突破08 完形填空之说明文
第一部分：重点难点
重点弄清文章大意
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
重点弄清楚说明的顺序
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
重点把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
重点注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
第二部分：易错失分
易错点01
在没有把握文章大意的情况下，急着为每一个空白处选答案。说明文往往生词较多，题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要掌握文章大意。
易错点02
没有弄清说明顺序想当然地直接选答案。因此选定答案前应弄清楚说明的顺序，从而准确把握文章的脉络，加强对文章的理解，从而选出正确的答案。
易错点03
在没有厘清事实细节的情况下选答案。说明性文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。因此我们做题时，一定仔细研读文章，特别时开头和结尾，从主题句入手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论，从而进一步敲定选项。
第三部分：猜题押题
猜题押题理由
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。
预计2024年高考完形填空对词汇的考查仍将以实词为主，且突出语境化的特点。在备考过程中，考生应注意夯实基础词汇知识，增加词汇储备量，尤其要注意课标词汇中的多义词、派生词等，同时提高语言运用能力。为此，特推出完形填空说明文题。
（一）
If you think you haven’t got what it takes to achieve your goals, you must remember that hard work beats talent every time!
1 is the natural ability or capacity to perform a function. When you 2 talent in an area, you are gifted with the “knack (诀窍)” or “instinct” needed to perform a skill or 3 a specific quality. But this only means you have the “ 4 qualities.” So, you have the equipment or tools needed to perform the skills.
According to a study by Angela Duckworth, a leading researcher, hard work and 5 are more important 6 of success than talent.
Duckworth found that 7 who showed more grit (defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals) were more likely to achieve their 8 than those who were simply talented but lacked the 9 drive to succeed.
However, 10 you learn how to efficiently use, manage, and control these resources, you cannot perform or use your talents at the highest levels. This is where “hard work” 11 . “Hard work” applied to your natural talents and instincts will take you to levels others may never 12 . But talent alone will not do it…you must 13 your “talents” through “hard work” -practice, training, and exerting effort.
If you do not 14 to gain experience, education, and training as it relates to your talent, your 15 ability will not shine. Soon, others will surpass your accomplishments. Hard work beats talent.
1．A．Extinction B．Talent C．Insight D．Perseverance
2．A．possess B．overcome C．lack D．enhance
3．A．learn B．master C．display D．practise
4．A．rare B．unique C．extraordinary D．raw
5．A．perseverance B．skills C．performance D．efficiency
6．A．evidences B．instruments C．predictors D．categories
7．A．intellectuals B．individuals C．creatures D．managers
8．A．objectives B．happiness C．richness D．functions
9．A．critical B．necessary C．optimistic D．awkward
10．A．when B．because C．until D．although
11．A．breaks up B．steps in C．pays off D．leaves out
12．A．require B．dream C．seize D．attain
13．A．drop B．abandon C．generate D．perfect
14．A．take steps B．back down C．play tricks D．give in
15．A．painstaking B．knowledgeable C．natural D．overall
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．C 11．B 12．D 13．D 14．A 15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了关于努力和才能之间的关系，强调了即使缺乏天赋，通过勤奋努力仍然可以取得成功。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：天赋是执行某种机能的自然能力。A. Extinction 灭绝；B. Talent 天赋；C. Insight 洞察力；D. Perseverance 坚持；根据下文的“natural ability or capacity to perform a function”可知，与生俱来的自然能力是天赋。故选B项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你在一个领域拥有天赋时，你被赋予了执行技能或展示特定品质所需的“诀窍”或“本能”。A. possess 拥有；B. overcome 克服；C. lack 缺乏；D. enhance 提高；根据后文的“you are gifted with the “knack” or “instinct” needed to perform a skill”可知，你被赋予了诀窍或本能时意味着你拥有了某项天赋。故选A项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你在一个领域拥有天赋时，你被赋予了执行技能或展示特定品质所需的“诀窍”或“本能”。A. learn 学习；B. master 掌握；C. display 展示；D. practise 练习；根据上文的“you are gifted with the “knack” or “instinct” needed to perform a skill”可知，“诀窍”意味着你能够执行某项技能，“本能”意味着你能够展示出某个特定的品质。故选C项。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这只意味着你有“天然的品质”。A. rare 稀有的；B. unique 独特的；C. extraordinary 非凡的；D. raw 天然的。根据下文的“So, you have the equipment or tools needed to perform the skills.”可知，你有执行技能所需的设备或工具，即这些品质是天然具备的。故选D项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据著名研究人员安吉拉·达克沃斯的一项研究，努力和毅力是比天赋更重要的成功因素。A. perseverance毅力；B. skills 技能；C. performance 表现；D. efficiency 效率；根据空前的“hard work”和下文的“defined as perseverance”可知，努力和毅力对于成功而言是很重要的。故选A项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据著名研究人员安吉拉·达克沃斯的一项研究，努力和毅力是比天赋更重要的成功预测器。A. evidences 证据；B. instruments 工具；C. predictors预测器；D. categories 类别；根据上文的“you must remember that hard work beats talent every time!”可知，努力是比天赋更重要的成功因素，努力和毅力预示了成功。故选C项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：达克沃斯发现，那些表现出更多勇气(定义为对长期目标的毅力和激情)的人比那些仅仅是有天赋但缺乏成功必要动力的人更有可能实现目标。A. intellectuals 知识分子；B. individuals 个人；C. creatures 生物；D. managers 管理者；根据下文的“who showed more grit”和“who were simply talented”可知，这是拿两种人作比较，即“表现出更多勇气的人”和“仅是有天赋的人”。故选B项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：达克沃斯发现，那些表现出更多毅力(定义为对长期目标的毅力和激情)的人比那些仅仅是有天赋但缺乏成功必要动力的人更有可能实现目标。A. objectives 目标；B. happiness 幸福；C. richness 富裕；D. functions 功能；根据上文的“achieve your goals”可知，此处讲的是影响目标实现的因素。故选A项。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：达克沃斯发现，那些表现出更多毅力(定义为对长期目标的毅力和激情)的人比那些仅仅是有天赋但缺乏成功必要动力的人更有可能实现目标。A. critical 关键的；B. necessary 必要的；C. optimistic 乐观的；D. awkward 尴尬的；根据上文的“who were simply talented”可知，只是拥有天赋缺乏必要的动力是很难成功的。故选B项。
10．考查连词词义辨析。句意：然而，在你学会如何有效地使用、管理和控制这些资源之前，你无法在最高水平上执行或使用你的才能。A. when 当.....时候；B. because 因为；C. until 直到，在……之前；D. although 尽管；根据下文的“you cannot perform or use your talents at the highest levels”可知，在最高水平上执行或使用你的才能是你在学会如何有效地使用、管理和控制这些资源之前无法做到的。故选C项。
11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这就是“努力”的用武之地。A. breaks up 分手；B. steps in 插手，发挥作用；C. pays off 得到回报；D. leaves out 遗漏；根据上文的“ However,...you learn how to efficiently use, manage, and control these resources, you cannot perform or use your talents at the highest levels.”和下文的““Hard work” applied to your natural talents and instincts will take you to levels”可知，努力加天赋能够将你带到高水准，这就是努力发挥作用的地方。故选B项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：把“努力”应用到你的天赋和本能上，会把你带到别人可能永远无法达到的水平。A. require 需要；B. dream 梦想；C. seize 抓住；D. attain 达到；根据上文的“This is where “hard work”...”可知，，努力加天赋能够将你带到高水准，这是有些人无法做到的，即指的是光有天赋不努力的人。故选D项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是光有天赋是不够的，你必须通过“努力”——练习、训练和付出努力来完善你的“才能”。A. drop 放弃；B. abandon 放弃；C. generate 产生；D. perfect 完善；根据上文的“But talent alone will not do it”可知，只是拥有天赋是不能成功的，你需要让自己的才能通过不断的努力和训练得到完善。故选D项。
14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你不采取措施获得与你的才能相关的经验、教育和培训，你的天赋就不会发挥作用。A. take steps 采取措施；B. back down 退缩；C. play tricks 耍花招；D. give in 让步；根据上文的“you must...your “talents” through “hard work” -practice, training, and exerting effort.”可知，你需要让自己的才能通过不断的努力和训练得到完善，即你要采取措施去获得经验、教育和培训。故选A项。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你不采取措施获得与你的才能相关的经验、教育和培训，你的天赋就不会发挥作用。A. painstaking 艰苦的；B. knowledgeable 知识渊博的；C. natural 自然的；D. overall 总体的；根据下文的“Hard work beats talent.”可知，努力会战胜天赋，再结合前文的“...is the natural ability or capacity to perform a function. ”可知，“talent”是一种与生俱来的自然能力。故选C项。
（二）
One of the interesting things about languages is the way they change over time. In English, everything from spelling to vocabulary has 16 major changes over the years. In fact, to a modern speaker, the English of 1000 years ago looks like a 17 language!
The history of English dates back around 1500 years. At that time, groups of Europeans 18 England, bringing their language with them. It developed into old English. Later in 1066, English was invaded by the Normans from France. The language went through an important shift leading to what we now call Middle English. Over the next 500 years, the language underwent 19 shifts, leading to modern English. As the language has developed over time, many things about it have changed.
20 is one of the most obvious areas. For example, in old English, people say “hus” and “mus”. Now, we say “house” and “mouse”. These days there are many differences in the way English is pronounced in the U.S., India and elsewhere. When people live in groups separated by great distances, the 21 of change can be fast.
Vocabulary changes happen even more quickly. English has grown by borrowing words from languages such as French, Greek and 22 , 23 . This often happens with types of 24 , for example, “tofu”. Then there is slang which enters and 25 the language every year! Thirty years ago, one often heard people saying “groovy”, meaning great. These days you rarely hear the word 26 on old TV shows or movies.
Because English is spoken by so many people worldwide, it really is an exciting time for the language. Just as American and British versions are always changing, so are versions 27 in Canada, 28 in Asia and elsewhere. At the same time, an entirely new version of English is appearing on the Internet with whole new 29 and writing styles. In a way, learning English is a never-ending process, even for native speakers! Language is as much a part of the earth as 30 its soil and water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.
16．A．gone over B．gone through C．gone into D．gone for
17．A．other B．unfamiliar C．strange D．foreign
18．A．invaded B．seized C．took over D．captured
19．A．few B．some C．further D．more
20．A．Pronunciation B．Grammar C．Speaking D．Present
21．A．speed B．pace C．velocity D．way
22．A．Russian B．Vietnamese C．Latin D．Korean
23．A．to name a few B．not at all C．in all D．after all
24．A．vegetable B．fruit C．meat D．food
25．A．appears B．leaves C．escapes D．quits
26．A．except B．merely C．besides D．already
27．A．used B．written C．spoken D．seen
28．A．Nigeria B．Singapore C．Rome D．Jamaica
29．A．slang B．jargon C．image D．vernacular
30．A．are B．is C．do D．has
【答案】
16．B 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．A 21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．A 30．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英语的发展和演变。
16．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在英语中，从拼写到词汇，这些年来都经历了重大的变化。A. gone over复习；B. gone through经历；C. gone into进入；D. gone for追求。根据后文“major changes over the years”可知，英语从拼写到词汇都经历了重大的变化。故选B项。
17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，对于一个现代人来说，1000年前的英语看起来就像一门外语!A. other其他的；B. unfamiliar不熟悉的；C. strange奇怪的；D. foreign外国的。根据前文“In English, everything from spelling to vocabulary has ______major changes over the years.”可以，英语经历了重大变化，所以1000年前的英语对现代人来说就像外语一样。故选D项。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时，成群的欧洲人入侵英国，带来了他们的语言。A. invaded侵略；B. seized抓住；C. took over接管；D. captured俘获。根据后文“bringing their language with them”及历史事实可知，欧洲人入侵英国，带来了他们的语言。故选A项。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的500年里，这种语言经历了进一步的变化，导致了现代英语。A. few更少的；B. some一些；C. further进一步的；D. more更多的。根据前文“It developed into old English.”及“Middle English”及后文“modern English”可知，英语经过进一步的变化，导致了现代英语。故选C项。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：发音是最明显的一个方面。A. Pronunciation发音；B. Grammar语法；C. Speaking口语；D. Present现在。根据后文“in old English, people say “hus” and “mus”. Now, we say “house” and “mouse”. ”可知，英语的发音出现了明显的变化。故选A项。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人们生活在相距遥远的群体中时，变化的速度可能很快。A. speed速度；B. pace节奏，速度；C. velocity速率；D. way方式。根据后文“can be fast”可知，当人们生活在相距遥远的群体中时，语言变化的速度会很快。speed一般指人或物移动的速度，pace可以表示工作或事情进展的速度，根据句意可知，此处表示语言变化的速度。故选B项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：英语是通过借用法语、希腊语和拉丁语等语言的词汇而发展起来的。A. Russian俄语；B. Vietnamese越南语；C. Latin拉丁语；D. Korean韩语。根据前文“English has grown by borrowing words from languages such as French, Greek and”及历史事实可知，英语主要借用了法语，希腊语和拉丁语的词汇。故选C项。
23．考查固定短语辨析。句意：仅举几例，英语是通过借用法语、希腊语和拉丁语等语言的词汇而发展起来的。A. to name a few仅举几例；B. not at all一点也不；C. in all总计；D. after all毕竟，终究。根据前文“English has grown by borrowing words from languages such as”可知，英语借用了许多语言的词汇，此处仅举几例。故选A项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种情况经常发生在不同的食物上，比如“豆腐”。A. vegetable蔬菜；B. fruit水果；C. meat肉；D. food食物。根据后文“or example, “tofu””可知，词汇借用通常出现在食物方面。故选D项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：还有俚语，每年都有俚语进入和退出语言系统!A. appears出现；B. leaves离开；C. escapes逃离；D. quits辞职。根据前文“which enters and”可知，每年都有新的俚语进入语言系统，也会有过时的俚语退出语言系统。故选B项。
26．考查介词和副词词义辨析。句意：如今，除了在老电视节目或电影中，你很少听到这个词。A. except除了；B. merely仅仅；C. besides此外；D. already已经。根据前文“you rarely hear the word”及后文“on old TV shows or movies”可知，除了在老电视节目或电影中，已经很少听到这个词了。故选A项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就像美式口语和英式口语总是在变化一样，加拿大、亚洲新加坡和其他地方说的英语也在变化。A. used被使用的；B. written书面的；C. spoken口头的；D. seen被看见的。根据前文“English is spoken by so many people worldwide”及“American and British versions are always changing”可知，此处指英语口语一直在变化。故选C项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像美式口语和英式口语总是在变化一样，加拿大、亚洲的新加坡和其他地方说的英语也在变化。A. Nigeria尼日利亚；B. Singapore新加坡；C. Rome罗马；D. Jamaica牙买加。根据后文“in Asia”可知，只有新加坡在亚洲。故选B项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，一个全新版本的英语出现在互联网上，带有全新的俚语和写作风格。A. slang俚语；B. jargon行话，术语；C. image图像；D. vernacular方言。根据前文“an entirely new version of English is appearing on the Internet”及后文“and writing styles”并结合实际情况可知，一种新的英语形式出现在互联网上，带有全新的俚语和写作风格。故选A项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：语言是地球的一部分，就像地球的土壤和湖泊、河流和海洋的水一样。A. are是，be动词一般现在时复数形式；B. is是，be动词一般现在时单数形式；C. do做，干；D. has有。根据前文“as much a part of the earth as”可知，as much...as表示“和……一样，正如”，后一个as引导的是一个主谓语倒装的比较从句，根据主句的结构可知，比较从句中的谓语应该是be动词，从句中的主语是“its soil and water of its lakes, rivers and oceans”故谓语就用复数形式。故选A项。
（三）
Ollivier Jean-Baptiste, 25, a vlogger from France living in China, delivered a speech on the latest episode (电视剧集) of the China Daily Youth Power series. The episode, named “Timeless Tales from China”, was 31 on Jan 30.
In his speech, titled “Bridging Cultures: A Personal 32 from France to China”, He spoke about his 33 impressions of China. Just like his family and friends, he saw China as a distant and 34 place with a culture entirely different from France and other Western countries.
“My wife took me to see the flag-raising 35 in Tian’ anmen Square. Witnessing countless young people rushing 36 the flag, I was deeply moved. It’s a country of strength, unity, and love,” he said.
When Jean-Baptiste visited his Chinese wife’s hometown for the first time, he couldn’t speak much Chinese. He felt the warmth of home in a foreign country and was 37 to live in China, he said. All of these experiences made Jean-Baptiste eager to 38 different aspects of Chinese culture. He visited many tourist 39 in China. When he returned to France for vacation and 40 photos of his travels and life in China with his family, they were also excited.
41 his fantastic personal experiences in China, Jean-Baptiste noticed that friendly interactions between the two countries are 42 . After learning about the 15-day visa-free travel from France to China, his family and friends couldn’t wait to 43 their trip to China. “I’m overjoyed to 44 them during the 60th anniversary of China-France diplomatic relations, showcasing China’s modern development and rich history,” he said. “I may be just an ordinary person with 45 influence, but everyone can be a cultural ambassador.”
31．A．produced B．published C．acknowledged D．aired
32．A．Business B．Journey C．Program D．Exhibition
33．A．last B．real C．initial D．right
34．A．similar B．familiar C．mysterious D．plain
35．A．ceremony B．activity C．show D．display
36．A．from B．in C．toward D．for
37．A．thrilled B．worried C．embarrassed D．surprised
38．A．collect B．explore C．fetch D．accumulate
39．A．homes B．attractions C．centers D．routes
40．A．shared B．delivered C．exchanged D．printed
41．A．Regardless of B．In spite of C．Apart from D．Far from
42．A．declining B．increasing C．stable D．flexible
43．A．cancel B．stop C．book D．suspend
44．A．relax B．join C．visit D．host
45．A．special B．limited C．significant D．extensive
【答案】
31．D 32．B 33．C 34．C 35．A 36．C 37．A 38．B 39．B 40．A 41．C 42．B 43．C 44．D 45．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了法国人Ollivier Jean-Baptiste在中国定居后，从开始的刻板印象到彻底爱上这个国家的故事。他参观了中国各地景点，并在电视上发表个人见解，还邀请家人从法国来中国旅游，这一切都表明了他对中国文化的热爱。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这期节目名为《中国永恒的故事》，已于1月30日播出。A. produced生产；B. published出版；C. acknowledged承认、感谢；D. aired播出。通过上文“The episode”可知，Ollivier是在电视剧里面发表了演讲，电视剧是不可以出版的，但是可以播出，故选D项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在题为“文化的桥梁：从法国到中国的个人旅程”的演讲中，他谈到了他对中国的最初印象。A. Business生意；B. Journey旅行；C. Program项目；D. Exhibition展览。根据第7小题“was thrilled to live in China”可知，Ollivier是居住在中国的，并且还安排家人也来中国旅游，这是一种文化桥梁，也是他们的私人旅行，故选B项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在题为“文化的桥梁：从法国到中国的个人旅程”的演讲中，他谈到了他对中国的最初印象。A. last最后的；B. real真实的；C. initial最初的；D. right正确的。根据下文“he saw China as a distant and mysterious place”可知，刚来中国的时候，他和家人朋友一样，都感觉中国是个遥远又神秘的国度，那是初始的印象，故选C项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就像他的家人和朋友一样，他认为中国是一个遥远而神秘的地方，有着与法国和其他西方国家完全不同的文化。A. similar相似的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. plain简朴的。根据下文“with a culture entirely different”可知，他认为中国的文化和法国完全不同，这是无法了解的，也就是神秘的，故选C项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妻子带我去天安门广场看升旗仪式。A. ceremony仪式；B. activity活动；C. show表演秀；D. display展示。根据上文“flag-raising”和下文的“Tian’anmen Square”可知，他去观看了天安门广场的升旗仪式，故选A项。
36．考查介词词义辨析。句意：目睹无数年轻人冲向国旗，我被深深地感动了。这是一个充满力量，团结和爱的国家。A. from从；B. in在……里；C. toward朝向；D. for为了。根据上文的“flag-raising ceremony in Tian’ anmen Square”可知，中国人们在观看升旗仪式的时候自然会很激动，不自觉地就会朝国旗涌去，故选C项。
37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说，他在异国他乡感受到了家的温暖，在中国生活让他激动不已。A. thrilled兴奋的；B. worried担忧的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据上文“the warmth of home in a foreign country”可知，他在陌生国度感受到了温暖，所以他住在中国时心里一定是开心的，或者进一步说，是兴奋的，故选A项。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有这些经历让Jean-Baptiste渴望探索中国文化的不同方面。A. collect收集；B. explore探索；C. fetch取得；D. accumulate积累。根据下文“He visited many tourist attractions in China”可知，他开始走访中国各地景点，这是因为他想通过旅游来探索中国文化，故选B项。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他参观了中国的许多旅游景点。A. homes家庭；B. attractions景点；C. centers中心；D. routes路线。根据下文“share photos of his travels and life in China”可知，他回到法国和家人分享旅行中的照片，说明他一定去了中国的各个景点参观了，tourist attractions是景点的意思，故选B项。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他回到法国度假，和家人分享他在中国旅行和生活的照片时，家人也很兴奋。A. shared分享；B. delivered递送；C. exchanged交换；D. printed打印。根据下文“with his family”可知，照片肯定要和家人分享的，但不一定非要打印出来，D选项不恰当，故选A项。
41．考查介词词组辨析。句意：除了在中国的奇妙经历，Baptiste还注意到两国之间的友好交往日益增多。A. Regardless of不管；B. In spite of尽管；C. Apart from除了……还有；D. Far from而不是。根据下文“Jean-Baptiste noticed that friendly interactions between the two countries are increasing”可知，中法两国之间的友好交流日益增多，这伴随着他在中国美好的个人体验，这两件事是同时发生的，也就是“除了个人体验，还有交流增多”，故选C项。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了在中国的奇妙经历，Baptiste还注意到两国之间的友好交往日益增多。A. declining下降；B. increasing增加；C. stable稳定的；D. flexible灵活的。根据下文“the 15-day visa-free travel from France to China”可知，中法两国有15天的免签期，说明两国的友好关系不断增强，友好交流不断增多，故选B项。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在了解到从法国到中国15天免签后，他的家人和朋友迫不及待地预定了他们的中国之旅。A. cancel取消；B. stop停止；C. book预定；D. suspend暂停。根据下文“I’m overjoyed to host them”可知，Ollivier很开心可以在中国招待自己的家人，说明他的家人要来中国旅游了，其它选项表达正好和语境相反，故选C项。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在中法建交60周年之际接待他们，我感到十分高兴。A. relax放松；B. join参加；C. visit到访；D. host主持，做东。根据第7小题“was thrilled to live in China”可知，他已经结婚并定居在中国了，所以当他的家人从法国远道而来，他自然要成为东道主，来操持家人们的旅行，故选D项。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我可能只是一个影响力有限的普通人，但每个人都可以成为文化大使。A. special特殊的；B. limited有限的；C. significant重大的；D. extensive延展的。根据上文“an ordinary person”可知，每一个普通人的影响力都是有限的，故选B项。
（四）
When working in person, most of us have a natural understanding of non-verbal (非语言的) signals. That is to say, all the ways in which we 46 work out without words.
47 , in the digital workspace, this kind of communication can seem less 48 . Many work 49 now happen via online chats, and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off.
Parts of non-verbal communication have always 50 outside face-to-face interaction, of course. For example, these unnoticeable 51 could begin with a profile picture on your CV (简历); even deciding whether or not to add an emoji (表情图标) in a work group chat can change the 52 of the interaction.
Yet the new workplace shift in where and how we work has 53 the world of non-verbal communication greatly. For instance, in video calls, backgrounds can give all sorts of non-verbal 54 about co-workers’ lifestyles, 55 and level of professionalism. Let’s say if a co-worker positions the camera below the chin (下巴), 56 others to look up, you begin to dislike him or her, almost 57 . Indeed, data have shown that during video calls, factors like camera angles, distance from the camera and ability to make eye contact all 58 how likeable people are noticed to be.
In a new world where 59 working is rapidly developing, being willing to engage non-verbally makes it 60 to understand others and to be understood.
46．A．unite B．communicate C．recognize D．cooperate
47．A．Besides B．However C．Otherwise D．Therefore
48．A．important B．separable C．adventurous D．flexible
49．A．conditions B．conversations C．seats D．paces
50．A．survived B．proved C．transformed D．existed
51．A．signals B．maps C．journeys D．articles
52．A．milestone B．analysis C．feel D．study
53．A．quitted B．expanded C．failed D．reduced
54．A．information B．change C．application D．concern
55．A．meetings B．suggestions C．interests D．videos
56．A．inspiring B．forcing C．permitting D．warning
57．A．continuously B．willingly C．carefully D．instantly
58．A．impact B．accomplish C．report D．harm
59．A．diligent B．crazy C．remote D．abstract
60．A．easier B．harder C．more traditional D．more exciting
【答案】
46．B 47．B 48．A 49．B 50．D 51．A 52．C 53．B 54．A 55．C 56．B 57．D 58．A 59．C 60．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。当面工作时，我们大多数人对非语言信号有一种自然的理解，但是在远程工作迅速发展的时代，这种交流似乎不那么重要了，但是愿意以非语言的方式参与会让你更容易理解别人，也更容易被别人理解。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，我们所有的交流方式都是不需要语言的。A. unite团结；B. communicate交流；C. recognize认出；D. cooperate合作。根据“When working in person(面对面工作时)”可知，此处是指交流的所有方式。故选B。
47．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在数字工作空间中，这种交流似乎不那么重要了。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Therefore因此。根据“this kind of communication can seem less”可知，此处和前文构成转折关系。故选B。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在数字工作空间中，这种交流似乎不那么重要了。A. important重要的；B. separable可分离的；C. adventurous勇于冒险的，敢于创新的；D. flexible灵活的。根据后文“and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off(甚至视频会议也可以在关闭摄像头的情况下进行)”可知，此处是指在数字工作空间中这种交流似乎不那么重要了。故选A。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，许多工作对话都是通过在线聊天进行的，甚至视频会议也可以在关闭摄像头的情况下进行。A. conditions条件；B. conversations对话；C. seats座位；D. paces节奏。根据“via online chats”可知，此处是指许多工作对话。故选B。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，部分非语言交流一直存在于面对面的互动之外。A. survived幸存；B. proved证明；C. transformed转变；D. existed存在。根据“of course”和“Parts of non-verbal communication”可知，此处是指部分非语言交流一直存在于面对面的互动之外。故选D。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，这些不引人注意的信号可以从你简历上的头像开始；甚至决定是否在工作组聊天中添加表情符号也会改变互动的感觉。A. signals信号；B. maps地图；C. journeys旅行；D. articles文章。根据“Parts of non-verbal communication”可知，此处是指这些不引人注意的信号。故选A。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，这些不引人注意的信号可以从你简历上的头像开始；甚至决定是否在工作组聊天中添加表情符号也会改变互动的感觉。A. milestone里程碑；B. analysis分析；C. feel感觉；D. study研究。根据“whether or not to add an emoji (表情图标) in a work group chat”可知，此处是指改变互动的感觉。故选C。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，新的工作场所在工作地点和工作方式上的转变，极大地扩展了非语言交流的世界。A. quitted停止；B. expanded拓展；C. failed失败；D. reduced减少。根据yet和前文“Parts of non-verbal communication have always existed outside face-to-face interaction, of course.”可知，此处是指极大地扩展了非语言交流的世界。故选B。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，在视频通话中，背景可以提供关于同事的生活方式、兴趣和专业水平的各种非语言信息。A. information信息；B. change改变；C. application申请；D. concern担忧。根据“about co-workers’ lifestyles”可知，此处是指提供各种非语言信息。故选A。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，在视频通话中，背景可以提供关于同事的生活方式、兴趣和专业水平的各种非语言信息。A. meetings会议；B. suggestions建议；C. interests兴趣；D. videos录像。根据“co-workers’ lifestyles”和“and level of professionalism”可知，此处是指关于同事的生活方式、兴趣和专业水平的各种非语言信息。故选C。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：比方说，如果一个同事把镜头放在下巴以下，迫使其他人抬头看，你几乎立刻就会开始讨厌他或她。A. inspiring激励；B. forcing强迫；C. permitting允许；D. warning警告。根据“if a co-worker positions the camera below the chin”可知，此处是指迫使其他人抬头看。故选B。
57．考查副词词义辨析。句意：比方说，如果一个同事把镜头放在下巴以下，迫使其他人抬头看，你几乎立刻就会开始讨厌他或她。A. continuously连续不断地；B. willingly愿意地；C. carefully仔细地；D. instantly立即。根据“you begin to dislike him or her”可知，此处是指你几乎立刻就会开始讨厌他或她。故选D。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，数据显示，在视频通话过程中，摄像头角度、与摄像头的距离以及眼神交流的能力等因素都会影响人们的受欢迎程度。A. impact影响；B. accomplish成就；C. report报告；D. harm伤害。根据“factors like camera angles, distance from the camera and ability to make eye contact all”可知，此处是指影响人们的受欢迎程度。故选A。
59．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个远程工作迅速发展的新世界里，愿意以非语言的方式参与会让你更容易理解别人，也更容易被别人理解。A. diligent勤奋的；B. crazy疯狂的；C. remote远程的；D. abstract抽象的。根据“In a new world”和前文“now happen via online chats, and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off”可知，此处是指在一个远程工作迅速发展的新世界里。故选C。
60．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个远程工作迅速发展的新世界里，愿意以非语言的方式参与会让你更容易理解别人，也更容易被别人理解。A. easier更容易的；B. harder更难的；C. more traditional更传统的；D. more exciting更令人兴奋的。根据“being willing to engage non-verbally”可知，此处是指愿意以非语言的方式参与有助于互相理解。故选A。突破08 完形填空之说明文
第一部分：重点难点
重点弄清文章大意
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
重点弄清楚说明的顺序
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
重点把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
重点注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
第二部分：易错失分
易错点01
在没有把握文章大意的情况下，急着为每一个空白处选答案。说明文往往生词较多，题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要掌握文章大意。
易错点02
没有弄清说明顺序想当然地直接选答案。因此选定答案前应弄清楚说明的顺序，从而准确把握文章的脉络，加强对文章的理解，从而选出正确的答案。
易错点03
在没有厘清事实细节的情况下选答案。说明性文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。因此我们做题时，一定仔细研读文章，特别时开头和结尾，从主题句入手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论，从而进一步敲定选项。
第三部分：猜题押题
猜题押题理由
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。
预计2024年高考完形填空对词汇的考查仍将以实词为主，且突出语境化的特点。在备考过程中，考生应注意夯实基础词汇知识，增加词汇储备量，尤其要注意课标词汇中的多义词、派生词等，同时提高语言运用能力。为此，特推出完形填空说明文题。
（一）
If you think you haven’t got what it takes to achieve your goals, you must remember that hard work beats talent every time!
1 is the natural ability or capacity to perform a function. When you 2 talent in an area, you are gifted with the “knack (诀窍)” or “instinct” needed to perform a skill or 3 a specific quality. But this only means you have the “ 4 qualities.” So, you have the equipment or tools needed to perform the skills.
According to a study by Angela Duckworth, a leading researcher, hard work and 5 are more important 6 of success than talent.
Duckworth found that 7 who showed more grit (defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals) were more likely to achieve their 8 than those who were simply talented but lacked the 9 drive to succeed.
However, 10 you learn how to efficiently use, manage, and control these resources, you cannot perform or use your talents at the highest levels. This is where “hard work” 11 . “Hard work” applied to your natural talents and instincts will take you to levels others may never 12 . But talent alone will not do it…you must 13 your “talents” through “hard work” -practice, training, and exerting effort.
If you do not 14 to gain experience, education, and training as it relates to your talent, your 15 ability will not shine. Soon, others will surpass your accomplishments. Hard work beats talent.
1．A．Extinction B．Talent C．Insight D．Perseverance
2．A．possess B．overcome C．lack D．enhance
3．A．learn B．master C．display D．practise
4．A．rare B．unique C．extraordinary D．raw
5．A．perseverance B．skills C．performance D．efficiency
6．A．evidences B．instruments C．predictors D．categories
7．A．intellectuals B．individuals C．creatures D．managers
8．A．objectives B．happiness C．richness D．functions
9．A．critical B．necessary C．optimistic D．awkward
10．A．when B．because C．until D．although
11．A．breaks up B．steps in C．pays off D．leaves out
12．A．require B．dream C．seize D．attain
13．A．drop B．abandon C．generate D．perfect
14．A．take steps B．back down C．play tricks D．give in
15．A．painstaking B．knowledgeable C．natural D．overall
（二）
One of the interesting things about languages is the way they change over time. In English, everything from spelling to vocabulary has 16 major changes over the years. In fact, to a modern speaker, the English of 1000 years ago looks like a 17 language!
The history of English dates back around 1500 years. At that time, groups of Europeans 18 England, bringing their language with them. It developed into old English. Later in 1066, English was invaded by the Normans from France. The language went through an important shift leading to what we now call Middle English. Over the next 500 years, the language underwent 19 shifts, leading to modern English. As the language has developed over time, many things about it have changed.
20 is one of the most obvious areas. For example, in old English, people say “hus” and “mus”. Now, we say “house” and “mouse”. These days there are many differences in the way English is pronounced in the U.S., India and elsewhere. When people live in groups separated by great distances, the 21 of change can be fast.
Vocabulary changes happen even more quickly. English has grown by borrowing words from languages such as French, Greek and 22 , 23 . This often happens with types of 24 , for example, “tofu”. Then there is slang which enters and 25 the language every year! Thirty years ago, one often heard people saying “groovy”, meaning great. These days you rarely hear the word 26 on old TV shows or movies.
Because English is spoken by so many people worldwide, it really is an exciting time for the language. Just as American and British versions are always changing, so are versions 27 in Canada, 28 in Asia and elsewhere. At the same time, an entirely new version of English is appearing on the Internet with whole new 29 and writing styles. In a way, learning English is a never-ending process, even for native speakers! Language is as much a part of the earth as 30 its soil and water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.
16．A．gone over B．gone through C．gone into D．gone for
17．A．other B．unfamiliar C．strange D．foreign
18．A．invaded B．seized C．took over D．captured
19．A．few B．some C．further D．more
20．A．Pronunciation B．Grammar C．Speaking D．Present
21．A．speed B．pace C．velocity D．way
22．A．Russian B．Vietnamese C．Latin D．Korean
23．A．to name a few B．not at all C．in all D．after all
24．A．vegetable B．fruit C．meat D．food
25．A．appears B．leaves C．escapes D．quits
26．A．except B．merely C．besides D．already
27．A．used B．written C．spoken D．seen
28．A．Nigeria B．Singapore C．Rome D．Jamaica
29．A．slang B．jargon C．image D．vernacular
30．A．are B．is C．do D．has
（三）
Ollivier Jean-Baptiste, 25, a vlogger from France living in China, delivered a speech on the latest episode (电视剧集) of the China Daily Youth Power series. The episode, named “Timeless Tales from China”, was 31 on Jan 30.
In his speech, titled “Bridging Cultures: A Personal 32 from France to China”, He spoke about his 33 impressions of China. Just like his family and friends, he saw China as a distant and 34 place with a culture entirely different from France and other Western countries.
“My wife took me to see the flag-raising 35 in Tian’ anmen Square. Witnessing countless young people rushing 36 the flag, I was deeply moved. It’s a country of strength, unity, and love,” he said.
When Jean-Baptiste visited his Chinese wife’s hometown for the first time, he couldn’t speak much Chinese. He felt the warmth of home in a foreign country and was 37 to live in China, he said. All of these experiences made Jean-Baptiste eager to 38 different aspects of Chinese culture. He visited many tourist 39 in China. When he returned to France for vacation and 40 photos of his travels and life in China with his family, they were also excited.
41 his fantastic personal experiences in China, Jean-Baptiste noticed that friendly interactions between the two countries are 42 . After learning about the 15-day visa-free travel from France to China, his family and friends couldn’t wait to 43 their trip to China. “I’m overjoyed to 44 them during the 60th anniversary of China-France diplomatic relations, showcasing China’s modern development and rich history,” he said. “I may be just an ordinary person with 45 influence, but everyone can be a cultural ambassador.”
31．A．produced B．published C．acknowledged D．aired
32．A．Business B．Journey C．Program D．Exhibition
33．A．last B．real C．initial D．right
34．A．similar B．familiar C．mysterious D．plain
35．A．ceremony B．activity C．show D．display
36．A．from B．in C．toward D．for
37．A．thrilled B．worried C．embarrassed D．surprised
38．A．collect B．explore C．fetch D．accumulate
39．A．homes B．attractions C．centers D．routes
40．A．shared B．delivered C．exchanged D．printed
41．A．Regardless of B．In spite of C．Apart from D．Far from
42．A．declining B．increasing C．stable D．flexible
43．A．cancel B．stop C．book D．suspend
44．A．relax B．join C．visit D．host
45．A．special B．limited C．significant D．extensive
（四）
When working in person, most of us have a natural understanding of non-verbal (非语言的) signals. That is to say, all the ways in which we 46 work out without words.
47 , in the digital workspace, this kind of communication can seem less 48 . Many work 49 now happen via online chats, and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off.
Parts of non-verbal communication have always 50 outside face-to-face interaction, of course. For example, these unnoticeable 51 could begin with a profile picture on your CV (简历); even deciding whether or not to add an emoji (表情图标) in a work group chat can change the 52 of the interaction.
Yet the new workplace shift in where and how we work has 53 the world of non-verbal communication greatly. For instance, in video calls, backgrounds can give all sorts of non-verbal 54 about co-workers’ lifestyles, 55 and level of professionalism. Let’s say if a co-worker positions the camera below the chin (下巴), 56 others to look up, you begin to dislike him or her, almost 57 . Indeed, data have shown that during video calls, factors like camera angles, distance from the camera and ability to make eye contact all 58 how likeable people are noticed to be.
In a new world where 59 working is rapidly developing, being willing to engage non-verbally makes it 60 to understand others and to be understood.
46．A．unite B．communicate C．recognize D．cooperate
47．A．Besides B．However C．Otherwise D．Therefore
48．A．important B．separable C．adventurous D．flexible
49．A．conditions B．conversations C．seats D．paces
50．A．survived B．proved C．transformed D．existed
51．A．signals B．maps C．journeys D．articles
52．A．milestone B．analysis C．feel D．study
53．A．quitted B．expanded C．failed D．reduced
54．A．information B．change C．application D．concern
55．A．meetings B．suggestions C．interests D．videos
56．A．inspiring B．forcing C．permitting D．warning
57．A．continuously B．willingly C．carefully D．instantly
58．A．impact B．accomplish C．report D．harm
59．A．diligent B．crazy C．remote D．abstract
60．A．easier B．harder C．more traditional D．more exciting
