2024年中考英语总复习 语法专题课件 动词的分类(共64张PPT)

(共64张PPT)
语法专题
专题八 动词的分类
知识导图
（按字母分类）
A
agree 同意 allow 允许 avoid 避免
B
break 打破 build 建造 buy 买
bring 带来 become 变成
动词归纳
C
change 改变 compare 比较 connect 连接
consider 考虑 control 操作 collect 收集
cry 哭 cook 煮
D
depend 视……定 describe 描述 discover 发现
disturb 打扰 dance 跳舞 drink 喝
续表
E
encourage 鼓励 enjoy 享受 examine 检查
explain 解释 eat 吃
F
fill 填充 force 强迫 forget 忘记
G
guess 猜测 guide 指引
续表
续表
H
help 帮助
I
imagine 想象 invite 邀请
L
laugh 大笑 leave 离开
M
move 移动
O
order 命令
续表
P
push 推动 pull 拉 play 玩
R
realize 领会 refuse 拒绝 rest 休息
S
sell 出售 see 看见 shout 喊
search 搜索 support 支持 spread 传播
show 展示 share 分享 smile 微笑
sleep 睡觉
续表
T
tell 告诉 throw 扔 try 尝试
thank 感谢 take 带走
W
wash 洗 warm （使）暖和 work 工作
进入中考动词和动词短语考点学习前，我们先来进行该考点的自我诊断
吧。请阅读以下五个句子，并在句中将所有的动词用下划线标示出来。
1. Several years ago，seven middle school students went swimming
in the Dongjiang River.
2. Suddenly one of the boys had a cramp（抽筋）and he went up and
down in the water and shouted for help.
考点诊断
3. Two of them tried to save him, but failed.
4. When he heard the shout, he jumped into the water without a
second thought.
5. When he tried to save the second one, he ran out of energy and
could not go up again.Two students and he lost their lives.
&1& 动词的分类：行为动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四种
考点梳理
分类 用法与例子
行为 动词 及物动词：及物动词作谓语，后面必须跟宾语 She has some bananas.她有一些香蕉。
He is reading a book. 他正在读一本书。
不及物动词：不及物动词作谓语，后面不能跟 宾语，只有加上介词才可接宾语 The party will start at 8 o'clock.
晚会将在8点开始。
（不及物动词start后不接宾语）
Let's look at the picture on the wall.
咱们看看墙上这幅画吧。
（不及物动词look加上介词at才能接宾语the picture）
分类 用法与例子
连系 动词 be（be动词） His father is a doctor in the hospital.
他爸爸是医院的医生。
表变化的： go （变为） get（成为；变得） turn（使……变得） become（变成；成为） In summer,the food goes bad easily.（变坏）
在夏天,食物很容易变坏。
In winter,the days get shorter and the nights get longer.
在冬天,日变短,夜变长。
In autumn,the leaves will turn yellow.（变颜色）
在秋天,叶子变黄了。
续表
分类 用法与例子
连系 动词 表感官的： look（看起来） feel（感觉起来） sound（听起来） seem（似乎;好像） taste（尝起来） smell（闻起来） He looks young.
他看起来很年轻。
The clothes feel soft.
这衣服摸起来很柔软。
That sounds good.=That sounds like a good idea.
这听起来不错。
He seems young.=It seems that he is young.
他好像很年轻。
续表
分类 用法与例子
连系 动词 表状态的： remain（仍然是保持不变） keep（保持） stay（保持；维持） —Can you keep the door open
你能让门开着吗？
—No,I will keep it closed. 不,我要让门关着。
Everyone should exercise to stay healthy.
每个人都应该锻炼身体以保持健康。
续表
分类 用法与例子
助动 词 be（am,is,are,was, were） have（has,had） do（does,did） shall（should） will（would） The bell is ringing.
铃正响着。（is帮助构成现在进行时态）
They do not go to school by bus.
他们不是乘公共汽车上学。（do帮助构成否定
结构）
续表
分类 用法与例子
情态 动词 英语中的情态动词有： can（could） may（might） must should need （一）情态动词的基本用法。
1. can
（1）表示能力,过去式为could,意为“能；会”,表示客观上具有某种能力。
He can swim but he can't skate.
他会游泳但不会滑冰。
（2）表示许可,用法相当于may。
Can I speak to Tom 我可以和汤姆通话吗？
续表
分类 用法与例子
情态 动词 英语中的情态动 词有： can（could） may（might） must should need 2. could
◇can 的过去式,当表请求时,could 不表示过去
式,语气比can 更委婉。
Could/Can I ask you some questions
我可以问你一些问题吗？
续表
分类 用法与例子
情态 动词 英语中的情态动词有： can（could） may（might） must should need 3. may/might
（1）表示请求或许可,比can 正式,其过去式为might。
May I have a look at your photo 我可以看看你的照片吗？
（2）在回答带有may的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用may/can,否定回答常用mustn't,表示“一定不要,千万别”。否定回答也可以用can't。
—May I go shopping with Lily 我可以和莉莉去购物吗？
—Yes,you can/may. 可以。
—No,you mustn't. 不,一定不要。
续表
分类 用法与例子
情态 动词 英语中的情态动词有： can（could） may（might） must should need 4. must
（1）表示“必须”,强调说话人主观上的看法,表示主观上的“必要”“一定”。
I must finish my homework on time.我必须按时完成作业。
（2）在回答带有must的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't/don't have to,表示“不必”。
—Must I go now 我必须现在去吗？
—Yes,you must. 是的。
—No,you needn't/don't have to. 不,不必要。
续表
分类 用法与例子
情态 动词 英语中的情态动词有： can（could） may（might） must should need 5. need
（1）作情态动词时,多用于疑问句和否定句,表示“需要,必须”。
You needn't go to the hospital. 你不必去医院。
（2）在回答带有need的一般疑问句时,肯定回
答用must，否定回答用needn't/don't have to。
—Need I go now 我现在需要去吗？
—Yes,you must. 是的,你必须去。
续表
分类 用法与例子
情态 动词 英语中的情态动词有： can（could） may（might） must should need （二）情态动词表示推测。
1.用于肯定推测的情态动词
（1）must表示较有把握的推测,意为“准是；一定”。后接动词原形,表示对现在的推测。
—I've had no sleep for 48 hours.我已经48小时没睡觉了。
—You must be very tired.你一定很累了。
（2）may/might用于肯定句中,表示对现在把握不大的推测,意为“也许；可能”。
Don't play with the knife.You may hurt yourself.
不要玩小刀。你可能会伤害你自己。
续表
分类 用法与例子
情态 动词 英语中的情态动 词有： can（could） may（might） must should need 2.用于否定、疑问推测的情态动词
（1）can't/couldn't 表示否定推测,语气最强,指“不可能”,带有惊异、怀疑的感彩。
He has gone to Beijing.He can't be at home.
他去北京了。他不可能在家。
（2）may not/might not 表示推测,语气不是很肯定,意为“可能不；也许不”。
He may not/might not be at home.他可能不在家。
续表
单项选择。
1. We should learn some basic life skills since we ________ depend on
ourselves some day.（2023·无锡改编）( )
C
A. can B. can't C. must D. shouldn't
2. —Listen！ Is Mr.Li giving a report in the hall？
—No， it ________ be him.He has gone to Paris.( )
D
A. needn't B. may not C. mustn't D. can't
3. —Dad, what's for dinner It ________ nice!
—I'm cooking chicken soup.( )
B
A. sounds B. smells C. tastes D. feels
4. He ________ look at the stars every night， but now he does
not.( )
B
A. had better B. used to C. is supposed to D. had to
&2& 动词的辨析——动词中有很多的近义词，但其用法却不相同，请注意以下几组近义词
hear listen to hear听见,强调听的结果；
listen to “听”,强调动作的过程,不一定能听见;
I listen to him carefully,but I can't hear anything.
bring take fetch carry bring带来,拿来。指从别处把物件拿来说话者的地点;
take带去,拿去。与bring相反,指从说话人所在地把某人或某物
带去或拿走;
fetch去然后拿来,双程路;
carry运载,搬动。指的是随身携带,没有任何方向。
续表
hope wish hope只有两种搭配：hope to do sth.，hope that+句子;
wish用法较多,wish to do sth.;wish sb. to do sth.；
wish sb. +n.（表祝愿）。
learn study learn表示通过学习、练习获得知识和技能,强调学会、得知;
study表示学习研究,即深入学习,还可作名词。
续表
find find out look for find意为“找到”,强调结果；
如要表示通过调查、访问等努力才发现事实、弄明真相则用
find out；
look for意为“寻找”,强调动作。
续表
say tell speak talk say+说话内容；
tell+双宾语,tell sb.sth./tell sth.to sb.；
speak作不及物动词表动作,作及物动词时speak+语言；
talk可作动词或作名词,talk with/to sb.,talk about sth. ,give
sb. a talk。
续表
look see watch read look表示看的动作,词组有：look at,look up,look after,look
on … as；
see看见、看到,表示看的结果；see sb.do/doing sth.;
watch观察、观看,watch a football match,watch TV,watch
sb.do/doing sth.;
read表示看、读,read a book/a novel。
续表
spend take cost pay spend主语是人,spend … on sth./spend … doing sth.花时间/
金钱干某事;
take表示做某事花多少时间,句型为：It takes sb.some time
to do sth.;
cost主语是物,表示某物花/值多少钱,句型为：sth.cost sb.money;
pay主语是人,表示花多少钱买某物,句型为：sb.pay … for sth.。
续表
stop to do stop doing stop to do sth.表示停下来去做另一件事；
stop doing sth.表示停下正在做的事情。
wear dress put on wear表示穿的状态,常用于进行时态,除了表示“穿”之外,还可以表示戴饰物、花、手表、眼镜、领带等;
dress sb.给某人穿衣服，get dressed穿上衣服;
put on表示穿的动作,意为“穿上”。
续表
be made of be made from be made of 用……制成,可以看得出原材料;
be made from用……制成,看不出原材料是什么。
take place happen take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”,一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”,即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排;
happen意为“发生、碰巧”,一般用于偶然或突发性件。
续表
根据句子意思选词填空，注意使用单词的正确形式。
1. When you go out, _____ the umbrella with you.（bring/take/carry）
2. My mother often _____ with me.She often _____ , “Come on,
dear.I'll support you forever.”（say/speak/talk/tell）
take
talks
says
3. She _____ 200 yuan for the skirt last week.That is to say, this skirt
_____ her 200 yuan.（spend/pay/take/cost）
4. The little boy in blue can ______ himself every morning.（wear/put
on /dress）
paid
cost
dress
&3& 动词短语
1.动词相同类
break
break down 故障 break into 闯入 break in 插嘴 break out
爆发
cut
cut down 砍倒;削减 cut up 切碎 cut off 切断
give
give away 赠送 give out 分发 give up 放弃 give in
屈服
take
take after 与……相像 take off 脱掉;起飞 take away 拿走 take out
拿出来
take the place of 代替 take turns 轮流 take care of 照顾
续表
make
make friends 交朋友 make a call 打电话 make a noise 发出噪音 make mistakes
犯错
make up one's mind 下决心 make a decision 做决定 make up
编造，打扮
续表
put
put away 收好 put on 穿上；上演 put off
取消
put on weight 增加体重 put out 扑灭 put up
搭建，张贴，举起
续表
look
look at 看 look like 长得像 look after
照顾
look over 检查 look around 环顾 look through
浏览
look for 寻找 look up 查阅 look down upon
看不起
续表
turn
turn up 调高 turn down 调低；拒绝 turn on
打开
turn off 关闭 turn into 变成 turn out
结果是
续表
get
get up 起床 get on 上车 get off
下车
get along with 相处 get together 相聚 get to
到达
get ready for 做准备 get close to 靠近 get over
克服
续表
be
be interested in 对……感兴趣 be famous for 因……出名 be worried about
担心
be responsible for 负责任 be fond of 喜欢 be proud of
为……感到自豪
be satisfied with 对……满意
续表
on
try on 试穿 hold on 坚持 depend on
依赖；取决于
go on 继续 carry on 继续 live on
靠……为生
pass on 传递
2.介词/副词相同类
up
grow up 成长 set up 建造 wake up 醒来；叫醒 fix up
修理
show up 出现 hurry up 赶紧 stay up 熬夜 use up
用完
dress up 打扮 take up 开始学；培养
续表
with
agree with 同意 compare with 对比 deal with
处理
come up with 想出；提出 catch up with 赶上 share with
分享
keep in touch with 接触，保持联系 quarrel with 争吵 connect with
连接
续表
for
wait for 等待 ask for 请求要…… provide … for 提供 pay for
支付
send for 派人去叫 search for 搜索 stand for 代表 care for
关心；在乎
prepare for 做准备 get ready for 做准备
续表
away
move away 搬走 run away 逃跑 go away
走开
send away 发送；打发走 throw away 扔掉 pass away
去世
续表
单句训练，词数不限。（盲填）
1. Please _____ off lights when you leave the room.Be a greener
person.
2. Thinking that her dream could never come true, Kelly was in low
spirits and _____ up her studies at school.
turn
gave
3. Let's ____ up the chicken and make some soup.
4. His serious illness never ____________________ him from living a
meaningful and colorful life.
cut
stopped/prevented/kept
小语篇训练。
During the summer vacation, Zhang Hua . .1. . the 16th Natural English Competition, and at last he was listed in the top 10 and got valuable experience.
He never . .2. . to go that far.And he had never . .3. . standing that high on the stage.But at that moment,he was ready to challenge himself.
1. ( ) A. took place B. took part in C. got good grades
B
2. ( ) A. expect B. expects C. expected
C
3. ( ) A. cared about B. thought abou C. worried about
B
To . .4. . the competition, he practiced a three-minute speech again and again and overcame stage fright（恐惧）.
One of his teammates, his good friend in his school, . .5. . him lots of encouragement and advice during the competition.Her ideas . .6. . new and powerful.She was like his coach, who showed him how . .7. . for useful materials online and how to express his own ideas clearly.
4. ( ) A. get B. joined C. prepare
C
5. ( ) A. was given B. gives C. gave
C
6. ( ) A. were B. was C. be
A
7. ( ) A. searching B. to search C. search
B
Thanks to the competition and the help of his friend, he now . .8. . more relaxed on stage and he isn't afraid of speaking in public any more.
8. ( ) A. feel B. feels C. felt
B
（满分：20分） 你的得分：____
一、语法选择。（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）（2023 广州华附中三模改编）
课堂小测
Last week, I went to a supermarket.When I paid the bill and passed . .1. . the door, the alarm suddenly started to ring.A young guard ran towards me and took . .2. . to a small room, and I was so afraid that I stopped at the door.He shouted at me and . .3. . me to go into the room.
1. ( ) A. on B. through C. over
B
2. ( ) A. me B. I C. my
A
3. ( ) A. force B. forces C. forced
C
He closed the door.A sharp voice said in my ear, “Take out the things you've stolen!” “I stole . .4. .,” I said.“Do as I tell you.When we find them, you . .5. . in trouble.” “I didn't take anything,” I said, taking everything out of my bag.The guard came in and asked a salesgirl to examine me . .6. ..Of course, they found nothing.
4. ( ) A. something B. anything C. nothing
C
5. ( ) A. is B. are C. will be
C
6. ( ) A. carefully B. more carefully C. care
A
The young guard ordered me to pass through the door alarm again.To my surprise, it rang again.I didn't know how to prove myself.They made me . .7. . into the small room again.“Take out the stolen things quickly, . .8. . we will call the police.” they said.“OK, call the police.I'm not afraid.” I said.
7. ( ) A. go B. goes C. went
A
8. ( ) A. but B. unless C. or
C
After a while, a salesgirl asked me to raise my feet.There was a label（标签） on . .9. . bottom of my right shoe.That was the thing made me in trouble.They apologized at once.What's more, they led me out and said sorry to me in front of other customers.This made me feel . .10. . than just now.
9. ( ) A. the B. an C. a
A
10. ( ) A. good B. better C. best
B
二、完形填空。（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
For Sparky, it was all but impossible to study well at school.He never passed . .11. . exams in high school.After getting a zero in the subject, he thought himself as the . .12. . physics student in the school's history.Sparky didn't do much better in sports either.Although he joined the school's golf team, he quickly . .13. . a match of the season.What's more, Sparky dared not talk to others.
11. ( ) A. chemistry B. math C. physics D. science
C
12. ( ) A. cleverest B. worst C. tallest D. busiest
B
13. ( ) A. watched B. played C. won D. lost
D
However, one thing was . .14. . to Sparky—drawing.He was proud of his artworks.In his senior year of high school, he tried to send some cartoons to editors.They were turned down.However, Sparky didn't . .15. . after this unhappy experience.After graduating from high school, he wrote a letter to Walt Disney Studios.
14. ( ) A. difficult B. weak C. strange D. important
D
15. ( ) A. make up B. put off C. give up D. turn down
C
He was . .16. . and advised to send some of his artworks.Sparky felt so excited that he drew some cartoons and sent them.He was full of . .17. . and waited.Finally, the reply came from the studios.But he was rejected（拒绝） once again.
16. ( ) A. reminded B. encouraged C. warned D. educated
B
17. ( ) A. shame B. surprise C. hope D. anger
C
Then Sparky decided to write his own cartoon.In the cartoon, he described himself as a boy loser who would never fly a kite and never . .18. . kicking a ball.For Sparky, the cartoon boy was himself, who always . .19. . at school and whose works were rejected again and again.
18. ( ) A. succeed in B. care about C. bring out D. feel like
A
19. ( ) A. studied B. failed C. disappeared D. arrived
B
To his surprise, the cartoon character soon became . .20. . worldwide.And he was known to the world for the popular comic strip “Peanuts”.
20. ( ) A. cheap B. meaningless C. famous D. creative
C