(共31张PPT)
代 词
语法基础复习
中考对代词的考查以名词性物主代词、形容词性物主代词和人称代词为主，反身代词则通常涉及与动词的固定搭配。所以，同学们需要重点区分名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的用法，掌握各自在句中充当的不同成分和功能，分类记忆每个人称对应的主格、宾格及谓语特点，熟记反身代词与动词的常用搭配。
对不定代词的考查以普通不定代词辨析或复合不定代词辨析为主。复合不定代词以everything，nothing，anything，nobody和everyone的辨析为主，也会涉及形容词修饰复合不定代词的用法。普通不定代词中以both，all，neither，either，none，each和every的辨析为主。
对疑问代词的考查主要涉及疑问代词和疑问副词的辨析及特殊疑问句中疑问词的应用。对指示代词的考查主要包括it作形式宾语或形式主语的用法。
一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
1．人称代词
人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，有主格和宾格之分。通常主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语。
数 格 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I(我) me(我) we(我们) us(我们)
第二人称 you(你) you(你) you(你们) you(你们)
第三人称 he(他) him(他) they (他/她/ 它们) them
(他/她/
它们)
she(她) her(她) it(它) it(它) 注：①人称代词作并列主语的排列顺序：单数形式：you and I；you，he and I。复数形式：we and you；we and they；we，you and they。但承担责任时总是第一人称在前。
②及物动词和介词之后的人称代词要用宾格，尤其要注意并列宾语。
2．物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数之分
数 人称 类型 单数 复数 一 二 三 一 二 三
我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的
形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their
名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
词义
形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。如：
My books are on the desk.Where are yours
我的书在桌子上。你的书在哪里？
3．反身代词
反身代词是人称代词的强调形式，一般用在宾语和主语是同一个人的情况下，或用来强调某人亲自怎样。不定代词one也有反身代词oneself。
英语中用来表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我们自己”“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，有人称和数的变化。反身代词可以在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。
人称 数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself herself itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 反身代词的常见搭配：
enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快
hurt oneself伤着自己
teach oneself ＝ learn...by oneself自学
(all)by oneself(完全)独立地
help oneself to请自便；随便吃……
look after oneself自理；照顾自己
leave one by oneself把……单独留下
lose oneself in陶醉于……；沉浸于……
二、不定代词
1．普通不定代词的用法。
(1)some和any的区别。
①some多用于肯定句，表示“一些；几个”，作形容词时，后可接不可数名词或可数名词复数形式。如：
Some birds are singing in the tree.
有些小鸟在树上唱歌。
Some salt was added to the noodles.
面条里面加了一些盐。
②any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些；任何”，用作形容词时，后接不可数名词或可数名词复数。在一些表建议或请求的句子中，说话人希望得到对方的肯定回答，仍然用some不用any。如：
Why not have some juice
为什么不喝点果汁？
If there are any new words in the passage，don't look them up in the dictionary immediately.
如果文章中有一些新单词，不要立刻去查词典。
There wasn't any milk left at home.
家里一点牛奶也没有了。
注意：与some，any结合构成的复合不定代词，如something，somebody，someone，anything，anybody，anyone在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，与some，any的用法基本一致。
(2)either和neither的区别
either意为“两者中的任何一个”，neither意为“两者都不”，都具有名词和形容词性质。作主语时，谓语动词用单数；作定语时，所修饰的名词也要用单数；还可以用作宾语。如：
Either of them sings very well.
他们两人唱歌都不错。(作主语)
I agree with neither of you.
你们两个人我都不同意。(作宾语)
There are shops on either side of the street＝(on both sides of the street)．街道两边都有商店。(作定语)
(3)it，one，that的区别。
①三者均可用作代词，指代前面提到的名词。一般来说，it指代同名同物；one与that则指代同名异物。如：
I have lost my umbrella；I'm looking for it.
I have lost my umbrella；I think I must buy one.
The population of China is much larger than that of Australia.
②one只能代替可数名词单数，代替可数名词复数时用ones；that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数，代替可数名词复数时用those。如：
I like this pen more than that one.
(one代替可数名词单数pen)
There were a few young boys and some older ones in the house.
(ones代替可数名词复数boys)
Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter.
(that代替不可数名词handwriting)
These pictures are more beautiful than those.(those代替可数名词复数pictures)
注意：it的其他用法：
a．作人称代词，如：
—What's this？ —这是什么？
—It's an orange. —是一个橘子。
b．可以用来指代季节、时间、距离和天气等。如：
It's cloudy today.今天是多云。
It's early summer now.现在是初夏。
c．用于强调句，结构为It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。如：
It was in the station that the police caught the thief.
警察是在车站抓住小偷的。
d．作形式主语或形式宾语。如：
It's not easy to take care of a dog.
照顾一只狗不容易。(作形式主语)
I find it difficult to translate the passage.
我发现翻译这篇文章很难。(作形式宾语)
e．用于指代性别不明的婴儿或指明、确认某人的身份。如：
—Who's knocking at the door？谁在敲门？
—It's me.是我。
(4)both和all区别。
①both表示“两者都”，反义词为neither，在句中作主语，宾语，定语和同位语。作主语，谓语用复数；作定语，后面跟复数名词。在句中的位置：be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前。常用搭配：both...and...表示“……和……都”。如：
Both of my parents are teachers.
我的父母都是老师。(作主语)
Both my parents are teachers.
我的父母都是老师。(作定语)
She got angry with both of them.
她对他们两个人都很生气。(作宾语)
They both agreed to come earlier.
他们都同意早点来。(作同位语)
②all意为“全部；所有”，反义词为none，修饰或代替可数名词时数量为三个或三个以上，也可以修饰或代替不可数名词。如：
They all sang very well.他们都唱得很好。
All the money belonged to him.所有的钱都属于他。
(5)each和every区别。
①each表示“(两者或两者以上的)每一个”，each＋单数名词/of短语，强调个体，谓语用单数；作主语同位语时，谓语用复数。如：
Each student(＝Each of the students)has a book.每个学生都有一本书。
The students each have a book.每个学生都有一本书。(each作the students的同位语)
②every＋单数名词，不能直接加of短语，表示“(三者或三者以上的)任何一个”，强调全体，常作定语；但是every one后面可以加of短语。如：
every of the magazines(×)
every one of the magazines(√)
③a.each(every)＋单数名词＋and＋单数名词，此时谓语动词用单数。如：
Each boy and girl has come.每个男生和女生都来了。
b．each(every)＋单数名词＋and＋each(every)＋单数名词，此时谓语动词用单数。如：
Each hour and each minute has its value.每一分每一秒都有它的价值。
(6)few，a few，little，a little的区别。
注意：①little作形容词还可以指“小的；年幼的”。如：
a little house一所小房子
my little sister＝my younger sister我的妹妹
②little，a little也可以作副词，a little表示“有点；稍微”，相当于a bit；little表示“很少”。如：
I'm a little heavy.我有点胖。(修饰形容词heavy)
用法 表示肯定 表示否定
few，a few修饰或代替复数可数名词 a few虽然不多，但有几个 few几乎没有
little，a little修饰或代替不可数名词 a little虽然不多，但有一点 little几乎没有
I slept very little last night.昨晚我几乎没怎么睡。(修饰动词sleep)
I feel a little better today.我今天感觉好点了。(修饰形容词比较级)
(7)other，others，the other，the others，another的区别。
①other意为“别的，其他的”，无特定范围；other＋名词复数＝others意为“其他的人或物”，无特定范围。常用搭配：some...，others...表示“一些……，另一些……”。如：
Do you have other questions
你还有其他什么问题吗？
Some are lying on the beach，while others are playing beach volleyball.
一些人躺在沙滩上，而另外一些人在打沙滩排球。
②the other意为“(两者中的)另一个”，常用搭配：one...，the other...表示“(两者在的)一个……，另一个……”。the other＋复数名词＝the others意为“其他的人或物(指剩余的全部)”。如：
On the other side of the street，there is a tall tree.
在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。
Two boys will go to the zoo，and the others will stay at home.
两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。
③“another＋单数名词”意为“另一个；再一个”；another＋数词＋名词＝数词＋more＋名词。如：
I don't like this one，please show me another.
我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。
We need another two helpers.＝We need two more helpers.
我们还需要两位帮手。
2．复合不定代词的用法。
(1)在反义疑问句中，当陈述部分的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody，nobody，anyone等时，疑问部分的主语通常用代词they；当陈述部分的主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everything，anything，something，nothing等时，疑问部分的主语通常用代词it。
(2)当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something，everything，everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在这些词的后面。
(3)everyone的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one既可指人也可指物，还可以和of连用。
三、指示代词
指示代词包括this，that，these和those。
1．this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指在时间或空间上较远的事物或人。
2．有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如：
I had a cold.That's why I didn't come.
我感冒了。那就是我没有来的原因。
3．有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。如：
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
在北京制造的电视机和上海制造的一样好。
4．this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。如：
Hello！This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking
你好！我是玛丽。你是杰克吗？
四、疑问代词与关系代词
1．疑问代词通常位于句首，引出特殊疑问句。
2．关系代词用来引导宾语从句或定语从句。what不能用在定语从句中充当关系代词，但that可用在定语从句中作关系代词。宾语从句中的关系代词与疑问代词一致。
3．无论是疑问代词还是关系代词，which和what所指范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定范围内。如：
Which books do you like best
你最喜欢哪几本书？
What books do you like best
你最喜欢什么样的书？
4．whom是who的宾格，在口语中作宾语时，也可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom。如：
Who(m)did you meet on the street
你在街上遇到谁了？
For whom are you waiting
你在等谁？
一、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1．Last year Mr.Brown taught _____ (we)English.
2．These are ________(they)backpacks and those ones are _______(her)．
3．Please help _____________ (you)to some fish，boys.
4．The style of the dress is popular，but I don't like _____ (it)color.
5．Jenny，if you have __________(something)to do，what about helping your sister with her homework
6．The chairs in Blue Moon are more comfortable than ________ (that)in Modern Cinema.
us
their
hers
yourselves
its
nothing
those
语法过关小练习
7．—Alice，can you take out the rubbish now
—Why ______ (I)？Bob is playing computer games.
8．—Excuse me，I'm looking for my pen.
—Oh，sorry.I took _________(you)by mistake.
9．We are old enough and we can take good care of ____________ (we)．
10．Although Tom is only 4，he can dress __________(he)．
me
yours
ourselves
himself
二、根据句意补全句子
1．They are able to talk openly to each other whenever _________ of them is in trouble.
2．Please tell me _________ train you'll take.
3．___________ is watching TV.Lets turn it off.
4．Look！There are many trees on ________ sides of the road.
5．There's _____________ wrong with my computer.Can you help me
6．—Do you still keep the book
—No，I have lost ____．
7．Jenny has a nice bike，and her friend Gina wants to have _______，too.
either
which
Nobody
both
something
it
one
8．The population of Shanghai is larger than ________ of Beijing.
9．He is the man _______wants to tell you something important.
10．____________ may have a chance to be successful if he tries his best.
11．The three boys were brave._________ of them gave up climbing to the top of the mountain.
12．—Can you come on Monday or Tuesday
—I'm afraid __________ is OK.I'll be away those two days.
13．I can't decide which jacket to buy.________ of them look good on me.
14．The boy is old enough to dress __________．
15．—Would you like ________ coffee
—Yes，please.And could I have ________ more cakes.
that
who
Everyone
None
neither
Both
himself
some
some
16．Please remember _______： No pains，no gains.
17．Hello! _______ is Mike speaking.Who's _______？
18．Someone is knocking at the door.Please go and see who ____is.
19．_______ of us four went to see the film because we had enough money to buy tickets yesterday.
20．He is taller than ______other student in his class.
this
This
that
it
All
any
三、选词填空
1．The English novel is quite easy for you.There are ______ new words in it.
2．Hurry up！We have _______ time left.
3．I have _________ books.You can borrow one of them.
4．Today is __________ cold.You can put on your sweater.
few
little
a few
a little
5．Look！Some students are playing football，while _________ are playing basketball.
6．I don't know how to learn English well.Do you have _________ good ideas
7．—Do you want __________ sandwich
—Yes.I'm still hungry.
8．The old man has two sons.One is a worker，____________ is a teacher.
others
other
another
the other
四、用适当的不定代词填空
1．________ of the twins are in my class.They often help me in math.
2．We couldn't buy anything because ________of the shops opened at that time.
3．They didn't learn ____________ new in this lesson.
4．Why is _____easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well
5．—Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning
—__________ is OK.I'm free today and tomorrow.
6．—Is _____________________ here
—No.Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.
Both
none
anything
it
Either
everybody/everyone中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
语法基础知识------代词
知识讲解
中考对代词的考查以名词性物主代词、形容词性物主代词和人称代词为主，反身代词则通常涉及与动词的固定搭配。所以，同学们需要重点区分名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的用法，掌握各自在句中充当的不同成分和功能，分类记忆每个人称对应的主格、宾格及谓语特点，熟记反身代词与动词的常用搭配。
对不定代词的考查以普通不定代词辨析或复合不定代词辨析为主。复合不定代词以everything，nothing，anything，nobody和everyone的辨析为主，也会涉及形容词修饰复合不定代词的用法。普通不定代词中以both，all，neither，either，none，each和every的辨析为主。
对疑问代词的考查主要涉及疑问代词和疑问副词的辨析及特殊疑问句中疑问词的应用。对指示代词的考查主要包括it作形式宾语或形式主语的用法。
一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
1．人称代词
人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，有主格和宾格之分。通常主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语。
数 格人称 单数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I(我) me(我) we(我们) us(我们)
第二人称 you(你) you(你) you(你们) you(你们)
第三人称 he(他) him(他) they(他/她/它们) them (他/她/它们)
she(她) her(她)
it(它) it(它)
注：①人称代词作并列主语的排列顺序：单数形式：you and I；you，he and I。复数形式：we and you；we and they；we，you and they。但承担责任时总是第一人称在前。
②及物动词和介词之后的人称代词要用宾格，尤其要注意并列宾语。
2．物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数之分。
数 人称 词义类型 单数 复数
一 二 三 一 二 三
我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的
形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their
名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。如：
My books are on the desk.Where are yours
我的书在桌子上。你的书在哪里？
3．反身代词
反身代词是人称代词的强调形式，一般用在宾语和主语是同一个人的情况下，或用来强调某人亲自怎样。不定代词one也有反身代词oneself。
英语中用来表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我们自己”“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，有人称和数的变化。反身代词可以在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。
人称数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself herself itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
反身代词的常见搭配：
enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快
hurt oneself伤着自己
teach oneself ＝ learn...by oneself自学
(all)by oneself(完全)独立地
help oneself to请自便；随便吃……
look after oneself自理；照顾自己
leave one by oneself把……单独留下
lose oneself in陶醉于……；沉浸于……
二、不定代词
1．普通不定代词的用法。
(1)some和any的区别。
①some多用于肯定句，表示“一些；几个”，作形容词时，后可接不可数名词或可数名词复数形式。如：
Some birds are singing in the tree.
有些小鸟在树上唱歌。
Some salt was added to the noodles.
面条里面加了一些盐。
②any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些；任何”，用作形容词时，后接不可数名词或可数名词复数。在一些表建议或请求的句子中，说话人希望得到对方的肯定回答，仍然用some不用any。如：
Why not have some juice
为什么不喝点果汁？
If there are any new words in the passage，don't look them up in the dictionary immediately.
如果文章中有一些新单词，不要立刻去查词典。
There wasn't any milk left at home.
家里一点牛奶也没有了。
注意：与some，any结合构成的复合不定代词，如something，somebody，someone，anything，anybody，anyone在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，与some，any的用法基本一致。
(2)either和neither的区别
either意为“两者中的任何一个”，neither意为“两者都不”，都具有名词和形容词性质。作主语时，谓语动词用单数；作定语时，所修饰的名词也要用单数；还可以用作宾语。如：
Either of them sings very well.
他们两人唱歌都不错。(作主语)
I agree with neither of you.
你们两个人我都不同意。(作宾语)
There are shops on either side of the street＝(on both sides of the street)．街道两边都有商店。(作定语)
(3)it，one，that的区别。
①三者均可用作代词，指代前面提到的名词。一般来说，it指代同名同物；one与that则指代同名异物。如：
I have lost my umbrella；I'm looking for it.
I have lost my umbrella；I think I must buy one.
The population of China is much larger than that of Australia.
②one只能代替可数名词单数，代替可数名词复数时用ones；that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数，代替可数名词复数时用those。如：
I like this pen more than that one.
(one代替可数名词单数pen)
There were a few young boys and some older ones in the house.
(ones代替可数名词复数boys)
Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter.
(that代替不可数名词handwriting)
These pictures are more beautiful than those.(those代替可数名词复数pictures)
注意：it的其他用法：
a．作人称代词，如：
—What's this？ —这是什么？
—It's an orange. —是一个橘子。
b．可以用来指代季节、时间、距离和天气等。如：
It's cloudy today.今天是多云。
It's early summer now.现在是初夏。
c．用于强调句，结构为It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。如：
It was in the station that the police caught the thief.
警察是在车站抓住小偷的。
d．作形式主语或形式宾语。如：
It's not easy to take care of a dog.
照顾一只狗不容易。(作形式主语)
I find it difficult to translate the passage.
我发现翻译这篇文章很难。(作形式宾语)
e．用于指代性别不明的婴儿或指明、确认某人的身份。如：
—Who's knocking at the door？谁在敲门？
—It's me.是我。
(4)both和all区别。
①both表示“两者都”，反义词为neither，在句中作主语，宾语，定语和同位语。作主语，谓语用复数；作定语，后面跟复数名词。在句中的位置：be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前。常用搭配：both...and...表示“……和……都”。如：
Both of my parents are teachers.
我的父母都是老师。(作主语)
Both my parents are teachers.
我的父母都是老师。(作定语)
She got angry with both of them.
她对他们两个人都很生气。(作宾语)
They both agreed to come earlier.
他们都同意早点来。(作同位语)
②all意为“全部；所有”，反义词为none，修饰或代替可数名词时数量为三个或三个以上，也可以修饰或代替不可数名词。如：
They all sang very well.他们都唱得很好。
All the money belonged to him.所有的钱都属于他。
(5)each和every区别。
①each表示“(两者或两者以上的)每一个”，each＋单数名词/of短语，强调个体，谓语用单数；作主语同位语时，谓语用复数。如：
Each student(＝Each of the students)has a book.每个学生都有一本书。
The students each have a book.每个学生都有一本书。(each作the students的同位语)
②every＋单数名词，不能直接加of短语，表示“(三者或三者以上的)任何一个”，强调全体，常作定语；但是every one后面可以加of短语。如：
every of the magazines(×)
every one of the magazines(√)
③a.each(every)＋单数名词＋and＋单数名词，此时谓语动词用单数。如：
Each boy and girl has come.每个男生和女生都来了。
b．each(every)＋单数名词＋and＋each(every)＋单数名词，此时谓语动词用单数。如：
Each hour and each minute has its value.每一分每一秒都有它的价值。
(6)few，a few，little，a little的区别。
用法 表示肯定 表示否定
few，a few修饰或代替复数可数名词 a few虽然不多，但有几个 few几乎没有
little，a little修饰或代替不可数名词 a little虽然不多，但有一点 little几乎没有
注意：①little作形容词还可以指“小的；年幼的”。如：
a little house一所小房子
my little sister＝my younger sister我的妹妹
②little，a little也可以作副词，a little表示“有点；稍微”，相当于a bit；little表示“很少”。如：
I'm a little heavy.我有点胖。(修饰形容词heavy)
I slept very little last night.昨晚我几乎没怎么睡。(修饰动词sleep)
I feel a little better today.我今天感觉好点了。(修饰形容词比较级)
(7)other，others，the other，the others，another的区别。
①other意为“别的，其他的”，无特定范围；other＋名词复数＝others意为“其他的人或物”，无特定范围。常用搭配：some...，others...表示“一些……，另一些……”。如：
Do you have other questions
你还有其他什么问题吗？
Some are lying on the beach，while others are playing beach volleyball.
一些人躺在沙滩上，而另外一些人在打沙滩排球。
②the other意为“(两者中的)另一个”，常用搭配：one...，the other...表示“(两者在的)一个……，另一个……”。the other＋复数名词＝the others意为“其他的人或物(指剩余的全部)”。如：
On the other side of the street，there is a tall tree.
在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。
Two boys will go to the zoo，and the others will stay at home.
两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。
③“another＋单数名词”意为“另一个；再一个”；another＋数词＋名词＝数词＋more＋名词。如：
I don't like this one，please show me another.
我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。
We need another two helpers.＝We need two more helpers.
我们还需要两位帮手。
2．复合不定代词的用法。
(1)在反义疑问句中，当陈述部分的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody，nobody，anyone等时，疑问部分的主语通常用代词they；当陈述部分的主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everything，anything，something，nothing等时，疑问部分的主语通常用代词it。
(2)当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something，everything，everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在这些词的后面。
(3)everyone的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one既可指人也可指物，还可以和of连用。
三、指示代词
指示代词包括this，that，these和those。
1．this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指在时间或空间上较远的事物或人。
2．有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如：
I had a cold.That's why I didn't come.
我感冒了。那就是我没有来的原因。
3．有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。如：
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
在北京制造的电视机和上海制造的一样好。
4．this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。如：
Hello！This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking
你好！我是玛丽。你是杰克吗？
四、疑问代词与关系代词
1．疑问代词通常位于句首，引出特殊疑问句。
2．关系代词用来引导宾语从句或定语从句。what不能用在定语从句中充当关系代词，但that可用在定语从句中作关系代词。宾语从句中的关系代词与疑问代词一致。
3．无论是疑问代词还是关系代词，which和what所指范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定范围内。如：
Which books do you like best
你最喜欢哪几本书？
What books do you like best
你最喜欢什么样的书？
4．whom是who的宾格，在口语中作宾语时，也可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom。如：
Who(m)did you meet on the street
你在街上遇到谁了？
For whom are you waiting
你在等谁？
语法过关小练习
一、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1．Last year Mr.Brown taught ________(we)English.
2．These are ________(they)backpacks and those ones are ________(her)．
3．Please help ________(you)to some fish，boys.
4．The style of the dress is popular，but I don't like ________(it)color.
5．Jenny，if you have ________(something)to do，what about helping your sister with her homework
6．The chairs in Blue Moon are more comfortable than ________(that)in Modern Cinema.
7．—Alice，can you take out the rubbish now
—Why ________(I)？Bob is playing computer games.
8．—Excuse me，I'm looking for my pen.
—Oh，sorry.I took ________(you)by mistake.
9．We are old enough and we can take good care of ________(we)．
10．Although Tom is only 4，he can dress ________(he)．
二、根据句意补全句子
1．They are able to talk openly to each other whenever ________ of them is in trouble.
2．Please tell me _______ train you'll take.
3．_______ is watching TV.Lets turn it off.
4．Look！There are many trees on _______ sides of the road.
5．There's _________ wrong with my computer.Can you help me
6．—Do you still keep the book
—No，I have lost _______．
7．Jenny has a nice bike，and her friend Gina wants to have ______，too.
8．The population of Shanghai is larger than _______ of Beijing.
9．He is the man _______ wants to tell you something important.
10．________ may have a chance to be successful if he tries his best.
11．The three boys were brave._______ of them gave up climbing to the top of the mountain.
12．—Can you come on Monday or Tuesday
—I'm afraid ________ is OK.I'll be away those two days.
13．I can't decide which jacket to buy.________ of them look good on me.
14．The boy is old enough to dress ________．
15．—Would you like _______ coffee
—Yes，please.And could I have _______ more cakes.
16．Please remember _______： No pains，no gains.
17．Hello! _______ is Mike speaking.Who's _______？
18．Someone is knocking at the door.Please go and see who _______ is.
19．_______ of us four went to see the film because we had enough money to buy tickets yesterday.
20．He is taller than _______ other student in his class.
三、选词填空
1．The English novel is quite easy for you.There are ______ new words in it.
2．Hurry up！We have _______ time left.
3．I have ________ books.You can borrow one of them.
4．Today is _______ cold.You can put on your sweater.
5．Look！Some students are playing football，while _______ are playing basketball.
6．I don't know how to learn English well.Do you have _______ good ideas
7．—Do you want _______ sandwich
—Yes.I'm still hungry.
8．The old man has two sons.One is a worker，_______ is a teacher.
四、用适当的不定代词填空
1．______ of the twins are in my class.They often help me in math.
2．We couldn't buy anything because _____ of the shops opened at that time.
3．They didn't learn _____ new in this lesson.
4．Why is _____ easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well
5．—Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning
—______ is OK.I'm free today and tomorrow.
6．—Is ___________ here
—No.Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.
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