突破02 阅读理解之词义猜测题
第一部分：重点难点
上下文猜词义
猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。可利用下列方法：
(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时下文紧跟一个同位语，对上文的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对上文或下文的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
(3)根据构词法进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以加前缀或后缀构成一个新词，如果掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。
(4)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
(5)根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等可知上下句存在转折关系，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
（6）根据举例推测词义。有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。
就近原则找指
猜测代替词的指代内容，要求判断代词(it, one, they, this, that, these, those, which等)或助动词(do, does, did 等)具体替代什么。可按以下三步进行：返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子→将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。
意义吻合推句意
句意猜测要求通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。具体技巧如下：
(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。对于需要猜测句意的情形，首先要理解句子的前后特定语境，然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理，最后再进行归纳总结，得出答案。
(2)一般来说，正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来转换表达而已。
第二部分：易错失分
易错陷阱1：词义/词组指代易混易错点
【分析】 这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不可少的能力。平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。
易错陷阱2：代词指代猜测易混易错点
【分析】阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着密切的关联。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，应当对前面提到的内容进行总结，认真查找，才能得出代词所指代的事。
易错陷阱3：句意猜测易混易错点
【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子，充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。同时分析理解画线句前后的语境，合理归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。切不可因为句中出现熟词，而脱离语境，望文生义。
【易错点提醒一】 词义/词组指代易混易错点
【例1】 She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster calculations for an accurate Earthmodel. This detailed mathematical model of the shape of the Earth was a building block for what would become the GPS orbit.
What does the underlined phrase “a building block” in paragraph 5 mean
A．A basic part. B．A detailed map.
C．A building material. D．A major obstacle.
易错分析：脱离语境，只记得熟词意思误选C，应根据for之后句意及上句的意思判断熟词生义。
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster calculations for an accurate Earthmodel. (她编写了一台IBM 7030 Stretch计算机，为精确的地球模型提供了更快的计算。)”说明这个数学模型是GPS的基础，从而推知划线词句“(这个关于地球形状的详细数学模型是GPS轨道的a building block。)”其中划线短语应为“基石”的意思，与A项同义。故选A项。
【易错点提醒二】 代词指代猜测易混易错点
【例2】 The creators of the wall hope it will bring an urgently needed solution to the threats facing the African continent, creating 10 million jobs in rural areas, as well as preventing 250 million tons of carbon. The initiative is Africa-driven, which for those on the continent, is vital, and may hold the key to success. “The Great Green Wall…is about ownership, and that has been the failure of development aid because people were never identified with it,” said Elvis Paul Tangam, African Union Commissioner for the Sahara and Sahel Great Green Wall Initiative.“But this time they identify. This is the very thing of us!”
What does “us” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to
African Unions. B．All advocates. C．Land owners. D．All Africans.
易错分析：本题容易脱离话题，主观臆断。不可烦躁，浮于表面，应严密查找上文语句和词语之间的逻辑联系。
【答案】D
【导语】词句猜测题。根据第三段“The initiative is Africa-driven, which for those on the continent, is vital, and may hold the key to success. (这一倡议是非洲驱动的，对非洲大陆的人来说至关重要，可能是成功的关键)”以及“ “The Great Green Wall…is about ownership, and that has been the failure of development aid because people were never identified with it,” said Elvis Paul Tangam, African Union Commissioner for the Sahara and Sahel Great Green Wall Initiative. “But this time they identify. This is the very thing of us!” (“绿色长城……是关于所有权的问题，而这正是发展援助的失败之处，因为人们从未认同它，”非洲联盟撒哈拉和萨赫勒绿色长城倡议专员埃尔维斯·保罗·坦加姆说。“但这一次他们认同了。这就是我们的本性！)”可知，此处的us指“所有的非洲人”。故选D项。
【易错点提醒三】 句意猜测易混易错点
【例3】Real riches consist of well-developed and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life. Most people are already swamped (淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They live in too big a house with too many rooms, yet their house of life is a hut.
......
The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that______.
A．however materially rich, they never seem to be satisfied
B．however materially rich, they remain spiritually poor
C．though their house is big, they prefer a simple life
D．though their house is big, it seems to be a cage
易错分析：拘泥于字面意思，易误选C、D，应根据上句，理解深层含义。
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据上文“Most people are already swamped (淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much.(大多数人已经被事情淹没了。他们吃得太多，穿得太多，去得太多，说得太多)”可推知，大多数人有耽于生活中物质的东西和琐碎的东西，比如吃穿和闲聊，由此推知，尽管他们物质丰富，但实际精神生活匮乏，这正是划线句表达的意思，与B项“however materially rich, they remain spiritually poor(无论物质上多么富裕，他们精神上仍然贫乏)”同义。故选B项。
第三部分：猜题押题
猜题押题理由
词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型, 可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法和一定的解题技巧。因此，为攻克阅读理解之猜测词义，特推出以下阅读理解题。
（一）
At present, in many American cities especially, many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid. They point to jobs such as secretary or truck driver, which often pay more to start than that of a teacher. In many other fields, such as law, medicine, computer science, a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several years.
Teaching has never been a profession that attracted people interested in high salaries. It is by history a profession that has provided rewards in addition to money — the satisfactions of sharing knowledge, of influencing others, of guiding young people. But in the past several years, there are more difficulties in teaching, for many, than there are rewards.
Unruly students, especially in big cities, large classes and a lack of support from the public in terms of money and understanding have led many public school teachers to leave the profession.
As a result, many of the best students, who would have chosen teaching as their life career in the past, are going into other fields.
Another reason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States. Until the late 1960s and 1970s, one of the most popular choices for women was teaching. But as other professions, such as law and medicine opened up to women, women stopped pouring into teacher training programs. Thus, a major pool of excellent candidates for the teaching profession dwindled.
Bit by bit government officials and others realized that the status of the teacher had suffered. They talked about change. But the change in a vast society like the United States is not easy. People’s attitudes have formed over many years, and sometimes change takes many years.
1．What’ s the main idea of paragraph 1
A．Teachers in public schools are paid less than people in other fields in America.
B．Many teachers in the public schools are unemployed.
C．Teachers in America are paid less because they don’t teach long enough.
D．Many public school teachers in America leave school because of low salaries.
2．What might cause a teacher to quit his job according to the passage
A．Too many classes. B．Heavy teaching burden.
C．Disobedient students. D．Lack of support from parents.
3．What does the underlined word “dwindled” mean
A．Expanded. B．Decreased C．Changed. D．Enhanced.
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Government officials are unwilling to change the status of the teachers.
B．Government officials have taken measures to change the status of the teachers.
C．People’s attitudes towards being a teacher in a vast society can be easily changed.
D．It has a long way for the government to go to change the teachers’ present situation.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在美国，公立学校教师的工资比其他领域的教师要低，介绍了教师职业的特点以及教师数量减少的原因。
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“At present, in many American cities especially, many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid. They point to jobs such as secretary or truck driver, which often pay more to start than that of a teacher. In many other fields, such as law, medicine, computer science, a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several years.(目前，特别是在许多美国城市，许多公立学校的老师说他们的工资过低。他们指出，秘书或卡车司机等工作的起薪往往高于教师。在许多其他领域，如法律、医学、计算机科学，一个刚开始工作的人可能比一个教了几年书的老师挣得多)”可知，第一段的主旨是在美国，公立学校教师的工资比其他领域的教师要低。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Unruly students, especially in big cities, large classes and a lack of support from the public in terms of money and understanding have led many public school teachers to leave the profession.(不守规矩的学生，尤其是在大城市，大班授课以及缺乏公众在金钱和理解方面的支持，导致许多公立学校教师离开了这个职业)”可知，不听话的学生会导致老师辞职。故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Another reason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States. Until the late 1960s and 1970s, one of the most popular choices for women was teaching. But as other professions, such as law and medicine opened up to women, women stopped pouring into teacher training programs.(教师候选人出现这种变化的另一个原因是美国女性地位的变化。直到20世纪60年代末和70年代，女性最受欢迎的选择之一是教书。但随着法律和医学等其他职业向女性开放，女性不再涌入教师培训项目)”以及划线词上文“Thus, a major pool of excellent candidates for the teaching profession”中thus表示因果关系，可知，美国女性地位的变化以及法律和医学等其他职业向女性开放，导致女性不再涌入教师培训项目，因此女性这一教师职业的优秀候选人数量减少了。故划线词意思是“减少”。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“They talked about change. But the change in a vast society like the United States is not easy. People’s attitudes have formed over many years, and sometimes change takes many years.(他们谈到了改变。但在美国这样一个庞大的社会中，改变并不容易。人们的态度是经过多年形成的，有时改变需要很多年)”可推知，政府要改变教师的现状还有很长的路要走。故选D。
（二）
Occasionally, doctors become patients too. While I wouldn’t wish ill-health on anyone, it can be an inspiring lesson for medical professionals to suddenly be on the other side.
This happened to me a few months ago when I had a kidney stone, which had decided to make its unwelcome presence known in a rather romantic fashion just as I was going out for dinner. The pain came from absolutely nowhere but within minutes I was incapacitated. I was quite taken aback by how astonishingly painful it was.
As a doctor, I initially refused to believe that anything was seriously wrong, because I have witnessed countless individuals come to the emergency room convinced they are dying only for nothing more than trapped wind and then creep (蹑手蹑脚) out as they burp (打嗝) loudly and the pain disappears. However, the unbearable pain continued to exist, forcing me to acknowledge that this was indeed more than just a stubborn burp,
I was particularly pleased to read afterwards in a medical textbook that renal colic, as the pain is known, is the “most painful event a person can endure, often described as being worse than childbirth”. It’s no wonder chronic (慢性的) pain drives people mad. While doctors talk about pain and its management, it’s hard to put into words how exhausting it really is until you’ve experienced it for yourself.
During my time in hospital, I interacted with numerous doctors, each exhibiting professionalism and kindness but one stuck out in my mind. He was actually the most junior of them all, but something about his manner was incredibly calming and comforting. Whenever he came to my bed to speak to me, he knelt down so he was at my eye level. This simple act rid me of the stress that other healthcare professionals unintentionally projected. Just kneeling down made all the difference.
Experiencing the role reversal of doctor-turned-patient provided me with profound insights into the realities of pain and effective patient care.
5．What does the underlined phrase taken aback in paragraph 2 mean
A．Shocked. B．Impressed. C．Annoyed. D．Moved.
6．What did the author initially think of those patients in the emergency room
A．Pitiful. B．Understandable. C．Embarrassing. D．Ridiculous.
7．What impressed the author most during his stay in hospital
A．The intense pain caused by the kidney stone. B．A small gesture bringing ease and relief.
C．Stress caused by the healthcare workers. D．Doctors with professionalism and kindness.
8．What lesson did the author learn from this experience
A．Experience must be bought. B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．Put yourself in someone else’s shoes. D．Health is not valued till sickness comes.
【答案】5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在经历了从医生到病人的角色转变后，对疼痛和有效的病人护理有了深刻的见解。
5．短语猜测题。根据划线短语后面的“by how astonishingly painful it was”可知，作者意识到了这种痛多么惊人，由此可推测，这里是说作者被这种惊人的痛苦给震惊到了。taken back意为“震惊”，和shocked意思相近。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As a doctor, I initially refused to believe that anything was seriously wrong, because I have witnessed countless individuals come to the emergency room convinced they are dying only for nothing more than trapped wind and then creep (蹑手蹑脚) out as they burp (打嗝) loudly and the pain disappears.(作为一名医生，我最初拒绝相信有什么严重的问题，因为我目睹了无数人来到急诊室，确信他们会仅仅因肠积气而死，然后当他们大声打了个嗝疼痛消失时就蹑手蹑脚出去了。)”可推知，作者目睹了无数病人因为小病小痛来到急诊室的表现，觉得他们的反应非常荒诞。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“During my time in hospital, I interacted with numerous doctors, each exhibiting professionalism and kindness but one stuck out in my mind.(在住院期间，我与许多医生互动，每一位医生都表现出专业精神和善良，但有一位医生在我脑海中挥之不去。)”和“This simple act rid me of the stress that other healthcare professionals unintentionally projected. Just kneeling down made all the difference.(这个简单的举动让我摆脱了其他医疗专业人员无意中投射出来的压力。只是跪下来就完全不同了。)”可推测出，在住院时，一位医生的简单举动让作者感到放松和宽慰。故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“While I wouldn’t wish ill-health on anyone, it can be an inspiring lesson for medical professionals to suddenly be on the other side.(虽然我不希望任何人身体不好，但对于医疗专业人员来说，突然站在另一边可能是一个鼓舞人心的教训。)”和最后一段“Experiencing the role reversal of doctor-turned-patient provided me with profound insights into the realities of pain and effective patient care.(经历了医生转变为病人的角色转变，让我对疼痛和有效的病人护理的现实有了深刻的见解。)”可推测出，由医生转变为病人的经历让作者明白了设身处地为病人着想的重要性。故选C。
（三）
Fashion designers have a big say in what’s considered beautiful. They pick who’s in their shows and ads, shaping what’s celebrated as beauty. But this power also means responsibility — it can be used to leave people out or lift them up.
When I was young, fashion was my world. I pored over various fashion magazines at my local bookstore, desiring to be tall, thin, and have long, shiny hair to fit the ideal. I wanted to be like those models, so I stopped eating. It was a tough time; my eating disorder consumed me. It took years to break free from its control, allowing me to focus on my true passions.
For so long, the fashion industry has worked hard to set an ideal of beauty that celebrates thin, young, white, and able-bodied models as the ideal. It’s impossible not to be exposed to images of models that have been photoshopped to where there’s not a single spot in sight. This idea is everywhere, and it hurts people. Shockingly, around 91% of women are unhappy with their appearance. It’s sad that teens grow up in a society where they deny themselves.
There’s progress — models and musicians promote body positivity. However, the pressure to meet unrealistic standards remains. Changing these standards involves bravely celebrating diverse beauty. True inclusivity goes beyond appearances. It requires diverse decision-makers, photographers, and casting directors cooperating. Young designers often overlook this crucial aspect. Hiring plus-size or transgender photographers, diverse casting directors, or makeup artists who understand the importance of accommodating to various skin tones, is vital for an overall approach.
We aimed to redefine the “bikini body” standards. However, the goal isn’t for the consumer’s body to change but for clothes to accommodate all sizes. We need more fashion for everyone, no matter their size or where they shop. It’s our responsibility as designers to challenge this narrow beauty definition. My hope is for future teens to escape the pressures I faced, developing a fashion industry celebrating diverse identities.
9．What does the underlined phrase “pored over” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Classified carefully. B．Read attentively.
C．Compared thoroughly. D．Recommended sincerely.
10．What is the impact of the initial beauty ideals set by the fashion industry
A．Causing self-denial. B．Generating individuality.
C．Focusing on true passions. D．Contributing to self-confidence.
11．What can be inferred about true inclusivity
A．It encourages personal effort. B．It satisfies traditional standards.
C．It focuses on physical appearances. D．It calls for diversity and cooperation.
12．Which of the following will the author probably agree with
A．Customers will change their body shapes.
B．Future teens will redefine fashion standards.
C．Fashion should celebrate everyone’s uniqueness.
D．“Bikini body” standards should be strengthened.
【答案】9．B 10．A 11．D 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过对时尚标准的讨论，表达了人们应该打破传统观念，建立多样性的时尚标准的观点。
9．词义猜测题。根据上一句“When I was young, fashion was my world.”（当我年轻的时候，时尚就是我的世界。）和划线词所在句“I pored over various fashion magazines at my local bookstore,”（我在当地的书店里pored over各种时尚杂志，）可知，作者对时尚非常着迷，所以在书店应该是仔细阅读了各类时尚杂志，了解关于时尚的信息，“pored over”应该表示“仔细阅读”。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“This idea is everywhere, and it hurts people. Shockingly, around 91% of women are unhappy with their appearance. It’s sad that teens grow up in a society where they deny themselves.”（这种想法无处不在，它伤害了人们。令人震惊的是，约91%的女性对自己的外表不满意。可悲的是，青少年成长在一个他们否定自己的社会中。）可知，时尚界设立的美的标准致使多数女性不满意自己的容貌，从而否定自己。故选 A。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段“True inclusivity goes beyond appearances. It requires diverse decision-makers, photographers, and casting directors cooperating.”（真正的包容超越表象。这需要不同的决策者、摄影师和选角导演的合作。）可知，真正的包容是要求有多样性和合作的，它呼吁不同时尚行业的从业者们进行合作。故选 D。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We need more fashion for everyone, no matter their size or where they shop.”（我们需要为每个人提供更多的时尚，无论他们的身材或他们在哪里购物。）和“My hope is for future teens to escape the pressures I faced, developing a fashion industry celebrating diverse identities.”（我希望未来的青少年能够摆脱我所面临的压力，发展一个崇尚多元化身份的时尚产业。）可知，作者有可能会赞同：时尚界应该崇尚个人的独特性。故选 C。
（四）
One year ago, the Colorado State Fair made headlines for unknowingly awarding first place to an artwork created with help from artificial intelligence. Now, officials with the 151-year-old fair have revised the contest’s rules: Artists must claim whether they used A．I. to make their entries, reports the Denver Post’s John Wenzel.
The saga (事件) began last August, when game designer Jason Allen won the top spot in the fair’s digital arts competition. When he shared his victory online, he mentioned that he’d used Midjourney—an A．I. program that turns text into images—to help create his piece, titled Thé tre D’opéra Spatial.
Allen maintains he was open about using A．I. from the beginning, though judges say they didn’t know until after the fact. Either way, claim wasn’t necessary at the time, meaning Allen never broke any rules.
His victory was controversial—and now, as a result, officials have decided to tweak the submission requirements. At this year’s fair, which took place in Pueblo between August 26 and September 4, artists needed to “tell if art or artwork was created using an Artificial Intelligence Generator,” according to the 2023 requirements.
Allen wasn’t happy about the new requirement, telling the Denver Post that it was essentially a “discriminatory mark” against A．I. artworks. Despite the change, he decided to submit once again to the digital arts category.
The fair’s leaders say they plan to continue adapting as technology advances. As Scott Stoller, the fair’s general manager, tells the Denver Post, the digital arts category itself has only been around for a few decades. In the future, officials may even decide to add a separate A．I. category, depending on how popular tools like Midjourney become.
“That’s the beauty of art—that it’s always evolving,” says Stoller. “Art can be anything, and anything can be made into art.”
13．What can be learnt about Jason Allen
A．He designed an A．I. game program.
B．He opposed the use of A．I. program.
C．He made the rules of an arts contest.
D．He won first place in an art competition.
14．What does the underlined word “tweak” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Select. B．Revise. C．Continue. D．Create.
15．What’s Stoller’s attitude towards the A．I. artworks
A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Approving. D．Dismissive.
16．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．A．I. Artworks, Rock the World B．A．I. Artworks, Lead the Trend
C．A．I. Artworks, Face New Challenages D．A．I. Artworks, Bring New Rules
【答案】13．D 14．B 15．C 16．D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了美国科罗拉多州博览会艺术比赛中，Jason Allen的人工智能画作获得一等奖所引发热议，促使历史悠久的博览会修改了比赛规则。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The saga (事件) began last August, when game designer Jason Allen won the top spot in the fair’s digital arts competition.”（这个事件始于去年8月，当时游戏设计师杰森·艾伦(Jason Allen)赢得了博览会数字艺术竞赛的冠军。）可知，Jason Allen在这次艺术比赛中获得了第一名。故选D项。
14．词义猜测题。根据第四段中“His victory was controversial—and now, as a result, officials have decided to tweak the submission requirements.”（他的胜利是有争议的，因此，现在官员们决定tweak提交要求。）；以及第五段中“Allen wasn’t happy about the new requirement”（Allen对这项新规定并不满意）可知，因为这次事件，主办方对作品提交要求做出了一些改变。“revise”意为“修改，改变”。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段““That’s the beauty of art—that it’s always evolving,” says Stoller. “Art can be anything, and anything can be made into art.””（斯托勒（Stoller）说:“这就是艺术之美——它总是在不断发展。”“艺术可以是任何东西，任何东西都可以成为艺术。”）可知，Stoller对人工智能创作的作品持支持态度。A. Unclear.不清楚的；B. Doubtful.怀疑的； C. Approving.赞成的，同意的； D. Dismissive.鄙视的。故选C项。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Now, officials with the 151-year-old fair have revised the contest’s rules: Artists must claim whether they used A.I. to make their entries, reports the Denver Post’s John Wenzel.”（据《丹佛邮报》的约翰·温泽尔（John Wenzel）报道，现在，这个有着151年历史的博览会的官员修改了比赛规则：艺术家必须声明他们是否使用了人工智能来制作作品。）可知，人工智能创作出的作品让历史悠久的博览会修改了比赛规则。故选D项。突破02 阅读理解之词义猜测题
第一部分：重点难点
上下文猜词义
猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。可利用下列方法：
(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时下文紧跟一个同位语，对上文的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对上文或下文的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
(3)根据构词法进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以加前缀或后缀构成一个新词，如果掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。
(4)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
(5)根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等可知上下句存在转折关系，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
（6）根据举例推测词义。有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。
就近原则找指代
猜测代替词的指代内容，要求判断代词(it, one, they, this, that, these, those, which等)或助动词(do, does, did 等)具体替代什么。可按以下三步进行：返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子→将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。
意义吻合推句意
句意猜测要求通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。具体技巧如下：
(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。对于需要猜测句意的情形，首先要理解句子的前后特定语境，然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理，最后再进行归纳总结，得出答案。
(2)一般来说，正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来转换表达而已。
第二部分：易错失分
易错陷阱1：词义/词组指代易混易错点
【分析】 这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不可少的能力。平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。
易错陷阱2：代词指代猜测易混易错点
【分析】阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着密切的关联。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，应当对前面提到的内容进行总结，认真查找，才能得出代词所指代的事。
易错陷阱3：句意猜测易混易错点
【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子，充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。同时分析理解画线句前后的语境，合理归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。切不可因为句中出现熟词，而脱离语境，望文生义。
【易错点提醒一】 词义/词组指代易混易错点
【例1】 She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster calculations for an accurate Earthmodel. This detailed mathematical model of the shape of the Earth was a building block for what would become the GPS orbit.
What does the underlined phrase “a building block” in paragraph 5 mean
A．A basic part. B．A detailed map.
C．A building material. D．A major obstacle.
【易错点提醒二】 代词指代猜测易混易错点
【例2】 The creators of the wall hope it will bring an urgently needed solution to the threats facing the African continent, creating 10 million jobs in rural areas, as well as preventing 250 million tons of carbon. The initiative is Africa-driven, which for those on the continent, is vital, and may hold the key to success. “The Great Green Wall…is about ownership, and that has been the failure of development aid because people were never identified with it,” said Elvis Paul Tangam, African Union Commissioner for the Sahara and Sahel Great Green Wall Initiative.“But this time they identify. This is the very thing of us!”
What does “us” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to
African Unions. B．All advocates. C．Land owners. D．All Africans.
【易错点提醒三】 句意猜测易混易错点
【例3】Real riches consist of well-developed and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life. Most people are already swamped (淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They live in too big a house with too many rooms, yet their house of life is a hut.
......
The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that______.
A．however materially rich, they never seem to be satisfied
B．however materially rich, they remain spiritually poor
C．though their house is big, they prefer a simple life
D．though their house is big, it seems to be a cage
第三部分：猜题押题
猜题押题理由
词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型, 可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法和一定的解题技巧。因此，为攻克阅读理解之猜测词义，特推出以下阅读理解题。
（一）
At present, in many American cities especially, many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid. They point to jobs such as secretary or truck driver, which often pay more to start than that of a teacher. In many other fields, such as law, medicine, computer science, a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several years.
Teaching has never been a profession that attracted people interested in high salaries. It is by history a profession that has provided rewards in addition to money — the satisfactions of sharing knowledge, of influencing others, of guiding young people. But in the past several years, there are more difficulties in teaching, for many, than there are rewards.
Unruly students, especially in big cities, large classes and a lack of support from the public in terms of money and understanding have led many public school teachers to leave the profession.
As a result, many of the best students, who would have chosen teaching as their life career in the past, are going into other fields.
Another reason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States. Until the late 1960s and 1970s, one of the most popular choices for women was teaching. But as other professions, such as law and medicine opened up to women, women stopped pouring into teacher training programs. Thus, a major pool of excellent candidates for the teaching profession dwindled.
Bit by bit government officials and others realized that the status of the teacher had suffered. They talked about change. But the change in a vast society like the United States is not easy. People’s attitudes have formed over many years, and sometimes change takes many years.
1．What’ s the main idea of paragraph 1
A．Teachers in public schools are paid less than people in other fields in America.
B．Many teachers in the public schools are unemployed.
C．Teachers in America are paid less because they don’t teach long enough.
D．Many public school teachers in America leave school because of low salaries.
2．What might cause a teacher to quit his job according to the passage
A．Too many classes. B．Heavy teaching burden.
C．Disobedient students. D．Lack of support from parents.
3．What does the underlined word “dwindled” mean
A．Expanded. B．Decreased C．Changed. D．Enhanced.
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Government officials are unwilling to change the status of the teachers.
B．Government officials have taken measures to change the status of the teachers.
C．People’s attitudes towards being a teacher in a vast society can be easily changed.
D．It has a long way for the government to go to change the teachers’ present situation.
（二）
Occasionally, doctors become patients too. While I wouldn’t wish ill-health on anyone, it can be an inspiring lesson for medical professionals to suddenly be on the other side.
This happened to me a few months ago when I had a kidney stone, which had decided to make its unwelcome presence known in a rather romantic fashion just as I was going out for dinner. The pain came from absolutely nowhere but within minutes I was incapacitated. I was quite taken aback by how astonishingly painful it was.
As a doctor, I initially refused to believe that anything was seriously wrong, because I have witnessed countless individuals come to the emergency room convinced they are dying only for nothing more than trapped wind and then creep (蹑手蹑脚) out as they burp (打嗝) loudly and the pain disappears. However, the unbearable pain continued to exist, forcing me to acknowledge that this was indeed more than just a stubborn burp,
I was particularly pleased to read afterwards in a medical textbook that renal colic, as the pain is known, is the “most painful event a person can endure, often described as being worse than childbirth”. It’s no wonder chronic (慢性的) pain drives people mad. While doctors talk about pain and its management, it’s hard to put into words how exhausting it really is until you’ve experienced it for yourself.
During my time in hospital, I interacted with numerous doctors, each exhibiting professionalism and kindness but one stuck out in my mind. He was actually the most junior of them all, but something about his manner was incredibly calming and comforting. Whenever he came to my bed to speak to me, he knelt down so he was at my eye level. This simple act rid me of the stress that other healthcare professionals unintentionally projected. Just kneeling down made all the difference.
Experiencing the role reversal of doctor-turned-patient provided me with profound insights into the realities of pain and effective patient care.
5．What does the underlined phrase taken aback in paragraph 2 mean
A．Shocked. B．Impressed. C．Annoyed. D．Moved.
6．What did the author initially think of those patients in the emergency room
A．Pitiful. B．Understandable. C．Embarrassing. D．Ridiculous.
7．What impressed the author most during his stay in hospital
A．The intense pain caused by the kidney stone. B．A small gesture bringing ease and relief.
C．Stress caused by the healthcare workers. D．Doctors with professionalism and kindness.
8．What lesson did the author learn from this experience
A．Experience must be bought. B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．Put yourself in someone else’s shoes. D．Health is not valued till sickness comes.
（三）
Fashion designers have a big say in what’s considered beautiful. They pick who’s in their shows and ads, shaping what’s celebrated as beauty. But this power also means responsibility — it can be used to leave people out or lift them up.
When I was young, fashion was my world. I pored over various fashion magazines at my local bookstore, desiring to be tall, thin, and have long, shiny hair to fit the ideal. I wanted to be like those models, so I stopped eating. It was a tough time; my eating disorder consumed me. It took years to break free from its control, allowing me to focus on my true passions.
For so long, the fashion industry has worked hard to set an ideal of beauty that celebrates thin, young, white, and able-bodied models as the ideal. It’s impossible not to be exposed to images of models that have been photoshopped to where there’s not a single spot in sight. This idea is everywhere, and it hurts people. Shockingly, around 91% of women are unhappy with their appearance. It’s sad that teens grow up in a society where they deny themselves.
There’s progress — models and musicians promote body positivity. However, the pressure to meet unrealistic standards remains. Changing these standards involves bravely celebrating diverse beauty. True inclusivity goes beyond appearances. It requires diverse decision-makers, photographers, and casting directors cooperating. Young designers often overlook this crucial aspect. Hiring plus-size or transgender photographers, diverse casting directors, or makeup artists who understand the importance of accommodating to various skin tones, is vital for an overall approach.
We aimed to redefine the “bikini body” standards. However, the goal isn’t for the consumer’s body to change but for clothes to accommodate all sizes. We need more fashion for everyone, no matter their size or where they shop. It’s our responsibility as designers to challenge this narrow beauty definition. My hope is for future teens to escape the pressures I faced, developing a fashion industry celebrating diverse identities.
9．What does the underlined phrase “pored over” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Classified carefully. B．Read attentively.
C．Compared thoroughly. D．Recommended sincerely.
10．What is the impact of the initial beauty ideals set by the fashion industry
A．Causing self-denial. B．Generating individuality.
C．Focusing on true passions. D．Contributing to self-confidence.
11．What can be inferred about true inclusivity
A．It encourages personal effort. B．It satisfies traditional standards.
C．It focuses on physical appearances. D．It calls for diversity and cooperation.
12．Which of the following will the author probably agree with
A．Customers will change their body shapes.
B．Future teens will redefine fashion standards.
C．Fashion should celebrate everyone’s uniqueness.
D．“Bikini body” standards should be strengthened.
（四）
One year ago, the Colorado State Fair made headlines for unknowingly awarding first place to an artwork created with help from artificial intelligence. Now, officials with the 151-year-old fair have revised the contest’s rules: Artists must claim whether they used A．I. to make their entries, reports the Denver Post’s John Wenzel.
The saga (事件) began last August, when game designer Jason Allen won the top spot in the fair’s digital arts competition. When he shared his victory online, he mentioned that he’d used Midjourney—an A．I. program that turns text into images—to help create his piece, titled Thé tre D’opéra Spatial.
Allen maintains he was open about using A．I. from the beginning, though judges say they didn’t know until after the fact. Either way, claim wasn’t necessary at the time, meaning Allen never broke any rules.
His victory was controversial—and now, as a result, officials have decided to tweak the submission requirements. At this year’s fair, which took place in Pueblo between August 26 and September 4, artists needed to “tell if art or artwork was created using an Artificial Intelligence Generator,” according to the 2023 requirements.
Allen wasn’t happy about the new requirement, telling the Denver Post that it was essentially a “discriminatory mark” against A．I. artworks. Despite the change, he decided to submit once again to the digital arts category.
The fair’s leaders say they plan to continue adapting as technology advances. As Scott Stoller, the fair’s general manager, tells the Denver Post, the digital arts category itself has only been around for a few decades. In the future, officials may even decide to add a separate A．I. category, depending on how popular tools like Midjourney become.
“That’s the beauty of art—that it’s always evolving,” says Stoller. “Art can be anything, and anything can be made into art.”
13．What can be learnt about Jason Allen
A．He designed an A．I. game program.
B．He opposed the use of A．I. program.
C．He made the rules of an arts contest.
D．He won first place in an art competition.
14．What does the underlined word “tweak” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Select. B．Revise. C．Continue. D．Create.
15．What’s Stoller’s attitude towards the A．I. artworks
A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Approving. D．Dismissive.
16．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．A．I. Artworks, Rock the World B．A．I. Artworks, Lead the Trend
C．A．I. Artworks, Face New Challenages D．A．I. Artworks, Bring New Rules
