中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
语法基础知识------冠词
知识讲解
在中考中,冠词以考查不定冠词a/an和定冠词the的基本用法为主,也会涉及零冠词在固定搭配中的应用。
一、不定冠词a,an
1.不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词前,而a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前。如:
an apple 一个苹果 an hour一小时
a book一本书 a university一所大学
2.泛指某一类人或物。如:
A horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。
3.表示数量“一”,但没有one强。如:
I would like a cup of coffee.我想要一杯咖啡。
4.用在文中第一次提到某人或某物时。如:
—What's this? —这是什么?
—It's a bike. —这是一辆自行车。
5.用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前有“每一”的意思,相当于every。如:
three times a week每周三次
6.用于某些固定短语中。如:
a lot of许多 have a cold感冒
have a good time玩得高兴/过得愉快
in a hurry匆忙 take a bus乘坐公共汽车
二、定冠词the
1.谈话双方都知道的人或物。如:
The girl is Lucy's sister.
这个女孩是露西的妹妹。
2.用于特指某人或某物。如:
The man in the car is my teacher.
坐在车里的那个人是我的老师。
3.用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:
The earth goes around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
4.用在乐器名称前。如:
She is playing the piano.
她正在弹钢琴。
5.用在序数词或形容词的最高级前。如:
Tom is the tallest in his class.
汤姆在他班上个子最高。
6.用在姓氏的复数前,表示“一家人或夫妇二人”。如:
The Browns are having dinner.
布朗一家正在吃晚饭。
7.用在上文已提到的人或物前。如:
Nancy has a cat.The cat is very cute.
南希有一只猫。这只猫很可爱。
8.用在表示海洋、江河、山脉、群岛、国家或党派等名词前,或由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:
the Huai River淮河 the United Kingdom英国 the Great Wall长城
9.用在某些形容词前表示一类人。如:
the old老人 the young年轻人 the rich富人 the poor 穷人
10.用于“the+比较级,the+比较级”及“the+比较级+of+两者”的句型中。如:
The more he thinks of it,the sadder he will be.
他越想越难过。
Maria is the thinner of the two girls.
玛利亚是两个女孩中较瘦的那一个。
11.用在某个世纪的某个年代。如:
in the 1980s 20世纪80年代
12.用在某些固定短语中。如:
at the age of在……岁时 all the time一直 by the way顺便说一下 in the end最后,终于 in the morning在早上 on the right在右边 in the middle of在……中间
三、零冠词
1.复数名词和不可数名词表示一般意义而不特指具体的人或事物时,前面不用冠词。如:
Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。
2.在某些专有名词前不用冠词,如国名、人名等。如:
China has a long history.
中国拥有悠久的历史。
3.在星期、日期、月份、季节前不用冠词。如:
October 1st is National Day.
十月一日是国庆节。
注:若特指某年的某月或某季节时,则要在月份、季节前加定冠词the。如:
In the winter of 2010,he moved to China.在2010年的冬天,他搬到了中国。
4.在三餐、球类运动及娱乐活动的名词之前不用冠词。如:
He went to school without breakfast this morning.
他今天早晨没有吃早饭就去上学了。
Dave likes playing basketball.
戴维喜欢打篮球。
5.当名词前有this,that,these,those,every,his,your,some,any等限定词或名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词。如:
Jenny's sister is my friend.
珍妮的妹妹是我的朋友。
Those students often play football after school.
那些学生放学后经常踢足球。
6.在表示职位和称呼前不用冠词。如:
He was elected manager of our company last year.
去年他当选为我们公司的经理。
7.与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前不用冠词。如:
by bus坐公共汽车
by train坐火车
注:动词take或介词in,on后接表示交通工具的名词前要加冠词。如:
take a bus坐公共汽车
on a/the bus坐公共汽车
in a/the car乘小汽车
8.用在某些习惯用语中。如:
go to school去上学 at home在家
on time按时 in trouble陷入困境
on foot步行 in silence沉默,无声
用与不用冠词的差异:
in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里
in front of在(外部的)前面/in the front of在(内部的)前面
at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁
by sea乘船/by the sea在海边
go to school(church...)上学(做礼拜……)/go to the school(church...)到学校(教堂……)去
two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)
a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)
语法过关小练习
用恰当的冠词填空,不需要的填“/”
1.My cousin can play _______ violin very well.
2.The party was great.We all had _______ great time.
3.The old couple has ________ 8 year old grandson.
4.________ more you listen to English,________ better your listening skills will be.
5.Trees turn green in _______ spring.
6.Who is ________ lady with curly blonde hair
7.My brother Fred woke up with _______ bad headache this morning.
8.—Do you know when is _______ No Tabacco(烟草)Day
—It's May 31st.
9.My cousin went abroad at _______ age of eighteen.
10.—What's the matter with you
—I can't remember where I parked _______ car.
11.—Do you know _______ woman in red
—Yes,she's a professor of _______ university.
12.Maria would like _______ orange,not _______ orange juice.
13.Vera and Mike come from _______ European country.They are in _______ same school now.
14.Zhu Zhiwen was _______ common farmer several years ago.But now he is ______ famous singer.
15.We should offer the seats to ______ old on the bus.
16.This is _______ classroom where we often attend lectures.
17.—Where do you live
—I live on ______ second floor.
18._______ Greens are coming to see us.
19.Don't talk to Simon like that.He is only _______eleven year old boy.
20.He usually goes to school on _______ foot.
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语法基础复习
冠 词
在中考中,冠词以考查不定冠词a/an和定冠词the的基本用法为主,也会涉及零冠词在固定搭配中的应用。
一、不定冠词a,an
1.不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词前,而a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前。如:
an apple 一个苹果 an hour一小时
a book一本书 a university一所大学
2.泛指某一类人或物。如:
A horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。
3.表示数量“一”,但没有one强。如:
I would like a cup of coffee.我想要一杯咖啡。
4.用在文中第一次提到某人或某物时。如:
—What's this? —这是什么?
—It's a bike. —这是一辆自行车。
5.用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前有“每一”的意思,相当于every。如:
three times a week每周三次
6.用于某些固定短语中。如:
a lot of许多 have a cold感冒
have a good time玩得高兴/过得愉快
in a hurry匆忙 take a bus乘坐公共汽车
二、定冠词the
1.谈话双方都知道的人或物。如:
The girl is Lucy's sister.
这个女孩是露西的妹妹。
2.用于特指某人或某物。如:
The man in the car is my teacher.
坐在车里的那个人是我的老师。
3.用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:
The earth goes around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
4.用在乐器名称前。如:
She is playing the piano.
她正在弹钢琴。
5.用在序数词或形容词的最高级前。如:
Tom is the tallest in his class.
汤姆在他班上个子最高。
6.用在姓氏的复数前,表示“一家人或夫妇二人”。如:
The Browns are having dinner.
布朗一家正在吃晚饭。
7.用在上文已提到的人或物前。如:
Nancy has a cat.The cat is very cute.
南希有一只猫。这只猫很可爱。
8.用在表示海洋、江河、山脉、群岛、国家或党派等名词前,或由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:
the Huai River淮河 the United Kingdom英国 the Great Wall长城
9.用在某些形容词前表示一类人。如:
the old老人 the young年轻人 the rich富人 the poor 穷人
10.用于“the+比较级,the+比较级”及“the+比较级+of+两者”的句型中。如:
The more he thinks of it,the sadder he will be.
他越想越难过。
Maria is the thinner of the two girls.
玛利亚是两个女孩中较瘦的那一个。
11.用在某个世纪的某个年代。如:
in the 1980s 20世纪80年代
12.用在某些固定短语中。如:
at the age of在……岁时 all the time一直 by the way顺便说一下 in the end最后,终于 in the morning在早上 on the right在右边 in the middle of在……中间
三、零冠词
1.复数名词和不可数名词表示一般意义而不特指具体的人或事物时,前面不用冠词。如:
Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。
2.在某些专有名词前不用冠词,如国名、人名等。如:
China has a long history.
中国拥有悠久的历史。
3.在星期、日期、月份、季节前不用冠词。如:
October 1st is National Day.
十月一日是国庆节。
注:若特指某年的某月或某季节时,则要在月份、季节前加定冠词the。如:
In the winter of 2010,he moved to China.在2010年的冬天,他搬到了中国。
4.在三餐、球类运动及娱乐活动的名词之前不用冠词。如:
He went to school without breakfast this morning.
他今天早晨没有吃早饭就去上学了。
Dave likes playing basketball.
戴维喜欢打篮球。
5.当名词前有this,that,these,those,every,his,your,some,any等限定词或名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词。如:
Jenny's sister is my friend.
珍妮的妹妹是我的朋友。
Those students often play football after school.
那些学生放学后经常踢足球。
6.在表示职位和称呼前不用冠词。如:
He was elected manager of our company last year.
去年他当选为我们公司的经理。
7.与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前不用冠词。如:
by bus坐公共汽车
by train坐火车
注:动词take或介词in,on后接表示交通工具的名词前要加冠词。如:
take a bus坐公共汽车
on a/the bus坐公共汽车
in a/the car乘小汽车
8.用在某些习惯用语中。如:
go to school去上学 at home在家
on time按时 in trouble陷入困境
on foot步行 in silence沉默,无声
用与不用冠词的差异:
in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里
in front of在(外部的)前面/in the front of在(内部的)前面
at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁
by sea乘船/by the sea在海边
go to school(church...)上学(做礼拜……)/go to the school(church...)到学校(教堂……)去
two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)
a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)
用恰当的冠词填空,不需要的填“/”
1.My cousin can play ______ violin very well.
2.The party was great.We all had _____ great time.
3.The old couple has ______8 year old grandson.
4.______ more you listen to English,______ better your listening skills will be.
5.Trees turn green in _____ spring.
6.Who is ______ lady with curly blonde hair
7.My brother Fred woke up with _____ bad headache this morning.
8.—Do you know when is _____ No Tabacco(烟草)Day
—It's May 31st.
the
a
an
The
the
/
the
a
/
语法过关小练习
9.My cousin went abroad at _______ age of eighteen.
10.—What's the matter with you
—I can't remember where I parked ______car.
11.—Do you know _______ woman in red
—Yes,she's a professor of _____ university.
12.Maria would like ______ orange,not _____ orange juice.
13.Vera and Mike come from ____ European country.They are in ______ same school now.
14.Zhu Zhiwen was _____ common farmer several years ago.But now he is _____ famous singer.
the
the
the
a
an
/
a
the
a
a
15.We should offer the seats to ______ old on the bus.
16.This is ______classroom where we often attend lectures.
17.—Where do you live
—I live on ______second floor.
18.________Greens are coming to see us.
19.Don't talk to Simon like that.He is only ______eleven year old boy.
20.He usually goes to school on _____ foot.
the
the
the
The
an
/