。故E选项“如果一切顺利，你可以逐渐做出进一步的改变”符合语境，故选E。
（2024·江苏连云港·二模）Discovering Your True Self Is Vital to Happiness!
Have you found focusing on yourself is at the bottom of the to-do list, because you feel everyone else in your life comes first 6 Now is exactly the perfect time to get to know yourself in order to understand yourself.
This isn’t just about identifying your favorite outfit, haircut or flavor of ice cream. 7 It’s an opportunity for personal growth that can help you make better choices for your wellbeing and lifelong happiness.
There are many tools to help you develop a deeper sense of yourself, including journaling and other forms of creative expression. You can use a guided journal to explore your thoughts and feelings or just free write whatever comes to mind. It’s up to you what you want to do. 8 .
9 Take note of how you respond to people, what makes you happy, and what makes you unhappy. This can help you identify patterns that are holding you back, such as feeling insecure or being easily angered. Once you’ve identified these patterns, you can work to change them.
An often overlooked yet very important factor in self-discovery is having healthy boundaries in your personal life. 10 Clearly communicating your boundaries is also a way to show others that you are in control of your own behavior and can expect the same from them. This is a sign of maturity and respect, two characteristics that are key to having healthy relationships.
A. It’s one thing to know your personality type.
B. It’s a great way to show that you care about others.
C. Taking time for ourselves has been looked down upon.
D. Another way is to observe your behavior in different situations.
E. It allows you to focus on the needs of yourself without ignoring others.
F. But try not to get caught up in the criticism or judgment of your writing.
G. It’s about understanding your inner world and how you fit into the outer world.
【答案】6. C 7. G 8. F 9. D 10. E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本篇主要讲了探索自己的内心世界对于自己的重要性，文章列举了一些探索自己内心世界方法，并解释了为什么这些方法可以带来更好的人际关系。
6. 根据上文“Have you found focusing on yourself is at the bottom of the to-do list, because you feel everyone else in your life comes first (你是否发现关注自己被排在待办事项清单的最后，因为你觉得生活中的其他人都是第一位的？)”可知，上文提到生活中其他人都是第一位，故本句承接上文，说明没有给自己留时间。故C选项“给自己留点时间一直被人看不起”符合语境，故选C。
7. 根据上文“This isn’t just about identifying your favorite outfit, haircut or flavor of ice cream.(（关注自己）不仅仅是确定你最喜欢的衣服、发型或冰淇淋的味道)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出关注自己的真正含义。前一句的This isn’t just about identifying和G选项It’s about understanding构成句法上的转折关系。故G选项“这是关于了解你的内心世界，以及你如何适应外部世界”符合语境，故选G。
8. 根据上文“There are many tools to help you develop a deeper sense of yourself, including journaling and other forms of creative expression. You can use a guided journal to explore your thoughts and feelings or just free write whatever comes to mind. It’s up to you what you want to do.(有很多工具可以帮助你发展更深层次的自我意识，包括日记和其他形式的创造性表达。你可以使用指南来探索你的想法和感受，或者只是自由地写下任何想到的东西。你想做什么由你自己决定)”可知，本段在陈述写日记能够更好地探索你的内心世界，但是仅仅专注于写日记就好，不要去批判日记中自己的想法。此处的writing与F选项中journaling可以构成同义替换。故F选项“但是尽量不要陷入对你写作的批评或评判中”符合语境，故选F。
9. 根据后文“Take note of how you respond to people, what makes you happy, and what makes you unhappy. This can help you identify patterns that are holding you back, such as feeling insecure or being easily angered. Once you’ve identified these patterns, you can work to change them.(注意你对别人的反应，什么让你快乐，什么让你不快乐。这可以帮助你识别阻碍你前进的模式，比如缺乏安全感或容易生气。一旦你确定了这些模式，你就可以努力改变它们)”可知，上一段陈述了一种关注自己内心世界的方法，而本段则是在陈述另外一种方法，因此D选项中Another way is to符合并列的条件，且本句的意思也与后面的“关注自己在人际交往中如何反应”相符合。故D选项“另一种方法是观察你在不同情况下的行为”符合语境，故选D。
10. 根据上文“An often overlooked yet very important factor in self-discovery is having healthy boundaries in your personal life.(自我发现的一个经常被忽视但非常重要的因素是在你的个人生活中有健康的界限)”以及后文“Clearly communicating your boundaries is also a way to show others that you are in control of your own behavior and can expect the same from them. This is a sign of maturity and respect, two characteristics that are key to having healthy relationships.(清楚地表达你的界限也是一种向别人表明你能控制自己的行为，并期望他们也能做到这一点的方式。这是成熟和尊重的标志，这两个特征是拥有健康关系的关键)”可知，前一句陈述要划定一个健康的人际关系界限，后一句则提及和别人划清界限意味着你能够很好地控制自己的行为并且也希望别人能够控制好自己的行为，这种行为能够既关注自己也关注别人，故E选项“它能让你专注于自己的需求，而不会忽视他人”符合语境，故选E。
（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）Once upon a time, sewing and mending clothes was common. 11 Why have people stopped mending their clothing Schools stopped offering home economics classes, technology boomed and fast fashion became increasingly popular. All of a sudden, it’s more inconvenient to fix something than it is to buy something new.
12 In the past few years, it seems there’s been growing interest in slow fashion—not only saving, but also sewing and mending. On one of the most pleasant corners of the internet, you’ll find lots of videos showcasing everything from visible mending to beginner sewing journeys.
Why should you learn to mend 13 As any eco expert will tell you, the best thing you can do is buy less to begin with. That means shopping for quality items that will stand the test of time, but also learning a few key skills so you can repair those items as needed rather than sentencing them to life in an already-overflowing landfill. It’s also helpful to customize (改制) secondhand items which might not be exactly the right size or a little out of date. 14
Beyond the functional benefits, mending is about using what you have, embracing imperfections, fixing what’s broken, and rejecting the idea that new er is better. The other aspect of mending is mindfulness. 15 It’s meditative (冥想的), slow work. It’s productive, and deeply satisfying. And an added bonus: It’s sustainable.
If you are interested in sewing and mending, it is the perfect time to learn the new skill. which can especially have a positive impact on the world.
A. But all hope is not lost.
B. Because it is a means of making a living.
C. Mending is a great way to reject consumerism.
D. Buying secondhand goods makes it possible to be sustainable.
E. This way, you may find yourself upcycling pieces into ones that suit you.
F. At some point in the last few decades, though, it became something of a lost art.
G. You focus on the task at hand and use your creativity to make your clothes unique.
【答案】11. F 12. A 13. C 14. E 15. G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了修补和缝纫衣服的好处。
11. 根据上文“Once upon a time, sewing and mending clothes was common.(曾几何时，缝纫和缝补衣服是很常见的)”以及后文“Why have people stopped mending their clothing (为什么人们不再缝补衣服了？)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出人们不再缝补衣服了。故F选项“然而，在过去几十年的某个时候，它成了一门失传的艺术”符合语境，故选F。
12. 根据上文“All of a sudden, it’s more inconvenient to fix something than it is to buy something new.(突然之间，修理东西比买新东西更不方便)”以及后文“In the past few years, it seems there’s been growing interest in slow fashion—not only saving, but also sewing and mending. On one of the most pleasant corners of the internet, you’ll find lots of videos showcasing everything from visible mending to beginner sewing journeys.(在过去的几年里，人们对慢时尚的兴趣似乎越来越大——不仅是省钱，还有缝纫和修补。在互联网最令人愉快的角落之一，你会发现很多视频，展示从可见的修补到初学者的缝纫之旅)”可知，本句与上一段最后一句构成转折，指出在过去几年，人们又开始进行缝纫了，故A选项“但并不是所有的希望都破灭了”符合语境，故选A。
13. 根据上文“Why should you learn to mend (你为什么要学会缝补？)”以及后文“As any eco expert will tell you, the best thing you can do is buy less to begin with.(正如任何一位生态专家都会告诉你的那样，你能做的最好的事情就是开始时少买)”可知，本句回答上文为什么要学会缝补的问题，结合后文提到少买，可知缝补可以避免太多消费。故C选项“缝补是拒绝消费主义的好方法”符合语境，故选C。
14. 根据上文“It’s also helpful to customize (改制) secondhand items which might not be exactly the right size or a little out of date.(定制尺寸不合适或有点过时的二手物品也很有帮助)”可知，上文提到了修改尺寸或二手物品，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明这么做的好处。故E选项“这样，你可能会发现自己把旧衣服升级成适合自己的衣服”符合语境，故选E。
15. 根据上文“The other aspect of mending is mindfulness.(修补的另一个方面是正念)”以及后文“It’s meditative (冥想的), slow work. It’s productive, and deeply satisfying.(这是一项沉思的、缓慢的工作。这是富有成效的，而且非常令人满意)”可知，本句承接上文，具体说明修补可以产生正念的具体内涵，故G选项“你专注于手头的工作，用你的创造力让你的衣服与众不同”符合语境，故选G。
（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Psychologists offer their best tips for working or making progress as planned, expected, or desired. Here is their guide to making and keeping your plans.
Don’t assume that your plan has to be ambitious. “What’s much more important than setting a grand goal, like running a marathon, is to set an immediate plan that you can start right away,” says Charles Duhigg, the author of The Power of Habit. “ 16 But many people fail to realize this.”
Whether you are making a new habit from scratch or changing an old habit, decide on the cue and the reward. “The cue could be a time, a place, or a feeling, while the reward must be instantaneous (即时的),” explains Wendy Wood, an expert from the University of Southern California. 17 The prize needs to be immediate, something that makes the behavior fun.
Make it easy. A recent study showed that people who travelled 8 km to the gym went once a month, but people who travelled 6 km went five or more times a month. That 2 km makes the difference between having a good exercise habit and not. 18 Thus, you’re more likely to achieve more.
Be less critical of yourself. According to an expert, the biggest barrier to new habits is self-criticism. 19 Research shows that you should be kind or supportive to yourself.
20 Gretchen Rubin, the author of Better Than Before, says it is crucial to avoid listening to the excuses that make your habits falter (动摇), for example, “I can’t go on a run tomorrow because I have to do another thing.” Recognizing them in advance can make them less powerful. That’s the thing about excuses when you realize you’re doing it, you’re much more likely to resist.
A. Spot your excuses.
B. People who do this tend to be rewarded.
C. Try to remove the barriers as best as you can.
D. Don’t buy a new pair of shoes at the end of the week.
E. It is related with less motivation and worse self-control.
F. That is how your habitual mind works and it has to be easy.
G. Start with baby steps like running half a mile every Monday morning
【答案】16. G 17. D 18. F 19. E 20. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了制定和执行计划的策略。
16. 根据空前的““What’s much more important than setting a grand goal, like running a marathon, is to set an immediate plan that you can start right away,” says Charles Duhigg, the author of The Power of Habit. (《习惯的力量》一书的作者查尔斯·杜希格说：“比设定一个宏伟的目标，比如跑马拉松，更重要的是制定一个你可以立即开始的计划。”)”可知，本空要说跟“立即开始的小目标”有关的话题，G项“Start with baby steps like running half a mile every Monday morning (从小步开始，比如每周一早上跑半英里)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
17. 根据上文的““The cue could be a time, a place, or a feeling, while the reward must be instantaneous (即时的),” explains Wendy Wood, an expert from the University of Southern California. (南加州大学的专家温迪·伍德解释说：“提示可以是一个时间、一个地点或一种感觉，而奖励必须是即时的。”)”和下文“The prize needs to be immediate, something that makes the behavior fun. (奖励必须是立竿见影的，能够让行为变得有趣。)”可知，本空要说跟“即时的奖励、立竿见影的奖励”有关的话题，D项“Don’t buy a new pair of shoes at the end of the week. (不要周末买一双新鞋。)”即买鞋不要等到周末，要即刻去买来奖励自己，能承上启下，符合题意。故选D。
18. 根据上文的“Make it easy. A recent study showed that people who travelled 8 km to the gym went once a month, but people who travelled 6 km went five or more times a month. That 2 km makes the difference between having a good exercise habit and not. (让它变得简单。最近的一项研究表明，去健身房步行8公里的人每月只去一次，而步行6公里的人每月去5次或更多。这两公里的距离决定了你是否有良好的运动习惯。)” 可知，本空要说跟“习惯性思维”有关的话题，F 项“That is how your habitual mind works and it has to be easy. (这就是你习惯性思维的运作方式，它必须很容易。)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选F。
19. 结合上文“Be less critical of yourself. According to an expert, the biggest barrier to new habits is self-criticism. (少苛责自己。一位专家表示，养成新习惯的最大障碍是自我批评。)”可知，本空要说跟“苛责自己”有关的话题，E项“It is related with less motivation and worse self-control. (它与动力不足和自制力较差有关。)”能承接上文，符合语境，It指的是“苛责自己”。故选E。
20. 根据空后“Gretchen Rubin, the author of Better Than Before, says it is crucial to avoid listening to the excuses that make your habits falter (动摇), for example, “I can’t go on a run tomorrow because I have to do another thing.” Recognizing them in advance can make them less powerful. That’s the thing about excuses when you realize you’re doing it, you’re much more likely to resist. (《比以前更好》一书的作者格雷琴·鲁宾说，重要的是不要听信那些让你的习惯动摇的借口，比如，“我明天不能去跑步，因为我还有别的事情要做。”提前识别它们可以使它们不那么强大。当你意识到你在找借口的时候，你就更有可能抗拒。)”可知，本空要说跟“借口”有关的话题，A 项“Spot your excuses. (找出你的借口)”能引起下文，符合语境。故选A。
（2024·江苏泰州·一模）Desire for success is a basic human nature. But hurdles are bound to come up on the way to success, discouraging you from your goal. 21 Here are some ways that may help you to be diligent and write your own success story.
First of all, having a clear vision is essential to be diligent in life. If you are not clear about what you want to achieve in life, you will lose direction, motivation and enthusiasm in life. 22 So if you want to gain diligence, you should make an effort to define your vision.
23 Proper planning enables us to turn most of the goals into reality without regrets in later part of life. Having a plan in advance, though, does not mean that you have to plan from start to finish. It means you should know in which direction you are heading.
Moreover, excuses are not going to keep you away from regrets in your later life. If you delay diligence because of your family responsibility, it simply means your goals are not in your priority list, which is why excuses are coming. 24 .
Finally, diligence is not the birthright of some privileged people but an option. 25 . Otherwise, you might unconsciously develop the habit of not being serious about bigger tasks as well. So now is the right time to start striving to be diligent in everything you do and ensure your success.
A. You have to be brave when encountering hurdles.
B. On the other hand, if you are, you will stay diligent.
C. You need to practice diligence even for the smallest task.
D. In fact, only those who are diligent can overcome them.
E. Diligence is the application of persistent effort on a task.
F. It is of the same importance to have a specific plan beforehand.
G. So follow your dreams with no excuse to live a happy and successful life.
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. F 24. G 25. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了每个人都渴望成功，但成功的路上必然会遇到障碍，只有勤奋的人才能克服障碍。作者给出了一些方法可以帮助人们变得勤奋，最后实现成功。
21. 根据上文“But hurdles are bound to come up on the way to success, discouraging you from your goal.”（但是，在通往成功的道路上必然会遇到障碍，阻碍你实现目标。）以及下文“Here are some ways that may help you to be diligent and write your own success story.”（这里有一些方法可以帮助你变得勤奋，让你书写自己的成功故事。）可知，这里缺少一个承上启下的句子。D项中的them指代前文中的hurdles，然后句中又指出只有diligent可以克服这些障碍，刚好起着承上启下的作用。D. In fact, only those who are diligent can overcome them.（事实上，只有那些勤奋的人才能克服它们。）符合语境。故选D项。
22. 根据上文“First of all, having a clear vision is essential to be diligent in life. If you are not clear about what you want to achieve in life, you will lose direction, motivation and enthusiasm in life.”（首先，在生活中，有一个清晰的愿景是勤奋必不可少的因素。如果你不清楚自己想要在生活中实现什么，你就会失去生活的方向、动力和热情。）可知，首先要有个明确的目标，才有勤奋努力的方向。B项中的On the other hand与上文形成对比， if you are省略了clear about what you want to achieve in life。所以B. On the other hand, if you are, you will stay diligent. （相反，如果清楚自己想要在生活中实现什，你会保持勤奋。）符合语境。故选B项。
23. 根据下文“Proper planning enables us to turn most of the goals into reality without regrets in later part of life. Having a plan in advance, though, does not mean that you have to plan from start to finish. It means you should know in which direction you are heading.”（适当的计划能让我们把大部分的目标变成现实，在以后的生活中没有遗憾。提前制定计划并不意味着你必须从头到尾都计划好。这意味着你应该知道你要朝哪个方向前进。）可知，空格处为总写句，指出提前做个计划非常重要。F项It is of the same importance to have a specific plan beforehand.（事先有一个具体的计划也是同样重要的。）符合语境。故选F项。
24. 根据上文“Moreover, excuses are not going to keep you away from regrets in your later life. If you delay diligence because of your family responsibility, it simply means your goals are not in your priority list, which is why excuses are coming.”（此外，借口并不能让你在以后的生活中远离遗憾。如果你因为家庭责任而推迟了勤奋，这仅仅意味着你的目标不在你的优先列表中，这也由此产生了借口。）可知，借口是成功路上的绊脚石，所以空格处为这一段的总结，告诉人们在追求成功的路上不要找借口。G. So follow your dreams with no excuse to live a happy and successful life.（所以，追随你的梦想吧，不要找借口，去过幸福成功的生活。）符合语境。故选G项。
25. 根据下文“Otherwise, you might unconsciously develop the habit of not being serious about bigger tasks as well.”（否则，你可能会无意识地养成不认真对待大任务的习惯。）句中Otherwise表示否则，C项中的small和下文的bigger形成鲜明的对比。C. You need to practice diligence even for the smallest task.（你需要练习勤奋，即使是最小的任务。）符合语境。故选C项。
（23-24高三下·江苏南通·开学考试）There are many reasons why some cats are bad-tempered. It’s commonly believed that their temperament can be influenced by the way they are born or raised. 26 According to veterinarian Dr Katrina Warren, the problem can generally be solved, but you’ll need to look for underlying issues.
Changes in a cat’s behaviour can often be explained by a health problem. Pain can cause cats to behave differently. It’s easy to mistake a problem as behavioural, which in fact is medical. Should you observe a significant change in your cat’s behaviour, then a visit to the vet is the best place to start. 27 Also hiding and avoiding being touched. Be sure to report all changes to your vet. There are many health problems that can be readily treated to ease symptoms and pain for your cat.
It pays to remember that cats don’t like to share or queue. Sharing of ‘resources’ such as litter trays and foodbowls can cause stress and anxiety for many cats. It’s always a good idea to provide each cat with their own litter box, food, water bowls and bed. A lack of space to hide from or avoid other cats, competition for territory and lack of individual attention can also add to household friction. 28
Moving to a new house, the arrival of a new baby, new pets and other types of change can seriously impact cat behaviour. Cats are creatures of habit and tend to be territorial. 29 Try to keep your cat’s environment as calm as possible and ensure there are places where they feel safe.
30 These are often cats that received limited socialisation with humans when they were kittens. These cats do best in a quiet household without children and need understanding and patience to help build their confidence.
A. Some cats simply do not like being touched and handled.
B. Watch out for changes in eating, drinking or litter-box habits.
C. When your cat seems lonely, you can hold it gently in your arms.
D. If so, offering the cat a high place to sit, such as a climbing tree, can be helpful.
E. So a change in routine may cause them to react, including withdrawal or aggression.
F. Don’t forget their incredible sense of smell, which is a useful tool of communication.
G. In fact, even the sweetest cats can suddenly become bad-tempered and behave out of character.
【答案】26. G 27. B 28. D 29. E 30. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了猫脾气暴躁的原因以及解决办法。
26. 根据上文“There are many reasons why some cats are bad-tempered. It’s commonly believed that their temperament can be influenced by the way they are born or raised.(有些猫脾气不好有很多原因。人们普遍认为，他们的气质会受到出生或成长方式的影响)”以及后文“According to veterinarian Dr Katrina Warren, the problem can generally be solved, but you’ll need to look for underlying issues.(根据兽医卡特里娜·沃伦博士的说法，这个问题通常是可以解决的，但你需要寻找潜在的问题)”可知，本句主要说明猫脾气暴躁的事情，后文给出解决方法。故G选项“事实上，即使是最可爱的猫也会突然变得脾气暴躁，行为反常”符合语境，故选G。
27. 根据上文“Changes in a cat’s behaviour can often be explained by a health problem. Pain can cause cats to behave differently. It’s easy to mistake a problem as behavioural, which in fact is medical. Should you observe a significant change in your cat’s behaviour, then a visit to the vet is the best place to start.(猫的行为变化通常可以用健康问题来解释。疼痛会导致猫的行为不同。人们很容易把一个问题误认为是行为问题，而实际上是医学问题。如果你观察到猫的行为有明显的变化，那么去看兽医是最好的开始)”可知，本句承接上文，具体说明应该注意猫的哪些变化。故B选项“注意饮食或猫砂盆习惯的变化”符合语境，故选B。
28. 根据上文“A lack of space to hide from or avoid other cats, competition for territory and lack of individual attention can also add to household friction.(缺乏躲避或躲避其他猫的空间，争夺地盘和缺乏个人关注也会增加家庭摩擦)”可知，上文提到了导致家庭摩擦的原因，本句为本段最后一句，故给出解决方案。故D选项“如果是这样，给猫提供一个高的地方坐，比如爬树，可能会有帮助”符合语境，故选D。
29. 根据上文“Cats are creatures of habit and tend to be territorial.(猫是有习惯的动物，往往有领地意识)”以及后文“Try to keep your cat’s environment as calm as possible and ensure there are places where they feel safe.(尽量让你的猫的环境保持平静，并确保有它们感到安全的地方)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出哪些情况会导致猫的习性反应，后文给出方法。故E选项“因此，日常生活的改变可能会引起他们的反应，包括退缩或攻击”符合语境，故选E。
30. 根据本段内容“These are often cats that received limited socialisation with humans when they were kittens. These cats do best in a quiet household without children and need understanding and patience to help build their confidence.(这些猫通常是小猫时与人类交往有限的猫。这些猫在没有孩子的安静家庭中表现最好，需要理解和耐心来帮助它们建立信心)”可知，本段主要说明了有些猫因为小时候没有和人类进行社交，所以导致天生不与人亲近的情况。故A选项“有些猫就是不喜欢被触摸和控制”符合语境，故选A。
（23-24高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试）People in a series of layers in colder weather often adopt “the layering system”. Wearing multiple thin layers will keep you warmer than a single thicker layer, because warm air gets trapped between each piece of fabric. It may sounds complicated to some extent. 31
32 The layer closest to your skin should trap warm air against your body. But you want the fabric to be breathable, especially when you’re doing exercise, to avoid sweat getting trapped against your skin. Our body’s built-in cooling system is to sweat when we get too warm, and when the sweat evaporates (蒸发), it cools us.
Choose your mid-layers. While the base layer is all about controlling sweat and evaporation, the mid-layer’s main priority should be maintaining warmth. 33 It is enough to keep warm in winter. But in really cold weather, some site s recommend adding a soft-shell jacket.
Buy the best outer-layer. 34 There is no doubt that you need to look for a coat that’s wind and rain-proof if you’re heading outdoors. The color isn’t really that important when it comes to heat regulation, but we recommend opting for something that fills you with cheer.
Top it off with a hat. Contrary to popular belief, studies suggest we actually lose more heat from our torsos (躯干) than from our heads. However, once you’ve nailed your other layers it’s still worth wearing a hat.
Add a blanket if you’re in the house. 35 A study of elderly hospitalized patients conducted Southern Illinois University School of Medicine found feels of being uncomfortable (in pain, being cold, or feeling anxious) were significantly reduced when a nice, warm blanket was provided.
A. Simple but effective.
B. Wear more layers if necessary.
C. And it can easily be achieved.
D. Select a breathable base layer.
E. But there are some effective tricks to make it.
F. The main function of it is to protect you from the elements.
G. A good one usually consists of one or two pieces of breathable woolen cloth.
【答案】31. E 32. D 33. G 34. F 35. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了穿多层衣服保暖是很复杂的一个过程，文中给出了如何挑选适合各层衣服的方法。
31. 上文“Wearing multiple thin layers will keep you warmer than a single thicker layer, because warm air gets trapped between each piece of fabric. It may sounds complicated to some extent.(穿多层薄薄的衣服会比穿一层更厚的衣服更保暖，因为温暖的空气会被困在每一块织物之间。在某种程度上，这听起来可能很复杂)”以及下文中给出的方法说明如何选择穿多层衣服保暖是一个复杂的过程，但是文中给出了建议。E项“但也有一些有效的技巧可以做到这一点。”符合语境。故选E。
32. 下文“The layer closest to your skin should trap warm air against your body. But you want the fabric to be breathable, especially when you’re doing exercise, to avoid sweat getting trapped against your skin.(最靠近皮肤的那层应该能锁住温暖的空气。但你希望面料透气，尤其是在锻炼时，避免汗液滞留在皮肤上)”说明靠近皮肤的那层衣服需要透气。D项“选择透气的基层。”适合作本段的主旨句，统领全段。故选D。
33. 上文“While the base layer is all about controlling sweat and evaporation, the mid-layer’s main priority should be maintaining warmth. (虽然底层主要是控制汗液和蒸发，但中层的首要任务应该是保持温暖)”说明选择的中间层衣服应该以保暖为主。空处承上启下，G项中的“A good one”指代前文中的“the mid-layer”，而下文中的It指代该项中的“one or two pieces of breathable woolen cloth”，说明好的中间层通常由一两块透气的毛布组成。故选G。
34. 上文“Buy the best outer-layer.(买最好的外层)”说明外层的衣服很重要。空处承接前文，F项中的it指代前文中的“outer-layer”，说明外层衣服的功能是保护你免受恶劣天气的影响。所以F项“它的主要功能是保护你免受恶劣天气的影响。”符合语境。故选F。
35. 下文“A study of elderly hospitalized patients conducted Southern Illinois University School of Medicine found feels of being uncomfortable (in pain, being cold, or feeling anxious) were significantly reduced when a nice, warm blanket was provided.(南伊利诺伊大学医学院对住院的老年患者进行的一项研究发现，当提供一条漂亮、温暖的毯子时，不舒服（疼痛、寒冷或焦虑）的感觉会显著减少)”说明毯子的作用。空处承上启下，说明放一条毯子很简单，但是非常有效果。A项“简单但有效。”符合语境。故选A。
（2024·江苏连云港·一模）The wide consensus (共识) across all generations is that good health is the absolute top priority in life, outranking money, education and career. 36 We have to work for it. If you’re hesitating over your New Year’s resolutions, we’ve got tips.
Refine (完善) your goal. There’s an evidence-based technique to help you refine your goals and see them through by setting up a system to track your progress. This can improve the likelihood of success. It’s called the SMART goal process. One common problem is setting an unrealistic goal. 37
Shift your attitude. Even if you’re off to a slow start this year, embrace optimism. A study published found optimists live longer. There’s literally a longevity (长寿) boost to staying positive among challenges. And what’s the connection to resolutions 38 Optimistic individuals tend to have goals and the confidence to reach them, the researchers conclude.
Find a group. If you aim to eat better or drink less, your chances of success are higher if the people around you are on board too. 39 Research shows people are more likely to reach body weight goals and maintain weight loss if they’re part of a group effort.
40 It’s easy to wish for the magic medicine or the super-food that can lead us to great health quickly. The reality is that our daily habits influence our health a lot more than we realize. The science shows that people who followed the habits of sleeping soundly, eating well, staying actively, limiting alcohol and reducing screen time cut the risk of disease by more than 50%.
A. But good health isn’t a gift.
B. Lifestyle choices matter to our mind.
C. Small habit changes help shape good health.
D. Practicing optimism may help enhance your confidence.
E. There’s a strong link between optimism and healthy behaviors.
F. This technique helps you commit to one that’s actually achievable.
G. We social creatures tend to mirror the behaviors of those closest to us.
【答案】36. A 37. F 38. E 39. G 40. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。健康是生活中最重要的事情，比金钱、教育和事业更重要，但是要通过努力才能获得，文章介绍了让身体更健康的几条建议。
36. 由上文“The wide consensus (共识) across all generations is that good health is the absolute top priority in life, outranking money, education and career.(各代人的广泛共识是，健康绝对是生活中最重要的事情，比金钱、教育和事业更重要。)”以及下文“We have to work for it. (我们必须为之努力。)”可知，健康是生活中最重要的事情，但是要通过努力才能得到；A选项“But good health isn’t a gift.(但健康不是轻而易举的事。)”指出健康不是轻而易举就能得到的，符合语境，选项中“it”指代上文“good health”。故选A。
37. 上文“There’s an evidence-based technique to help you refine your goals and see them through by setting up a system to track your progress. This can improve the likelihood of success. It’s called the SMART goal process. One common problem is setting an unrealistic goal. (有一种基于证据的技术可以帮助你完善你的目标，并通过建立一个系统来跟踪你的进展。这可以提高成功的可能性。这被称为SMART目标过程。一个常见的问题是设定一个不切实际的目标。)”指出常见的问题是设定一个不切实际的目标，而被称为SMART目标过程是一种基于证据的技术，可以帮助你完善你的目标，并通过建立一个系统来跟踪你的进展；F选项“This technique helps you commit to one that’s actually achievable.(这个技巧可以帮助你致力于一个真正可以实现的目标。)”指出这项技巧能够解决上句所说的目标不切实际的常见问题，符合语境；选项中的“This technique”指代上文“an evidence-based technique”，“one that’s actually achievable”与上一句中“an unrealistic goal”相对应。故选F。
38. 上文“A study published found optimists live longer. There’s literally a longevity (长寿) boost to staying positive among challenges. And what’s the connection to resolutions (发表的一项研究发现，乐观主义者寿命更长。在面对挑战时保持积极的态度真的能让你长寿。这和决心有什么关系呢 )”指出，研究表明乐观主义者寿命更长，并提出问题——这和决心有什么关系呢？E选项“There’s a strong link between optimism and healthy behaviors.(乐观和健康行为之间有着密切的联系。)”回答上一句提出的问题，指出乐观和健康行为之间有着密切的联系，符合语境。故选E。
39. 由上文“If you aim to eat better or drink less, your chances of success are higher if the people around you are on board too.(如果你的目标是吃得更好或喝得更少，如果你周围的人也参与进来，你成功的几率就会更高。)”以及下文“Research shows people are more likely to reach body weight goals and maintain weight loss if they’re part of a group effort.(研究表明，如果人们是集体努力的一部分，他们更有可能达到体重目标并保持减肥效果。)”可知，如果和周围人一起去做一件事，彼此会互相影响，成功率更高；G选项“We social creatures tend to mirror the behaviors of those closest to us.(我们这些社会生物倾向于模仿我们最亲近的人的行为。)”指出我们会模仿周围亲近人的行为，符合语境，也解释了让周围人也参与进来你的成功几率就会更高的原因。故选G。
40. 文章结构分析可知，设空处为本段主旨句；由下文“It’s easy to wish for the magic medicine or the super-food that can lead us to great health quickly. The reality is that our daily habits influence our health a lot more than we realize. The science shows that people who followed the habits of sleeping soundly, eating well, staying actively, limiting alcohol and reducing screen time cut the risk of disease by more than 50%.(人们很容易希望有神奇的药物或超级食物能让我们迅速恢复健康。事实上，我们的日常习惯对健康的影响比我们意识到的要大得多。科学表明，那些养成良好睡眠、健康饮食、积极运动、限制饮酒和减少看屏幕时间习惯的人，患病风险可降低50%以上。)”可知，本段主要阐述我们日常习惯对健康有很大的影响，生活中良好的习惯有益于身体健康；C选项“Small habit changes help shape good health.(小习惯的改变有助于塑造良好的健康。)”指出小习惯的改变有助于健康，能够概括本段主旨，适合作为主旨句。故选C。
（2024·江苏南通·一模）Learning how to apologize is similar to learning any new behavior. It may feel awkward and may not be polished at first. 41 There are several tips that will help you as you learn how to apologize.
First of all, wait until the right time and you are in the right place. Although public apology is often appropriate, discretion (谨慎) should be used. 42 Remember, you will be raising a topic that may recall a bad experience or bad feelings. Be respectful as you approach this task.
Be direct and brief in your approach. Acknowledge the fact that injury has occurred and then take responsibility for what happened. Be sincere in expressing your regret and demonstrate your willingness to take ownership of the situation. 43
Even if you follow these steps, be prepared for rejection. Sometimes, the person apologizing has an expectation that the apology will lead to immediate forgiveness and acceptance. 44 If you think of the offense (冒犯) as an emotional bruise (瘀伤), think of the healing process as the color changes we see as a bruise heals.
45 Knowing when to keep one’s mouth shut is a virtue. Keeping quiet may be very difficult, as post-apology listening is not easy. We may hear unpleasant observations from another about our own shortcomings. We may hear the expression of anger. One of the ways we let others know we are truly responsible and accountable for our mistakes is by listening to the other party pour out the feelings associated with our actions.
A. Forgiveness and acceptance may take time.
B. To give or receive a good apology is an art.
C. But with practice, everyone can learn to do it.
D. Listening to the response to our apologies is important.
E. Most apologies can and should happen in a private setting.
F. In other words, avoid excuses and offer to repair the damage.
G. Taking responsibility doesn’t mean accepting blame for everything.
【答案】41. C 42. E 43. F 44. A 45. D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以帮助你学习如何道歉的技巧。
41. 上文“Learning how to apologize is similar to learning any new behavior. It may feel awkward and may not be polished at first.(学习如何道歉与学习任何新行为类似。一开始可能会感觉别扭，可能没有被打磨好。)”指出学习道歉一开始可能会让你感到别扭，下文“There are several tips that will help you as you learn how to apologize.(当您学习如何道歉时，有一些技巧可以帮助您。)”指出有些技巧可以帮助您学习道歉，这说明通过学习就能学会如何道歉，C项“但通过练习，每个人都可以学会这样做。”符合，承上启下，故选C。
42. 上文“First of all, wait until the right time and you are in the right place. Although public apology is often appropriate, discretion (谨慎) should be used.(首先，等到合适的时间和地点。尽管公开道歉通常是合适的，但仍应谨慎行事。)”指出公开道歉需要谨慎行事，要等到合适的时间和地点，空处承接上文，E项“大多数道歉可以而且应该在私人场合进行。”符合，具体介绍了在什么地点适合公开道歉，故选E。
43. 上文“Acknowledge the fact that injury has occurred and then take responsibility for what happened. Be sincere in expressing your regret and demonstrate your willingness to take ownership of the situation. (承认已经发生伤害的事实，然后对所发生的事情承担责任。真诚地表达你的遗憾，并表明你愿意对事情负责。)”可知，道歉时要承认已经发生伤害的事实，并承担自己的责任，这说明不要为自己找借口，要主动承担责任，修复问题，F项“换句话说，避免找借口并主动修复损坏。”符合，故选F。
44. 上文“Even if you follow these steps, be prepared for rejection. Sometimes, the person apologizing has an expectation that the apology will lead to immediate forgiveness and acceptance.(即使您遵循这些步骤，也要做好被拒绝的准备。有时，道歉的人期望道歉会立即得到原谅和接受。)”可知，要做好被拒绝的准备，道歉的人期望会立即得到原谅且被接受，但是原谅和接受是需要时间的，A项“原谅和接受可能需要时间。”符合，承接上文，故选A。
45. 此处是本段中心句，下文“Knowing when to keep one’s mouth shut is a virtue. Keeping quiet may be very difficult, as post-apology listening is not easy. We may hear unpleasant observations from another about our own shortcomings. We may hear the expression of anger. One of the ways we let others know we are truly responsible and accountable for our mistakes is by listening to the other party pour out the feelings associated with our actions.(知道什么时候闭嘴是一种美德。保持安静可能非常困难，因为道歉后倾听并不容易。我们可能会听到别人对我们自己的缺点提出不愉快的评论。我们可能会听到愤怒的表情。我们让别人知道我们真正对自己的错误负有责任和负责的方法之一是倾听对方倾诉与我们的行为相关的感受。)”可知，本段主要介绍道歉时要倾听别人，D项“倾听对我们道歉的回应很重要。”符合，故选D。
（23-24高三下·江苏镇江·阶段练习）Winter can cause damage to your skin, and it can feel like there’s no escape. 46 Happily, there are many ways to deal with dry skin and keep yourself comfortable.
Use a humidifier (加湿器) to increase humidity.
In the cooler winter months, a humidifier in your home or office will restore moisture to the air, helping to keep your skin hydrated (含水的).
Run a humidifier in your entire home or in rooms you spend the most time in, and aim to keep indoor humidity levels between 30 and 50 percent. 47 If you’re unsure of your home’s humidity levels, you can buy a humidity meter.
Keep thermostat (恒温器) temperatures cool and comfortable.
If you’re looking to escape dry, cold outdoor air, you are likely to turn on the heat as soon as you get home. 48 Try a cool yet comfortable setting to prevent your skin from drying further-the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology recommends 68 to 75 degrees F.
49
Long, steamy showers may sound like a great idea when it’s cold, but very hot water can dry out the skin. A 5-to 10-minute warm shower is less likely to worsen dry skin than a hot one.
You should also avoid using excessively hot water to wash your hands. Dry skin from exposure to hot water or cool winter air can cause an eczema (湿疹). 50
If you still experience dryness, discomfort, and redness after trying these healthy skin tips, experts suggest using an over-the-counter I percent hydrocortisone cream or talking with your doctor.
A. Firstly, apply hand cream after each washing.
B. It’s quite unusual to find your skin red and dry in winter.
C. One option is to turn it on overnight while you’re sleeping.
D. Lower water temperatures for showering and hand-washing.
E. But high central heat can make the air in your house even drier.
F. Cooler water seems to be as effective and is more friendly to the skin.
G. Even the things that make winter wonderful, such as sitting by a roaring fire, can dry your skin.
【答案】46. G 47. C 48. E 49. D 50. F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个在冬季也能处理皮肤干燥并保持舒适的方法。
46. 由上文“Winter can cause damage to your skin, and it can feel like there's no escape.(冬天会对你的皮肤造成伤害，而且感觉无处可逃。)”以及后文“Happily, there are many ways to deal with dry skin and keep yourself comfortable.(令人高兴的是，有很多方法可以处理皮肤干燥并保持舒适。)”可知，空前提到了皮肤在冬季可能会出现不舒服的感觉，空处后提到了处理皮肤干燥并保持舒服的方法。G项Even the things that make winter wonderful, such as sitting by a roaring fire, can dry your skin.(即使是那些让冬天变得美好的事情，比如坐在熊熊燃烧的火炉旁，也会使你的皮肤干燥。)符合文意，该项提到了在冬季会让皮肤变得干燥的原因，引出后文中对抗皮肤干燥以及解决问题的方法，起到承上启下的作用。故选G项。
47. 由上文“Use a humidifier (加湿器)to increase humidity.(使用加湿器增加湿度)”可知，该段提到了加湿器能在一定程度上改善皮肤干燥的状况，再由上文“Run a humidifier in your entire home or in rooms you spend the most time in, and aim to keep indoor humidity levels between 30 and 50 percent.(在你的整个家或你呆的时间最长的房间里安装一个加湿器，目标是将室内湿度保持在30%到50%之间)”可知，加湿器可以将室内湿度保持在30%到50%之间。C项One option is to turn it on overnight while you're sleeping.(一种选择是在你睡觉的时候把它打开过夜)符合语境，其中it指代上文a humidifier，有承上作用。故选C项。
48. 由上文“If you’re looking to escape dry, cold outdoor air, you are likely to turn on the heat as soon as you get home. (如果你想逃离干燥、寒冷的室外空气，你很可能一回家就打开暖气)”可知，为了避寒可以打开暖气，E项But high central heat can make the air in your house even drier.(但是，高的中心热量会使你家的空气更加干燥。)符合语境，指出暖气会让皮肤干燥。故选E项。
49. 由下文“Long, steamy showers may sound like a great idea when it’s cold, but very hot water can dry out the skin. A 5-to 10-minute warm shower is less likely to worsen dry skin than a hot one.(在寒冷的时候，长时间的蒸汽淋浴听起来可能是个好主意，但热水会使皮肤变干。与热水淋浴相比，5到10分钟的温水淋浴不太可能恶化干燥的皮肤)”以及“You should also avoid using excessively hot water to wash your hands. Dry skin from exposure to hot water or cool winter air can cause an eczema(湿疹). (你也应该避免用过热的水洗手。皮肤因暴露在热水或凉爽的冬季空气中而干燥会导致湿疹)”可知，这里主要讲避免长时间热水洗澡和用过热水洗手。D项Lower water temperatures for showering and hand-washing.(降低淋浴和洗手的水温。)符合语境，对下文有总括作用。故选D项。
50. 由上文“You should also avoid using excessively hot water to wash your hands. Dry skin from exposure to hot water or cool winter air can cause an eczema (湿疹). (你也应该避免用过热的水洗手。皮肤因暴露在热水或凉爽的冬季空气中而干燥会导致湿疹。)”可知，这里主要讲避免用过热的水洗手，F项Cooler water seems to be as effective and is more friendly to the skin.(冷水似乎同样有效，对皮肤更友好)符合语境，其中Cooler water与上文excessively hot water to对应，有承上作用。故选F项。
（23-24高三下·江苏南京·阶段练习）Most of us have a map of the world in our mind that we use any time we think about places. 51 In fact, many of the maps in our heads share the same errors, some of which are quite large and surprisingly resistant to correction.
For example, we all believe that South America is just south of North America, of course. But you may be surprised by the fact that virtually the entire South American continent is east of Florida. There are lots of possible reasons for geographical misconceptions like this one, says cartographer (地图绘制员) John Nelson. 52 After all it’s not called Southeast America.
Europe is also often placed much farther south on mental maps than it really is. But it actually lines up better with Canada. 53 Western Europe is relatively warm for its latitude (纬度) thanks to the Gulf Stream which brings warmer water from the Gulf of Mexico across the Atlantic. The warmer temperatures are more similar to the climate of the lower 48 states than Canada’s.
54 We also have misconceptions about the relative size of things. This may be due in part to the nature of 2D maps. Flattening a 3D globe onto a flat surface isn’t possible without some distortion (变形). This is especially obvious for maps that use certain projections.
Mercator maps distort the shape and relative size of continents, particularly near the poles. This is why Greenland appears to be similar in size to all of South America on Mercator maps. 55
A. Locations aren’t the only way our mental maps can be wrong.
B. But these mental maps aren’t necessarily dependable.
C. Nelson says that climate might play a role in this misunderstanding.
D. In fact, South America is more than eight times larger than Greenland.
E. He believes the misplaced Americas may be partly a result of their names.
F. However, our physical experience of the world may come into play as well.
G. None of these geographic misconceptions would be surprising for a student.
【答案】51. B 52. E 53. C 54. A 55. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们对于世界地图存在误解，解释了这些误解产生的原因。
51. 根据上文“Most of us have a map of the world in our mind that we use any time we think about places.(我们大多数人在脑海中都有一张世界地图，每当我们想到地方时，我们就会使用它)”以及后文“In fact, many of the maps in our heads share the same errors, some of which are quite large and surprisingly resistant to correction.(事实上，我们头脑中的许多地图都有同样的错误，其中一些相当大，而且令人惊讶地难以纠正)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出我们脑海中的地图并不可靠，存在错误。故B选项“但是这些心理地图不一定是可靠的”符合语境，故选B。
52. 根据上文“For example, we all believe that South America is just south of North America, of course. But you may be surprised by the fact that virtually the entire South American continent is east of Florida. There are lots of possible reasons for geographical misconceptions like this one, says cartographer (地图绘制员) John Nelson.(例如，我们都认为南美洲就在北美洲的南面。但你可能会感到惊讶的是，几乎整个南美大陆都在佛罗里达州以东。制图师约翰·纳尔逊说，造成这种地理上的误解有很多可能的原因)”以及后文“After all it’s not called Southeast America.(毕竟它不叫东南美洲)”可知，本句主要承接上文，制图师John Nelson解释上文提到的这种错误的原因。故E选项“他认为美洲错位的部分原因可能是它们的名字”符合语境，故选E。
53. 根据上文“Europe is also often placed much farther south on mental maps than it really is. But it actually lines up better with Canada.(在人们的思维地图上，欧洲往往被置于比实际位置更靠南的位置。但它实际上更符合加拿大)”以及后文“Western Europe is relatively warm for its latitude (纬度) thanks to the Gulf Stream which brings warmer water from the Gulf of Mexico across the Atlantic. The warmer temperatures are more similar to the climate of the lower 48 states than Canada’s.(由于墨西哥湾暖流从墨西哥湾穿过大西洋带来了温暖的海水，西欧在纬度上相对温暖。比起加拿大，温暖的气温更接近美国本土48个州的气候)”可知，后文主要是从气候的角度解释了人们认为“欧洲往往被置于比实际位置更靠南的位置”的原因。故C选项“纳尔逊说，气候可能在这种误解中发挥了作用”符合语境，故选C。
54. 根据后文“We also have misconceptions about the relative size of things. This may be due in part to the nature of 2D maps. Flattening a 3D globe onto a flat surface isn’t possible without some distortion (变形). This is especially obvious for maps that use certain projections.(我们对事物的相对大小也有误解。这可能部分是由于2D地图的性质。如果没有一些失真，就不可能将3D球体平铺到平面上。这对于使用特定投影的地图来说尤其明显)”可知，后文解释了另一种人们大脑地图出错的原因是我们对事物的相对大小有误解。故A选项“位置并不是我们大脑地图出错的唯一原因”符合语境，故选A。
55. 根据上文“Mercator maps distort the shape and relative size of continents, particularly near the poles. This is why Greenland appears to be similar in size to all of South America on Mercator maps.(墨卡托地图扭曲了大陆的形状和相对大小，特别是在两极附近。这就是为什么格陵兰岛在墨卡托地图上看起来和整个南美洲的大小差不多)”可知，上文提到格陵兰岛在墨卡托地图上看起来和整个南美洲的大小差不多，本句为本段最后一句，故说明两者的实际大小。故D选项“事实上，南美洲比格陵兰岛大八倍多”符合语境，故选D。
（23-24高三下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）In 2050, one in four people will be over 60 in the Asia-Pacific region. Are countries there prepared to fully address the needs of older persons so that they age with dignity
In the past, senior citizens might have been supported by their families and communities. Yet times are changing.
56 Meanwhile, more and more governments are wrestling with increasing healthcare costs and a decreasing workforce.
More than ever, there is an urgent need for policy reform in addressing population aging. This must be driven by a shift in mindset to turn the challenges into a demographic opportunity.
57 More and more people are living longer due to the advancements in health, nutrition, economic and social well-being. 58 This is due to a variety of reasons such as challenges in striking a work-life balance to not being able to afford having more children. However, low fertility and longer life expectancy are not the problem. The real problem is not being ready to face this rapidly changing demographic shift.
It is noteworthy that, in the Asia-Pacific, with more than half of the older population being women, it is crucial to adopt a life-cycle approach to population aging, grounded in gender equality and human rights. Investing in each stage of life determines the path of a woman’s life course. When a girl has access to quality education, it helps her make informed decisions about life-changing matters. 59
While there is no single comprehensive policy that can address population aging, we need to take action now. 60 In so doing, countries in the Asia-Pacific region can hope for, and achieve, a better future for all, where no one is left behind.
A. Couples are having fewer babies.
B. Pensions are increasing, pressuring governments further.
C. We must rethink population aging, celebrating it as the victory of development.
D. Migration and urbanization have shifted traditional support systems for the elderly.
E. The decisions she makes paves the way towards a healthier and wealthier silver age.
F. We must invest in better policies that focus on the needs of people at every age of their life.
G. Life-long gender discrimination leaves women even more disadvantaged in an aging society.
【答案】56. D 57. C 58. A 59. E 60. F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章谈论了亚太地区人口老龄化的话题，到2050年，老年人数量会翻番，说明了其背后的原因，还提出了应对老龄化的措施。
56. 根据上文“In the past, senior citizens might have been supported by their families and communities. Yet times are changing.(在过去，老年人可能是由他们的家庭和社区养活的。然而，时代在变化)”以及后文“Meanwhile, more and more governments are wrestling with increasing healthcare costs and a decreasing workforce.(与此同时，越来越多的政府正在努力应对不断上涨的医疗成本和不断减少的劳动力)”可知，本句承接上文，具体说明养活老年人的体系发生了哪些变化。故D选项“移民和城市化改变了传统的老年人支持体系”符合语境，故选D。
57. 根据后文“More and more people are living longer due to the advancements in health, nutrition, economic and social well-being.(由于健康、营养、经济和社会福利方面的进步，越来越多的人寿命更长)”可知，后文提到了因为健康、营养、经济和社会福利方面的进步，越来越多的人寿命更长，即老龄化是社会进步的体现，故C选项“我们必须重新思考人口老龄化，把它当作发展的胜利来庆祝”符合语境，故选C。
58. 根据后文“This is due to a variety of reasons such as challenges in striking a work-life balance to not being able to afford having more children. However, low fertility and longer life expectancy are not the problem. The real problem is not being ready to face this rapidly changing demographic shift.(这是由多种原因造成的，比如难以平衡工作与生活，或者无法负担更多的孩子。然而，低生育率和较长的预期寿命并不是问题所在。真正的问题是没有准备好面对这种快速变化的人口结构转变)”可知，后文解释了为什么孩子变少的原因，可知本句是在说明孩子变少的现象。故A选项“夫妇生的孩子越来越少”符合语境，故选A。
59. 根据上文“Investing in each stage of life determines the path of a woman’s life course. When a girl has access to quality education, it helps her make informed decisions about life-changing matters.(在人生的每个阶段投资决定了一个女人的人生道路。当一个女孩有机会接受优质教育时，这有助于她在改变人生的事情上做出明智的决定)”可知，本句总结上文，指出女性所作出的一系列决定对她人生的影响。故E选项“她所做的决定为她走向更健康、更富裕的老年生活铺平了道路”符合语境，故选E。
60. 根据上文“While there is no single comprehensive policy that can address population aging, we need to take action now.(虽然没有单一的综合政策可以解决人口老龄化问题，但我们现在需要采取行动)”以及后文“In so doing, countries in the Asia-Pacific region can hope for, and achieve, a better future for all, where no one is left behind.(只有这样，亚太地区各国才能期待并实现人人享有一个不让任何人掉队的更美好未来)”可知，本句承接上文，具体说明应该采取哪些行为解决人口老龄化问题。故F选项“我们必须投资于更好的政策，关注人们在生命中各个年龄段的需求”符合语境，故选F。
（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）The fear of elevators is actually one of the most common phobias (恐惧症) experienced today. 61 When combined with other conditions, the fear of elevators is very frequent.
62 Some may be frightened of being up so high. Others may be afraid of the enclosed space. Still others are afraid to be close to other people. Since so many people suffer from the fear of elevators, there may be support groups in some areas. These are most common in cities with lots of tall buildings where riding an elevator is almost impossible to avoid in day-to-day life. 63
Usually, the fear of elevators can be treated. Let sufferers visualize riding an elevator and picture the aspects which are frightening. Then they may be required to involve themselves in the part that scares them most. For example, someone who is afraid of heights may start by climbing a ladder over and over again. 64 Next, they move on to a greater height, such as climbing a tree. As they experience greater and greater levels, their fear may become lessened. Finally, they will be able to enter an elevator.
Sometimes just stepping into it is a start. At other times, they will be asked to ride up a few flights. 65 But they can use methods which work when accomplishing smaller goals. Finally, after many attempts, riding an elevator may not cause anxiety at all.
A. Many aspects may cause fear in sufferers.
B. By now, you have identified what scares you most.
C. This will likely still cause anxiety the first few times
D. Sufferers usually force themselves to face their fears.
E. They can stop this process when it causes little anxiety.
F. In these locations, the fear of elevators can affect everyday activities.
G. It may present itself with another fear, such as the fear of limited spaces.
【答案】61. G 62. A 63. F 64. E 65. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了克服电梯恐惧的方法。
61. 根据上文“The fear of elevators is actually one of the most common phobias (恐惧症) experienced today.(对电梯的恐惧实际上是当今最常见的恐惧症之一。)”以及后文“When combined with other conditions, the fear of elevators is very frequent.(当结合其他情况时，对电梯的恐惧是非常频繁的。)”可知，电梯恐惧可能与其他恐惧相结合，由此可知，空处提到了另一种有关的恐惧。G选项“It may present itself with another fear, such as the fear of limited spaces.(它可能会表现出另一种恐惧，比如对有限空间的恐惧。)”中提到了另一种恐惧，其中It指代上文phobias。故G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
62. 根据后文“Some may be frightened of being up so high. Others may be afraid of the enclosed space. Still others are afraid to be close to other people.(有些人可能害怕高。其他人可能会害怕封闭的空间。还有一些人害怕与他人亲近。)”可知，后文列举了不同人不同的恐惧，本句为本段第一句，应总起下文，说明乘电梯的很多方面的问题都会引起人的恐惧，A选项“Many aspects may cause fear in sufferers.(许多方面可能会引起患者的恐惧。)”说明乘电梯的很多方面会引起不同的人不同的恐惧，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选A。
63. 空前“These are most common in cities with lots of tall buildings where riding an elevator is almost impossible to avoid in day-to-day life.(这在高楼林立的城市里最为常见，在这些城市里，日常生活中几乎不可能避免乘坐电梯。)”说明在城市里，几乎不可能避免乘电梯，空格处应该说明不能避免乘电梯会对人有什么影响，F选项“In these locations, the fear of elevators can affect everyday activities.(在这些地方，对电梯的恐惧会影响日常活动。)”中的these locations指代空前的tall buildings，说明了在这些地方，乘电梯的恐惧会影响人的日常活动，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
64. 根据上文“For example, someone who is afraid of heights may start by climbing a ladder over and over again.(例如，一个恐高的人可能会一遍又一遍地爬梯子)”以及后文“Next, they move on to a greater height, such as climbing a tree. As they experience greater and greater levels, their fear may become lessened. Finally, they will be able to enter an elevator.(接下来，它们会爬到更高的地方，比如爬树。当他们体验到越来越高的层次时，他们的恐惧可能会减少。最后，他们将能够进入电梯。)”可知，上文提到了先通过爬梯子来减少恐高，然后再通过爬树灯来克服更高的高度。由此可知，当对爬梯子的恐惧减少后，可以进入下一个挑战。E选项“They can stop this process when it causes little anxiety.(当这个过程不会引起焦虑时，他们可以停止这个过程。)”说明了当爬梯子不再恐惧后就可以停止爬楼梯，然后进行空后所说的事情，即爬到更高的地方，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
65. 根据空前“Sometimes just stepping into it is a start. At other times, they will be asked to ride up a few flights.(有时候，进入它也是一个开始。在其他时候，他们会被要求乘坐几层楼。)”以及空后“But they can use methods which work when accomplishing smaller goals. Finally, after many attempts, riding an elevator may not cause anxiety at all.But they can use methods which work when accomplishing smaller goals. Finally, after many attempts, riding an elevator may not cause anxiety at all.(但是当他们完成较小的目标时，他们可以使用有效的方法。最后，经过多次尝试，乘坐电梯可能根本不会引起焦虑。)”可知，步入电梯是一个开始，但如何要克服电梯恐惧，《备战2024年高考英语名校真题零失误规范训练》（江苏专用）
专题12 阅读理解七选五最新真题模拟16篇题（干货+模拟）
原卷版
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
七选五解题步骤
一、通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。
在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题有重要意义。
二、详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。
文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词，关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组）、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。
三、定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语。
根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。
四、通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
五、确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
七选五思维导图
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！
（2024·江苏南京·一模）Pursue Your Dreams Today, Not Tomorrow
Have you caught yourself daydreaming about your dreams We often postpone our dreams, trapped in a cycle of delay. But why wait 1 You don’t have to take a huge, life-changing step. You can take minute steps toward a brighter future. And start right now.
2 If you never try, you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets. You’re always going to wonder how your life would’ve turned out if you actually took a chance on yourself. Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.
It doesn’t matter how old you are or how many people have warned you that you’re never going to succeed. Even the most successful people have had their hesitations about whether they had what it took to make it in their field. 3 Embrace a mindset of determination, knowing that success is within your reach.
At the end of the day, you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction. If you allow your fear to get the best of you, you’re never going to forgive yourself. 4 . It’s what you would encourage your friends to do, so why aren’t you giving yourself that same push
Sometimes, following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day. It may require making slight adjustments to your schedule, but you don’t have to sacrifice everything to follow your hearts. Try to strike a balance between your current life and your dreams. 5
Pursue your dreams now, even though that means you might need to break out of your comfort zone, and even though it means entering the unknown.
A. Ask yourself what would be worse.
B. Starting small is completely acceptable.
C. You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams.
D. New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
E. If things go well, you can gradually make further shifts.
F. You need to move past your insecurities and explore your full potential.
G. Hard as it is, it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind.
（2024·江苏连云港·二模）Discovering Your True Self Is Vital to Happiness!
Have you found focusing on yourself is at the bottom of the to-do list, because you feel everyone else in your life comes first 6 Now is exactly the perfect time to get to know yourself in order to understand yourself.
This isn’t just about identifying your favorite outfit, haircut or flavor of ice cream. 7 It’s an opportunity for personal growth that can help you make better choices for your wellbeing and lifelong happiness.
There are many tools to help you develop a deeper sense of yourself, including journaling and other forms of creative expression. You can use a guided journal to explore your thoughts and feelings or just free write whatever comes to mind. It’s up to you what you want to do. 8 .
9 Take note of how you respond to people, what makes you happy, and what makes you unhappy. This can help you identify patterns that are holding you back, such as feeling insecure or being easily angered. Once you’ve identified these patterns, you can work to change them.
An often overlooked yet very important factor in self-discovery is having healthy boundaries in your personal life. 10 Clearly communicating your boundaries is also a way to show others that you are in control of your own behavior and can expect the same from them. This is a sign of maturity and respect, two characteristics that are key to having healthy relationships.
A. It’s one thing to know your personality type.
B. It’s a great way to show that you care about others.
C. Taking time for ourselves has been looked down upon.
D. Another way is to observe your behavior in different situations.
E. It allows you to focus on the needs of yourself without ignoring others.
F. But try not to get caught up in the criticism or judgment of your writing.
G. It’s about understanding your inner world and how you fit into the outer world.
（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）Once upon a time, sewing and mending clothes was common. 11 Why have people stopped mending their clothing Schools stopped offering home economics classes, technology boomed and fast fashion became increasingly popular. All of a sudden, it’s more inconvenient to fix something than it is to buy something new.
12 In the past few years, it seems there’s been growing interest in slow fashion—not only saving, but also sewing and mending. On one of the most pleasant corners of the internet, you’ll find lots of videos showcasing everything from visible mending to beginner sewing journeys.
Why should you learn to mend 13 As any eco expert will tell you, the best thing you can do is buy less to begin with. That means shopping for quality items that will stand the test of time, but also learning a few key skills so you can repair those items as needed rather than sentencing them to life in an already-overflowing landfill. It’s also helpful to customize (改制) secondhand items which might not be exactly the right size or a little out of date. 14
Beyond the functional benefits, mending is about using what you have, embracing imperfections, fixing what’s broken, and rejecting the idea that new er is better. The other aspect of mending is mindfulness. 15 It’s meditative (冥想的), slow work. It’s productive, and deeply satisfying. And an added bonus: It’s sustainable.
If you are interested in sewing and mending, it is the perfect time to learn the new skill. which can especially have a positive impact on the world.
A. But all hope is not lost.
B. Because it is a means of making a living.
C. Mending is a great way to reject consumerism.
D. Buying secondhand goods makes it possible to be sustainable.
E. This way, you may find yourself upcycling pieces into ones that suit you.
F. At some point in the last few decades, though, it became something of a lost art.
G. You focus on the task at hand and use your creativity to make your clothes unique.
（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Psychologists offer their best tips for working or making progress as planned, expected, or desired. Here is their guide to making and keeping your plans.
Don’t assume that your plan has to be ambitious. “What’s much more important than setting a grand goal, like running a marathon, is to set an immediate plan that you can start right away,” says Charles Duhigg, the author of The Power of Habit. “ 16 But many people fail to realize this.”
Whether you are making a new habit from scratch or changing an old habit, decide on the cue and the reward. “The cue could be a time, a place, or a feeling, while the reward must be instantaneous (即时的),” explains Wendy Wood, an expert from the University of Southern California. 17 The prize needs to be immediate, something that makes the behavior fun.
Make it easy. A recent study showed that people who travelled 8 km to the gym went once a month, but people who travelled 6 km went five or more times a month. That 2 km makes the difference between having a good exercise habit and not. 18 Thus, you’re more likely to achieve more.
Be less critical of yourself. According to an expert, the biggest barrier to new habits is self-criticism. 19 Research shows that you should be kind or supportive to yourself.
20 Gretchen Rubin, the author of Better Than Before, says it is crucial to avoid listening to the excuses that make your habits falter (动摇), for example, “I can’t go on a run tomorrow because I have to do another thing.” Recognizing them in advance can make them less powerful. That’s the thing about excuses when you realize you’re doing it, you’re much more likely to resist.
A. Spot your excuses.
B. People who do this tend to be rewarded.
C. Try to remove the barriers as best as you can.
D. Don’t buy a new pair of shoes at the end of the week.
E. It is related with less motivation and worse self-control.
F. That is how your habitual mind works and it has to be easy.
G. Start with baby steps like running half a mile every Monday morning
（2024·江苏泰州·一模）Desire for success is a basic human nature. But hurdles are bound to come up on the way to success, discouraging you from your goal. 21 Here are some ways that may help you to be diligent and write your own success story.
First of all, having a clear vision is essential to be diligent in life. If you are not clear about what you want to achieve in life, you will lose direction, motivation and enthusiasm in life. 22 So if you want to gain diligence, you should make an effort to define your vision.
23 Proper planning enables us to turn most of the goals into reality without regrets in later part of life. Having a plan in advance, though, does not mean that you have to plan from start to finish. It means you should know in which direction you are heading.
Moreover, excuses are not going to keep you away from regrets in your later life. If you delay diligence because of your family responsibility, it simply means your goals are not in your priority list, which is why excuses are coming. 24 .
Finally, diligence is not the birthright of some privileged people but an option. 25 . Otherwise, you might unconsciously develop the habit of not being serious about bigger tasks as well. So now is the right time to start striving to be diligent in everything you do and ensure your success.
A. You have to be brave when encountering hurdles.
B. On the other hand, if you are, you will stay diligent.
C. You need to practice diligence even for the smallest task.
D. In fact, only those who are diligent can overcome them.
E. Diligence is the application of persistent effort on a task.
F. It is of the same importance to have a specific plan beforehand.
G. So follow your dreams with no excuse to live a happy and successful life.
（23-24高三下·江苏南通·开学考试）There are many reasons why some cats are bad-tempered. It’s commonly believed that their temperament can be influenced by the way they are born or raised. 26 According to veterinarian Dr Katrina Warren, the problem can generally be solved, but you’ll need to look for underlying issues.
Changes in a cat’s behaviour can often be explained by a health problem. Pain can cause cats to behave differently. It’s easy to mistake a problem as behavioural, which in fact is medical. Should you observe a significant change in your cat’s behaviour, then a visit to the vet is the best place to start. 27 Also hiding and avoiding being touched. Be sure to report all changes to your vet. There are many health problems that can be readily treated to ease symptoms and pain for your cat.
It pays to remember that cats don’t like to share or queue. Sharing of ‘resources’ such as litter trays and foodbowls can cause stress and anxiety for many cats. It’s always a good idea to provide each cat with their own litter box, food, water bowls and bed. A lack of space to hide from or avoid other cats, competition for territory and lack of individual attention can also add to household friction. 28
Moving to a new house, the arrival of a new baby, new pets and other types of change can seriously impact cat behaviour. Cats are creatures of habit and tend to be territorial. 29 Try to keep your cat’s environment as calm as possible and ensure there are places where they feel safe.
30 These are often cats that received limited socialisation with humans when they were kittens. These cats do best in a quiet household without children and need understanding and patience to help build their confidence.
A. Some cats simply do not like being touched and handled.
B. Watch out for changes in eating, drinking or litter-box habits.
C. When your cat seems lonely, you can hold it gently in your arms.
D. If so, offering the cat a high place to sit, such as a climbing tree, can be helpful.
E. So a change in routine may cause them to react, including withdrawal or aggression.
F. Don’t forget their incredible sense of smell, which is a useful tool of communication.
G. In fact, even the sweetest cats can suddenly become bad-tempered and behave out of character.
（23-24高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试）People in a series of layers in colder weather often adopt “the layering system”. Wearing multiple thin layers will keep you warmer than a single thicker layer, because warm air gets trapped between each piece of fabric. It may sounds complicated to some extent. 31
32 The layer closest to your skin should trap warm air against your body. But you want the fabric to be breathable, especially when you’re doing exercise, to avoid sweat getting trapped against your skin. Our body’s built-in cooling system is to sweat when we get too warm, and when the sweat evaporates (蒸发), it cools us.
Choose your mid-layers. While the base layer is all about controlling sweat and evaporation, the mid-layer’s main priority should be maintaining warmth. 33 It is enough to keep warm in winter. But in really cold weather, some site s recommend adding a soft-shell jacket.
Buy the best outer-layer. 34 There is no doubt that you need to look for a coat that’s wind and rain-proof if you’re heading outdoors. The color isn’t really that important when it comes to heat regulation, but we recommend opting for something that fills you with cheer.
Top it off with a hat. Contrary to popular belief, studies suggest we actually lose more heat from our torsos (躯干) than from our heads. However, once you’ve nailed your other layers it’s still worth wearing a hat.
Add a blanket if you’re in the house. 35 A study of elderly hospitalized patients conducted Southern Illinois University School of Medicine found feels of being uncomfortable (in pain, being cold, or feeling anxious) were significantly reduced when a nice, warm blanket was provided.
A. Simple but effective.
B. Wear more layers if necessary.
C. And it can easily be achieved.
D. Select a breathable base layer.
E. But there are some effective tricks to make it.
F. The main function of it is to protect you from the elements.
G. A good one usually consists of one or two pieces of breathable woolen cloth.
（2024·江苏连云港·一模）The wide consensus (共识) across all generations is that good health is the absolute top priority in life, outranking money, education and career. 36 We have to work for it. If you’re hesitating over your New Year’s resolutions, we’ve got tips.
Refine (完善) your goal. There’s an evidence-based technique to help you refine your goals and see them through by setting up a system to track your progress. This can improve the likelihood of success. It’s called the SMART goal process. One common problem is setting an unrealistic goal. 37
Shift your attitude. Even if you’re off to a slow start this year, embrace optimism. A study published found optimists live longer. There’s literally a longevity (长寿) boost to staying positive among challenges. And what’s the connection to resolutions 38 Optimistic individuals tend to have goals and the confidence to reach them, the researchers conclude.
Find a group. If you aim to eat better or drink less, your chances of success are higher if the people around you are on board too. 39 Research shows people are more likely to reach body weight goals and maintain weight loss if they’re part of a group effort.
40 It’s easy to wish for the magic medicine or the super-food that can lead us to great health quickly. The reality is that our daily habits influence our health a lot more than we realize. The science shows that people who followed the habits of sleeping soundly, eating well, staying actively, limiting alcohol and reducing screen time cut the risk of disease by more than 50%.
A. But good health isn’t a gift.
B. Lifestyle choices matter to our mind.
C. Small habit changes help shape good health.
D. Practicing optimism may help enhance your confidence.
E. There’s a strong link between optimism and healthy behaviors.
F. This technique helps you commit to one that’s actually achievable.
G. We social creatures tend to mirror the behaviors of those closest to us.
（2024·江苏南通·一模）Learning how to apologize is similar to learning any new behavior. It may feel awkward and may not be polished at first. 41 There are several tips that will help you as you learn how to apologize.
First of all, wait until the right time and you are in the right place. Although public apology is often appropriate, discretion (谨慎) should be used. 42 Remember, you will be raising a topic that may recall a bad experience or bad feelings. Be respectful as you approach this task.
Be direct and brief in your approach. Acknowledge the fact that injury has occurred and then take responsibility for what happened. Be sincere in expressing your regret and demonstrate your willingness to take ownership of the situation. 43
Even if you follow these steps, be prepared for rejection. Sometimes, the person apologizing has an expectation that the apology will lead to immediate forgiveness and acceptance. 44 If you think of the offense (冒犯) as an emotional bruise (瘀伤), think of the healing process as the color changes we see as a bruise heals.
45 Knowing when to keep one’s mouth shut is a virtue. Keeping quiet may be very difficult, as post-apology listening is not easy. We may hear unpleasant observations from another about our own shortcomings. We may hear the expression of anger. One of the ways we let others know we are truly responsible and accountable for our mistakes is by listening to the other party pour out the feelings associated with our actions.
A. Forgiveness and acceptance may take time.
B. To give or receive a good apology is an art.
C. But with practice, everyone can learn to do it.
D. Listening to the response to our apologies is important.
E. Most apologies can and should happen in a private setting.
F. In other words, avoid excuses and offer to repair the damage.
G. Taking responsibility doesn’t mean accepting blame for everything.
（23-24高三下·江苏镇江·阶段练习）Winter can cause damage to your skin, and it can feel like there’s no escape. 46 Happily, there are many ways to deal with dry skin and keep yourself comfortable.
Use a humidifier (加湿器) to increase humidity.
In the cooler winter months, a humidifier in your home or office will restore moisture to the air, helping to keep your skin hydrated (含水的).
Run a humidifier in your entire home or in rooms you spend the most time in, and aim to keep indoor humidity levels between 30 and 50 percent. 47 If you’re unsure of your home’s humidity levels, you can buy a humidity meter.
Keep thermostat (恒温器) temperatures cool and comfortable.
If you’re looking to escape dry, cold outdoor air, you are likely to turn on the heat as soon as you get home. 48 Try a cool yet comfortable setting to prevent your skin from drying further-the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology recommends 68 to 75 degrees F.
49
Long, steamy showers may sound like a great idea when it’s cold, but very hot water can dry out the skin. A 5-to 10-minute warm shower is less likely to worsen dry skin than a hot one.
You should also avoid using excessively hot water to wash your hands. Dry skin from exposure to hot water or cool winter air can cause an eczema (湿疹). 50
If you still experience dryness, discomfort, and redness after trying these healthy skin tips, experts suggest using an over-the-counter I percent hydrocortisone cream or talking with your doctor.
A. Firstly, apply hand cream after each washing.
B. It’s quite unusual to find your skin red and dry in winter.
C. One option is to turn it on overnight while you’re sleeping.
D. Lower water temperatures for showering and hand-washing.
E. But high central heat can make the air in your house even drier.
F. Cooler water seems to be as effective and is more friendly to the skin.
G. Even the things that make winter wonderful, such as sitting by a roaring fire, can dry your skin.
（23-24高三下·江苏南京·阶段练习）Most of us have a map of the world in our mind that we use any time we think about places. 51 In fact, many of the maps in our heads share the same errors, some of which are quite large and surprisingly resistant to correction.
For example, we all believe that South America is just south of North America, of course. But you may be surprised by the fact that virtually the entire South American continent is east of Florida. There are lots of possible reasons for geographical misconceptions like this one, says cartographer (地图绘制员) John Nelson. 52 After all it’s not called Southeast America.
Europe is also often placed much farther south on mental maps than it really is. But it actually lines up better with Canada. 53 Western Europe is relatively warm for its latitude (纬度) thanks to the Gulf Stream which brings warmer water from the Gulf of Mexico across the Atlantic. The warmer temperatures are more similar to the climate of the lower 48 states than Canada’s.
54 We also have misconceptions about the relative size of things. This may be due in part to the nature of 2D maps. Flattening a 3D globe onto a flat surface isn’t possible without some distortion (变形). This is especially obvious for maps that use certain projections.
Mercator maps distort the shape and relative size of continents, particularly near the poles. This is why Greenland appears to be similar in size to all of South America on Mercator maps. 55
A. Locations aren’t the only way our mental maps can be wrong.
B. But these mental maps aren’t necessarily dependable.
C. Nelson says that climate might play a role in this misunderstanding.
D. In fact, South America is more than eight times larger than Greenland.
E. He believes the misplaced Americas may be partly a result of their names.
F. However, our physical experience of the world may come into play as well.
G. None of these geographic misconceptions would be surprising for a student.
（23-24高三下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）In 2050, one in four people will be over 60 in the Asia-Pacific region. Are countries there prepared to fully address the needs of older persons so that they age with dignity
In the past, senior citizens might have been supported by their families and communities. Yet times are changing.
56 Meanwhile, more and more governments are wrestling with increasing healthcare costs and a decreasing workforce.
More than ever, there is an urgent need for policy reform in addressing population aging. This must be driven by a shift in mindset to turn the challenges into a demographic opportunity.
57 More and more people are living longer due to the advancements in health, nutrition, economic and social well-being. 58 This is due to a variety of reasons such as challenges in striking a work-life balance to not being able to afford having more children. However, low fertility and longer life expectancy are not the problem. The real problem is not being ready to face this rapidly changing demographic shift.
It is noteworthy that, in the Asia-Pacific, with more than half of the older population being women, it is crucial to adopt a life-cycle approach to population aging, grounded in gender equality and human rights. Investing in each stage of life determines the path of a woman’s life course. When a girl has access to quality education, it helps her make informed decisions about life-changing matters. 59
While there is no single comprehensive policy that can address population aging, we need to take action now. 60 In so doing, countries in the Asia-Pacific region can hope for, and achieve, a better future for all, where no one is left behind.
A. Couples are having fewer babies.
B. Pensions are increasing, pressuring governments further.
C. We must rethink population aging, celebrating it as the victory of development.
D. Migration and urbanization have shifted traditional support systems for the elderly.
E. The decisions she makes paves the way towards a healthier and wealthier silver age.
F. We must invest in better policies that focus on the needs of people at every age of their life.
G. Life-long gender discrimination leaves women even more disadvantaged in an aging society.
（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）The fear of elevators is actually one of the most common phobias (恐惧症) experienced today. 61 When combined with other conditions, the fear of elevators is very frequent.
62 Some may be frightened of being up so high. Others may be afraid of the enclosed space. Still others are afraid to be close to other people. Since so many people suffer from the fear of elevators, there may be support groups in some areas. These are most common in cities with lots of tall buildings where riding an elevator is almost impossible to avoid in day-to-day life. 63
Usually, the fear of elevators can be treated. Let sufferers visualize riding an elevator and picture the aspects which are frightening. Then they may be required to involve themselves in the part that scares them most. For example, someone who is afraid of heights may start by climbing a ladder over and over again. 64 Next, they move on to a greater height, such as climbing a tree. As they experience greater and greater levels, their fear may become lessened. Finally, they will be able to enter an elevator.
Sometimes just stepping into it is a start. At other times, they will be asked to ride up a few flights. 65 But they can use methods which work when accomplishing smaller goals. Finally, after many attempts, riding an elevator may not cause anxiety at all.
A. Many aspects may cause fear in sufferers.
B. By now, you have identified what scares you most.
C. This will likely still cause anxiety the first few times
D. Sufferers usually force themselves to face their fears.
E. They can stop this process when it causes little anxiety.
F. In these locations, the fear of elevators can affect everyday activities.
G. It may present itself with another fear, such as the fear of limited spaces.
（23-24高三下·江苏南通·开学考试）Each person will inevitably encounter difficult circumstances in life. Personal challenges come in many forms: dealing with difficult coworkers, economic loss, food insecurity, or mountains of bills. 66 How can you help someone who you care deeply for when they hit one of these
Just listen. When a person is distressed, it may help them to “get things off their chest” by talking about them. Make yourself available to be a good listener. 67 Remember that your friend may not always want to talk about the problem or may not talk about it right then. That’s okay, too. 68
Create moments of joy. You can create small moments of happiness for your loved one, benefiting them and yourself. Make some coffee for them and share a quiet, screen-free moment. 69 Do something kind for your loved one, like completing their chores for them, or preparing their favorite meal.
70 Problems take time to resolve – days, weeks, months, or even years. Some may be lifelong issues that must be dealt with. At times, your loved one’s decisions may make a situation worse instead of better. As a friend, family member, or caretaker, try to be patient and confident.
Your friends will thank you. And they will likely be there for you when you need someone to lean on.
A. Don’t get discouraged.
B. Encourage professional help.
C. Just let them know that you are available.
D. These actions may seem small and unimportant.
E. Take a walk, ideally in a park or greenspace together.
F. Any of these life experiences can lead to anxiety or depression.
G. Acknowledge what your loved one says, but don’t answer each statement.
（23-24高三上·江苏·期末）Building Up Your Empathy
Empathy is the ability to understand and emotionally engage with others. It is viewed as the fundamental social glue and main psychological mechanism, which enables us to relate to each other, maintain social relations and create a more sympathetic world. 71 . It is a skill that can be developed and strengthened over time. Here are some tips on how to build up your empathy.
Practice active listening
Listening is one of the most effective ways you can demonstrate empathy to other people. Active listening requires three things. To begin with, paraphrase what the person said to show that you understood the content. 72 , because it helps the person better understand and regulate their own emotions. Finally, indicate how your response makes you want to behave, because again you are demonstrating that you understand their emotional state and helping them figure out a behavior to move forward with.
Challenge your prejudices and assumptions
Ask yourself why you think that all poor people are lazy, or all people with mental health issues are dangerous. A lot of assumptions and prejudices are based on misinformation that has become widespread. 73 .
Treat people as being important
Recognize that you aren’t the only one living in this world and that you aren’t some superior being. 74 . Don’t lump (合并) them into stereotypical (刻板印象的) groups with erroneous one-size-fits-all labels. Each person is an individual and comes with a set of flaws and strengths.
75
This means getting a direct experience of another person’s life, the “walk a mile in another person’s shoes” proverb. You don’t have to go quite that far, but consider taking on all the things that your mother does in a day for an entire week. You’ll discover how difficult it is to manage both the home and work, and you’ll have a better appreciation for how much work she has to do. You may even decide to pitch in a bit more.
In conclusion, building up your empathy takes time and effort, but it is worth it. So start practicing today and make a positive impact on the world around you.
A. Practice experiential empathy
B. Leave each person as they are
C. Practice gratitude and appreciation
D. Take each person as they come
E. Reflect on your emotional reaction as well
F. However, empathy is not something we are born with
G. Educate yourself and listen to the groups that are affected by this misinformation
（2024·江苏·二模）One of the cores of emotional intelligence is self-regulation, an important skill in the workplace. Like any skill, mastery of emotional self-control requires intentionality and practice. 76 .
Pause to Mentally Distance
When you notice your typical physiological experiences associated with strong negative emotion, what should you do Mentally step out of your immediate experience. Asking yourself any question, or imagining what you might look like to others right now, will do the trick. At that point, although still physiologically keyed up, you will be able to ask yourself, “What is the best course of action right now ” or “What advice would I give someone else who is in my shoes ” 77 .
Take Control of Your Self-Talk
We’re frequently unaware of how much self-chatter is going on in the background of our minds. Such self-talk might not be in fully articulated (铰接式的) words or phrases, but instead little flashes of thought. Becoming aware of your self-talk can be difficult. Why is this an important skill to develop 78 . To genuinely ease a strong negative emotion requires tackling the source by examining the underlying belief and how accurate, reasonable, or useful it is.
Seek Support from Partners
Ask others you trust to help you recognize when your emotions seem to be getting the best of you. 79 . Agree on a gesture or word that might serve as a signal that your trusted individual wonders whether you’re riding the led-by-your-limbic-system train. Of course, there will be times they’re wrong. So, it’s important not to respond defensively when you get that signal. Reacting with anything other than gratitude ensures that your partner won’t take that risk again.
Cultivate (培养) Curiosity
Our brains are wired to draw conclusions and form judgments at lightning speed, and those are frequently the cause of our negative emotions. 80 , but we tend to run with them, sparking the self-talk that follows. Generally working to be more curious about other people’s experiences, including their self-identified motives for their behavior, helps avoid making hasty judgments.
A. They are comfortable with all emotions
B. Those judgments are not necessarily accurate
C. Doing so provides you with choices as to how to act
D. Explain your developmental goals and sincerely ask for help
E. Stay focused on coming up with an answer and following through on it
F. Because it is those background beliefs that fuel our emotional responses
G. Here are four ways you can develop greater emotional self-management
