突破06 完形填空之记叙文
第一部分：重点难点
在记叙文类完形填空的解题过程中，要重点掌握正确的解题思路，起到事半功倍的效果。
读透首句，掌握主旨
重视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句首对学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文章内在联系的＂突破口＂。
跳空速读全文，掌握中心
速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素，如：时间、地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。
身临其境，故事重构
采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，体会人物的心情，推理故事的发展，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。
关注末段，注意感想
最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。
浏览全文，复查核定
根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点是：（1）语意是否前后一致；（2）上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；（3）所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构；（4）文化背景和生活常识是否合理。
第二部分：易错失分
常见的易错点
1. 孤立地就题答题，忽视语境关系。
2. 不能合理地运用背景知识和社会常识进行解题。
3. 不能把握句子间的逻辑关系。
4. 没有全局观，忽视语篇情感。
5. 不能把握文章的主旨大意。
常见的失分点
忽视语境关系
忽视背景常识
忽视逻辑关系
忽视语篇情感
忽视文章大意
第三部分：猜题押题
猜题押题理由
近三年高考完形填空对考生在语篇中准确理解和灵活运用词汇的能力的考查尤为突出，主要涉及名词、(短语)动词、形容词和副词的词义理解、一词多义的积累、以及熟词生义的判断。
预计2024年高考完形填空对词汇的考查仍将以实词为主，且突出语境化的特点。在备考过程中，考生应注意夯实基础词汇知识，增加词汇储备量，尤其要注意课标词汇中的多义词、派生词等，同时提高语言运用能力。因此，特推出完形填空对记叙文考察的试题。
（一）
Rumeysa Gurbuz was at home asleep on February 6 in the city of Iskenderun on Turkey’s Mediterranean coast when a magnitude 7. 8 earthquake attacked the region. The quake caused 1 damage in Iskenderun. Fortunately, her beloved pet cat Leyla woke her up 15 minutes before the earthquake 2 , enabling her to 3 . When the quake hit, Gurbuz jumped out the window of her home, only 4 her legs.
“If I hadn’t woken up, I would have been in the 5 , Gurbuz said in comments provided to Newsweek by animal welfare nonprofit Humane Society International (HSI). ”I 6 her a lot. We are alive, and there is 7 .”
After being injured in the quake, Gurbuz was 8 to a hospital. But she posted an article on the Internet in a desperate attempt to 9 Leyla. HSI saw the 10 and began searching for the cat but finally was 11 .
Kelly Donithan, HSI’s director of animal disaster response who was helping to 12 Leyla, asked Gurbuz to send her a voice message calling the pet’s name in an attempt to 13 the cat out. After a lot of 14 , the trick worked and the 15 pet finally emerged from the ruins.
1．A．potential B．significant C．some D．possible
2．A．struck B．stopped C．spread D．accelerated
3．A．help B．shout C．cry D．escape
4．A．protecting B．cutting C．injuring D．losing
5．A．shelter B．ruins C．house D．square
6．A．love B．hurt C．owe D．cheat
7．A．hope B．time C．family D．home
8．A．sent B．returned C．guided D．released
9．A．memorize B．honor C．find D．miss
10．A．notice B．post C．picture D．letter
11．A．unforgettable B．shameful C．satisfying D．unsuccessful
12．A．catch B．await C．expect D．locate
13．A．pull B．attract C．chase D．frighten
14．A．patience B．advice C．passion D．warning
15．A．happy B．surprised C．scared D．sad
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Rumeysa Gurbuz所在的城市遭遇严重地震，多亏了她的猫莱拉，她及时逃生了，只伤到了腿。她最终也在动物福利组织的帮助下找回了受惊的莱拉。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：地震在伊斯肯德伦造成了严重的破坏。A. potential潜在的；B. significant严重的，重要的；C. some一些；D. possible可能的。根据上文“Rumeysa Gurbuz was at home asleep on February 6 in the city of Iskenderun on Turkey’s Mediterranean coast when a magnitude 7.8 earthquake attacked the region.(2月6日，土耳其地中海沿岸城市伊斯肯德伦发生7.8级地震， Rumeysa Gurbuz正在家中睡觉)”可知，此处指地震造成了严重的破坏。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，她心爱的宠物猫莱拉在地震发生前15分钟叫醒了她，使她得以逃生。A. struck打，袭击；B. stopped停止；C. spread传播；D. accelerated加速。根据上文“before the earthquake”此处指地震袭来应用动词struck。后文“the quake hit”也是提示。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，她心爱的宠物猫莱拉在地震发生前15分钟叫醒了她，使她得以逃生。A. help帮助；B. shout叫喊；C. cry哭泣；D. escape逃走。根据上文“her beloved pet cat Leyla woke her up 15 minutes before the earthquake”可知，因为被猫叫醒，她得以从地震中逃生。故选D。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：地震来袭时，Gurbuz从她家的窗户跳了出去，只伤了腿。A. protecting保护；B. cutting切割；C. injuring受伤；D. losing失去。根据后文“After being injured in the quake”此处指她的腿受伤了。故选C。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“如果我没有醒来，我就会在废墟里，”Gurbuz在动物福利非营利组织国际人道协会向《新闻周刊》提供的评论中说。A. shelter庇护所；B. ruins废墟；C. house房子；D. square广场。根据上文“If I hadn’t woken up, I would have been in the”为虚拟语气可知，此处指没有从地震中逃生就会被埋在废墟里。故选B。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我欠她很多。A. love爱；B. hurt伤害；C. owe欠钱；D. cheat欺骗。根据上文可知，她的猫救了她的命，所以说欠她很多，owe sb. a lot表示“亏欠某人”。故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们还活着，还有希望。A. hope希望；B. time时间；C. family家庭；D. home家。根据上文“We are alive, and there is”指活着就有希望。故选A。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在地震中受伤后，Gurbuz被送往医院。A. sent发送；B. returned返回；C. guided指导；D. released释放。根据后文“to a hospital”可知，她因为受伤被送往医院了。故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她在网上发了一篇文章非常想找到莱拉。A. memorize记住；B. honor尊重；C. find找到；D. miss错过。根据后文“began searching for the cat”可知，发帖是为了找到自己的猫莱拉。故选C。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：HSI看到了这个帖子，开始寻找这只猫，但最终没有成功。A. notice通知；B. post帖子；C. picture图片；D. letter信。呼应上文“she posted an article on the Internet”指看到网上发布找猫的帖子。故选B。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：HSI看到了这个帖子，开始寻找这只猫，但最终没有成功。A. unforgettable难忘的；B. shameful羞愧的；C. satisfying令人满意的；D. unsuccessful不成功的。根据上文“but finally was”中but表示转折，说明找猫没有成功。故选D。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：帮助找到莱拉的动物灾难反应主任凯利·多尼森让Gurbuz给她发一条叫着莱拉名字的语音信息，试图把这只猫吸引出来。A. catch抓住；B. await等待；C. expect期待；D. locate定位，找到。根据上文“Kelly Donithan, HSI’s director of animal disaster response who was helping to”可知，主任凯利·多尼森想要帮助找到莱拉，即确定猫的位置，故选D。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：帮助找到莱拉的动物灾难反应主任凯利·多尼森让Gurbuz给她发一条叫着莱拉名字的语音信息，试图把这只猫吸引出来。A. pull拉；B. attract吸引；C. chase追赶；D. frighten使害怕。根据上文“a voice message calling the pet’s name in an attempt to”可知，信息的目的是为了吸引猫听到主人的声音出来。故选B。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过一番耐心等待，这招奏效了，受惊的宠物终于从废墟中钻了出来。A. patience耐心；B. advice建议；C. passion激情；D. warning警告。根据上文可知要通过声音吸引猫出来需要耐心。故选A。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过一番耐心等待，这招奏效了，受惊的宠物终于从废墟中钻了出来。A. happy快乐的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. scared害怕的；D. sad悲伤的。根据后文“pet finally emerged from the ruins”可知，猫因为地震受惊，最终从废墟里出来了。故选C。
（二）
The doorbell rang one mid-December evening. I frequently had unexpected visitors in those early days after my husband’s 16 . But when my 6-year-old son opened the door, nobody was there. 17 , on the doormat was a box, tied with a silver 18 and a note that said “On the First Day of Christmas...” A mystery.
Sam had died that fall, 19 me the single parent of our two boys, 6 and 8. My sons and I had already 20 to deal with Halloween, and Thanksgiving without Daddy. Still, I was afraid of Christmas. How could December have 21 without my husband
The next night, the doorbell rang again. Another 22 came, decorated with the same silver ribbon (带子) and 23 the same card reading “On the Second Day of Christmas...”
For the next couple of nights, my boys waited near the front door to see who was leaving the gifts, but the bearer would always choose the moment they left to 24 .
I didn’t know who the secret Santa was. But there was one thing I did know. In those dark days of 25 , somebody was shining a light our way with a simple but 26 message: “You are loved.” It was such a strange feeling, to be left in darkness on the one hand and drawn so firmly toward 27 on the other. I believe hope will make a(n) 28 .
After 11 days of offerings, we weren’t sure what to 29 when we approached home on that 12th night. I trusted there would be 30 .
16．A．promotion B．death C．retirement D．operation
17．A．Otherwise B．Besides C．Instead D．Therefore
18．A．rope B．paper C．flower D．ribbon
19．A．leaving B．finding C．naming D．considering
20．A．agreed B．planned C．managed D．promised
21．A．arrived B．returned C．ended D．escaped
22．A．book B．toy C．box D．pet
23．A．designing B．including C．showing D．making
24．A．get through B．set off C．move on D．turn up
25．A．regret B．sadness C．anger D．disappointment
26．A．annoying B．funny C．urgent D．powerful
27．A．dream B．light C．future D．home
28．A．difference B．effort C．comparison D．contribution
29．A．support B．offer C．expect D．appreciate
30．A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything
【答案】
16．B 17．C 18．D 19．A 20．C 21．A 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．B 26．D 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个作者在丈夫去世后，她和两个儿子在圣诞节期间收到了一系列神秘的礼物，给她们带来了温暖和希望。她们不知道是谁送的礼物，但通过这些礼物，她们感受到了自己被爱的感觉。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我丈夫去世后的最初几天里，我经常有不速之客。A. promotion晋升；B. death死亡；C. retirement退休；D. operation手术。根据“Sam had died that fall”可知，作者的丈夫去世了。故选B。
17．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，门垫上却放着一个被银丝带包装好的盒子，上面附着一张纸条，上面写着“圣诞节的第一天……”一个谜团。A. Otherwise否则；B. Besides此外；C. Instead反而；D. Therefore因此。根据“nobody was there.”可知，虽然门铃响了，可是开门之后却没有人，反而会有一个包装好的盒子。故选C。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. rope绳子；B. paper纸；C. flower花；D. ribbon丝带。根据“on the doormat was a box, tied with a silver”可知，门口放置的是一个被银丝带包装好的盒子。故选D。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：山姆在那年秋天去世了，留下我独自抚养两个儿子，一个6岁，一个8岁。A. leaving留下；B. finding找到；C. naming命名；D. considering考虑。根据“me the single parent of our two boys, 6 and 8.”可知，丈夫的去世留下作者独自抚养两个儿子。故选A。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的儿子和我已经成功度过了没有爸爸的万圣节和感恩节。A. agreed同意；B. planned计划；C. managed做成；D. promised承诺。根据“to deal with Halloween, and Thanksgiving without Daddy.”可知，作者的儿子和自己已经成功度过了没有爸爸的万圣节和感恩节。故选C。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，我还是害怕圣诞节。12月怎么能没有我丈夫呢？A. arrived到达；B. returned返回；C. ended结束；D. escaped逃脱。根据“How could December”可知，圣诞节即将到来，故12月份的到来让作者感到害怕，因为丈夫的不在。故选A。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：又来了一个盒子，上面装饰着同样的银丝带，上面写着同样的卡片：“在圣诞节的第二天……”A. book书；B. toy玩具；C. box盒子；D. pet宠物。根据“on the doormat was a box”可知，这一次又是一个盒子。故选C。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. designing设计；B. including包括；C. showing展示；D. making制作。根据“the same card”可知，又来了一个盒子，上面装饰着同样的银丝带，上面包含着与第一次一样的卡片。故选B。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：接下来的几个晚上，我的儿子们在前门附近等着看是谁留下了礼物，但拿礼物的人总是选择在他们离开的时候出现。A. get through度过；B. set off出发；C. move on继续前进；D. turn up出现。根据“but the bearer would always choose the moment they left to”可知，儿子们在前门附近等着看是谁留下了礼物，但拿礼物的人总是选择在他们离开的时候出现。故选D。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那些悲伤的黑暗日子里，有人用一个简单但有力的信息为我们照亮了道路：“你被爱着。”A. regret后悔；B. sadness悲伤；C. anger愤怒；D. disappointment失望。根据“Sam had died that fall”以及“Still, I was afraid of Christmas. How could December have _______ without my husband ”可知，丈夫去世对作者来说是悲伤的黑暗的日子。故选B。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. annoying讨厌的；B. funny有趣的；C. urgent紧急的；D. powerful强大的。根据“somebody was shining a light our way with a simple but”可知，虽然陌生人留下了简单的但是有力的信息为作者一家人照亮了道路，前后构成转折关系。故选D。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一种多么奇怪的感觉，一方面被留在黑暗中，另一方面又被牢牢地拉向光明。A. dream梦想；B. light光亮的；C. future未来的；D. home家。根据“in darkness on the one hand”可知，此处构成对比即一方面被留在黑暗中，另一方面又被牢牢地拉向光明。故选B。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信希望会起作用。A. difference差别；B. effort努力；C. comparison比较；D. contribution贡献。根据“hope”可知，作者相信希望会起作用。故选A。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过11天的提供（礼物赠送），我们不确定在第12个晚上回到家时会发生什么。A. support支持；B. offer提供；C. expect期望，预计；D. appreciate感激。根据“we weren’t sure”可知，作者一家人不确定在第12个晚上回到家时会发生什么。故选C。
30．考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：我相信一定会有某些东西。A. something某物；B. nothing没有东西；C. anything任何东西；D. everything一切事。根据“After 11 days of offerings”可知，因为连续11天有人为作者家人赠送礼物，因此作者相信第12天一定也会有东西在门口。故选A。
（三）
My two-year-old daughter was playing with groceries in my shopping cart (购物车). A gentleman stood behind me with three 31 . He looked at his watch and me. While my daughter was 32 well, I knew she couldn’t stay there any longer. The man obviously was in a 33 , and he’d be behind me a long time. I 34 to let him go first. “Thank you,” he replied 35 stepping ahead of me. His face lit up with 36 .
When the line moved forward I started 37 my cart. As I hurriedly opened my purse, my heart 38 :I forgot to bring my bank card. The gentleman had paid and was 39 his groceries. “Can you just put my 40 on the side please ” I was 41 . The gentleman said, “I’ll pay for her order.” But I 42 , having over $250 worth of groceries. “You can just send me a check.” He 43 . “That’s too much of a car trip for the little girl.”
I was always willing to help others. However, there was a new feeling I 44 when I got help from others. I was shocked that a complete stranger would 45 another with a loan of that amount.
31．A．toys B．bags C．items D．dollars
32．A．behaving B．studying C．eating D．resting
33．A．panic B．hurry C．mess D．mood
34．A．failed B．offered C．agreed D．promised
35．A．patiently B．constantly C．appreciatively D．eventually
36．A．respect B．confidence C．determination D．pleasure
37．A．unloading B．unfolding C．unwrapping D．uncovering
38．A．ached B．broke C．beat D．sank
39．A．picking up B．looking over C．handing out D．giving away
40．A．purse B．card C．daughter D．stuff
41．A．annoyed B．discouraged C．confused D．astonished
42．A．hesitated B．panicked C．regretted D．rejected
43．A．confirmed B．joked C．smiled D．insisted
44．A．remembered B．feared C．experienced D．shared
45．A．trust B．praise C．thank D．reward
【答案】
31．C 32．A 33．B 34．B 35．C 36．D 37．A 38．D 39．A 40．D 41．B 42．D 43．C 44．C 45．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在商店和女儿购物的时候发现自己忘了带银行卡，没办法结账，这时前面的绅士主动提出帮作者结账，让作者感到被陌生人信任的感觉。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位先生拿着三件东西站在我身后。A. toys玩具；B. bags包；C. items物品；D. dollars美元。根据上文“My two-year-old daughter was playing with groceries in my shopping cart.(我两岁的女儿正在我的购物车里玩杂货)”可知，此处指先生有三件物品要买，故选C。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我女儿表现得很好，但我知道她不能再呆在那里了。A. behaving表现，行为；B. studying学习；C. eating吃；D. resting休息。根据上文“My two-year-old daughter was playing with groceries in my shopping cart.(我两岁的女儿正在我的购物车里玩杂货)”可知，此处指女儿在作者身边表现很好，故选A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个人显然很匆忙，他在我后面待很长时间。A. panic恐慌；B. hurry急忙；C. mess肮脏；D. mood情绪。根据上文“He looked at his watch and me.(他看了看手表，又看了看我)”可知，这人看表说明赶时间，短语be in a hurry表示“急忙”。故选B。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我提出让他先走。A. failed失败；B. offered提议；C. agreed同意；D. promised承诺。根据后文“to let him go first”可知，作者提议让赶时间的这人先走。故选B。
35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“谢谢。”他感激地走到我前面回答。A. patiently耐心地；B. constantly持续地；C. appreciatively感激地；D. eventually最后。根据上文“Thank you”可知，对方很感激作者的行为。故选C。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他高兴得容光焕发。A. respect尊重；B. confidence自信；C. determination决心；D. pleasure快乐。根据上文“His face lit up with”可知，绅士因为作者的善举而快乐。故选D。
37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当队伍向前移动时，我开始从购物车里卸下东西。A. unloading卸载；B. unfolding打开；C. unwrapping展开；D. uncovering揭露。根据上文“playing with groceries in my shopping cart”此处指从购物车里把杂货卸下来结账。故选A。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我匆忙打开钱包的时候，我的心一沉：我忘记带银行卡了。A. ached疼痛；B. broke打破；C. beat打；D. sank下沉。根据后文“I forgot to bring my bank card.”可知，作者因为忘了带银行卡心一沉。故选D。
39．考查动词短语辨析。句意：那位先生付了钱，正在取他的杂货。A. picking up捡起；B. looking over检查；C. handing out分发；D. giving away赠送。根据上文“The gentleman had paid ”可知，前面的绅士结了账正在拿取自己的东西。故选A。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你能把我的东西放到一边吗？”A. purse钱包；B. card卡片；C. daughter女儿；D. stuff东西。根据上文可知作者在商店里购物，结果忘了带银行卡，所以此处作者提出把要买的东西放到一边。故选D。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很沮丧。A. annoyed生气的；B. discouraged沮丧的；C. confused困惑的；D. astonished惊讶的。根据上文“I forgot to bring my bank card.”可知，作者忘了带银行卡无法结账，所以沮丧。故选B。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我拒绝了，因为我拿了价值250多美元的杂货。A. hesitated犹豫；B. panicked恐慌；C. regretted后悔；D. rejected拒绝。根据后文“having over $250 worth of groceries”可知，作者要买的东西很多，所以拒绝了绅士的提议。故选D。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你可以寄支票给我。”他微笑。A. confirmed确认；B. joked 开玩笑；C. smiled微笑；D. insisted坚持。根据上文“You can just send me a check.(你可以寄支票给我)”可知，绅士微笑提出解决方案。故选C。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我得到别人的帮助时，我有了一种新的感觉。A. remembered记得；B. feared恐惧；C. experienced经历；D. shared分享。根据上文“there was a new feeling I”可知，作者体验到了一种新的感觉。故选C。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很震惊，一个完全陌生的人竟然会信任另一个人，把那么多钱借给他。A. trust信任；B. praise赞美；C. thank感谢；D. reward奖励。根据后文“another with a loan of that amount”可知，绅士借给作者250美元是出于信任。故选A。
（四）
Growing up on a farm, Tori James spent much of her early years outdoors, building shelters and playing in muddy streams. She 46 herself as an ambitious and adventurous child and owes the Duke of Edinburgh Award to her love for 47 . James says she could never have 48 that one day she might be the youngest British woman to 49 the peak of Mount Everest.
Today, James is a(n) 50 adventurer. Alongside her successful climb of the world’s 51 peak in 2007, she was a member of the first all-female team to 52 a tiring 650-kilometre ski race to the Magnetic North Pole in 2005, and in 2014 she set the 53 for the longest non-stop open-sea kayak crossing in UK waters.
Yet ahead of her first exploration at the age of 18, James had 54 her ability to last a month out in the cold without the comfort of a hot bath. “It’s only by 55 our comfort zone that we understand our true potential,” she explains, “That’s when the 56 happens.”
James encourages would-be adventurers not to be 57 by the conventional image of the rugged (粗犷的), hardy explorer. “I am such a believer that, with the right support and skills, everyone can bring 58 to an exploration,” she adds, “Sometimes, it’s only out in the field that someone’s 59 talents emerge, 60 in the process of exploration.”
46．A．describes B．admits C．imagines D．praises
47．A．wildlife B．science C．exploration D．competition
48．A．explained B．understood C．declared D．predicted
49．A．measure B．approach C．admire D．reach
50．A．patient B．ordinary C．professional D．honest
51．A．coldest B．highest C．prettiest D．straightest
52．A．complete B．coach C．judge D．cancel
53．A．record B．date C．goal D．standard
54．A．lost B．doubted C．limited D．developed
55．A．entering B．restoring C．leaving D．expanding
56．A．emergency B．accident C．event D．magic
57．A．pushed ahead B．kept apart C．cheered up D．put off
58．A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything
59．A．academic B．creative C．hidden D．artistic
60．A．eventually B．particularly C．generally D．obviously
【答案】
46．A 47．C 48．D 49．D 50．C 51．B 52．A 53．A 54．B 55．C 56．D 57．D 58．A 59．C 60．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了托里·詹姆斯从小喜欢探险，长大后成为专业的探险家，从而也形成了自己对探险旅行的独特见解。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把自己描述成一个雄心勃勃、爱冒险的孩子，并将爱丁堡公爵奖归功于她对探索的热爱。A. describes描述；B. admits承认；C. imagines想象；D. praises赞扬。根据后文“herself as an ambitious and adventurous child”可知，这是托里·詹姆斯自己对自己的描述。故选A项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她把自己描述一个雄心勃勃、爱冒险的孩子，并将爱丁堡公爵奖归功于她对探索的热爱。A. wildlife野生动物；B. science科学；C. exploration探索；D. competition竞争。根据前文的“Tori James spent much of her early years outdoors, building shelters and playing in muddy streams.”可知，托里·詹姆斯热爱探索。故选C项。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：詹姆斯说，她从来没有预料到有一天她可能会成为到达珠穆朗玛峰最年轻的英国女性。A. explained解释；B. understood理解；C. declared声明；D. predicted预料。根据后文的“that one day she might be the youngest British woman to 4 the peak of Mount Everest”可知，她会成为登上珠穆朗玛峰最年轻的英国女性，这样的成就是她以前没有预料到的。故选D项。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：詹姆斯说，她从来没有预料到有一天她可能会成为到达珠穆朗玛峰最年轻的英国女性。A. measure测量；B. approach接近；C. admire钦佩；D. reach到达。根据后文的“the peak of Mount Everest.”可知，她到达珠穆朗玛峰。故选D项。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，詹姆斯是一名职业冒险家。A. patient有耐心的；B. ordinary普通的；C. professional专业的；D. honest诚实的。根据后文的“Alongside her successful climb of the world’s peak in 2007, she was a member of the first all-female team to a tiring 650-kilometre ski race to the Magnetic North Pole in 2005, and in 2014 she set the for the longest non-stop open-sea kayak crossing in UK waters.”可知，詹姆斯是一名职业冒险家。故选C项。
51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她在2007年成功攀登了世界最高峰，2005年，她是第一支全女子团队的成员，完成了650公里的滑雪比赛，到达磁北极。A. coldest最冷的；B. highest最高的；C. prettiest最漂亮的；D. straightest最直的。根据前文的“the youngest British woman to the peak of Mount Everest.”可知，她攀登的是珠穆朗玛峰，是世界最高峰。故选B项。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在2007年成功攀登了世界最高峰，2005年，她是第一支全女子团队的成员，完成了650公里的滑雪比赛，到达磁北极。A. complete完成；B. coach训练；C. judge判断；D. cancel取消。根据前文“Alongside her successful climb of the world’s peak in 2007”和后文“a tiring 650-kilometre ski race to the Magnetic North Pole in 2005”可知，詹姆斯不但成功攀登了世界最高峰，也完成了650公里的滑雪比赛。故选A项。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2014年，她创造了英国水域最长的不间断公海皮划艇穿越纪录。A. record记录；B. date日期；C. goal目标；D. standard标准。根据后文的“for the longest non-stop open-sea kayak crossing in UK waters”可知，她创造了英国水域最长的不间断公海皮划艇穿越纪录。故选A项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在她18岁的第一次探险之前，詹姆斯怀疑自己是否能在没有热水澡舒适的情况下在寒冷中坚持一个月。A. lost丢失；B. doubted怀疑；C. limited限制；D. developed发展。根据前文的“ahead of her first exploration at the age of 18”可推知，在第一次探险之前詹姆斯对自己的能力充满怀疑。故选B项。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“只有离开舒适区，我们才能了解自己真正的潜力，”她解释说，“那就是奇迹发生的时候。”A. entering进入；B. restoring恢复；C. leaving离开；D. expanding扩大。根据后文的“our comfort zone that we understand our true potential”可知，要离开舒适区，才能了解自己真正的潜力。故选C项。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“只有离开舒适区，我们才能了解自己真正的潜力，”她解释说，“那就是奇迹发生的时候。”A. emergency紧急情况；B. accident事故；C. event事件；D. magic奇迹，魔术。根据前文的“It’s only by our comfort zone that we understand our true potential”可知，只有离开舒适区，我们才能了解自己真正的潜力，才会像她一样突破自己，奇迹才会发生。故选D项。
57．考查动词短语辨析。句意：詹姆斯鼓励想要成为冒险者的人不要被传统的粗犷、顽强的探险家形象使得失去兴趣。A. pushed ahead向前推进；B. kept apart分开；C. cheered up欢呼；D. put off使失去兴趣，推迟。根据后文的“by the conventional image of the rugged (粗犷的), hardy explorer”可知，传统的粗犷、顽强的探险家形象很有可能会使想要成为冒险者的人失去兴趣。故选D项。
58．考查代词词义辨析。句意：她补充道：“我坚信，只要得到适当的支持和技能，每个人都能在探索中有所作为。有时候，只有在这个领域，人们隐藏的才能才能显现出来，尤其是在探索的过程中。”A. something某事；B. nothing没有什么；C. anything任何事；D. everything每件事。根据前文的“I am such a believer that, with the right support and skills, everyone can bring...”可推知，只要得到适当的支持和技能，每个人都能在探索中有所作为。故选A项。
59．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她补充道：“我坚信，只要得到适当的支持和技能，每个人都能在探索中有所作为。有时候，只有在这个领域，人们隐藏的才能才能显现出来，尤其是在探索的过程中。”A. academic学术的；B. creative创造性的；C. hidden隐藏的；D. artistic艺术的。根据后文的“talents emerge”可知，隐藏的才能显现出来。故选C项。
60．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她补充道：“我坚信，只要得到适当的支持和技能，每个人都能在探索中有所作为。有时候，只有在这个领域，人们隐藏的才能才能显现出来，尤其是在探索的过程中。”A. eventually最终；B. particularly特别；C. generally一般 ；D. obviously显然。根据前文的“Sometimes, it’s only out in the field that someone’s talents emerge”和后文“in the process of exploration.”可知，尤其是在探索的过程中，才能激发人们的潜力，人们隐藏的才能才能显现出来。故选B项。突破06 完形填空之记叙文
第一部分：重点难点
在记叙文类完形填空的解题过程中，要重点掌握正确的解题思路，起到事半功倍的效果。
读透首句，掌握主旨重视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句首对学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文章内在联系的＂突破口＂。
跳空速读全文，掌握中心
速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素，如：时间、地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。
身临其境，故事重构
采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，体会人物的心情，推理故事的发展，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。
关注末段，注意感想
最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。
浏览全文，复查核定
根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点是：（1）语意是否前后一致；（2）上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；（3）所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构；（4）文化背景和生活常识是否合理。
第二部分：易错失分
常见的易错点
1. 孤立地就题答题，忽视语境关系。
2. 不能合理地运用背景知识和社会常识进行解题。
3. 不能把握句子间的逻辑关系。
4. 没有全局观，忽视语篇情感。
5. 不能把握文章的主旨大意。
常见的失分点
忽视语境关系
忽视背景常识
忽视逻辑关系
忽视语篇情感
忽视文章大意
第三部分：猜题押题
猜题押题理由
近三年高考完形填空对考生在语篇中准确理解和灵活运用词汇的能力的考查尤为突出，主要涉及名词、(短语)动词、形容词和副词的词义理解、一词多义的积累、以及熟词生义的判断。
预计2024年高考完形填空对词汇的考查仍将以实词为主，且突出语境化的特点。在备考过程中，考生应注意夯实基础词汇知识，增加词汇储备量，尤其要注意课标词汇中的多义词、派生词等，同时提高语言运用能力。因此，特推出完形填空对记叙文考察的试题。
（一）
Rumeysa Gurbuz was at home asleep on February 6 in the city of Iskenderun on Turkey’s Mediterranean coast when a magnitude 7. 8 earthquake attacked the region. The quake caused 1 damage in Iskenderun. Fortunately, her beloved pet cat Leyla woke her up 15 minutes before the earthquake 2 , enabling her to 3 . When the quake hit, Gurbuz jumped out the window of her home, only 4 her legs.
“If I hadn’t woken up, I would have been in the 5 , Gurbuz said in comments provided to Newsweek by animal welfare nonprofit Humane Society International (HSI). ”I 6 her a lot. We are alive, and there is 7 .”
After being injured in the quake, Gurbuz was 8 to a hospital. But she posted an article on the Internet in a desperate attempt to 9 Leyla. HSI saw the 10 and began searching for the cat but finally was 11 .
Kelly Donithan, HSI’s director of animal disaster response who was helping to 12 Leyla, asked Gurbuz to send her a voice message calling the pet’s name in an attempt to 13 the cat out. After a lot of 14 , the trick worked and the 15 pet finally emerged from the ruins.
1．A．potential B．significant C．some D．possible
2．A．struck B．stopped C．spread D．accelerated
3．A．help B．shout C．cry D．escape
4．A．protecting B．cutting C．injuring D．losing
5．A．shelter B．ruins C．house D．square
6．A．love B．hurt C．owe D．cheat
7．A．hope B．time C．family D．home
8．A．sent B．returned C．guided D．released
9．A．memorize B．honor C．find D．miss
10．A．notice B．post C．picture D．letter
11．A．unforgettable B．shameful C．satisfying D．unsuccessful
12．A．catch B．await C．expect D．locate
13．A．pull B．attract C．chase D．frighten
14．A．patience B．advice C．passion D．warning
15．A．happy B．surprised C．scared D．sad
（二）
The doorbell rang one mid-December evening. I frequently had unexpected visitors in those early days after my husband’s 16 . But when my 6-year-old son opened the door, nobody was there. 17 , on the doormat was a box, tied with a silver 18 and a note that said “On the First Day of Christmas...” A mystery.
Sam had died that fall, 19 me the single parent of our two boys, 6 and 8. My sons and I had already 20 to deal with Halloween, and Thanksgiving without Daddy. Still, I was afraid of Christmas. How could December have 21 without my husband
The next night, the doorbell rang again. Another 22 came, decorated with the same silver ribbon (带子) and 23 the same card reading “On the Second Day of Christmas...”
For the next couple of nights, my boys waited near the front door to see who was leaving the gifts, but the bearer would always choose the moment they left to 24 .
I didn’t know who the secret Santa was. But there was one thing I did know. In those dark days of 25 , somebody was shining a light our way with a simple but 26 message: “You are loved.” It was such a strange feeling, to be left in darkness on the one hand and drawn so firmly toward 27 on the other. I believe hope will make a(n) 28 .
After 11 days of offerings, we weren’t sure what to 29 when we approached home on that 12th night. I trusted there would be 30 .
16．A．promotion B．death C．retirement D．operation
17．A．Otherwise B．Besides C．Instead D．Therefore
18．A．rope B．paper C．flower D．ribbon
19．A．leaving B．finding C．naming D．considering
20．A．agreed B．planned C．managed D．promised
21．A．arrived B．returned C．ended D．escaped
22．A．book B．toy C．box D．pet
23．A．designing B．including C．showing D．making
24．A．get through B．set off C．move on D．turn up
25．A．regret B．sadness C．anger D．disappointment
26．A．annoying B．funny C．urgent D．powerful
27．A．dream B．light C．future D．home
28．A．difference B．effort C．comparison D．contribution
29．A．support B．offer C．expect D．appreciate
30．A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything
（三）
My two-year-old daughter was playing with groceries in my shopping cart (购物车). A gentleman stood behind me with three 31 . He looked at his watch and me. While my daughter was 32 well, I knew she couldn’t stay there any longer. The man obviously was in a 33 , and he’d be behind me a long time. I 34 to let him go first. “Thank you,” he replied 35 stepping ahead of me. His face lit up with 36 .
When the line moved forward I started 37 my cart. As I hurriedly opened my purse, my heart 38 :I forgot to bring my bank card. The gentleman had paid and was 39 his groceries. “Can you just put my 40 on the side please ” I was 41 . The gentleman said, “I’ll pay for her order.” But I 42 , having over $250 worth of groceries. “You can just send me a check.” He 43 . “That’s too much of a car trip for the little girl.”
I was always willing to help others. However, there was a new feeling I 44 when I got help from others. I was shocked that a complete stranger would 45 another with a loan of that amount.
31．A．toys B．bags C．items D．dollars
32．A．behaving B．studying C．eating D．resting
33．A．panic B．hurry C．mess D．mood
34．A．failed B．offered C．agreed D．promised
35．A．patiently B．constantly C．appreciatively D．eventually
36．A．respect B．confidence C．determination D．pleasure
37．A．unloading B．unfolding C．unwrapping D．uncovering
38．A．ached B．broke C．beat D．sank
39．A．picking up B．looking over C．handing out D．giving away
40．A．purse B．card C．daughter D．stuff
41．A．annoyed B．discouraged C．confused D．astonished
42．A．hesitated B．panicked C．regretted D．rejected
43．A．confirmed B．joked C．smiled D．insisted
44．A．remembered B．feared C．experienced D．shared
45．A．trust B．praise C．thank D．reward
（四）
Growing up on a farm, Tori James spent much of her early years outdoors, building shelters and playing in muddy streams. She 46 herself as an ambitious and adventurous child and owes the Duke of Edinburgh Award to her love for 47 . James says she could never have 48 that one day she might be the youngest British woman to 49 the peak of Mount Everest.
Today, James is a(n) 50 adventurer. Alongside her successful climb of the world’s 51 peak in 2007, she was a member of the first all-female team to 52 a tiring 650-kilometre ski race to the Magnetic North Pole in 2005, and in 2014 she set the 53 for the longest non-stop open-sea kayak crossing in UK waters.
Yet ahead of her first exploration at the age of 18, James had 54 her ability to last a month out in the cold without the comfort of a hot bath. “It’s only by 55 our comfort zone that we understand our true potential,” she explains, “That’s when the 56 happens.”
James encourages would-be adventurers not to be 57 by the conventional image of the rugged (粗犷的), hardy explorer. “I am such a believer that, with the right support and skills, everyone can bring 58 to an exploration,” she adds, “Sometimes, it’s only out in the field that someone’s 59 talents emerge, 60 in the process of exploration.”
46．A．describes B．admits C．imagines D．praises
47．A．wildlife B．science C．exploration D．competition
48．A．explained B．understood C．declared D．predicted
49．A．measure B．approach C．admire D．reach
50．A．patient B．ordinary C．professional D．honest
51．A．coldest B．highest C．prettiest D．straightest
52．A．complete B．coach C．judge D．cancel
53．A．record B．date C．goal D．standard
54．A．lost B．doubted C．limited D．developed
55．A．entering B．restoring C．leaving D．expanding
56．A．emergency B．accident C．event D．magic
57．A．pushed ahead B．kept apart C．cheered up D．put off
58．A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything
59．A．academic B．creative C．hidden D．artistic
60．A．eventually B．particularly C．generally D．obviously
