专题02 非谓语动词(动词不定式作定语和结果状语+分词作定语，状语和宾语补足语)(考点串讲)
非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是高考的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考考点主要有动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。
非谓语动词的形式及语法功能
种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语
不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √
进行式 to be doing ×
完成式 to have done to have been done
动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ ×
完成式 having done having been done
分词 现在分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词 一般式 done(vi.) 表完成 done(vt.)表被动 与完成 × × √ √ √ √
一. 不定式作定语和结果状语
1. 不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。
You ought to take this chance to achieve your dream.你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。
The issue to be discussed at the meeting is of great importance.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。
(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。
I had no pen to write with so he had to borrow one from his classmate.
我没有钢笔写字，不得不从同学那儿借了一支。
(3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。、
2. 不定式作结果状语
不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to(不料……)、enough to(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。
Tom hurried to the bus station only to find that the train had left.
汤姆匆忙到车站，结果却发现他的火车已经离开了。
He is clever enough to work out the difficult maths problem.他足够聪明，能解决这道数学难题。
I’m too tired to stay up any longer. 我太累了，不能再熬夜了。
二. 分词作定语
1. 分词(V-ing/ V-ed)作定语
(1)及物动词的分词形式作定语
作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。
The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动)
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行)
The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成)
(2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语
作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。
falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)
fallen leaves落叶(表完成)
(3) 动名词作定语
动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。
a reading room阅览室
a sleeping car卧铺车
2. 分词(V-ing/ V-ed) 作状语
分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。
(1)作时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。
Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
＝When the sentence was translated into English，it was found to have an entirely different word order.
当这个句子被译成英语时，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。
(2)作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。
①Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.＝Because he didn’t understand this problem，he asked the teacher about it.因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。
②Defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged.＝Because he was defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged.
由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。
(3)作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.＝If I’m given another hour，I can also work out the problem.
如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。
(4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。
More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。
(5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。
One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.＝One evening Harry phoned me，and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。
(6)作让步状语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。
Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.＝Though he was warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.虽然被警告有危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。
温馨提示 某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。
Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
3. 独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
独立成分 含义
generally speaking 一般来说
frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说
judging from/by... 根据……来判断
considering.../taking...into consideration/account 考虑到……
to tell you the truth 说实话
seeing... 考虑到……
given... 考虑到……
compared to/with... 与……相比
Generally speaking，the rule is very easy to understand.一般来说，这条规则很容易懂。
Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他是香港人。
4. 独立主格结构
(1)构成：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式
(2)特点：
①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；
②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系；
③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
Weather permitting(＝If weather permits)，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。
He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head(＝and his hands were crossed under his head). 他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。
作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补
(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式， 以see为例：
see＋宾语＋
I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
As I got closer，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。
Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home.
从非洲医疗服务两年回来后，李医生十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。
[温馨提示] “感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。
The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。
(2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况：
①make＋宾语＋
The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。
He tried to make himself understood.他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚。
②let＋宾语＋
Don’t let your child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。
Let the work be done immediately.立刻把工作做完。
③have＋宾语＋
He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。
My car broke down on my way to work and I will have it repaired tomorrow.我的车在上班的路上坏了，明天要找人修一下。
温馨提示 (1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。
He was made to work day and night，so he was very tired of the job.他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厌倦这项工作。
(2)have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。
I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。
④get＋宾语＋
She got her bike running very fast.她把自行车骑得飞快。
I’ll get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。
3. 动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况
(1)leave
(2)keep
(3)find
(4)catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事
The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。
The hall was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.人们发现礼堂彻底地被打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。
5. “with＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行
He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.
他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。
(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态
With his hair cut，he looked much younger.
理了发，他看起来年轻多了。
因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。
1. 分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词
首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，那就是非谓语动词。
2. 找逻辑主语，再判断与动词之间的关系
(1)非谓语动词作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰词；作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；作补语时，其逻辑主语是动词或介词的宾语。
(2)如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词；如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词。
但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。
3. 判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序
(1)to have done，having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；
(2)to be doing，doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生。
1.(2023 北京高考) She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world 1 (face) “too little water or too dirty water”.
答案：facing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。
2.(2023 全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
答案：borrowing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
3.(2023 全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message (intend) for everyone.
答案：intended
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
I.单句语法填空
1.He was the first person ________(arrive) at the airport yesterday afternoon.
【答案】to arrive
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他是昨天下午第一个到达机场的人。person前有序数词the first修饰，所以其后应用不定式作后置定语。person和arrive之间是主谓关系，所以应用不定式的主动形式。故填to arrive。
2. There was a signal for him ________(continue).
【答案】to continue
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：有个信号让他继续。a signal to do意为“做某事的信号”，此处用to do不定式作后置定语。动词continue意为“继续”。故填to continue。
3.I was the first teacher ________(praise) by our headmaster.
【答案】to be praised
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我是第一个受到校长表扬的老师。“the+序数词+被修饰词+to do”是固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。逻辑主语teacher和praise之间是动宾关系，所以应用不定式的被动形式。故填to be praised。
4.She was the first girl in our school ________(admit) to Tsinghua University.
【答案】to be admitted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她是我们学校第一个考上清华大学的女生。名词girl由序数词first修饰，其后应用不定式作后置定语，且admit与she构成被动关系，故用to be done形式。故填to be admitted。
5.She got back home happily, only ________(find) she had left her mobile phone in her office.
【答案】to find
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她高高兴兴地回到家，却发现自己把手机忘在办公室了。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词不定式，作状语，表示出乎意料的结果。故填to find。
6.We came home ________(find) our garden neat and tidy.
【答案】to find
【详解】考查to do不定式。句意：我们回到家，发现花园又干净又整洁。根据“our garden neat and tidy”可知，此处应用to do做结果状语。动词find意为“发现”。故填to find。
7.He hurried to the post office, only ________(find) it closed.
【答案】to find
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他匆匆地去邮局，却发现它已经关门了。根据对句意的分析可知，此处表示“出乎意料”的结果，结构为only to do，故填to find。
8.He hurried to the station, only ________( tell ) the train had left.
【答案】to be told
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他匆忙赶到车站，却被告知火车已经开走了。only to do表示意想不到的结果。逻辑主语he与tell之间为被动关系，所以用不定式的被动语态。结合句意，故填to be told。
9.She has a number of different jobs ________(range) from chef to swimming instructor.
【答案】ranging
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从厨师到游泳教练，她做过许多不同的工作。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词had，设空处应用非谓语动词形式，其逻辑主语为jobs，二者之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词形式。故填ranging。
10.During the days ________(come) we’ll make good preparations for the sports meeting.
【答案】coming
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在接下来的日子里，我们将为运动会做好准备。本句谓语为will make，此处为非谓语动词，且the days与come“来”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语，修饰名词the days。故填coming。
11.You should adapt to the ________(change) situation.
【答案】changing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你应该适应不断变化的形势。根据空格后的名词situation可知，应填非谓语动词作定语，动词change和situation之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。故填changing。
12.Make less noise. There’s a ________(sleep) child.
【答案】sleeping
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：减少噪音。有一个睡着的孩子。空处应填非谓语动词作定语，逻辑主语child和sleep是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填sleeping。
13.The children walked on the way home, ________(sing) loudly.
【答案】singing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们唱着歌走在回家的路上。分析句子可知，空处为伴随状语，逻辑主语children与sing构成逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词。故填singing。
14.People from all the corners came to the city center ________(make)it very crowded.
【答案】making
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们从四面八方来到市中心，使它非常拥挤。came是谓语，空格处应填非谓语动词作状语，表示自然而产生的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。
15.He glanced over at her, ________(note) that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.
【答案】noting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他瞥了她一眼，发现她虽然身材娇小，但看起来很有气质。分析句子结构可知note与逻辑主语He构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填noting。
16.I believe she lay awake at night ________(think) up mean things to do.
【答案】thinking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我相信她晚上睡不着觉，想着要做的坏事。believe后的宾语从句中谓语是lay，空格处用非谓语动词，she和think之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填thinking。
17.With the new term ________(come), Tom is getting more and more anxious.
【答案】coming
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着新学期的到来，汤姆越来越焦虑。介词with后接复合宾语，动词come和term是主动关系，用其现在分词作宾语补足语。故填coming。
18.With a local guide ________(lead) us all the way, we had a great time in the beautiful mountain.
【答案】leading
【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：在当地导游的一路带领下，我们在这座美丽的山上度过了一段美好的时光。空处是with复合结构，所给词的现在分词形式作guide的补足语，由于guide是lead的动作执行者，故用现在分词。故填leading。
19.I heard someone ________(shout) in the next door when I stepped into my office.
【答案】shouting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我走进办公室时，我听到有人在隔壁大喊大叫。由when I stepped into my office可知，句子表示“当我走进办公室时，我听到有人在隔壁大喊大叫”，“听到某人在做某事”是hear sb. doing，因此空格处填shouting作宾语补足语。故填shouting。
20.When I passed by his office,I heard my teacher ________(sing) a song.
【答案】singing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我经过他的办公室时，我听到我的老师在唱歌。由“When I passed by his office”可知，句子表示“当我经过他的办公室时，我听到我的老师在唱歌”，“听见某人在做某事(动作正在进行)”是hear sb. doing，因此空格处填现在分词singing作宾补。故填singing。
21.(23-24高一上·山东淄博·期末)Words ________(form) by combining other words are called compounds.
【答案】formed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由其他词组合而成的词叫做复合词。分析句子可知，空处作Words的后置定语，是非谓语动词，form“形成”和Words逻辑上是被动关系，应用form的过去分词形式。故填formed。
22.(23-24高一上·广东茂名·期末)People today tend to make choices of their diets ________(base) on what they believe.
【答案】based
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：今天的人们倾向于根据自己的信仰来选择饮食。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语作后置定语修饰名词diets，diets和base之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此需使用过去分词。故填based。
23.(23-24高一上·陕西宝鸡·期末)China will launch several projects ________(intend) for climate change.
【答案】intended
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国将启动几个旨在应对气候变化的项目。短语be intended for sth.意为“旨在做某事”，will launch是谓语，动词intend和名词projects之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词作后置定语，故填intended。
24.(23-24高一上·广东深圳·期末)All the difficulties ________(concern) with Pamina were solved by the prince.
【答案】concerned
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：所有与帕米娜有关的困难都由王子解决了。分析句子结构，本句的谓语是were solved，所以空处应用非谓语动词。All the difficulties和concern(与……有关)之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词，作后置定语。be concerned with意为“和……有关”。故填concerned。
25.(23-24高一下·黑龙江绥化·开学考试)I had my house ________(decorate) imaginatively and attractively.
【答案】decorated
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我把我的房子装饰得富有想象力和吸引力。此处是固定搭配：have sth. done意为“让某事被做”。故填decorated。
26.I found myself ________(surround) by a group of children.
【答案】surrounded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我发现自己被一群孩子包围了。根据句中谓语动词“found”可知，空处应为非谓语动词，作宾补；surround为动词，表示“包围、环绕”，与“myself”之间为被动关系，表示“发现自己被包围”，故应用过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
27.When he came back, he found his books ________(pack) up.
【答案】packed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他回来时，他发现他的书已经收拾好了。此处books与pack构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填packed。
28.(23-24高一上·广东茂名·期末)Michael put up a poster of this famous scientist beside the bed to keep himself ________(remind) of his own dreams.
【答案】reminded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：迈克尔在床边贴了一张这位著名科学家的海报，让自己想起自己的梦想。分析句子结构可知，空处需要非谓语动词作宾语补足语。该动词和宾语之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。故填reminded。
29.(23-24高一下·广东深圳·开学考试)All things ________(consider), it could be a while before we embrace a highly-developed health care system.
【答案】considered
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从全面考虑，我们还需要一段时间才能拥有高度发达的医疗保健系统。分析句子结构可知，此处用逗号与主句分开，与主句之间没有使用任何连接词，且有独立主语，为独立主格结构，且All things与consider之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故应用过去分词。故填considered。
30.They landed safely on the island in the Pacific. Everything went on better than ________(expect).
【答案】expected
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们安全地降落在太平洋的那个岛上。一切进展得比预期的要好。此处为非谓语，动词expect和主语之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作状语，此处省略了主语和be。故填expected。
31.(23-24高一上·陕西宝鸡·期末)________(impressive) with the courage of the young cancer patient, many people left messages in his micro-blog, encouraging him to fight with the disease.
【答案】Impressed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位年轻癌症患者的勇气给他留下了深刻印象，许多人在他的微博上留言，鼓励他与疾病作斗争。短语be impressed with表示“对……印象深刻”，动词impress和主语people之间是被动关系，此处为过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Impressed。
32.________(select) from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held.
【答案】Selected
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：从世界各地的藏品中挑选，这是要举办的他的作品的第一个大型展览。逻辑主语his work和非谓语动词select是被动关系，select用过去分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Selected。
II.完成句子
1.(23-24高一上·海南省直辖县级单位·期末)鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。
Chickens and even pigs were ________ ________ ________ ________, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
【答案too nervous to eat
【详解】考查形容词、动词和“too…to”的用法。“焦躁不安”用形容词nervous表达；“进食”用动词eat表达；结合句意可知，“焦躁不安，不愿进食”可用“too…to do(太……以至于不能……)”结构，表达为too nervous to eat。故答案为①too；②nervous；③to；④eat。
2. 我们应该足够勇敢来接受新的挑战，选择我们自己的道路。
We should be brave enough to ________ ________ new challenges and choose our own path.
【答案】take on
【详解】考查动词短语。表示“承担，接受(尤指艰巨工作或重大责任)”应用动词短语take on，动词原形和to构成不定式作结果状语。故空1填take；空2填on。
3. 这才只是刚刚开始，今后还有很多事情要做呢。
This is just the beginning, and ________________________.
【答案】there will be lots of things to do
【详解】考查there be句型和不定式。对比中英文可知，设空处为今后还有很多事情要做呢，根据句意和语境可知，应用there be句型的一般将来时，很多事情译为“lots of things”，“要做”修饰things，表将来的动作，应用不定式作定语，译为“to do”。故填there will be lots of things to do。
4. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。
It immediately ________ ________ her that these were signs of an ________ tsunami.
【答案】occurred to; approaching
【详解】考查动词短语、时态和非谓语动词。“意识到……”是主句谓语，可用动词短语occur to(sb.)表示，其意为“(某人)突然想到……”，结合句意和从句中系动词were可知，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态occurred to；“来临”可用动词approach表示，作定语修饰名词tsunami，用现在分词approaching作定语，表示主动和正在发生的动作。故填occurred；to；approaching。
5. 在一个新国家定居的难民们面临许多问题。
Refugees ________________________ suffer from a number of problems.
【答案】settling in a new country
【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示 “在……定居”应用动词短语settle in，由空后的suffer from a number of problems知此处应填非谓语动词的形式，settle in与主语Refugees之间为主动关系，应用现在分词表示主动，作后置定语，表示“一个新的国家”应用 a new country，作宾语。故答案为settling in a new country。
6. 讲述互联网如何使我们的生活变得更加方便的文章数不胜数。
There are countless articles ________________________.
【答案】telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient
【详解】考查现在分词作后置定语和形容词。表示“讲述”应用动词tell，与articles之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语；表示“互联网”应用the Internet，作宾语从句的主语；表示“使；让”应用动词make，作宾语从句的谓语动词，由句意知此处应用现在完成时；表示“更方便的”应用形容词比较级 more convenient，作宾语补足语，故答案为telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient。
7. 那一刻，他们感到脚下的大地正在颤抖；他们听到远处有屋顶坍塌的巨响。
At that moment, they felt the earth ________ beneath their feet; beyond in the ________, they heard the crash of falling roofs.
【答案】shaking; distance
【详解】考查非谓语动词及名词。根据句意，空1应为动词shake，词义为“颤抖”，且照应固定搭配feel sb/sth doing sth“感觉到……正在做……”，应用shaking；空2应为固定搭配in the distance“在远处”。故填①shaking；②distance。
8. 也许新一代的科学家汲取中医的智慧，确实能发现更多有益于全世界医疗的药物。
Perhaps the next generation of scientists, ________ ________ the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines ________ to global health care.
【答案】drawing on; beneficial
【详解】考查动词短语和形容词。前两空表示“汲取”，使用动词短语draw on，句中有谓语“will discover”，故此处使用非谓语动词形式，draw on的逻辑主语是“the next generation of scientists”，两者之间是主谓关系，故使用现在分词作状语；最后一空表示“有益”，使用形容词beneficial作后置定语，修饰名词“medicine”。故填①drawing②on③beneficial。
9. 12月20日，由海底地震引发的巨浪接连席卷了金海岸附近海域，造成数千人死亡。
On 20 December, a series of huge waves ________ ________ an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead.
【答案】caused; by
【详解】考查非谓语。根据汉语提示可知，“造成”为cause，与a series of huge waves为被动关系，用过去分词。介词by引出施动者an undersea earthquake。故填caused by。
10. 把所有事情都考虑在内，你最好还是邀请他来参加你的生日聚会。(用with结构)
________________________, you’d better invite him to your birthday party.
【答案】With all things considered
【详解】考查with的复合结构。对比中英文可知，空处表示“把所有事情都考虑在内”，可用with的复合结构说明该背景情况，宾语“所有事情”可用名词短语all things，“考虑”可用动词consider，consider和all things逻辑上是被动关系，应用consider的过去分词形式作宾语补足语，因空处位于句首，with的首字母需大写。故填With all things considered。
11. 在观众的注视下，汤姆走上舞台，手心直冒汗。(过去分词作状语)
________________________, Tom stepped onto the stage, with his palms sweating.(读后续写—场景描写)
【答案】Watched by the audience
【详解】考查过去分词。根据句意，表示“注视”应为watch，表示“观众”应为the audience，根据提示和句意可知，此处为过去分词作状语，watch与句子主语Tom之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式，表示“关注”的发出者应为“the audience”，其前需使用介词by，所以“在观众的注视下”应为watched by the audience，且位于句首，watched的首字母需大写。故填Watched by the audience。
III. 句型转换
1. The experts who will be invited to the meeting are professors from both home and abroad.(用非谓语形式改写划线部分)
【答案】The experts to be invited to the meeting are professors from both home and abroad.
【详解】考查不定式和被动语态。句意：应邀参加会议的专家是来自国内外的教授。who will be invited to the meeting是who引导的限制性定语从句，作experts的后置定语，由will be invited可知，是将来被邀请，因此用不定式的被动语态to be invited作experts的后置定语，因此句子改写为The experts to be invited to the meeting are professors from both home and abroad，故答案为The experts to be invited to the meeting are professors from both home and abroad.
2. She took the dress out of the closet and tried it on, but found it didn’t fit.(用不定式改写句子)
【答案】She took the dress off out of the closet and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit.
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她从壁橱里拿出那条裙子试了试，但发现不合身。only+不定式，表示意料之外的结果，所以此处用不定式作结果状语，find和she之间是逻辑主动关系，用不定式的一般式即可。故句子改写为She took the dress off out of the closet and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit.。
3. The girl who is singing an English song on the stage is Tom’s sister.
→________________________(动词-ing形式作定语)
【答案】The girl singing an English song on the stage is Tom’s sister.
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在舞台上唱英文歌的那个女孩是汤姆的妹妹。is是谓语，定语从句who is singing an English song on the stage可以转换为非谓语动词作定语，动词sing和主语The girl为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词短语singing an English song on the stage作后置定语。故答案为：The girl singing an English song on the stage is Tom’s sister.
4. A man who lives in the village rarely sees subways.(用动词-ing形式改写)
【答案】A man living in the village rarely sees subways.
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：住在村子里的人很少看到地铁。分析原句可知，本句是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a man，可以转换为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰a man，a man和live为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式，即将who lives改为living。故填A man living in the village rarely sees subways.
5. She is the first blind student that will study in this university.(用不定式改写句子)
【答案】She is the first blind student to study in this university.
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她是将在这所大学学习的第一个盲人学生。根据句意以及句子结构可知，“第一个……人”可以使用不定式结构充当后置定语the first person to do，“第一个盲人学生”可以是the first blind student to study in this university，故答案是She is the first blind student to study in this university。
6. On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly observed that the sun was rising from the sea.(句型转换)
→On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly ________________________ from the sea.
【答案】observed the sun rising
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：在泰山顶上，人们兴奋地看着太阳从海面升起。根据“observed that the sun was rising from the sea”可知，此处应用一般过去时。that从句的部分可以用observe...doing意为“看到……正在做某事”改写，此处用现在分词表示正在进行的动作，作宾语补足语。动词rise意为“升起”。故填observed the sun rising。
7. After we had sent satellites into space, we began to wonder whether it was safe for a human to go into space.
→________________________(having done结构)
【答案】Having sent satellites into space, we began to wonder whether it was safe for a human to go into space.
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：把人造卫星送入太空后，我们开始怀疑人类进入太空是否安全。原句中意为“在……之后”的After引导时间状语从句，“发射人造卫星”的行为发生后，主句中“开始怀疑”的行为才发生，且主从句的主语一致，因此可用现在分词完成式having done作时间状语，因空处位于句首，having的首字母需大写。故填：Having sent satellites into space, we began to wonder whether it was safe for a human to go into space.
8. We made a plan for the trip. It is very important and we should put it into practice.(用过去分词改写句子)
→We should put the important plan ________ ________ ________ ________ into practice.
【答案】made for the trip
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：我们制定了旅行计划。这很重要，我们应该付诸实践。对比两句话可知，空格处意为“为旅行制定的”，“制定”是make，“为旅行”是for the trip，plan和make之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词made表被动，因此空格处是made for the trip。故填made，for，the，trip。
9. At dusk, the tourists found that they had been lost in the woods.
→ (find oneself done)
【答案】At dusk，the tourists found themselves lost in the woods.
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：黄昏时，游客们发现自己在树林里迷了路。find oneself done表示“发现自己(处于某状态)”，they提示，用反身代词themselves，迷路lost表示状态，作宾补，故答案为At dusk, the tourists found themselves lost in the woods.
10. As it is known as the longest wall in the world, the Great Wall attracts millions of tourists every year.(改成过去分词短语作状语)
【答案】Known as the longest wall in the world, the Great Wall attracts millions of tourists every year.
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：长城被誉为世界上最长的长城，每年吸引数以百万计的游客。题干中的原因状语从句可替换为分词作状语；be known as“被认为是”，此处省略be，用过去分词形式作状语，故答案为Known as the longest wall in the world, the Great Wall attracts millions of tourists every year.专题02 非谓语动词(动词不定式作定语和结果状语+分词作定语，状语和宾语补足语)(考点串讲)
非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是高考的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考考点主要有动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。
非谓语动词的形式及语法功能
种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语
不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √
进行式 to be doing ×
完成式 to have done to have been done
动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ ×
完成式 having done having been done
分词 现在分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词 一般式 done(vi.) 表完成 done(vt.)表被动 与完成 × × √ √ √ √
一. 不定式作定语和结果状语
1. 不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。
You ought to take this chance to achieve your dream.你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。
The issue to be discussed at the meeting is of great importance.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。
(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。
I had no pen to write with so he had to borrow one from his classmate.
我没有钢笔写字，不得不从同学那儿借了一支。
(3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。、
2. 不定式作结果状语
不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to(不料……)、enough to(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。
Tom hurried to the bus station only to find that the train had left.
汤姆匆忙到车站，结果却发现他的火车已经离开了。
He is clever enough to work out the difficult maths problem.他足够聪明，能解决这道数学难题。
I’m too tired to stay up any longer. 我太累了，不能再熬夜了。
二. 分词作定语
1. 分词(V-ing/ V-ed)作定语
(1)及物动词的分词形式作定语
作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。
The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动)
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行)
The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成)
(2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语
作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。
falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)
fallen leaves落叶(表完成)
(3) 动名词作定语
动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。
a reading room阅览室
a sleeping car卧铺车
2. 分词(V-ing/ V-ed) 作状语
分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。
(1)作时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。
Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
＝When the sentence was translated into English，it was found to have an entirely different word order.
当这个句子被译成英语时，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。
(2)作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。
①Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.＝Because he didn’t understand this problem，he asked the teacher about it.因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。
②Defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged.＝Because he was defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged.
由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。
(3)作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.＝If I’m given another hour，I can also work out the problem.
如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。
(4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。
More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。
(5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。
One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.＝One evening Harry phoned me，and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。
(6)作让步状语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。
Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.＝Though he was warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.虽然被警告有危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。
温馨提示 某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。
Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
3. 独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
独立成分 含义
generally speaking 一般来说
frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说
judging from/by... 根据……来判断
considering.../taking...into consideration/account 考虑到……
to tell you the truth 说实话
seeing... 考虑到……
given... 考虑到……
compared to/with... 与……相比
Generally speaking，the rule is very easy to understand.一般来说，这条规则很容易懂。
Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他是香港人。
4. 独立主格结构
(1)构成：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式
(2)特点：
①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；
②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系；
③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
Weather permitting(＝If weather permits)，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。
He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head(＝and his hands were crossed under his head). 他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。
作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补
(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式， 以see为例：
see＋宾语＋
I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
As I got closer，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。
Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home.
从非洲医疗服务两年回来后，李医生十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。
[温馨提示] “感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。
The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。
(2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况：
①make＋宾语＋
The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。
He tried to make himself understood.他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚。
②let＋宾语＋
Don’t let your child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。
Let the work be done immediately.立刻把工作做完。
③have＋宾语＋
He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。
My car broke down on my way to work and I will have it repaired tomorrow.我的车在上班的路上坏了，明天要找人修一下。
温馨提示 (1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。
He was made to work day and night，so he was very tired of the job.他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厌倦这项工作。
(2)have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。
I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。
④get＋宾语＋
She got her bike running very fast.她把自行车骑得飞快。
I’ll get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。
3. 动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况
(1)leave
(2)keep
(3)find
(4)catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事
The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。
The hall was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.人们发现礼堂彻底地被打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。
5. “with＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行
He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.
他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。
(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态
With his hair cut，he looked much younger.
理了发，他看起来年轻多了。
因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。
1. 分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词
首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，那就是非谓语动词。
2. 找逻辑主语，再判断与动词之间的关系
(1)非谓语动词作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰词；作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；作补语时，其逻辑主语是动词或介词的宾语。
(2)如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词；如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词。
但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。
3. 判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序
(1)to have done，having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；
(2)to be doing，doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生。
1.(2023 北京高考) She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world 1 (face) “too little water or too dirty water”.
答案：facing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。
2.(2023 全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
答案：borrowing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
3.(2023 全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message (intend) for everyone.
答案：intended
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
I.单句语法填空
1.He was the first person ________(arrive) at the airport yesterday afternoon.
2.There was a signal for him ________(continue).
3.I was the first teacher ________(praise) by our headmaster.
4.She was the first girl in our school ________(admit) to Tsinghua University.
5.She got back home happily, only ________(find) she had left her mobile phone in her office.
6.We came home ________(find) our garden neat and tidy.
7.He hurried to the post office, only ________(find) it closed.
8.He hurried to the station, only ________( tell ) the train had left.
9.She has a number of different jobs ________(range) from chef to swimming instructor.
10. During the days ________(come) we’ll make good preparations for the sports meeting.
11. You should adapt to the ________(change) situation.
12.Make less noise. There’s a ________(sleep) child.
13.The children walked on the way home, ________(sing) loudly.
14.People from all the corners came to the city center ________(make)it very crowded.
15.He glanced over at her, ________(note) that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.
16.I believe she lay awake at night ________(think) up mean things to do.
17.(23-24高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·开学考试)With the new term ________(come), Tom is getting more and more anxious.
18.(23-24高一下·吉林长春·开学考试)With a local guide ________(lead) us all the way, we had a great time in the beautiful mountain.
19. I heard someone ________(shout) in the next door when I stepped into my office.
20.When I passed by his office,I heard my teacher ________(sing) a song.
21.(23-24高一上·山东淄博·期末)Words ________(form) by combining other words are called compounds.
22.(23-24高一上·广东茂名·期末)People today tend to make choices of their diets ________(base) on what they believe.
23.(23-24高一上·陕西宝鸡·期末)China will launch several projects ________(intend) for climate change.
24.(23-24高一上·广东深圳·期末)All the difficulties ________(concern) with Pamina were solved by the prince.
25.(23-24高一下·黑龙江绥化·开学考试)I had my house ________(decorate) imaginatively and attractively.
26.I found myself ________(surround) by a group of children.
27.When he came back, he found his books ________(pack) up.
28.(23-24高一上·广东茂名·期末)Michael put up a poster of this famous scientist beside the bed to keep himself ________(remind) of his own dreams.
29.(23-24高一下·广东深圳·开学考试)All things ________(consider), it could be a while before we embrace a highly-developed health care system.
30.They landed safely on the island in the Pacific. Everything went on better than ________(expect).
31.(23-24高一上·陕西宝鸡·期末)________(impressive) with the courage of the young cancer patient, many people left messages in his micro-blog, encouraging him to fight with the disease.
32.________(select) from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held.
II.完成句子
1.(23-24高一上·海南省直辖县级单位·期末)鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。
Chickens and even pigs were ________ ________ ________ ________, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
2. 我们应该足够勇敢来接受新的挑战，选择我们自己的道路。
We should be brave enough to ________ ________ new challenges and choose our own path.
3. 这才只是刚刚开始，今后还有很多事情要做呢。
This is just the beginning, and ________________________.
4. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。
It immediately ________ ________ her that these were signs of an ________ tsunami.
5. 在一个新国家定居的难民们面临许多问题。
Refugees ________________________ suffer from a number of problems.
6. 讲述互联网如何使我们的生活变得更加方便的文章数不胜数。
There are countless articles ________________________.
7. 那一刻，他们感到脚下的大地正在颤抖；他们听到远处有屋顶坍塌的巨响。
At that moment, they felt the earth ________ beneath their feet; beyond in the ________, they heard the crash of falling roofs.
8. 也许新一代的科学家汲取中医的智慧，确实能发现更多有益于全世界医疗的药物。
Perhaps the next generation of scientists, ________ ________ the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines ________ to global health care.
9. 12月20日，由海底地震引发的巨浪接连席卷了金海岸附近海域，造成数千人死亡。
On 20 December, a series of huge waves ________ ________ an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead.
10. 把所有事情都考虑在内，你最好还是邀请他来参加你的生日聚会。(用with结构)
________________________, you’d better invite him to your birthday party.
11. 在观众的注视下，汤姆走上舞台，手心直冒汗。(过去分词作状语)
________________________, Tom stepped onto the stage, with his palms sweating.(读后续写—场景描写)
III. 句型转换
1. The experts who will be invited to the meeting are professors from both home and abroad.(用非谓语形式改写划线部分)
2. She took the dress out of the closet and tried it on, but found it didn’t fit.(用不定式改写句子)
3. The girl who is singing an English song on the stage is Tom’s sister.
→________________________(动词-ing形式作定语)
4. A man who lives in the village rarely sees subways.(用动词-ing形式改写)
5. She is the first blind student that will study in this university.(用不定式改写句子)
6. On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly observed that the sun was rising from the sea.(句型转换)
→On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly ________________________ from the sea.
7. After we had sent satellites into space, we began to wonder whether it was safe for a human to go into space.
→________________________(having done结构)
8. We made a plan for the trip. It is very important and we should put it into practice.(用过去分词改写句子)
→We should put the important plan ________ ________ ________ ________ into practice.
9. At dusk, the tourists found that they had been lost in the woods.
→ (find oneself done)
10. As it is known as the longest wall in the world, the Great Wall attracts millions of tourists every year.(改成过去分词短语作状语)
