2024年牛津深圳版中考英语复习语法专题 -- 代词 讲义（无答案）

中考语法复习： 代词
定义：用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可分为：人称代词、指示代词、疑问代词、反身代词、相互代词和不定代词等。
一、人称代词和物主代词
1. 表示“你…‘我…‘他／她／它”“你们”“我们”“他／她／它们”的词叫人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。人称代词有主格和宾格之分。
主格 宾格
单数 复数 单数 复数
第一人称 I we me us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 he/she/it they him/her/it them
2. 物主代词就是表示所属关系的代词。
物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两大类。
形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词
单数 复数 单数 复数
第一人称 my our nine ours
第二人称 your your yours yours
第三人称 his their his theirs
her hers
its its
例题1
Mrs Smith often goes to visit those AIDS patients in hospitals to cheer ____ up.
A. her B. them C. him D. us
例题2 If ________is a high-Stress job, it is important that you learn how to relax after a busy day.
A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself
注意：
1. 几个人称代词并列充当主语时, 它们的顺序是：
单数：“二、三、一”you, he/she and I
复数：“一、二、三”we, you and they
2. 形容词性物主代词只能放在名词前作定语。如：
my pen pal我的笔友 her name她的名字
3. 名词性物主代词常用来避免前面已经提及的名词, 相当于“形容词性物主代词十名词”。如：
This book is mine. Yours is on your desk. 这本书是我的。你的在你桌子上。
3. 代词“it”的特殊用法
(1)表示天气、时间和距离等。It was wet all day yesterday.昨天一整天都是小雨不断。（指天气）
What time is it It's nine o'clock.几点了 九点了。（指时间）
It's about two hours' walk.涉行大约两个小时。（指距离）
(2) it用于打电话时, 指人。“Hello, it is Susan. ”“喂, 我是苏姗。”
(3)用it代替婴儿或小孩或身份不明的人。
Look at the baby, it has just fallen asleep.看那个孩子, 她刚睡着。
(4) it作形式主语或形式宾语。
It is polite to say hello to others when you meet them.当你遇到别人时, 打声招呼是礼貌行为。（形式主语）
She found it easy to finish all the exercises.她觉得做完所有的练习很容易。（形式宾语）
(5) it用于强调句型。例如：It is her father who is a policeman.原来她的父亲是一名警察。
It was a watch that I received on my birthday. 我生日那天收到的是一块手表。
例题1一Who's that at the door, Tony
---____________ is the postman, I think.
A. He B. It C. This D. That
例题2 He thought ___interesting to read comic books.
A. it's B. that C. this D. it
二、反身代词和指示代词
1. 反身代词表示“我（们）自己”、“你（们）自己”、“他／她／它（们）自己”的代词。
反身代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
熟记反身代词构成的固定短语。
leave one by oneself把某人单独留下
help oneself随便吃
lose oneself in陶醉于
say to oneself自言自语
teach oneself/learn.,.by oneself自学
enjoy oneself过得愉快／玩得开心
come to oneself苏醒
2. 指示代词：英语表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词, 叫作指示代词。常用的指示代词有this, these, that, those等。
注意：this和these表示时间和空间较近的人或物; that和those表示时间和空间较远的人或物。
打电话时用this介绍自己, 用that介绍对方。
例题1 The song I believe I can fly tells us that believing in____________ is very important.
A. themselves B. itself C. ourselves D. myself
例题2 --- Do you think the cars made in Japan better than _______ in Germany
---- Not exactly.
A. that B. those C. one D. ones
例题3 Who taught _______ skating
---- Nobody, I learnt it by ____________.
A. your; myself B. you; me C. you; myself
三、不定代词
不定代词：指那些比较笼统地表示人或事物的代词。
肯定性不定代词有：both, all, many, every, each, other, another, a few, a little, either,
someone, something, anyone, anything, everybody, everything筹。
否定性不定代词有：no, neither, none, nobody, nothing。
常用不定代词辨析
1.a few/few与a little/little
词汇 用法 例句
few 意为“几乎没有”, 表示否定意义。修饰可数名词的复数。 I'm new here. I have few friends here. 我是新来的, 这儿几乎没有朋友。
a few 意为“有一些, 有一点”, 表示肯定意义。修饰可数名词的复数。 We have a few minutes to do it我们还有几分钟来做那件事情。
little 意为“几乎没有”, 表示否定意义。修饰不可数名词。 We have little time, please hurry up. 我们几乎没有时间了, 请快点。
a little 意为“有一些, 有一点”, 表示肯定意义。修饰不可数名词。 There is a little water in the glass. 杯子里有一点水。
2. both, neither, either, all, none与 any
词汇 用法 常用短语 例句
both （两者）都 both…and………和……（两者）都 Both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
neither （两者）都不 neither.. . nor.. . 既不……也不…… Neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。
either （两者中的）任一个 either.. . or…或者……或者……／要么……要么…… There are flowers on either side of the street. 街道旁边有花。
all （三者以上）所有的, 全部的人或物 all of…（三者以上）都 All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。
none （三者以上）都不 none of （三者以上）都不 I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
any （三者以上）任何一个 any other+名词单数：其他任何一个 Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. 上海比中国任何一个其他的城市都要大。
3. other, the other, others, the others与 another
词汇 用法 例句
other 意为“别的; 其他的”, 后接名词。 Do you have any other questions 你还有其他的问题吗
the other 指（两者中的）另一个（人或物）, 常用词组one… the other.. . 意为“一个……另一个……”。 She has two sons One is in Beijing, the other is in Shanghai. 她有两个儿子。一个在北京, 另一个在上海。
others 泛指“其他的人或物”, 相当于other+名词复数。 He always helps others(=other people). 他总是帮助别人。
常用词组some…others…意为“一些……, 另一些……”。 There are lots of people in the park Some are dancing, and others are boating. 公园里有许多人, 有些人在跳舞, 有些人在划船。
the others 意为“剩余的人或事物”, 特指在一个整体中剩余的全部。 There are forty students in our class. Thirty of us come to school by bike, the others all walk to school.我们班有40个学生。其中有30人骑自行车上学, 其余的都步行上学。
another 意为“另一个”, 指三者或三者以上的另一个人或物。常用于another+可数名词单数或another+数词十可数名词复数 I don't like this one. Please give me another one. 我不喜欢这个, 请给我另一个。
例题
---Jenny and Peter, could you tell me something about the new film
---Sorry, __________ of us has ever seen it.
A. either B. none C. both D. neither
倒题2
一Smoking brings me a lot of ideas.
--- Stop that! After all, _________ is more important than health.
A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything
例题3
一Can you speak Chinese, Steve
---Yes, only __________ . I have been in China for only one month.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
四、疑问代词
常用的疑问代词有5个, 常被称作-wh疑问词, 即who, whose, whom, what, which。它们一般有格的变化, 用来表示人或物。who, whom（宾格）和whose(所有格)用于指人, what用于指物, which可以指人, 也可以指物。
例题1 一I'll go to London next month. ---________ for
A. Why B. How C. Which D. What
例题2 一Do you know___________ this iphone 5 belongs to
--- Let me see. Oh, it's __________.
A. whose; her B. whose; hers C. who; her D. who; hers
反身代词
1. Look! Some climbers are trying hard to pull ________ (they) up the rocks.
2. Scientists have newly discovered something showing how the body repairs _______ (本身)while we are sleeping.
物主代词
3.1. Tom likes hiding the book under the bed, while Jack and I hide ________ (us) behind the door.
关系代词
4.---Our teacher was so satisfied with the student ________ won the competition ________ she presented him with a big prize.
A. who; that B. who; as C. that; which D. /; that
不定代词
5.--I am so thirsty. Do you have something to drink
--Sorry. There is_______ in the fridge.
A. nothing B. no one C. anything D. none
6.--- Do you know how many hamburgers and sandwiches there are in the fridge
--- ______. In fact, there is ______ in it. Look at the empty fridge.
A. Nothing; none B. None; nothing C. Neither; none D. Nothing; none
7.—Who is in the classroom
—________________. Look! The students are playing outside.
A. None B. Nobody
C. Nothing D. Anybody
8.--- What an amazing film Beauty and the Beast is!
--- I agree. But you know it won’t be liked by ______.
A. nobody B. anybody C. everybody D. somebody
指示代词
9.Your home town is really nice!The air quality is as good as______of Sanya.
A. it B. one C. that D. the one
10. ---I can't find the magazine I bought this morning.
---Well, Jack is reading ___________ over there. Why not go and see if it is yours
A. it B. that C. one D. some
11.---When shall we have a picnic like this again
---Make it _________ day you like.
A. one B. other C. another D. some
单选题考点：
1) 不定代词it, one, that
one 是同类但不同物表泛指，it 就是指代上面所说的哪一个，that是同类但不同物表特指
It用法总结：1) 指代天气，时间，距离等
2) 指代性别不明的人：-Who is knocking on the door ”-It must be the postman.
3) 做形式主语：it is adj of/for sb. to do
It takes sb. some time to do
It is a waste time to do
It is said/reported/believed that......
4) it做形式宾语：make/find/think it adj. to do/从句
例题：
26.---__________ Mike’s sister have a computer
---Sorry. I don’t think she has ____________.
A. Do; it B. Does; one C. Do; one D. Does; it
27. I don’t make ________ clear when and where the parents’ meeting will be held.
A. this B. that C. those D. it
28.The map says ________ is about 1300 kilometers __________ from Shanghai to Beijing.
A. it; away B. that; far away C. it; far D. that; away
29.We all know that the gravity on Mars is only about _________ of __________ on Earth.
A. three-eighths; the one B. three-eighth; the one
C. three-eighths; that D. three-eighth; that
2) 不定代词both, either, neither, none, all
A. both, either, neither是两者，none, all表示三者及以上。both两者都，either两者中任意一个，neither两者都不。all是都，none是都不。
B. 作主宾定谓语动词的单复数：
Neither of the answers is correct. 两个答案都不对。
Both of The answers aren’t correct. 两个答案并不都对。
None of the questions are/is important.
C. neither...nor... 既不……也不…… either...or... 要么……要么…… not only…but also... 不但……而且……
both...and.... 既……又…… 前三个谓语动词用就近原则，后一个谓语动词复数。
D. Neither/nor+be/情态/助动词+主语 表示……也不。 So+be/情态/助动词+主语 表示……也是。
（注意主将从现规则）
例题：
30.---Coffee with sugar or milk
---_____________. I’d like anything but black coffee.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
31.----Which channel do you prefer, CCTV3 or CCTV5 --- _________is OK. I really don’t mind.
A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither
32.----I went to visit your parents at 8:00p.m. yesterday, but nobody was in.
----Oh, ________ of us were enjoying a wonderful concert at that moment.
A. both B. none C. all D. Neither
33.---Tea or juice
--- ___________. I prefer coffee __________ milk.
A. Either; with B. Neither; without C. Both; to D. Neither; to
few, little , a few, a little, a bit, a bit of, a little bit
few、a few加可数名词复数。Few是几乎没有，态度消极；a few是有一点，态度积极；little加不可数名词，几乎没有，态度消极。a little可加形容词副词及比较级：a little cold/colder/slowly。A little还可加不可数名词，表示有一点，态度积极：a little water. a little还能加可数名词单数，表示一个小……：a little sheep；
a bit=a little bit加形容词副词或比较级：a bit cold/colder/slowly; a bit of+不可数名词。
例题：
34.Grandpa has ___________ sleep before midnight. That is why he always gets _________ sleepy in the daytime.
A. a little; a bit of B. little;little C. little; a bit D. a bit; a little of
other, another, the other, the others; others; any other
有the表特指，要有范围；有s的后面不能加名词，本身是复数。Another+名词单数或者another + 数字=数字+more表示还要多少。Other+名词复数或者不可数名词。Any other是范围中的任何一个，后面加名词单数。
例题：
35.Guangzhou is bigger than __________ in Jiangsu.
A. any other city B. any other cities C. any city D. other city
36.Though the Maths problem is ________ difficult, yet __________ students can work it out.
A. too much; few B. much too; a few C. too much; a few D. much too; few
none和nothing：
None指某个具体的东西没有了。如果文中有具体东西出现，或者用how many/how much提问，则要选none.
nothing指什么都没有。如果文中没有具体东西出现，或者用what提问，则要选nothing。
例题：
37. ---Do you drink much coffee as before
---No, _______ at all. My sleeping problem is getting worse.
A. none B. little
C. nothing D. anything
38.---How many letters have you got from your online friends since last year
--- ________________. We’re just chatting with each other when we’re free.
A. Nothing B. None C. Neither D. No one
复合不定代词：
one/body表人；thing表物
every-表所有；any-表任何；some-表某个；no-表没有
肯定句：四个都能选，看句意。
否定句：只能选every-和any-。Every在否定句中表示部分否定，有的这样有的不这样。Any在否定句中全盘否定，都不=no。
一般疑问句：排除no，every问所有的都这样吗，any表有东西/人这样吗，some可以用于表示建议或请求的疑问句。
例题：
39.I knew most of the guests at the party, but I didn’t know ____________.
A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. Nobody
40.__________ believed that a robbery happened here last night until the police appeared.
A. Nobody B. Everybody C. Somebody D. Anybody
41.You’ve got so many books. Could you please lend me _________ to read
A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything
词汇填空题考点：
宾格，名词性物主代词，反身代词
宾格一般是考一些会有学生误以为是反身代词的题：如：take sth with sb.只能填宾格，不能填反身代词。
It may hurt you. 发出者和承受者不是同一人，只能填宾格。
名词性物主代词：上一句一定有某人的某物出现，下一句说另一个人的来对比。
反身代词：1) 主语后面一定是反身代词。
2) 固定短语：help oneself to by oneself keep...to oneself enjoy oneself（注意yourselves）
3) make oneself understood/heard
【练习】
1. --- Wow, so many new buildings! But it used to be a poor village.
--- Yes. _____________has changed in our hometown.
A. Nothing B. Nobody C. Everything D. Everybody
2. --- Could I use your e-dictionary, Mary
---- Sorry, but I haven't got _____________ .
A one B. it C. this D. that
3. --- I'd like some more apple juice.
---- Sorry, there's__________ left.
A. nothing B. none C. few D. a few
4. --- Is there ______________ in today's newspaper ---- Yes, quite a lot.
A. anything interesting B. something interesting
C. interesting anything D. interesting something
5. --- I'm afraid I won't pass the exam.
--- Come on, Bill. You should believe in _______. That's the secret of success.
A. myself B. ourselves C. yourself D. yourselves
6. Everyone makes mistakes in his or her life. The important thing is not to repeat _________ .
A. it B. them C. him D. her
7. --- What would you like to drink
---I'm very thirsty. ___________ you can get. Just get it now.
A. Anything B. Something C. Nothing D. Other things
8. Your home town is really nice! The air quality is as good as ________ of Sanya.
A it B one C. that D. the one
9. Mr Wu teaches __________ English. We all like _____________.
A. our; him B. us; him C. us; her D. our; her
10. --- Oh, The Old Man And The Sea! Whose book is it
--- It's _____________.
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
11. --- Which of the two subjects do you like, PE or music
---_________________. They are really interesting.
A. Neither B. Both C. None D. All
12. ---______________T-shirt is this
--- I think it's Tom's.
A. Whose B. Which C. What D. Who
13. Nowadays I can choose online courses and study by ____________.
A. I B. me C. my D. myself
14. I don't like __________watch. I like ____________.
A me; your B. my; your C. me; yours D. my; yours
15. Jiefangbei is not far from Chaotianmen You can easily visit ________in a day.
A each B. none C. both D. neither
16. Our teacher was very happy because ___________ failed the examination
A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody
17. ---Look at this model ship. I made it all by _________ last week.
---Wow, you are so smart!
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
18. Unfortunately I was sitting at the table with smokers on __________ side of me.
A. either B. both C. other D. all
19. --- The East Lake is not far from the Yellow Crane Tower, so you can easily visit _________
in a day.
--- Fantastic! I can't wait for it.
A. none B. both C. all D. either
20. ---Have you watched the TV report about MERS
---- Yes, it's ___________ new dangerous disease（疾病）.
A. the other B. another C. others D. other
21. --- Excuse me, may I use your bicycle __________ is broken.
--- Certainly. But remember to return it before lunch.
A. I B. Me C. Myself D. Mine
22. I was looking for a birthday gift for my mother, but I couldn't find ________ suitable.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
23. ---I'11 do the washing-up. Jack, would you please do the floors
---Why __________ Susan is sitting there doing nothing.
A her B. she C. I D. me
24. This work needs close teamwork. _______ will be achieved unless we work well together.
A Nothing B. Anything C. Something D. Everything
25. --- This book on idioms is interesting. I'd like ________ , where did you buy it, Simon
--- In the Amazon Bookstore.
A. it B. this C. that D. one
26. People usually like the TV channels with funnier programmes but _______ advertisements.
A. few B. little C. fewer D. less
27. John is fond of swimming. His hobby is different from _____________ .
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
28. Now teenagers are very busy with their schoolwork and they have____time to do exercise.
A. few B. little C. a few D. a little
29. My star sign is Virgo and my characteristics are similar to ______ described in that book.
A them B. these C. ones D. those
30. We should tell the truth. We can't say one thing to one person and _________ thing to someone else.
A. other B. another C. the other D. one more
31. I think coffee tastes good, but not ___________ likes drinking it.
A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody
32. --- Which of the two T- shirts would you like
---____________. I don't like their styles.
A. Either B. Both C. None D. Neither
33. --- The cakes are quite delicious! Can I have one more
--- Sorry, there is ________ left. What about some biscuits
A none B. no one C. nothing D. nobody
34. Eddie has __________ to do, and he sleeps all day long.
A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing
35. --- Do you drink much coffee as before
--- No, _________ at all. My sleeping problem is getting worse.
A. none B. little C. nothing D. anything
36. I asked two students the way to the post office, but _______ of them knew.
A both B either C. none D. neither
37. --- Forty students in this class Please tell me something about them
--- OK. _______ of them are exchange students, and all these twenty are local students.
A. Most B. Many C. Few D. Half
38. I can't find my ticket. I think I must have lost ____________ .
A. it B. one C. this D. them
39. ____________ may have a chance to be successful if he tries his best.
A. None B. Nobody C. Somebody D. Everybody