2024年中考英语三轮复习学案一般现在时和一般过去时用法和考点点睛

2024年中考英语三轮复习学案
一般现在时和一般过去时用法和考点点睛
一般现在时用法举例
My father is a doctor.
翻译：我父亲是个医生。
一般现在时：事物的一般性状态。
Mary's mother is an English teacher.
His house is very big.
Jack is my son.
I get up at 7:30 every morning.
翻译：我每天早上7：30起床。
一般现在时：经常，反复发生的动作。
He always works at night.
We usually have breakfast at home.
I visit my grandparents twice a month.
频率时间状语
always，usually，everyday，often，
sometimes，或者twice a week
The earth goes around the sun.
翻译：地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时：描述客观世界的现象，或真理。
Light travels much faster than sound.
光比声音走的快。
The sun rises early and sets late in summer.
太阳在夏季升得早、落得晚。
Moon goes around the earth.
月亮绕着地球转。
最常考主语的第三人称单数形式，简称三单。
主语是第一或第二人称
I like eating oranges.
We play basketball well.
He is a good father.
主语变成第三人称时，他的谓语动词要就加s或者es了
(某些特殊动词的变化，需要特殊记忆)。
第三人称(三单)，就是除了我，你(我们，你们)，之外的任何形式的单数主语。
一般现在时考点点睛
第一：人称代词he, she, it
He likes watching TV.
She has lunch at 1 o'clock.
It looks like a cat.
第二：单个人名、地名或称呼作主语
George looks like his mother.
Hong Kong acts as a key part of China.
Uncle Wang often makes a phone call to his son in the afternoon.
第三：不定代词和指示代词做主语。
someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something
或this，that
Everyone is here.
大家到齐了。
This is a ruler.
这是一把尺子.
Someone likes to eat the chicken.
有些人喜欢吃鸡肉.
第四：单数可数名词做主语
或者"this / that / the加上单数可数名词"作主语
This bag belongs to you.
这个书包是属于你的
That wall is red.
那堵墙是红色的。
The dog is Tom's.
这只狗是汤姆的。
第五点：不可数名词作主语。
The juice is in the glass.
果汁在玻璃杯里。
The turkey looks delicious.
火鸡看上去很美味。
第六：数字或字母做主语
"8" is a lucky number.
"8"是个吉利数字。
"M" is a letter.
"M"是一个字母。
第七：分词短语做主语
Having dinner often takes me half an hour.
我吃晚餐通常花半小时。
Playing football is my favorite.
打篮球是我的最爱。
主语变成第三人称时，特殊动词的变化
一般过去时用法举例
I finished my homework at school this afternoon.
翻译：今天下午，我在学校完成了家庭作业。
一般过去时：在过去的某一时间内，发生的动作，或存在的状态。
主语+动词过去式（do-did，v+ed，be-was/were，特殊变化要特殊记）
I got up at seven this morning.
He had breakfast just now.
They were glad to see each other last week.
表示过去的时间状语——标志词
yesterday，just now，a moment ago，last year，the day before yesterday，in the past, once upon a time
We watched a movie last week.
翻译：我们上周看了一部电影。
We watched a movie last week.
助动词，did提前
句子里原来的动词watched要变为原型
Did we watch a movie last week？
我们上周看了一部电影吗？
I finished my homework at school this afternoon.
Did you finish your homework at school this afternoon？
We didn't play football yesterday.
Did we play football yesterday？
He didn't finish working last week.
Did he finish working last week？
George didn't pass the exam the day before yesterday.
Did George pass the exam the day before yesterday？
Jimmy went boating last Sunday.
翻译：吉米上星期天去划船了。。
Jimmy went boating last Sunday.
Who went boating last Sunday？
Jimmy went boating last Sunday.
What did Jimmy do last Sunday？
Jimmy went boating last Sunday.
When did Jimmy go boating？
went作为动词，要恢复成原型，go。
He went to the cinema once a month.
When did he go to the cinema？
They played football in the playground yesterday.
Where did they play football yesterday？
一般过去时考点点睛
1. A—A—A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）
动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 割，切
hit hit hit 打
let let let 让
put put put 放下
read read read 读
hurt hurt hurt 伤
2. A—A—B型（现在式和过去式同形）

动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
beat beat beaten 打

3. A—B—A型（现在式和过去分词同形）

动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
come came come 来
become became become 变
run ran run 跑

4. A—B—B型（过去式和过去分词同形）
（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。

动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习
mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 听见
（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。

动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借给
lose lost lost 失去
send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花费
（3）其他

动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 说
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
think thought thought 想
sleep slept slept 睡
keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 扫
stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白
win won won 得胜
shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光
catch caught caught 抓住
teach taught taught 教
feel felt felt 觉得
fight fought fought 战斗
find found found 发现
get got got 得到
hang hanged hanged 绞死
hung hung 挂
have had had 有
hold held held 盛，握
leave left left 离开
make made made 制造
meet met met 遇见
sell sold sold 卖
shoot shot shot 射击
tell told told 告诉
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻
sit sat sat 坐
dig dug dug 挖
5. A—B—C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）
6. （1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
steal stole stolen 偷
give gave given 给
freeze froze frozen 冻结
take took taken 拿
see saw seen 看见
write wrote written 写
ride rode ridden 骑
drive drove driven 驾驶
throw threw thrown 抛，扔
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
fly flew flown 飞
draw drew drawn 拉，绘画
show showed shown 展示

（2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。

动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
speak spoke spoken 说话
break broke broken 破碎，折断
wake waked woke waked waken 醒
choose chose chosen 选择
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。

动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
begin began begun 开始
ring rang rung 按铃
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 饮

（4）其他不规则动词的变化。

动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
be(am, is) was been 是
be(are) were
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿