2024年中考英语三轮复习学案非谓语动词中考高频考点总结

2024年中考英语三轮复习学案
非谓语动词中考高频考点总结
非谓语动词在英语中非常常见,它和谓语动词的时态语态一样重要。没有谓语动词不成句子,没有非谓语动词英语世界黯然失色。
非谓语动词,顾名思义,是相对于谓语动词而言的。谓语动词和非谓语动词都是动词,只不过是动词的不同形式而已。那么动词的哪些形式是谓语动词,哪些形式又是非谓语动词呢？
在初中阶段,同学们常听老师说“主谓宾”,所以对于谓语动词最大的印象就是跟在主语后面的动词,那么我们一起来回忆一下,你所见的主语后一般接的都有动词什么形式呢 不难想出,主语后接的有“动词的各种时态和语态形式”,还有"情态动词+动词原形"。
所以在初中阶段我们可以把谓语动词定义为：一般放在主语后边,且包括“动词的各种时态语态”和“情态动词+动词原形”两种形式。知道了谓语动词,那么动词的其它形式便是非谓语动词了,包含哪些形式呢？让我们先来尝试找一找下列句子的谓语动词和非谓语动词吧！
1.I want to watch TV.
2.She enjoys reading.
3.Playing games isn't as educational as reading.
4.He raised money to help the people in need.
5.There is a little girl standing under the tree crying to ask for help.
6.He gave me a pen made in Germany to celebrate my birthday.
认真观察上述6句话,可知:有下划线的动词形式是非谓语动词。且一句话有且仅有一个谓语动词,但是非谓语动词结合需要可以有无数个。而且非谓语动词的形式有三种:to do/doing/done(doing形式分为两种类型:动名词和现在分词,由于这里主要讲解解题,弱化非谓语动词的成分教学,所以这里不作二者详细辨析,对语法感兴趣的同学,可以进一步学习了解二者区别)。
因此,中考单项选择题中对于非谓语的考察主要是要求同学们能够选择正确的to do/doing/done形式。除此之外,在语法填词和完成句子也会有考察。初中生需要对所学习的接to do/ doing/done的搭配记忆牢固,也要掌握在没有固定短语的情况下,什么时候选择to do/doing/done形式。
01
to do形式
1.to do是动词的不定式形式,有时这里的to可以省略掉,有时必须省略掉.初中阶段所学接to do的动词搭配特别多,也是中考语法填词题型考察非谓语动词最常考察的形式。
2.这里对其后只接to do的短语搭配和句型不做总结,只总结省略to的情况。同学们只需要记住只接doing和done的搭配和既能接to do也能接doing搭配,剩下的就是只接to do形式的搭配。
(1).使役动词后必须省略to
让某人做某事:
let sb. do sth.
make sb. do sth.
have sb. do sth.
(2).see/watch/hear/notice等后的不定式形式必须省略to
see/watch/hear/notice sb. do sth.
看见/听见/注意到某人做过/经常做某事
e.g. I often see him go to the library.
(3).help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
(4).why not do sth 为什么不作某事呢
(5).had better do sth.最好做某事
3.to do的否定形式：not to do.
e.g.His parents told him to study hard.
e.g. His parents told him not to swim in the river.
4.to do 用来表示目的,表示将来的动作。
1).
They have to sleep in their tents (keep) warm.
2).
Mother’s Day is on the second Sunday of May. It’s a day (thank) mothers.
02
doing动名词形式
1.其后只能接doing形式的总结：
喜欢花费,忙于想象快乐,忍不住想要结束困难练习。不喜不忍,避免建议,保持介意,值得考虑。
(1).喜欢花费
enjoy doing sth.
sb. spend time/money doing sth.
(2).忙于想象快乐
be busy doing sth.
imagine sb. doing sth.
have fun doing sth./have a good time doing sth.
(3).忍不住想要结束困难练习
can't help/stop doing sth.
feel like doing sth.
finish doing sth.
have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing sth.
practice doing sth.
(4).不喜不忍
dislike doing sth.
can't stand doing sth.
(5).避免建议
avoid doing sth.
suggest sb. doing sth.
(6).保持介意
keep doing sth.
mind doing sth.
(7).值得考虑
be worth doing sth.
consider doing sth.
2.介词后+doing
look forward to doing sth.期待做某事
pay attention to doing sth.集中注意力做某事
What/How about doing sth 做某事怎么样
.........
3.doing的否定形式：not doing sth.
e.g.You'd better consider finishing your homework first.
e.g. You's better consider not going there alone.
03
既能接to do也能接doing辨析
(1).努力/尝试
try to do sth. 努力做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
(2).停止
stop to do sth.停下来去做某事
stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情
(3).开始
start/begin to do/doing sth.开始做某事
(4).喜欢/更喜欢/讨厌
like to do/doing sth.喜欢做某事
prefer to do A. rather than do B.与做B相比更喜欢做A
prefer doing A. to doing B.与做B相比更喜欢做A
hate to do/ doing sth.讨厌做某事
(5).意味着
mean to do sth.打算做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
(6).继续习惯
1).continue to do/doing sth.
2).used to do sth.过去常常做某事
be used to doing sth.习惯做某事
be used to do sth.=be used for doing sth.被用来做某事
(7).忘记/记得/后悔
忘记/记得/后悔要去做某事
forget/remember/regret to do sth.
忘记/记得/后悔做过某事
forget/remember/regret doing sth.
04
分词形式
1.分词形式分为两种:现在分词(和动名词形式一样,由于这里主要讲解解题,弱化非谓语动词的成分教学,所以这里不作二者详细辨析)和过去分词。
2.现在分词和过去分词区别
(1).在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
如the falling leaves(正在飘落的树叶)和the fallen leaves(落到地上的落叶);the developing countries(发展中国家)和the developed countries(发达国家)。
(2).在语态上,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。
1).
Not (care) about the money, some parents send their children to the best schools or even abroad to England, the US or the other foreign countries.
2).There is some people (perform) Taiji.
3).He gave me a pen (make) in Germany.
答案:1). caring 2).performing 3).made
3.含有现在分词的几个常见句式及其辨析
(1).see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事
see sb. do sth.看见某人做过/经常做某事
(2).watch sb. doing sth./watch sb. do sth.区别同上
(3).hear sb. doing sth./hear sb. do sth.区别同上
(4).notice sb. doing sth./notice sb. do sth.区别同上
(5).find sb. doing sth./find sb. do sth.区别同上
(6).catch sb. doing sth.抓住某人正在做某事
(&).keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事
(8).There be+名词/代词+doing sth.有...在做某事
4.含有done常考固定搭配
have/get sth. done让某事被做
e.g. Go and get your car washed.
e.g. I had my hair cut yesterday.