专题06 阅读理解(说明文+议论文)
Passage1
（2024·天津河东·一模）Do you feel stressed Research on the mental health condition of senior high school students from China, US, South Korea and Japan has recently been released. The research was carried out jointly by China Youth and Children Research Center, National Institution for Youth Education of Japan and National Youth Policy Institute of Korea.
The results showed that senior high students are at the lowest point of mental health level among all adolescent (青春期的) pared to students from the US, South Korea and Japan, Chinese students show a low level of emotional health, self evaluation and interpersonal support. Life habits (sleep, phone dependence, etc), stress and social support (parental, peer and teacher support) are important factors affecting the mental health of senior high students in China.
However, the confidence level of Chinese high school students is the highest among those of all four countries. For example, when it comes to statements like “I believe I can reach my goals”, over 80 percent of Chinese students chose “agree”. In spite of this, some Chinese students lack a sense of self-worth and willpower, leading to difficulties in forming their identity in the process of becoming adults.
Chen Yue, a mental counselor from a foreign languages school in Beijing, said that he has seen behavior in class that reflects the research results. “The reasons behind that can be linked to parents who may take too much control in junior high period and now feel kind of lost in their children’s transitional stage to adulthood,” Chen said. “Also, students tend to attach greater importance to interpersonal relationships in senior high and even link it to their self-evaluation.”
Chen also pointed out that students’ relationship with phones is delicate. “Many teachers and parents simply ban students from using phones without realizing that phones are more than a tool of entertainment, but rather a territory of personal space and connection to the social world,” said Chen, “therefore, an appropriate amount of freedom is crucial.”
Meanwhile, some students have their own way to deal with interpersonal relationships. Chen Yeliang, a 17-year-old senior high student, said that if she doesn’t get along with someone. she wouldn’t attribute (归因于) it to herself. “It just means that we are from different worlds and the time spent on each other is not worth it,” she said.
1．What did the research find about Chinese senior high students
A．They are the most confident.
B．They have the most social support.
C．They have the most mental problems.
D．They have the highest level of self-evaluation.
2．How did researchers carry out the study
A．By comparing respondents’ backgrounds.
B．By doing interviews and mental tests.
C．By conducting a questionnaire.
D．By studying the findings of previous research.
3．What is a reason behind Chinese students’ behavior in class according to Chen
A．They value friends over parents. B．They want to behave like adults.
C．They desire their parents’ attention. D．They focus more on relationships.
4．What will Chen Yeliang do if she doesn’t get along with others
A．Just let it be. B．Reflect on herself.
C．Communicate openly. D．Spend more time together.
5．What might be the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A．To show the reason for feeling stressed.
B．To get the young people know the result of feeling stressed.
C．To find out how senior high school students get along with others.
D．To show the research on the mental health condition of senior high school students.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍关于中、美、韩、日四国高中生心理健康状况的研究结果，详细阐述了中国高中生的心理健康状况及其影响因素，以及专家对这一现象的看法和建议。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, the confidence level of Chinese high school students is the highest among those of all four countries.(然而，中国高中生的自信水平在四个国家中是最高的)”可知，中国高中生是最自信的。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“For example, when it comes to statements like “I believe I can reach my goals”, over 80 percent of Chinese students chose “agree”.(例如，当谈到“我相信我能达到我的目标”时，超过80%的中国学生选择了“同意”)”可推知，研究人员是通过问卷调查来进行研究的。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Chen Yue, a mental counselor from a foreign languages school in Beijing, said that he has seen behavior in class that reflects the research results. “The reasons behind that can be linked to parents who may take too much control in junior high period and now feel kind of lost in their children’s transitional stage to adulthood,” Chen said. “Also, students tend to attach greater importance to interpersonal relationships in senior high and even link it to their self-evaluation.”(来自北京一所外国语学校的心理咨询师Chen Yue表示，他已经看到学生们在课堂上的行为反映了研究结果。陈说：“这背后的原因可能与父母在初中时期控制得太多有关，现在在孩子向成年的过渡阶段感到有点迷失。此外，高中生往往更加重视人际关系，甚至将其与自我评价联系起来。”)”可知，Chen Yue认为，中国学生在课堂上的行为背后的原因是他们更注重人际关系。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Chen Yeliang, a 17-year-old senior high student, said that if she doesn’t get along with someone. she wouldn’t attribute (归因于) it to herself. “It just means that we are from different worlds and the time spent on each other is not worth it,” she said.(17岁的高中生Chen Yeliang表示，如果她和别人相处不好。她不会把这归咎于自己。她说：“这只是意味着我们来自不同的世界，花在彼此身上的时间不值得。”)”可知，如果Chen Yeliang和别人相处不好，她只是认为他们来自不同的世界，而不会归咎于自己，所以是随它去吧。故选A项。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you feel stressed Research on the mental health condition of senior high school students from China, US, South Korea and Japan has recently been released. The research was carried out jointly by China Youth and Children Research Center, National Institution for Youth Education of Japan and National Youth Policy Institute of Korea.(你感到压力大吗？最近，来自中国、美国、韩国和日本的高中生心理健康状况研究报告发布。这项研究是由中国青少年研究中心、日本国立青少年教育研究所和韩国国立青少年政策研究所联合进行的)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要展示对高中生心理健康状况的调查。故选D项。
Passage2
（2024·天津河东·一模）“I can’t live without my mobile phone!” is what I often hear people say as they talk about how mobiles have become an essential part of their lives.
The all so common sight of heads bent, eyes staring at mobile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself across major cities around the world. Whenever there is a moment to spare while on the train, taxi or waiting in a queue, people busy themselves with their mobile phones.
Some people believe our unhealthy obsession with mobile phones is destroying how we appreciate the little things in life or miss the moments that matter. The truth is that technology overall should be seen as a tool to improve our lives.
Mobile phones have certainly had a great influence on our lives, but I truly believe it’s for the better.
It’s changed the way we communicate, whether for work or play. We are now less constrained (限制) by time and geographical location. With my mobile phone, I can dial into conference calls while stuck in a traffic jam, or reply to urgent e-mails while on the go. I can send a text message or share photos and videos with friends who aren’t living in the same country. My phone calendar keeps my life organized, and even Facebook. Twitter, and instant messaging are now accessible from mobile phones!
The mobile revolution isn’t just changing the lives of urbanite like myself. I know of a young Bangladeshi woman named Shompa Akhter who is crazy about fashion and design. She dreamt about starting her own business and she did just that, opening a shop in Kushtia featuring her own creations. Dealing with suppliers in different towns was a problem for Shompa-purchase orders had to either be hand delivered or mailed out to suppliers. Shompa also found it tough publicizing (宣传) her business to potential customers outside her town. But once she learnt to operate the mobile phone, she was addicted. The 25-year-old businesswoman now stays in touch easily with her suppliers. Mobile e-mail is a blessing in her life. Who would have thought that mobility could bring about such enormous change It shouldn’t really be a surprise though.
6．The author intends to ____by citing a common saying about mobile phones at the beginning.
A．attract the readers’ attention
B．introduce the topic
C．stress how mobile phones affect our lives
D．share his own feelings about mobile phones
7．In the first two paragraphs, the author wants to show ____.
A．mobile phones make people communicate less
B．mobile phones make people’s life more enjoyable
C．people’s health is greatly affected by mobile phones
D．people become addicted to mobile phones in daily life
8．What’s the author’s attitude towards mobile phones
A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Critical. D．Uninterested.
9．Paragraph 5 is mainly about ____.
A．new functions of mobile phones B．new changes in Information Age
C．the advantages of mobile phones D．the author’s personal experiences
10．What do we know about Shompa from the passage
A．She operates a food store.
B．She is addicted to Internet surfing.
C．Mobile e-mail is still unavailable to her.
D．Her mobile phone helped her business a lot.
【答案】6．C 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。当代社会，人们在日常生活中沉迷于手机，但是作者认为，手机的出现给我们的生活带来了许多积极的影响。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第一段““I can’t live without my mobile phone!” is what I often hear people say as they talk about how mobiles have become an essential part of their lives.(“没有手机我活不下去！”这是我经常听到人们在谈论手机如何成为他们生活中必不可少的一部分时所说的话)”及第二段“The all so common sight of heads bent, eyes staring at mobile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself across major cities around the world.(低着头，眼睛盯着手机屏幕，手指忙着敲击键盘，这种司空见惯的景象在世界各地的主要城市重演)”可知，作者在第一段引用了一句关于手机的俗语是为了强调手机如何影响我们的生活。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容及第二段“The all so common sight of heads bent, eyes staring at mobile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself across major cities around the world. Whenever there is a moment to spare while on the train, taxi or waiting in a queue, people busy themselves with their mobile phones.(低着头，眼睛盯着手机屏幕，手指忙着敲击键盘，这种司空见惯的景象在世界各地的主要城市重演。在火车上、出租车上或排队等候时，只要有空闲时间，人们就会忙着玩手机)”可知，前两段作者想要说明人们在日常生活中沉迷于手机的现象。故选D项。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Mobile phones have certainly had a great influence on our lives, but I truly believe it’s for the better.(手机确实对我们的生活产生了很大的影响，但我真的相信它会变得更好)”推知，作者对于手机表示支持态度。故选B项。
9．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It’s changed the way we communicate, whether for work or play. We are now less constrained (限制) by time and geographical location.(它改变了我们沟通的方式，无论是工作还是娱乐。我们现在不再受时间和地理位置的限制)”及“My phone calendar keeps my life organized, and even Facebook. Twitter, and instant messaging are now accessible from mobile phones!(我的手机日历让我的生活井井有条，甚至是Facebook。Twitter和即时通讯现在可以从手机上访问)”可知，这一段作者描述了手机的优点。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Shompa also found it tough publicizing (宣传) her business to potential customers outside her town. But once she learnt to operate the mobile phone, she was addicted. The 25-year-old businesswoman now stays in touch easily with her suppliers. Mobile e-mail is a blessing in her life.(尚帕还发现，向镇子以外的潜在客户宣传她的生意很困难。但是一旦她学会使用手机，她就上瘾了。这位25岁的女商人现在很容易与她的供应商保持联系。移动电子邮件是她生活中的幸事)”可知，Shompa的手机对她的生意帮助很大。故选D项。
Passage3
（2024·天津河西·一模）Some people worry that there’s too much technology in our lives. And they may have a point, given how countless people now carry the internet around in their pocket and use it as a primary form of communication. It’s practically difficult to shun technology in our world. There are computer microchips (微芯片) in our watches, our cars, light switches, even our pets! Where will it end
Well, if certain people have their way, it’ll go even further. We’ll have microchips implanted into our brains that can interact with the computers by thought alone. It may sound like something from the science fiction, but in many ways, things look quite promising. Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via computers, microchips and other related devices have long been put into brains.
For example, electrodes have been implanted in the brains of epilepsy patients to better record and even predict the abnormal neurological (神经病学的) activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulation, through implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regions, is an established treatment for things like -Parkinson’s disease, and is even being looked into for illnesses like depression.
However, it’s another thing to place such devices in healthy individuals. There are the practical concerns, not least of which is what these chips will be made of. The inside of the brain is a mass of highly reactive chemicals and electrical activity. Implants would need to be inert (静止的) enough to not upset the delicate processes by their presence, but also sensitive enough to read and process the activity around them. Current technology has made impressive progress with this, but if it were to be rolled out to millions of people, we’d need to be 100 per cent certain that it’s safe.
How many people will actually want to have technology literally put into their brain A surprising 60 per cent of Americans say they’d be okay with it, but that’s when it’s purely. theoretical. In reality, the possibility of having strangers stick chips in your brain is likely to prove unattractive, especially for a population where millions get mad at fictional microchips in vaccines (疫苗), and even more are frightened of dentists.
Ultimately, the technology of computer-brain interface (接口) implants is still far away from us.
11．What’s the function of the first paragraph
A．A summary of the article. B．An introduction to the main topic.
C．An overview of the whole article. D．An argument over the main topic.
12．What does the underlined word “implanted” mean in paragraph 2
A．To put something into someone’s body by an operation.
B．To design something new over a period of time.
C．To prevent something from changing rapidly.
D．To get rid of something steadily.
13．What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 3
A．The process of human-computer interaction.
B．The possible treatment for particular diseases.
C．The future of microchips and devices alike.
D．The existing application of microchip implants.
14．How may most Americans react to implanting chips in the brain in reality
A．They may reject it. B．They may expect it.
C．They may adjust to it. D．They may feel curious about it,
15．Which word can best describe the technology of computer-brain interface implants
A．Imaginary. B．Practical.
C．Unfulfilled. D．Impossible.
【答案】11．B 12．A 13．D 14．A 15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在我们的世界里，几乎很难避开科技。我们的手表、汽车、电灯开关，甚至我们的宠物里都有计算机微芯片。文章主要探讨了将微芯片植入人类大脑的可能性。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段“There are computer microchips (微芯片) in our watches, our cars, light switches, even our pets!(我们的手表、汽车、电灯开关、甚至我们的宠物里都有计算机微芯片！)”可知，第一段提到电脑芯片在人们日常生活中已经是普遍存在，从这些事实引发思考：“Where will it end (它将在哪里结束？)”，从而引出本文的话题：将微芯片植入人类大脑的可能性。故选B。
12．词句猜测题。根据第二段“microchips(微芯片)”，“into our brains(进入我们的大脑)”和“Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via computers, microchips and other related devices have long been put into brains.(由于能够通过计算机远程发送和接收信息，微芯片和其他相关设备早就被植入大脑。)”可知，微芯片是被植入大脑，划线词implanted的意思是 “植入”，和A选项“To put something into someone’s body by an operation(通过手术把某物放入某人体内)”意思相近，故选A。
13．推理判断题。 根据第二段中“Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via computers, microchips and other related devices have long been put into brains.(由于能够通过计算机远程发送和接收信息，微芯片和其他相关设备早就被植入大脑。)”和第三段“For example, electrodes have been implanted in the brains of epilepsy patients to better record and even predict the abnormal neurological (神经病学的) activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulation, through implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regions, is an established treatment for things like -Parkinson’s disease, and is even being looked into for illnesses like depression.(例如，电极被植入癫痫患者的大脑中，以更好地记录甚至预测异常的神经活动。同样，通过植入设备引起大脑关键区域活动的脑深部刺激，是治疗帕金森病等疾病的既定治疗方法，甚至正在研究治疗抑郁症等疾病。)”可推知，作者想通过例子说明微芯片植入的现有应用。故选D。
14．细节理解题。 根据倒数第二段“In reality, the possibility of having strangers stick chips in your brain is likely to prove unattractive, especially for a population where millions get mad at fictional microchips in vaccines (疫苗), and even more are frightened of dentists.(在现实中，让陌生人在你的大脑中植入芯片的可能性很可能被证明是没有吸引力的，尤其是对一个数百万人对疫苗中虚构的微芯片感到愤怒，甚至更多人害怕牙医的人群来说。)”可知，在现实中，大多数美国人可能会拒绝对在大脑中植入芯片。故选A。
15．推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“Ultimately, the technology of computer-brain interface (接口) implants is still far away from us.(最终，计算机-大脑接口植入技术离我们还很遥远。)”可推知，计算机与大脑接口植入技术还未实现。故选C。
Passage 4
（2024·天津红桥·一模）If someone created a flying machine able to track you down by listening for your voice, you might be terrified. But what if you were trapped in ruins after a natural disaster and first responders couldn’t locate you Maybe then a human-seeking drone (无人机) wouldn’t be such a terrible idea. That concept is the focus for engineers at Germany’s Fraunhofer FKIE Institute, who’ve built a drone to find people by detecting human screams.
“The human seeking drone would be ideal for post-disaster situations, such as earth-quakes, hurricanes and wildfires,” said Macarena Varela, one of the lead engineers. “They could hover (盘旋) over an area that rescue crews have difficulty getting to and locate exactly where people may be trapped.”
Locating people by sound presents its share of challenges. An auditory (听觉的) system would need to tell human cries from sounds that often happen in nature, such as animal calls and wind. It might also need to recognize patterns associated with kicking, clapping or other ways people try to get the attention of rescue teams.
Engineers took those situations into account when building out their concept drone. They recorded themselves screaming, tapping and creating other noises they might be a sign of people in trouble. Then, they analyzed each sound frequency to find common signatures and used those to train artificial intelligence software. They also worked to remove the noise created by the drone and other environmental sounds.
Once the software part was completed, the team placed tiny digital microphones under the drone and used signal processing techniques that enabled them to track where human noises are coming from. The microphones also enhanced the volume and clearness of the speech. So far, they have conducted successful open field experiments, finding that the drone can estimate a victim’s location within a few seconds of picking up sound.
Next, they would like to add a higher frequency microphone to a drone to acquire more audio sound signals. The idea is to pick up noises from hundreds of meters away, Varela said. In the real world, victim’s location date might one day be sent wirelessly to emergeney crews carrying a tablet.
16．What is the advantage of the human-seeking drone
A．Its high speed of flying. B．Its long working hours.
C．Its quick response to screams. D．Its easy access to disaster scene.
17．What can the auditory system do
A．Recognize human cries.
B．Pick up sounds from far away.
C．Send victim’s location data to a tablet.
D．Improve the quality of human screams.
18．What does the underlined word “signatures” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Effects. B．Features. C．Symbols. D．Situations.
19．Up to now, engineers have successfully ________.
A．developed higher frequency microphones for use on drones
B．rescued disaster victims by using drones to recognize human cries.
C．coached artificial intelligence software to distinguish human and natural sounds
D．completed outdoor experiments using drones to quickly locate disaster victims
20．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．AI Enables Drones to Give Better Performance
B．Human-seeking Drones Replace Rescue Crews
C．Engineers Teach Drones to Hunt Human Screams
D．Rescuers Use Drones to Locate Disaster Survivors
【答案】16．C 17．A 18．B 19．D 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款无人机，该无人机能够通过倾听声音而追踪这个人，文章介绍了其工作原理、研发背景和所面临的挑战，包括其设计目的等。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“So far, they have conducted successful open field experiments, finding that the drone can estimate a victim’s location within a few seconds of picking up sound.(到目前为止，他们已经进行了成功的野外实验，发现无人机可以在接收到声音的几秒钟内估计出受害者的位置。)”可知，这种无人机能够在几秒内捉到声音并估计受害者的位置。这说明它能够迅速响应人的尖叫声，因此其优势在于对尖叫声的快速响应。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“An auditory (听觉的) system would need to tell human cries from sounds that often happen in nature, such as animal calls and wind.(听觉系统需要将人类的叫声与自然中经常发生的声音区分开来，比如动物的叫声和风的声音。)”可知，听觉系统能够识别人类的叫声。故选A。
18．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Then, they analyzed each sound frequency to find common signatures and used those to train artificial intelligence software. (然后，他们分析每个声音频率以找到共同的signatures，并将其用于训练人工智能软件)”可推测，应该是寻找共同特征将其用到训练人工智能软件上，划线单词的意思和“特征、特点”接近。选项A“Effects (效果)”；选项B“Features (特征)”；选项C“Symbols (符号)”；选项D“Situations (情况)”。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“So far, they have conducted successful open field experiments, finding that the drone can estimate a victim’s location within a few seconds of picking up sound.(到目前为止，他们已经进行了成功的野外实验，发现无人机可以在接收到声音的几秒钟内估计出受害者的位置。)”可知，到目前为止，工程师们已经成功利用无人机完成户外实验，快速定位灾民。故选D。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If someone created a flying machine able to track you down by listening for your voice, you might be terrified. But what if you were trapped in ruins after a natural disaster and first responders couldn’t locate you Maybe then a human-seeking drone (无人机) wouldn’t be such a terrible idea. That concept is the focus for engineers at Germany’s Fraunhofer FKIE Institute, who’ve built a drone to find people by detecting human screams.(如果有人发明了一种飞行器，可以通过倾听你的声音来追踪你，你可能会感到害怕。但如果你在自然灾害后被困在废墟中，急救人员无法找到你呢？也许到那时，寻找人类的无人机就不会是一个糟糕的主意了。这个概念是德国Fraunhofer FKIE研究所的工程师们关注的焦点，他们制造了一架无人机，通过探测人类的尖叫声来寻找人。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了德国Fraunhofer FKIE研究所的工程师们制造了一架无人机，通过探测人类的尖叫声来寻找人，C“工程师教无人机捕捉人类尖叫声”。故选C。
Passage 5
（2024·天津红桥·一模）When you’re choosing a college, a lot of factors probably may be considered: the school’s reputation, the classes offered, and the professors in your major, to name a few. However, considering the increasing competitiveness of universities to attract more and more applicants, many schools now offer extra benefits to be enjoyed by all of their students. Here are some of the coolest:
University of Missouri
When you think of a campus gym, you probably picture a room equipped with old weights and out-of-date machines. However, at the University of Missouri, you can enjoy one of the best campus fitness centers in the country. It features an “indoor beach” complete with a waterfall and a lazy river, as well as a full-service spa. Even if you don’t normally enjoy working out, Missouri’s fitness center will give you a reason to go to the gym.
High Point University
If you see yourself quickly tired of dining hall food — something that happens to almost all of us — High Point University in North Carolina has a great option for you: a private steakhouse for students. It’s a first-class restaurant, and, best of all, you don’t have to pay for the meal out of your own pocket. You can use your dining dollars instead.
Set on Hall University
If you’re stressing out about the extra cost of technology when you start college, Seton Hall has great news for you: all freshmen are given free laptops through the university’s Mobile Computing Program. As a freshman, you’ll receive a laptop already set up with all of the software that you’ll need as a student. Then, after two years, you’ll receive a new and updated laptop designed to carry to through until after you graduate.
New York University
If you’re a fan of museums, NYU (New York University) is the perfect university for you not only are you located in the heart of a city featuring some of the best museums in the world, but the university will even provide you with free admission to many of them. You can take advantage of visiting free museums at any time you want — and you’ll never be bored on the weekends.
21．What can we learn from Paragraph1
A．It is hard to be admitted to a university.
B．A university’s fame is the top consideration.
C．The competition to attract applicants is fierce.
D．Extra benefits makes no difference to applicants.
22．What can we learn about the fitness center in the University of Missouri
A．Its equipment is out of date.
B．It is the best one in the world.
C．It has a real beach there.
D．It can arouse students’ interest in workout.
23．Which university offers extra benefit of food
A．University of Missouri. B．High Point University.
C．Seton Hall University. D．New York University.
24．What can be guaranteed for students choosing Seton Hall University
A．Free tuition. B．Free accommodation.
C．Free computers D．High graduation rate.
25．Which of the following is true of New York University
A．It is located in the center of the city.
B．It houses the best museums in the world.
C．All the museums are open to its students for free.
D．Museums are usually closed on the weekends.
【答案】21．C 22．D 23．B 24．C 25．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四所不同大学为吸引学生而提供的特色福利，以帮助读者做出更好的选择。
21．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When you’re choosing a college, a lot of factors probably may be considered: the school’s reputation, the classes offered, and the professors in your major, to name a few. However, considering the increasing competitiveness of universities to attract more and more applicants, many schools now offer extra benefits to be enjoyed by all of their students.(当你选择一所大学时，可能会考虑很多因素：学校的声誉，提供的课程，以及你专业的教授，等等。然而，考虑到大学为了吸引越来越多的申请者而增加的竞争力，许多学校现在为所有学生提供额外的福利。)”可知，大学为了吸引越来越多的申请者的竞争非常激烈。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据文章“University of Missouri”部分中的“However, at the University of Missouri, you can enjoy one of the best campus fitness centers in the country. It features an “indoor beach” complete with a waterfall and a lazy river, as well as a full-service spa. Even if you don’t normally enjoy working out, Missouri’s fitness center will give you a reason to go to the gym.(然而，在密苏里大学，你可以享受到全国最好的校园健身中心之一。它的特色是一个“室内海滩”，配有瀑布和慵懒的河流，以及一个全方位服务的水疗中心。即使你平时不喜欢锻炼，密苏里州的健身中心也会给你一个去健身房的理由。)”可知，密苏里大学的健身中心是全国最好的校园健身中心之一，设施良好，能够引起学生锻炼的兴趣。故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据文章“High Point University”部分中的“If you see yourself quickly tired of dining hall food — something that happens to almost all of us — High Point University in North Carolina has a great option for you: a private steakhouse for students. It’s a first-class restaurant, and, best of all, you don’t have to pay for the meal out of your own pocket.(如果你发现自己很快就厌倦了食堂的食物——这几乎是我们所有人都会遇到的事情——北卡罗来纳州的高点大学为你提供了一个很好的选择：为学生提供的私人牛排馆。这是一家一流的餐厅，最重要的是，你不必自掏腰包。)”可知，北卡罗来纳州的High Point University为学生提供私人牛排馆。故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据文章“Seton Hall University”部分中的“If you’re stressing out about the extra cost of technology when you start college, Seton Hall has great news for you: all freshmen are given free laptops through the university’s Mobile Computing Program.(如果你刚开始上大学时还在为科技的额外成本而紧张，那么西顿霍尔大学有一个好消息要告诉你：通过大学的移动计算项目，所有新生都可以获得免费的笔记本电脑。)”可知，西顿霍尔大学的学生可以获得免费的笔记本电脑。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据文章“New York University”部分中的“If you’re a fan of museums, NYU (New York University) is the perfect university for you not only are you located in the heart of a city featuring some of the best museums in the world, but the university will even provide you with free admission to many of them.(如果你是一个博物馆迷，纽约大学是你的理想之选，不仅因为你位于一个以世界上最好的博物馆为特色的城市的中心，而且大学甚至为你提供许多博物馆的免费入场券。)”可知，纽约大学位于市中心。故选A。
Passage 6
（2024·天津河北·一模）In today’s digital age, where a vast ocean of information is just a click away, the question arises: can one learn too much Given that no individual can grasp the entirety of human knowledge. However, there exists a phenomenon where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed by too much information.
Consider a scenario where you’re eager to achieve a particular goal. You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you absorb more information, it paradoxically (矛盾地) feels like your understanding diminishes. Each new concept or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach.
This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit of more information. Although gaining comprehensive knowledge is valuable, that is to say there’s nothing wrong with learning a lot, issues arise when this pursuit obstructs practical application. If learning continuously prevents you from starting, you’ll find yourself stuck, unable to achieve your desired outcomes.
An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then transition into action swiftly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot.
The comparison with a baby learning to walk is a good example here. A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually mastered. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. By engaging in action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals.
In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s crucial not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our aspirations. This balanced approach is key to overcoming the paralysis of overlearning and actively moving towards realizing your ambitions.
26．What problem does the digital age present in learning
A．Too much information. B．Learning to inaction.
C．Online distractions. D．Technical issues.
27．What stops people from achieving the goal
A．The distraction caused by unrelated tasks.
B．The inability to find relevant information.
C．The confusion caused by the information.
D．The desire to learn basic concept or strategy.
28．Why is practical experience important in the learning process
A．It replaces continuous learning.
B．It is irrelevant in gaining knowledge.
C．It holds back theoretical understanding.
D．It offers a comprehensive understanding.
29．The example “baby learning to walk” mentioned in Paragraph 5 is used to ________.
A．compare different learning styles
B．show the importance of making mistakes
C．emphasize the need for parental guidance
D．explain learning through action and experience
30．What makes the best title for the passage
A．The Paradox of Information Overload B．The Harmony of Learning and Doing
C．The Pursuit of Balanced Knowledge D．The Process of Learning to Walk
【答案】26．A 27．C 28．D 29．D 30．B
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。在数字时代，过量的信息会造成学习停滞的问题，因此，在学习过程中，实践经验能帮助我们更全面的理解学习的知识，从而实现目标。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In today’s digital age, where a vast ocean of information is just a click away, the question arises: can one learn too much Given that no individual can grasp the entirety of human knowledge. However, there exists a phenomenon where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed by too much information.(在今天的数字时代，海量的信息只需点击一下，问题就来了：一个人会不会学得太多？因为没有人能掌握人类的全部知识。然而，有一种现象是，过度学习可能导致无所作为，一种被太多信息淹没的状态)”可知，数字时代给学习提供了太多的信息。故选A项。
27．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you absorb more information, it paradoxically feels like your understanding diminishes. Each new concept or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach.(你首先要进行广泛的研究，深入研究这个主题。当你吸收的信息越多，你的理解力就越差。每一个新的概念或策略都揭示出更深的层次，使目标看起来更加复杂和遥不可及)”可知，过多的信息会让理解变得更加复杂和遥不可及，即使理解变得更混乱。故选C项。
28．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then transition into action swiftly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot.(实现目标的另一种更有效的方法是在学习和实践之间取得平衡。收集必要的信息，然后迅速采取行动，即使你觉得有些措手不及。这通常是最好的学习方式，因为实践经验提供了理论知识无法提供的见解)”可知，在学习过程中，实际经验是重要的，因为它可以通过实践帮助理解信息，提供一个全面的理解。故选D项。
29．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then transition into action swiftly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot.(实现目标的另一种更有效的方法是在学习和实践之间取得平衡。收集必要的信息，然后迅速采取行动，即使你觉得有些措手不及。这通常是最好的学习方式，因为实践经验提供了理论知识无法提供的见解)”和倒数第二段“A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually mastered. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. By engaging in action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals.(婴儿不是通过坐着和分析走路的过程来学习走路的。相反，它通过尝试走路和摔倒来学习，然后从每次跌倒中了解什么有用，什么没用。通过反复的努力，最终学会了走路。这种方法也适用于目标实现。通过参与行动，从结果中学习，并做出相应的调整，你会逐渐接近你的目标)”可知，通过“婴儿学习走路”的例子可以解释通过行动和经验来学习这个观点。故选D项。
30．主旨大意题。根据文章全文，尤其是最后一段“In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s crucial not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our aspirations.(总之，虽然追求知识是有价值的，但重要的是不要让它成为行动的障碍。学习应该是行动的垫脚石，而不是目的本身。只有通过收集知识和应用知识的相互作用，我们才能真正朝着我们的愿望前进)”可知，本文介绍在学习过程中，应将信息和实践相结合，这样能更好地实现目标。B选项“学与做的和谐”与本文主旨相符。故选B项。
Passage7
（2024·天津河北·一模）Every year, millions of monarch butterflies migrate 3,000 miles to Mexico from North America. “Everybody knows about the monarchs’ migration,” says Andy Davis, an animal ecologist at the University of Georgia. “But one of the things that we still don’t understand is how they’re capable of making such tremendous flight while being such small animals with limited energy.” Amazingly, some of the monarch’s continent-spanning magic may be owed to the size of its wing spot, according to a study published in PLOS One.
The question of how color influences the monarch’s flight began when Mostafa Hassanalian, a professor of mechanical engineering, published a paper about how the colors on the wings of the albatross (信天翁) might help it fly for longer distances. The black on the top of the bird’s wings absorbs more solar energy, creating a pocket of warm air; the white on the bottom absorbs less. Together, the opposite colors create more lift and less drag, helping the albatross to fly up more efficiently.
Motivated by Hassanalian’s paper, Andy Davis contacted him and they teamed up with three other experts to investigate whether the orange, black. and white patterns on North American monarch butterflies’ wings influenced their flight distance. Specifically, they explored whether these color patterns determined how far the butterflies could fly. They discovered that surviving migratory monarchs had 3% less black pigment (色素) and 3% more white pigment a surprising contrast from the albatross. They also observed larger white spots on Eastern monarchs, which migrate farther than Western and Floridian populations, along with deeper shades of orange. The team assumed that these color patterns might offer an aerodynamic (空气动力) advantage, although the reason for the larger white spots remains unknown.
Should the connection between white markings and flight performance prove true, they plan to apply it to drone technology. “If small coloration (自然色彩) effects can improve like 10% of your efficiency, that’s a lot,” Hassanalian says, “Another aspect is that your drone would be able to carry more, because this coloration helps it gain extra lift.” The enhancement could also benefit other aircraft, but he points out one warning: planes fly at a much faster speed than butterflies, so coloration may not be as relevant to them.
Other butterfly scientists have reacted to their work with both enthusiasm and skeptlesm. “It is a totally new idea and it’s quite exciting,” says Marcus Kronforst, an evolutionary biologist. “I’ve worked on butterfly color patterns my whole life, basically, and never, never considered this. It’s never crossed my mind that it might influence how the butterflies fly.”
31．According to Andy Davis, what remains a mystery of the monarchs’ migration
A．How the monarchs manage the migration.
B．Why the monarchs make the migration.
C．Why the monarchs migrate to Mexico
D．How the monarchs choose the route.
32．Why are the colors on the wings of the albatross mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．To reveal the mechanism of the albatross’ flight.
B．To show Hassanalian’s achievements in albatross study.
C．To indicate where the researchers drew their inspiration.
D．To introduce common color patterns of the albatross’ wings.
33．What assumption can be drawn from Eastern monarchs’ color patterns
A．They reduce orange pigment. B．They limit migration distance.
C．They resemble albatross spots. D．They offer extra lift for migration.
34．How did the researchers draw the conclusion
A．By conducting an experiment. B．By making comparisons.
C．By doing field research. D．By studying models.
35．How does Hassanalian feel about the application of the coloration effects
A．Scientifically curious. B．Cautiously optimistic.
C．Technologically skeptical. D．Environmentally concerned.
【答案】31．A 32．C 33．D 34．B 35．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项研究，帝王蝶的飞行方式可能和翅膀斑点的大小有关。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段““But one of the things that we still don’t understand is how they’re capable of making such tremendous flight while being such small animals with limited energy.” (“但我们仍然不明白的一件事是，它们是如何在如此小的动物，能量有限的情况下进行如此巨大的飞行的。”)”可知根据安迪·戴维斯的说法，帝王蝶迁徙的神秘之处是如何管理迁徙。故选A。
32．推理判断题。根据第二段“The question of how color influences the monarch’s flight began when Mostafa Hassanalian, a professor of mechanical engineering, published a paper about how the colors on the wings of the albatross (信天翁) might help it fly for longer distances. (当机械工程教授穆斯塔法·哈桑纳利安发表了一篇关于信天翁翅膀上的颜色如何帮助它飞得更远的论文时，关于颜色如何影响帝王蝶飞行的问题就开始了。)”和第三段“Motivated by Hassanalian’s paper, Andy Davis contacted him and they teamed up with three other experts to investigate whether the orange, black. (受到哈桑纳利安论文的启发，安迪·戴维斯联系了他，他们与其他三位专家合作调查橙色，黑色。)”可知第二段提到的信天翁翅膀上的颜色，成为研究人员的灵感来源。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段“They discovered that surviving migratory monarchs had 3% less black pigment (色素) and 3% more white pigment a surprising contrast from the albatross. They also observed larger white spots on Eastern monarchs, which migrate farther than Western and Floridian populations, along with deeper shades of orange. The team assumed that these color patterns might offer an aerodynamic (空气动力) advantage, although the reason for the larger white spots remains unknown. (他们还观察到东方帝王蝶身上有更大的白斑，它们比西部和佛罗里达的种群迁徙得更远，还有更深的橙色阴影。研究小组认为，这些颜色图案可能提供了一种空气动力学优势，尽管更大的白色斑点的原因尚不清楚。) ”可知东方帝王蝶的颜色模式为迁徙提供了额外的空间。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段“Specifically, they explored whether these color patterns determined how far the butterflies could fly. They discovered that surviving migratory monarchs had 3% less black pigment (色素) and 3% more white pigment a surprising contrast from the albatross. They also observed larger white spots on Eastern monarchs, which migrate farther than Western and Floridian populations, along with deeper shades of orange. The team assumed that these color patterns might offer an aerodynamic (空气动力) advantage, although the reason for the larger white spots remains unknown. (具体来说，他们探索了这些颜色图案是否决定了蝴蝶能飞多远。他们发现幸存的迁徙帝王蝶的黑色色素少3%，白色色素多3%这与信天翁形成了惊人的对比。他们还观察到东方帝王蝶身上有更大的白斑，它们比西部和佛罗里达的种群迁徙得更远，还有更深的橙色阴影。研究小组认为，这些颜色图案可能提供了一种空气动力学优势，尽管更大的白色斑点的原因尚不清楚。)”可知研究人员对帝王蝶的颜色和信天翁的进行对比，故选B。
35．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““If small coloration (自然色彩) effects can improve like 10% of your efficiency, that’s a lot,” Hassanalian says, “Another aspect is that your drone would be able to carry more, because this coloration helps it gain extra lift.” The enhancement could also benefit other aircraft, but he points out one warning: planes fly at a much faster speed than butterflies, so coloration may not be as relevant to them. ( 哈桑纳利安说:“如果小的着色效果可以提高10%的效率，那就很大了。另一方面，你的无人机将能够携带更多的东西，因为这种着色可以帮助它获得额外的升力。”这一改进对其他飞机也有好处，但他指出了一个警告:飞机的飞行速度比蝴蝶快得多，因此颜色可能与它们没有那么相关。)”可知Hassanalian对着色的效果态度是乐观的也是严谨的，故选B。
Passage 8
（2024·天津和平·一模）There was much discussion of the concept of “quiet quitting” meaning, doing the bare minimum at work. And perhaps that’s not surprising: nowadays employee’s stress levels are at all-time highs. When you’re exhausted and overwhelmed, it feels like something needs to give up—the pursuit of excellence at work.
But is taking your foot off the gas the answer I’d argue it isn’t. As a writer focused on time management, I’ve come to realize that the opposite of burnout isn’t doing nothing but engagement. That’s what I found when I ran a study with more than 140 busy people. At the beginning, they spoke of feeling exhausted and tapped out. “My work to do list is never ending,”. one person said.
The participants applied time-management strategies over the course of nine weeks. But instead of asking them to scale things back, most of the strategies I taught people were additive. I had them build in regular physical activity, make space for little adventures. And when it came to leisure activities, I asked them to put “effortful before effortless”—to choose those that require action over those that are passive.
I also introduced them to the principle of taking “one night for you”—committing to doing something you enjoy, apart from work and family. As with quiet quitting, this might sometimes mean leaving work a little earlier than usual, but the point is not to do less; the idea is adding energizing activities to your schedule.
And it worked. Over weeks, participants came to feel that their schedules were brimming (充满) with activities that they had actively chosen—and as a result, time felt more abundant. Their satisfaction with how they spent their time overall rose 16 percent from the beginning to the end. They even reported making more progress on their professional goals —pretty much the opposite of quiet quitting—as their increased energy and engagement spilled over into all areas of life.
We each have the same hours every week. But time is also all about the stories we tell ourselves. When life is full of have-to-dos, we can feel beaten down by responsibilities. But add things we actually want to do, and time feels different. We feel a bit more in control of our lives. Put simply, when we put time into what we find energizing, our inner narrative changes. We no longer feel like life is a slog (苦役), when you’re feeling overwhelmed, committing time to something that feels wonderful could be a better bet than simply doing less.
36．According to Paragraph 1, quiet quitting makes one ______.
A．feel exhausted and overwhelmed B．pursue no excellence at work
C．work at all-time highs D．hardly finish the work on time
37．According to the writer, what is the best way for people to handle their exhaustion
A．Proper participation before burning out. B．The cut-down of to-do list and a proper rest.
C．Adding active elements to be effortful. D．Time management and physical activity.
38．What does the underlined part “scale things back” mean in the passage
A．To pay more effort than required. B．To go back to nature and relax.
C．To reflect on the old days. D．To reduce the amount of work.
39．The idea of “one night for you” is suggested, for one can ______
A．enjoy adventure with family members. B．go for physical exercises after work.
C．choose to be an active person at night. D．engage yourself in more favorable things.
40．What is the main idea of paragraph 5
A．Actively choosing activities have positive impact.
B．People are satisfied with more free time to spent.
C．People can make progress if they do not quit quietly.
D．Too much energy may be wasted if not concerned about.
41．What is the proper title of the passage
A．The power of time management. B．Strategies for a More Satisfying Life.
C．The secret of a happy life: Quiet Quitting. D．Rejecting Quiet Quitting: Active participation.
【答案】36．B 37．C 38．D 39．D 40．A 41．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文主要讨论了“躺平”的概念，即在工作中只做最低限度的工作。作者认为，疲惫和不堪重负时，似乎需要放弃追求工作上的卓越表现。然而，作者认为减少工作量并不是答案，而是要积极参与。
36．细节理解题。根据第一段“When you’re exhausted and overwhelmed, it feels like something needs to give up—the pursuit of excellence at work.(当你感到疲惫不堪时，你会觉得有些事情需要放弃，那就是在工作中追求卓越)”可知，躺平会让人在工作中不再追求卓越。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据第三段“And when it came to leisure activities, I asked them to put “effortful before effortless”—to choose those that require action over those that are passive.(当谈到休闲活动时，我要求他们把“费力的事放在轻松的事之前”——选择那些需要行动的事，而不是那些被动的事)”以及第四段“As with quiet quitting, this might sometimes mean leaving work a little earlier than usual, but the point is not to do less; the idea is adding energizing activities to your schedule.(就像躺平一样，这有时可能意味着比平时早一点下班，但重点不是做得更少；这个想法是在你的日程安排中增加一些充满活力的活动)”可知，人们应对疲惫的最好方法是增加活跃因素。故选C。
38．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The participants applied time-management strategies over the course of nine weeks.(参与者在九周的时间里应用了时间管理策略)”以及but表示转折，说明虽然应用时间管理策略，但是作者没有要求他们减少工作量，而是教给人们更多的策略。故划线词意思是“减少工作量”。故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据第四段“I also introduced them to the principle of taking “one night for you”—committing to doing something you enjoy, apart from work and family. As with quiet quitting, this might sometimes mean leaving work a little earlier than usual, but the point is not to do less; the idea is adding energizing activities to your schedule.(我还向他们介绍了“给自己一个晚上”的原则——承诺做一些自己喜欢的事情，除了工作和家庭。就像躺平一样，这有时可能意味着比平时早一点下班，但重点不是做得更少；这个想法是在你的日程安排中增加一些充满活力的活动)”可知，建议“给自己一个晚上”的想法，因为你可以让自己从事更有利的事情。故选D。
40．主旨大意题。根据第五段“And it worked. Over weeks, participants came to feel that their schedules were brimming (充满) with activities that they had actively chosen—and as a result, time felt more abundant. Their satisfaction with how they spent their time overall rose 16 percent from the beginning to the end. They even reported making more progress on their professional goals —pretty much the opposite of quiet quitting—as their increased energy and engagement spilled over into all areas of life.(这招奏效了。几周后，参与者开始觉得他们的日程安排充满了他们积极选择的活动——结果，时间感觉更充裕了。从开始到结束，他们对自己如何度过时间的总体满意度上升了16%。他们甚至报告说，他们在职业目标上取得了更大的进步——这几乎与悄然放弃相反——因为他们增加的精力和投入延伸到了生活的各个领域)”可知，第5段的主旨是积极选择活动有积极的影响。故选A。
41．主旨大意题。根据第一段“There was much discussion of the concept of “quiet quitting” meaning, doing the bare minimum at work. And perhaps that’s not surprising: nowadays employee’s stress levels are at all-time highs. When you’re exhausted and overwhelmed, it feels like something needs to give up—the pursuit of excellence at work.(关于“躺平”的概念有很多讨论，意思是在工作中只做最少的工作。也许这并不奇怪：如今员工的压力水平处于历史最高水平。当你感到疲惫不堪时，你会觉得有些事情需要放弃，那就是在工作中追求卓越)”结合短文主要讨论了“躺平”的概念，即在工作中只做最低限度的工作。作者认为，疲惫和不堪重负时，似乎需要放弃追求工作上的卓越表现。然而，作者认为减少工作量并不是答案，而是要积极参与。可知，D选项“拒绝躺平：积极参与”最符合文章标题。故选D。
Passage 9
（2024·天津和平·一模）The world is full of advice on how to get a good night’s sleep, but sometimes doing so just isn’t possible. If you are struggling with a sleep disorder, are a shift worker or have a baby who. wakes every few hours, being told how to sleep well can be annoying. For others, despite feeling exhausted all day, a fourth episode of your favorite TV series can seem more appealing than going to bed.
How do you know if you are sleep-deprived For some people, the answer will be obvious; for others, it may be less so. Russell Foster, a professor at the University of Oxford, specifies three signs that you are probably not getting enough sleep: “Feeling that you don’t perform at your peak during the day; oversleeping on free days; or craving (渴望得到) a nap during the day.”
“Lack of good sleep can cause an imbalance in your appetite hormones,” says Martin Meadows, a registered dietitian: “The hormone ghrelin, which causes you to feel hungry, increases and the hormone leptin, which signals that you are full; decreases.”
As Meadows says: “It’s a perfect storm where we want to eat more and we don’t know when to stop, combined with the fact that when we are sleep-deprived our willpower is lower, arid it all becomes pretty tricky. Poor sleep, or sleep deprivation (匮乏), leads to an increased likelihood of poor lifestyle choices. Many of us get stuck in the habit of eating junk food, and the knock-on effect is that the junk food disturbs our sleep, because it’s higher in sugar; it’s more stimulating.”
“Short term, you can get away with the negative influence of sleep deprivation of you,” says Foster. “It’s in the long term that things start to fall apart.” He catalogues the ill effects: “Your cognitive performance. drops with accumulated sleep deprivation—your communication skills, your decision-making skills, your memory.” There is also an increased risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, depression and psychosis.
Fortunately, according to Meadows, most of us could do with an extra hour to an hour and a half of sleep each night to cope with sleep deprivation. And if you had a bad night’s sleep, Meadows recommends “making a conscious effort to choose foods such as wholegrains, beans, fruits and vegetables. Because they are packed with fiber and water, they will help you feel full while limiting your overall energy intake.”
42．The examples given in the first paragraph are intended to ______.
A．list reasons why people hate advice on good sleep B．highlight the harm caused by sleep deprivation
C．present the factual phenomenon of lack of sleep D．form a contrast with the following paragraphs
43．How does lack of good sleep affect appetite according to Martin Meadows
A．It disturbs the feeling of being hungry or full. B．It ruins your appetite instead of feeling hungry.
C．It causes imbalance in eating and sleeping D．It has no impact on appetite hormones.
44．Which of the following message is conveyed by Meadows in paragraph.4
A．When it’s stormy outside, we crave for junk food and a good night sleep.
B．When we feel under the weather, we should eat less and sleep more.
C．We should combine healthy eating with regular sleep together.
D．Bad eating and sleep deprivation contributes to each other.
45．Which of the following may, NOT be a consequence of sleep deprivation
A．Irregular heartbeat. B．Failing memory.
C．Poor decision-making. D．Bad choices of lifestyle.
46．People lacking sleep are encouraged to ______.
A．sleep for as long as they want during the day B．watch one episode of their favorite TV series
C．prevent yourself from energy intake each night D．consume food rich in fiber and water
【答案】42．C 43．A 44．D 45．A 46．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“睡眠不足”这一主题展开，详细介绍了睡眠不足的症状、原因、影响以及如何改善睡眠等方面的知识。
42．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The world is full of advice on how to get a good night’s sleep, but sometimes doing so just isn’t possible. If you are struggling with a sleep disorder, are a shift worker or have a baby who. wakes every few hours, being told how to sleep well can be annoying. For others, despite feeling exhausted all day, a fourth episode of your favorite TV series can seem more appealing than going to bed.(世界上有很多关于如何睡个好觉的建议，但有时这样做是不可能的。如果你正在与睡眠障碍作斗争，是一个轮班工人或有一个孩子。每隔几个小时醒来，被告知如何睡得好是很烦人的。对另一些人来说，尽管感觉一整天都很累，但看第四集你最喜欢的电视剧似乎比睡觉更有吸引力。)”以及第二段“How do you know if you are sleep-deprived (你怎么知道自己是否睡眠不足呢？)”可知，文章第一段给出例子是为了呈现当代人缺乏睡眠这一现象。故选C。
43．细节理解题。根据文章第三段““Lack of good sleep can cause an imbalance in your appetite hormones,” says Martin Meadows, a registered dietitian: “The hormone ghrelin, which causes you to feel hungry, increases and the hormone leptin, which signals that you are full; decreases.”(“缺乏良好的睡眠会导致食欲激素失衡，”注册营养师Martin Meadows说：“使你感到饥饿的激素胃饥饿素增加，而表明你吃饱了的激素瘦素减少。”)”可知，Martin Meadows认为缺乏良好的睡眠会导致食欲激素失衡，从而导致感到饥饿的激素胃饥饿素增加，而表明你吃饱了的激素瘦素减少。故选A。
44．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“As Meadows says: “It’s a perfect storm where we want to eat more and we don’t know when to stop, combined with the fact that when we are sleep-deprived our willpower is lower, arid it all becomes pretty tricky. Poor sleep, or sleep deprivation(匮乏), leads to an increased likelihood of poor lifestyle choices. Many of us get stuck in the habit of eating junk food, and the knock-on effect is that the junk food disturbs our sleep, because it’s higher in sugar; it’s more stimulating.”(正如Meadows所说：“这是一场完美的风暴，我们想吃得更多，却不知道什么时候该停下来，再加上睡眠不足时我们的意志力会降低，这一切都变得相当棘手。睡眠不足或睡眠匮乏会增加不良生活方式选择的可能性。我们中的许多人都养成了吃垃圾食品的习惯，其连锁反应是垃圾食品扰乱了我们的睡眠，因为它们的含糖量更高；这更刺激。”)”可知，Meadows认为睡眠不足会导致不良的饮食习惯，而不良饮食习惯又扰乱了我们的睡眠。故选D。
45．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“As Meadows says: “It’s a perfect storm where we want to eat more and we don’t know when to stop, combined with the fact that when we are sleep-deprived our willpower is lower, arid it all becomes pretty tricky. Poor sleep, or sleep deprivation(匮乏), leads to an increased likelihood of poor lifestyle choices. Many of us get stuck in the habit of eating junk food, and the knock-on effect is that the junk food disturbs our sleep, because it’s higher in sugar; it’s more stimulating.”(正如Meadows所说：“这是一场完美的风暴，我们想吃得更多，却不知道什么时候该停下来，再加上睡眠不足时我们的意志力会降低，这一切都变得相当棘手。睡眠不足或睡眠匮乏会增加不良生活方式选择的可能性。我们中的许多人都养成了吃垃圾食品的习惯，其连锁反应是垃圾食品扰乱了我们的睡眠，因为它们的含糖量更高；这更刺激。”)”可知，睡眠不足会带来不良的生活方式；再根据第五段“He catalogues the ill effects: “Your cognitive performance. drops with accumulated sleep deprivation—your communication skills, your decision-making skills, your memory.” There is also an increased risk of cardiovascular(心血管的) disease, depression and psychosis.(他列举了这些不良影响：“你的认知能力会随着长期睡眠不足而下降——你的沟通能力、决策能力和记忆力都会下降。”患心血管疾病、抑郁症和精神病的风险也在增加。)”可知，睡眠不足会导致沟通能力、决策能力和记忆力下降。由此可知，选项A“Irregular heartbeat.(心律不齐)”未提及。故选A。
46．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“And if you had a bad night’s sleep, Meadows recommends “making a conscious effort to choose foods such as wholegrains, beans, fruits and vegetables. Because they are packed with fiber and water, they will help you feel full while limiting your overall energy intake.”(如果你晚上睡得不好，Meadows建议“有意识地选择全麦、豆类、水果和蔬菜等食物。”因为它们富含纤维和水分，它们会让你有饱腹感，同时限制你的总能量摄入。)”可知，睡眠不足的人可以摄入富含纤维和水分的食物，因为这类食物会让人有饱腹感同时又能限制总能量摄入。故选D。专题06 阅读理解(说明文+议论文)
Passage1
（2024·天津河东·一模）Do you feel stressed Research on the mental health condition of senior high school students from China, US, South Korea and Japan has recently been released. The research was carried out jointly by China Youth and Children Research Center, National Institution for Youth Education of Japan and National Youth Policy Institute of Korea.
The results showed that senior high students are at the lowest point of mental health level among all adolescent (青春期的) pared to students from the US, South Korea and Japan, Chinese students show a low level of emotional health, self evaluation and interpersonal support. Life habits (sleep, phone dependence, etc), stress and social support (parental, peer and teacher support) are important factors affecting the mental health of senior high students in China.
However, the confidence level of Chinese high school students is the highest among those of all four countries. For example, when it comes to statements like “I believe I can reach my goals”, over 80 percent of Chinese students chose “agree”. In spite of this, some Chinese students lack a sense of self-worth and willpower, leading to difficulties in forming their identity in the process of becoming adults.
Chen Yue, a mental counselor from a foreign languages school in Beijing, said that he has seen behavior in class that reflects the research results. “The reasons behind that can be linked to parents who may take too much control in junior high period and now feel kind of lost in their children’s transitional stage to adulthood,” Chen said. “Also, students tend to attach greater importance to interpersonal relationships in senior high and even link it to their self-evaluation.”
Chen also pointed out that students’ relationship with phones is delicate. “Many teachers and parents simply ban students from using phones without realizing that phones are more than a tool of entertainment, but rather a territory of personal space and connection to the social world,” said Chen, “therefore, an appropriate amount of freedom is crucial.”
Meanwhile, some students have their own way to deal with interpersonal relationships. Chen Yeliang, a 17-year-old senior high student, said that if she doesn’t get along with someone. she wouldn’t attribute (归因于) it to herself. “It just means that we are from different worlds and the time spent on each other is not worth it,” she said.
1．What did the research find about Chinese senior high students
A．They are the most confident.
B．They have the most social support.
C．They have the most mental problems.
D．They have the highest level of self-evaluation.
2．How did researchers carry out the study
A．By comparing respondents’ backgrounds.
B．By doing interviews and mental tests.
C．By conducting a questionnaire.
D．By studying the findings of previous research.
3．What is a reason behind Chinese students’ behavior in class according to Chen
A．They value friends over parents. B．They want to behave like adults.
C．They desire their parents’ attention. D．They focus more on relationships.
4．What will Chen Yeliang do if she doesn’t get along with others
A．Just let it be. B．Reflect on herself.
C．Communicate openly. D．Spend more time together.
5．What might be the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A．To show the reason for feeling stressed.
B．To get the young people know the result of feeling stressed.
C．To find out how senior high school students get along with others.
D．To show the research on the mental health condition of senior high school students.
Passage2
（2024·天津河东·一模）“I can’t live without my mobile phone!” is what I often hear people say as they talk about how mobiles have become an essential part of their lives.
The all so common sight of heads bent, eyes staring at mobile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself across major cities around the world. Whenever there is a moment to spare while on the train, taxi or waiting in a queue, people busy themselves with their mobile phones.
Some people believe our unhealthy obsession with mobile phones is destroying how we appreciate the little things in life or miss the moments that matter. The truth is that technology overall should be seen as a tool to improve our lives.
Mobile phones have certainly had a great influence on our lives, but I truly believe it’s for the better.
It’s changed the way we communicate, whether for work or play. We are now less constrained (限制) by time and geographical location. With my mobile phone, I can dial into conference calls while stuck in a traffic jam, or reply to urgent e-mails while on the go. I can send a text message or share photos and videos with friends who aren’t living in the same country. My phone calendar keeps my life organized, and even Facebook. Twitter, and instant messaging are now accessible from mobile phones!
The mobile revolution isn’t just changing the lives of urbanite like myself. I know of a young Bangladeshi woman named Shompa Akhter who is crazy about fashion and design. She dreamt about starting her own business and she did just that, opening a shop in Kushtia featuring her own creations. Dealing with suppliers in different towns was a problem for Shompa-purchase orders had to either be hand delivered or mailed out to suppliers. Shompa also found it tough publicizing (宣传) her business to potential customers outside her town. But once she learnt to operate the mobile phone, she was addicted. The 25-year-old businesswoman now stays in touch easily with her suppliers. Mobile e-mail is a blessing in her life. Who would have thought that mobility could bring about such enormous change It shouldn’t really be a surprise though.
6．The author intends to ____by citing a common saying about mobile phones at the beginning.
A．attract the readers’ attention
B．introduce the topic
C．stress how mobile phones affect our lives
D．share his own feelings about mobile phones
7．In the first two paragraphs, the author wants to show ____.
A．mobile phones make people communicate less
B．mobile phones make people’s life more enjoyable
C．people’s health is greatly affected by mobile phones
D．people become addicted to mobile phones in daily life
8．What’s the author’s attitude towards mobile phones
A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Critical. D．Uninterested.
9．Paragraph 5 is mainly about ____.
A．new functions of mobile phones B．new changes in Information Age
C．the advantages of mobile phones D．the author’s personal experiences
10．What do we know about Shompa from the passage
A．She operates a food store.
B．She is addicted to Internet surfing.
C．Mobile e-mail is still unavailable to her.
D．Her mobile phone helped her business a lot.
Passage3
（2024·天津河西·一模）Some people worry that there’s too much technology in our lives. And they may have a point, given how countless people now carry the internet around in their pocket and use it as a primary form of communication. It’s practically difficult to shun technology in our world. There are computer microchips (微芯片) in our watches, our cars, light switches, even our pets! Where will it end
Well, if certain people have their way, it’ll go even further. We’ll have microchips implanted into our brains that can interact with the computers by thought alone. It may sound like something from the science fiction, but in many ways, things look quite promising. Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via computers, microchips and other related devices have long been put into brains.
For example, electrodes have been implanted in the brains of epilepsy patients to better record and even predict the abnormal neurological (神经病学的) activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulation, through implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regions, is an established treatment for things like -Parkinson’s disease, and is even being looked into for illnesses like depression.
However, it’s another thing to place such devices in healthy individuals. There are the practical concerns, not least of which is what these chips will be made of. The inside of the brain is a mass of highly reactive chemicals and electrical activity. Implants would need to be inert (静止的) enough to not upset the delicate processes by their presence, but also sensitive enough to read and process the activity around them. Current technology has made impressive progress with this, but if it were to be rolled out to millions of people, we’d need to be 100 per cent certain that it’s safe.
How many people will actually want to have technology literally put into their brain A surprising 60 per cent of Americans say they’d be okay with it, but that’s when it’s purely. theoretical. In reality, the possibility of having strangers stick chips in your brain is likely to prove unattractive, especially for a population where millions get mad at fictional microchips in vaccines (疫苗), and even more are frightened of dentists.
Ultimately, the technology of computer-brain interface (接口) implants is still far away from us.
11．What’s the function of the first paragraph
A．A summary of the article. B．An introduction to the main topic.
C．An overview of the whole article. D．An argument over the main topic.
12．What does the underlined word “implanted” mean in paragraph 2
A．To put something into someone’s body by an operation.
B．To design something new over a period of time.
C．To prevent something from changing rapidly.
D．To get rid of something steadily.
13．What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 3
A．The process of human-computer interaction.
B．The possible treatment for particular diseases.
C．The future of microchips and devices alike.
D．The existing application of microchip implants.
14．How may most Americans react to implanting chips in the brain in reality
A．They may reject it. B．They may expect it.
C．They may adjust to it. D．They may feel curious about it,
15．Which word can best describe the technology of computer-brain interface implants
A．Imaginary. B．Practical.
C．Unfulfilled. D．Impossible.
Passage 4
（2024·天津红桥·一模）If someone created a flying machine able to track you down by listening for your voice, you might be terrified. But what if you were trapped in ruins after a natural disaster and first responders couldn’t locate you Maybe then a human-seeking drone (无人机) wouldn’t be such a terrible idea. That concept is the focus for engineers at Germany’s Fraunhofer FKIE Institute, who’ve built a drone to find people by detecting human screams.
“The human seeking drone would be ideal for post-disaster situations, such as earth-quakes, hurricanes and wildfires,” said Macarena Varela, one of the lead engineers. “They could hover (盘旋) over an area that rescue crews have difficulty getting to and locate exactly where people may be trapped.”
Locating people by sound presents its share of challenges. An auditory (听觉的) system would need to tell human cries from sounds that often happen in nature, such as animal calls and wind. It might also need to recognize patterns associated with kicking, clapping or other ways people try to get the attention of rescue teams.
Engineers took those situations into account when building out their concept drone. They recorded themselves screaming, tapping and creating other noises they might be a sign of people in trouble. Then, they analyzed each sound frequency to find common signatures and used those to train artificial intelligence software. They also worked to remove the noise created by the drone and other environmental sounds.
Once the software part was completed, the team placed tiny digital microphones under the drone and used signal processing techniques that enabled them to track where human noises are coming from. The microphones also enhanced the volume and clearness of the speech. So far, they have conducted successful open field experiments, finding that the drone can estimate a victim’s location within a few seconds of picking up sound.
Next, they would like to add a higher frequency microphone to a drone to acquire more audio sound signals. The idea is to pick up noises from hundreds of meters away, Varela said. In the real world, victim’s location date might one day be sent wirelessly to emergeney crews carrying a tablet.
16．What is the advantage of the human-seeking drone
A．Its high speed of flying. B．Its long working hours.
C．Its quick response to screams. D．Its easy access to disaster scene.
17．What can the auditory system do
A．Recognize human cries.
B．Pick up sounds from far away.
C．Send victim’s location data to a tablet.
D．Improve the quality of human screams.
18．What does the underlined word “signatures” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Effects. B．Features. C．Symbols. D．Situations.
19．Up to now, engineers have successfully ________.
A．developed higher frequency microphones for use on drones
B．rescued disaster victims by using drones to recognize human cries.
C．coached artificial intelligence software to distinguish human and natural sounds
D．completed outdoor experiments using drones to quickly locate disaster victims
20．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．AI Enables Drones to Give Better Performance
B．Human-seeking Drones Replace Rescue Crews
C．Engineers Teach Drones to Hunt Human Screams
D．Rescuers Use Drones to Locate Disaster Survivors
Passage 5
（2024·天津红桥·一模）When you’re choosing a college, a lot of factors probably may be considered: the school’s reputation, the classes offered, and the professors in your major, to name a few. However, considering the increasing competitiveness of universities to attract more and more applicants, many schools now offer extra benefits to be enjoyed by all of their students. Here are some of the coolest:
University of Missouri
When you think of a campus gym, you probably picture a room equipped with old weights and out-of-date machines. However, at the University of Missouri, you can enjoy one of the best campus fitness centers in the country. It features an “indoor beach” complete with a waterfall and a lazy river, as well as a full-service spa. Even if you don’t normally enjoy working out, Missouri’s fitness center will give you a reason to go to the gym.
High Point University
If you see yourself quickly tired of dining hall food — something that happens to almost all of us — High Point University in North Carolina has a great option for you: a private steakhouse for students. It’s a first-class restaurant, and, best of all, you don’t have to pay for the meal out of your own pocket. You can use your dining dollars instead.
Set on Hall University
If you’re stressing out about the extra cost of technology when you start college, Seton Hall has great news for you: all freshmen are given free laptops through the university’s Mobile Computing Program. As a freshman, you’ll receive a laptop already set up with all of the software that you’ll need as a student. Then, after two years, you’ll receive a new and updated laptop designed to carry to through until after you graduate.
New York University
If you’re a fan of museums, NYU (New York University) is the perfect university for you not only are you located in the heart of a city featuring some of the best museums in the world, but the university will even provide you with free admission to many of them. You can take advantage of visiting free museums at any time you want — and you’ll never be bored on the weekends.
21．What can we learn from Paragraph1
A．It is hard to be admitted to a university.
B．A university’s fame is the top consideration.
C．The competition to attract applicants is fierce.
D．Extra benefits makes no difference to applicants.
22．What can we learn about the fitness center in the University of Missouri
A．Its equipment is out of date.
B．It is the best one in the world.
C．It has a real beach there.
D．It can arouse students’ interest in workout.
23．Which university offers extra benefit of food
A．University of Missouri. B．High Point University.
C．Seton Hall University. D．New York University.
24．What can be guaranteed for students choosing Seton Hall University
A．Free tuition. B．Free accommodation.
C．Free computers D．High graduation rate.
25．Which of the following is true of New York University
A．It is located in the center of the city.
B．It houses the best museums in the world.
C．All the museums are open to its students for free.
D．Museums are usually closed on the weekends.
Passage 6
（2024·天津河北·一模）In today’s digital age, where a vast ocean of information is just a click away, the question arises: can one learn too much Given that no individual can grasp the entirety of human knowledge. However, there exists a phenomenon where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed by too much information.
Consider a scenario where you’re eager to achieve a particular goal. You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you absorb more information, it paradoxically (矛盾地) feels like your understanding diminishes. Each new concept or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach.
This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit of more information. Although gaining comprehensive knowledge is valuable, that is to say there’s nothing wrong with learning a lot, issues arise when this pursuit obstructs practical application. If learning continuously prevents you from starting, you’ll find yourself stuck, unable to achieve your desired outcomes.
An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then transition into action swiftly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot.
The comparison with a baby learning to walk is a good example here. A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually mastered. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. By engaging in action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals.
In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s crucial not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our aspirations. This balanced approach is key to overcoming the paralysis of overlearning and actively moving towards realizing your ambitions.
26．What problem does the digital age present in learning
A．Too much information. B．Learning to inaction.
C．Online distractions. D．Technical issues.
27．What stops people from achieving the goal
A．The distraction caused by unrelated tasks.
B．The inability to find relevant information.
C．The confusion caused by the information.
D．The desire to learn basic concept or strategy.
28．Why is practical experience important in the learning process
A．It replaces continuous learning.
B．It is irrelevant in gaining knowledge.
C．It holds back theoretical understanding.
D．It offers a comprehensive understanding.
29．The example “baby learning to walk” mentioned in Paragraph 5 is used to ________.
A．compare different learning styles
B．show the importance of making mistakes
C．emphasize the need for parental guidance
D．explain learning through action and experience
30．What makes the best title for the passage
A．The Paradox of Information Overload B．The Harmony of Learning and Doing
C．The Pursuit of Balanced Knowledge D．The Process of Learning to Walk
Passage7
（2024·天津河北·一模）Every year, millions of monarch butterflies migrate 3,000 miles to Mexico from North America. “Everybody knows about the monarchs’ migration,” says Andy Davis, an animal ecologist at the University of Georgia. “But one of the things that we still don’t understand is how they’re capable of making such tremendous flight while being such small animals with limited energy.” Amazingly, some of the monarch’s continent-spanning magic may be owed to the size of its wing spot, according to a study published in PLOS One.
The question of how color influences the monarch’s flight began when Mostafa Hassanalian, a professor of mechanical engineering, published a paper about how the colors on the wings of the albatross (信天翁) might help it fly for longer distances. The black on the top of the bird’s wings absorbs more solar energy, creating a pocket of warm air; the white on the bottom absorbs less. Together, the opposite colors create more lift and less drag, helping the albatross to fly up more efficiently.
Motivated by Hassanalian’s paper, Andy Davis contacted him and they teamed up with three other experts to investigate whether the orange, black. and white patterns on North American monarch butterflies’ wings influenced their flight distance. Specifically, they explored whether these color patterns determined how far the butterflies could fly. They discovered that surviving migratory monarchs had 3% less black pigment (色素) and 3% more white pigment a surprising contrast from the albatross. They also observed larger white spots on Eastern monarchs, which migrate farther than Western and Floridian populations, along with deeper shades of orange. The team assumed that these color patterns might offer an aerodynamic (空气动力) advantage, although the reason for the larger white spots remains unknown.
Should the connection between white markings and flight performance prove true, they plan to apply it to drone technology. “If small coloration (自然色彩) effects can improve like 10% of your efficiency, that’s a lot,” Hassanalian says, “Another aspect is that your drone would be able to carry more, because this coloration helps it gain extra lift.” The enhancement could also benefit other aircraft, but he points out one warning: planes fly at a much faster speed than butterflies, so coloration may not be as relevant to them.
Other butterfly scientists have reacted to their work with both enthusiasm and skeptlesm. “It is a totally new idea and it’s quite exciting,” says Marcus Kronforst, an evolutionary biologist. “I’ve worked on butterfly color patterns my whole life, basically, and never, never considered this. It’s never crossed my mind that it might influence how the butterflies fly.”
31．According to Andy Davis, what remains a mystery of the monarchs’ migration
A．How the monarchs manage the migration.
B．Why the monarchs make the migration.
C．Why the monarchs migrate to Mexico
D．How the monarchs choose the route.
32．Why are the colors on the wings of the albatross mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．To reveal the mechanism of the albatross’ flight.
B．To show Hassanalian’s achievements in albatross study.
C．To indicate where the researchers drew their inspiration.
D．To introduce common color patterns of the albatross’ wings.
33．What assumption can be drawn from Eastern monarchs’ color patterns
A．They reduce orange pigment. B．They limit migration distance.
C．They resemble albatross spots. D．They offer extra lift for migration.
34．How did the researchers draw the conclusion
A．By conducting an experiment. B．By making comparisons.
C．By doing field research. D．By studying models.
35．How does Hassanalian feel about the application of the coloration effects
A．Scientifically curious. B．Cautiously optimistic.
C．Technologically skeptical. D．Environmentally concerned.
Passage 8
（2024·天津和平·一模）There was much discussion of the concept of “quiet quitting” meaning, doing the bare minimum at work. And perhaps that’s not surprising: nowadays employee’s stress levels are at all-time highs. When you’re exhausted and overwhelmed, it feels like something needs to give up—the pursuit of excellence at work.
But is taking your foot off the gas the answer I’d argue it isn’t. As a writer focused on time management, I’ve come to realize that the opposite of burnout isn’t doing nothing but engagement. That’s what I found when I ran a study with more than 140 busy people. At the beginning, they spoke of feeling exhausted and tapped out. “My work to do list is never ending,”. one person said.
The participants applied time-management strategies over the course of nine weeks. But instead of asking them to scale things back, most of the strategies I taught people were additive. I had them build in regular physical activity, make space for little adventures. And when it came to leisure activities, I asked them to put “effortful before effortless”—to choose those that require action over those that are passive.
I also introduced them to the principle of taking “one night for you”—committing to doing something you enjoy, apart from work and family. As with quiet quitting, this might sometimes mean leaving work a little earlier than usual, but the point is not to do less; the idea is adding energizing activities to your schedule.
And it worked. Over weeks, participants came to feel that their schedules were brimming (充满) with activities that they had actively chosen—and as a result, time felt more abundant. Their satisfaction with how they spent their time overall rose 16 percent from the beginning to the end. They even reported making more progress on their professional goals —pretty much the opposite of quiet quitting—as their increased energy and engagement spilled over into all areas of life.
We each have the same hours every week. But time is also all about the stories we tell ourselves. When life is full of have-to-dos, we can feel beaten down by responsibilities. But add things we actually want to do, and time feels different. We feel a bit more in control of our lives. Put simply, when we put time into what we find energizing, our inner narrative changes. We no longer feel like life is a slog (苦役), when you’re feeling overwhelmed, committing time to something that feels wonderful could be a better bet than simply doing less.
36．According to Paragraph 1, quiet quitting makes one ______.
A．feel exhausted and overwhelmed B．pursue no excellence at work
C．work at all-time highs D．hardly finish the work on time
37．According to the writer, what is the best way for people to handle their exhaustion
A．Proper participation before burning out. B．The cut-down of to-do list and a proper rest.
C．Adding active elements to be effortful. D．Time management and physical activity.
38．What does the underlined part “scale things back” mean in the passage
A．To pay more effort than required. B．To go back to nature and relax.
C．To reflect on the old days. D．To reduce the amount of work.
39．The idea of “one night for you” is suggested, for one can ______
A．enjoy adventure with family members. B．go for physical exercises after work.
C．choose to be an active person at night. D．engage yourself in more favorable things.
40．What is the main idea of paragraph 5
A．Actively choosing activities have positive impact.
B．People are satisfied with more free time to spent.
C．People can make progress if they do not quit quietly.
D．Too much energy may be wasted if not concerned about.
41．What is the proper title of the passage
A．The power of time management. B．Strategies for a More Satisfying Life.
C．The secret of a happy life: Quiet Quitting. D．Rejecting Quiet Quitting: Active participation.
Passage 9
（2024·天津和平·一模）The world is full of advice on how to get a good night’s sleep, but sometimes doing so just isn’t possible. If you are struggling with a sleep disorder, are a shift worker or have a baby who. wakes every few hours, being told how to sleep well can be annoying. For others, despite feeling exhausted all day, a fourth episode of your favorite TV series can seem more appealing than going to bed.
How do you know if you are sleep-deprived For some people, the answer will be obvious; for others, it may be less so. Russell Foster, a professor at the University of Oxford, specifies three signs that you are probably not getting enough sleep: “Feeling that you don’t perform at your peak during the day; oversleeping on free days; or craving (渴望得到) a nap during the day.”
“Lack of good sleep can cause an imbalance in your appetite hormones,” says Martin Meadows, a registered dietitian: “The hormone ghrelin, which causes you to feel hungry, increases and the hormone leptin, which signals that you are full; decreases.”
As Meadows says: “It’s a perfect storm where we want to eat more and we don’t know when to stop, combined with the fact that when we are sleep-deprived our willpower is lower, arid it all becomes pretty tricky. Poor sleep, or sleep deprivation (匮乏), leads to an increased likelihood of poor lifestyle choices. Many of us get stuck in the habit of eating junk food, and the knock-on effect is that the junk food disturbs our sleep, because it’s higher in sugar; it’s more stimulating.”
“Short term, you can get away with the negative influence of sleep deprivation of you,” says Foster. “It’s in the long term that things start to fall apart.” He catalogues the ill effects: “Your cognitive performance. drops with accumulated sleep deprivation—your communication skills, your decision-making skills, your memory.” There is also an increased risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, depression and psychosis.
Fortunately, according to Meadows, most of us could do with an extra hour to an hour and a half of sleep each night to cope with sleep deprivation. And if you had a bad night’s sleep, Meadows recommends “making a conscious effort to choose foods such as wholegrains, beans, fruits and vegetables. Because they are packed with fiber and water, they will help you feel full while limiting your overall energy intake.”
42．The examples given in the first paragraph are intended to ______.
A．list reasons why people hate advice on good sleep B．highlight the harm caused by sleep deprivation
C．present the factual phenomenon of lack of sleep D．form a contrast with the following paragraphs
43．How does lack of good sleep affect appetite according to Martin Meadows
A．It disturbs the feeling of being hungry or full. B．It ruins your appetite instead of feeling hungry.
C．It causes imbalance in eating and sleeping D．It has no impact on appetite hormones.
44．Which of the following message is conveyed by Meadows in paragraph.4
A．When it’s stormy outside, we crave for junk food and a good night sleep.
B．When we feel under the weather, we should eat less and sleep more.
C．We should combine healthy eating with regular sleep together.
D．Bad eating and sleep deprivation contributes to each other.
45．Which of the following may, NOT be a consequence of sleep deprivation
A．Irregular heartbeat. B．Failing memory.
C．Poor decision-making. D．Bad choices of lifestyle.
46．People lacking sleep are encouraged to ______.
A．sleep for as long as they want during the day B．watch one episode of their favorite TV series
C．prevent yourself from energy intake each night D．consume food rich in fiber and water
