2024年牛津深圳版中考英语语法专题 -- 名词（无答案）

中考语法复习：名词
一、名词表示人或事物的名称。按其意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。
1. 表示人名、地名、节日名、一周七天、十二个月等专有名词, 开头第一个字母要大写。
2. 由普通名词变成的专有名词前常加the。如：the United States。
分类 含义 示例
专有名词 表示特定的人、地方、事物、机构等名词的统称 April, China, the Great Wall, the Great Hall of the People
普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 表示某类人或事物中的个体 dictionary, pencil, chair, window, table, book, bike, ball, dog
集体名词 表示若干个体组合成的集体 family, police, class, group, team
不可数名词 物质名词 表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词 rice, glass, mutton, bridge, paper. air, wood, wool, wheat, steel
抽象名词 表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词 knowledge, danger, health, life, homework, interest, love
二、名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1. 可数名词：表示能够以数计算的事物的名词。
可数名词有单数和复数的区别, 表示一个时用单数, 多于一个用复数。如：a cat; two birds; many people。
(l)名词复数的规则变化
构成方法 例词
一般在词尾加一s desk—desks , mile—miles , bridge—bridges , horse—horses
以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词加es glass—glasses, box—boxes, brush—brushes , watch—watches
以th结尾的词加s bath—baths , path — paths , mouth —mouths, month—months
以o结尾的词加s或es piano—pianos, photo —photos , radio —radios hero—heroes , potato—potatoes , tomato—tomatoes zero—zero( e) s , motto— motto ( e) s
以y结尾的词 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加es factory—factories , country—countries quality—qualities. ability— abilities
以元音字母加y结尾的词，直接加s monkey—monkeys , toy—toys
以f或fe结尾的词 f，fe变为v再加es wolf—wolves, wife— wives, leaf—leaves , knife— knives
个别词直接加s gulf —gulfs, belief— beliefs, roof— roofs
个别有两种复数形式 scarf—scarfs /scarves
(2)名词复数的不规则变化
构成方法 例词
复合名词 一般情况下只变词尾 bedroom —bedrooms, highway— highways
把中心词变为复数 looker-on—lookers-on ；passer-by— passers-by
没有中心词将最后一个词变为复数形式 grown-up—grown-ups . go-between—go-betweens
由man或woman构成的复合名词变复数时，man或woman写其他名词都要变为复数 a man-doctor— two men doctors, a woman teacher —three women teachers
特殊名词 改变内部元音 foot— feet, tooth—teeth, man—men
词尾加en或ren ox—oxen, child—children
单、复数同形 sheep— sheep, deer—deer, fish—fish
(3)复合名词的复数形式
①只将主体名词变为复数形式。如：
a banana tree ---- some banana trees a boy student----- some boy students
②复合名词中两个名词都变成复数形式, 但第一个名词必须是man或woman。如：
a man doctor— two men doctors a woman teacher— three women teachers
注意：可用下列单词或短语修饰可数名词的复数。如： ‘
some, (a) few, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, many
例题1
I can't understand the meaning of the passage though there are ______ new words in it.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
例题2
--- Thanks for giving me the
--- My pleasure. I hope they are of some value.
A. suggestions B. news C. message D. information
2. 不可数名词：不能以数计算而必须通过容器的量来表示的名词, 叫作不可数名词。通常使用的形式是：容器单位+of+物质名词。如a glass of milk; two bottles of orange juice。
1. 一般情况下, 物质名词、抽象名词为不可数名词。
物质名词无法分为个体的事物, 通常不能与不定冠词连用, 自身不能表示具体的数量, 如：water, coffee, time, money, bread, milk, gas, air, wind 等；抽象名词表示的是可感觉却触摸不到的性质、动作、状态、感情等抽象的概念, 如：kindness（仁慈）, information(信息), advice（建议）, happiness（幸福）, progress(进步)等。
2. 常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词。
例题3 Not much of the _______ is surprising in Guangzhou Daily today.
A. ideas B. news C. opinions D. articles
例题4 --- Why are you so happy
--- I have to do much __________ every day.
A. homework B. exercises C. sports
三、名词所有格的运用
1. ’s形式的所有格
’s形式的名词所有格主要用于人或动物的名称后, 表示“属于……所有”或修饰的关系。通常在名词后直接加’s, 如果遇到加了s或es的复数名词, 只能在名词后加’。要表示由两个或两个以上的人共同拥有的关系, 名词所有格在最后一个名词后加’s；若表示由两个或两个以上的人分别拥有的关系, 则在每个名词后都加’s；
2. of短语构成的所有格：通常表示无生命事物的所有格, 常用of表示。如：the top of a box箱子的顶部；
3. 双重所有格：of+’s结构叫双重所有格。如：
a friend of my mother's我母亲的一个朋友；
注意：部分无生命词用’s或s’表示所有格。
无生命的东西在下列情况可用’s或s’所有格：A)表示时间或路程。如：today's newspaper今天的报纸；three days' work三天的工作；five minutes' walk步行五分钟的路程。
B)表示度量衡及价值。如：a mile's distance 一英里的距离；twenty dollars' value 20美元的价值。
C)表示商店、医院、住宅等名称时, 常在名词后加’s表示全称。如：at the doctor's就等于at the doctor's office。
D)在one, body和some, any, no, every组合起来的复合不定代词后面加’s。如：someone's car 某人的车。但这些代词如果和else连用时, ’s应该放在else的后面。如：someone else's house。
例题1 This turtle is ___________.
A. Tom and Tim B. Tom's and Tim
C. Tom's and Tim's D. Tom and Tim's
例题2 一Whose room is this Is it the ___________
--- Yes, it is_____________.
A. twins'; Tom and Tim's B. twin's; Tom's and Tim's C. twins’; Tom and Tim
例题3 一It's convenient to travel from Ezhou to Wuhanby taking the newly-
built green railway.
- Yes. It' s said that _____________ is enough.
A. fifteen minutes drive B. fifteen-minutes drive
C. fifteen minute's drive D. fifteen minutes' drive
中考命题趋势
　　考纲解读(名词在近5年考试中的考查点)
　　1. 能够正确使用可数名词和不可数名词。
　　2. 掌握可数名词复数形式的规则变化和不规则变化。
　　3. 掌握名词所有格的构成和用法。
　　4. 掌握名词作主语时和谓语在单复数上保持一致。
命题预测
1. 名词多在单项选择、完形填空、短文填空和完成对话中进行考查。
3. 预计今后中考中对于名词的考查将以名词辨析、名词所有格和可数名词与不可数名词的表达为重点，也可能对名词所有格及名词固定搭配进行考查。
名词知识点全览
名 词 名词的分类 专有名词
普通名词 可数名词 个体名词
集体名词
不可数名词 物质名词
抽象名词
名词的数 可数名词 单数
复数（规则变化、不规则变化）
不可数名词
名词所有格 ’s所有格
of所有格
双重所有格
名词的句法功能 主、宾、表、定、 状、补语、同位
名词辨析
中考考点清单
考点1　名词的分类
一、专有名词：名字(人名、地名、书名、机构名)、与国家有关的(国家、国民、语言)、日期(节日、星期、月份)
My name is Lucy. 我叫露西。
I am a Chinese. 我是中国人。
I will visit the Great Wall on Monday. 周一我要游长城。
二、普通名词：包括可数名词和不可数名词
1. 可数名词
2. 不可数名词
【注意】有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，如：glass意为“玻璃杯”时是可数名词，意为“玻璃”时是不可数名词。
身兼两职的名词对照表：
glass fish chicken time
可数 玻璃杯 鱼类 小鸡 次，倍
不可数 玻璃 鱼肉 鸡肉 时间
orange light paper hair
可数 橙子 电灯 报纸，试卷 (几根) 头发
不可数 橙汁 光 纸 头发
exercise idea life work
可数 练习题 主意，意见 生命 著作
不可数 锻炼 了解 生活 工作
turkey radio youth experience
可数 火鸡 收音机 青年男子 经历
不可数 火鸡肉 无线电 年轻，青春 经验
interest room
可数 爱好 房间
不可数 兴趣 空间
【注意】
(1)family，class等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调家庭成员或班级成员时视为复数；
(2)部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念：
①police指警察、警官的总称，本身表示复数。
The police(主语)+谓语动词复数
②people指人们、人民，本身表示复数。
people指民族，有单、复数变化。如：fifty-six peoples 五十六个民族
考点2　名词的数
一、可数名词的复数形式
1. 规则变化
名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法列表如下：
规则 例词
1 一般在词尾加-s map—maps，sea—seas，girl—girls，day—days
2 以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词后加-es class—classes，box—boxes， watch—watches，dish—dishes
3 以-f或-fe结尾的名词 变-f或-fe为v再加-es leaf—leaves，thief—thieves，knife—knives，loaf—loaves，wife—wives
加-s belief—beliefs，chief—chiefs，proof—proofs，roof—roofs，gulf—gulfs
4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i再加-es party—parties，family—families， story—stories，city—cities
5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s toy—toys，boy—boys，day—days，ray—rays，Henry—Henrys
6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 一般加-es hero—heroes，Negro—Negroes，potato—potatoes，tomato—tomatoes
不少外来词加-s piano—pianos，photo—photos，auto—autos，kilo—kilos，solo—solos
两者皆可 zero—zeros/zeroes，volcano—volcanoes/volcanos
7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio—radios，bamboo—bamboos，zoo—zoos
8 以-th结尾的名词加-s truth—truths，mouth—mouths， month—months，path—paths
2. 不规则变化
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：
规则 例词
1 改变名词中的元音字母 man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，goose—geese，mouse— mice
2 单复数相同 sheep，deer，series，means，works，fish，species，li，yuan，jin
3 只有复数形式 ashes，trousers，clothes，thanks，goods，glasses (眼镜)，compasses (圆规)，contents (目录)
4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people，police，cattle，staff
5 部分集体名词既可以视为单数(整体)也可以视为复数(成员) audience，class，family，crowd，couple，group，committee，government，population，crew，team，public，enemy，party
6 复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关)，forces(军队)，times(时代)，spirits(情绪)，drinks(饮料)，sands(沙滩)，papers(文件，报纸)，manners(礼貌)，looks(外表)，brains(头脑，智力)，greens(青菜)，ruins(废墟)
7 表示“某 国人” 加-s Americans，Australians，Germans， Greeks，Swedes，Europeans
单复数同形 Swiss，Portuguese，Chinese，Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men，-women Englishmen，Frenchmen
8 合成 名词 将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law，lookers-on，passers-by，story-tellers，boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups，housewives，stopwatches
将两部分变为复数 women singers，men servants
二、不可数名词的量的表达
不可数名词在表示量的时候需要用上适当的量词，当数词大于1时，量词须变为复数。如：a piece of advice(一条建议)，five pieces of advice(五条建议)，a bag of rice(一袋大米)，three bags of rice(三袋大米)。
常见的量词及搭配：
a bag of flour 一袋面粉 a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶
a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 a bucket of milk 一桶牛奶
a can of beer 一罐啤酒 a cup of tea 一杯茶
a glass of milk 一杯牛奶 a pack of gum 一盒口香糖
a bowl of soup 一碗汤 a pot of tea 一壶茶
a spoon of sugar 一勺糖 a tin of soup 一个汤罐头
可数名词的量也可以用适当的量词来表达。如：two bags of apples两袋苹果。
考点3　名词所有格
一、 ’s所有格
1、表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格一般在名词后加’s，其构成形式如下：
①一般单数名词后加’s。如：my brother’s book，Jack’s cat，the girl’s pen等。
②以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词后加“‘”。如：girls’，teachers’等。
【注意】在不规则复数名词后，要加’s。如：women’s clothes。
③以-s结尾的专有名词的所有格，读音以[z]结尾的，一般在名词后加“‘”，也可加’s其读音分别为[z]和[Iz]。如：Dickens’/Dickens’s book。
【注意】若不以读音[z]结尾则仍用’s。如：Ross’s book。
④复合名词或词群的所有格的词尾’s加在后面的名词之后。
the President of the United States’s car美国总统的汽车
【注意】当出现同位语时，’s一般加在同位语后。
This is my sister Mary’s bag. 这是我妹妹玛丽的包。
⑤如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词词尾加’s，如果不是共有的，两个名词都要加’s。
Tom and Peter’s room汤姆和彼得的房间(共有的房间)
Tom’s and Peter’s rooms汤姆的房间和彼得的房间(各自的房间)
⑥表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加上’s代表全称。
at the doctor’s=at the doctor’s office在诊所
⑦在one及one/body和some-，any-，no-，every-结合起来的复合词后加’s。如：someone’s book某人的书。这些代词和else连用时，’s应加在else后。如：somebody else’s pencil别人的铅笔。
2、表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可以在词尾后加’s或“‘”构成所有格。如：today’s news，ten minutes’ drive，China’s industry等。
二、“of+名词”所有格
无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of+名词”的结构来表示。如：the windows of the room(房间的窗户)，the cover of the dictionary(词典的封面)。
三、双重所有格
(1)表示部分概念，of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的限定词，如：a，an，one，two，some，several，a few，many，any，no等。
This is a picture of mine. 这是我的一张照片。
(2)双重所有格与of所有格的不同。
He is a friend of your father’s. 他是你父亲的一个朋友。(强调你父亲的朋友不止一个)
He is a friend of your father. 他是你父亲的朋友。(强调他对你父亲的友好)
中考考点聚焦
　　考点1　名词辨析
1.----What do you think of The Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路倡议)
----Great! It will help China improve the _______ with those related countries.
A. relationship B. agreement C. environment D. information
　　考点2　名词所有格及其用法
2.The woman in a hat is aunt.
A. Jack and John B.Jack’s and John C.Jack’s and John’s D.Jack and John’s
　　考点3　名词的数
3.—Hey, boys. Look at the falling .
—Well, it’s telling us that autumn is coming.
A.leaf B.leafs C.leafes D.leaves
【练习】
1. The ___________is the best place to chat and watch TV.
A. bedroom B. dining room C. living room D. bathroom
2. The car was out of __________ and hit a tree by the road.
A. danger B. breath C. control D. practice
3. After reading the novel Treasure Island. Paul has more _______ than before because of the main character brave Jim
A. humour B. wealth C. luck D. courage
4. --Finding information is not a big deal today.
--- Well, the _________ is how we can tell whether the information is useful or not
A. courage B. message C. challenge D. knowledge
5. None of them talked. They finished their meal in __________.
A. silence B. order C. place D. public
6. ---I'm tired out these days.
---Well, you'd better keep a ________ between work and play.
A. promise B. diary C. balance D. secret
7. --- Could you tell me the _________ of making such tasty cakes
--- Well, I just follow the instructions in the cookbook.
A. time B. method C. cost D. menu
8. --- Where are you going to spend your summer holiday, Jenny
--- I haven't made a ___________ yet. I'm going to talk about it with my family tomorrow.
A. decision B. promise C. journey D. suggestion
9. In 1998, Liu Xiang's ________in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping.
A. ability B. trade C. electricity D. memory
10. Dave really likes driving. I think being a_________ is just right for him.
A doctor B. teacher C. farmer D. driver
11. ---Is this photo taken in Tibet '
---- Yes . You can see beautiful snow mountains in the ________of the photo.
A. form B. background C. shape D. introduction
12. Could you please take my picture Here is my__________ .
A. printer B. radio C. player D. camera
13. --- How can I get some __________ about the 2016 Olympic Games
--- Why not search the Internet
A. information B. experience C. practice D. success
14. There are lots of ____________ that students have to follow in school.
A. exercises B. problems C. skills D. rules
15. Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous ___________ in American___________.
symbol; culture B. symbol; cultures . C. symbols; culture D. symbols; cultures
16. --- Any special __________ this shopping mall now
--- Sure, we have the latest e-products on sale.
A. offer B. price C. brand D. service
17. I paid ￥10 for _____________ this morning.
A. 4 bottle milks B. 4 bottles of milk C. 4 bottles of milks D. 4 milk
18. Health is important for us teenagers, so we should eat more vegetables such as ____ to keep healthy.
A. tomatoes and potatoes B. tomatos and potatos C. tomatos and potatoes
19. --- There are a lot of _____________ of bike riding.
--- I agree. It's good for the environment and it saves money.
A. instructions B. instruments C. advantages D. products
20. ---What's your favorite, Jim
---- My favorite is _________. I often listen to it on the MP3 player.
A. sports B. dance C. science D. music
21. --- I'm told your class has 3 newcomers.
--- Yes. One is a _________ the other two are ________.
A. Japan; Germany B. Japanese; German C. Japanese; Germans D. Japanese; Germen
22. Yesterday Lucy told us such good _______ that we were all amazed at it.
A. news B. ideas C. suggestion D. answer
23. The Chinese saying "A tree can't make a forest" tells us that _______ is very important in a football match
A ability B. decision C. teamwork D. experience
24. Time says that smart Lego has become one of __________ favorite toys.
A child B. children C. children's
25. Annie has a ____________ and she is going to see her dentist today.
A cold B. fever C. cough D. toothache
26. With the ____________ , we can choose one icon and click on it for more details.
A. menu B. printer C. screen D. mouse
27. The old man can't hear us well because there's something wrong with his _________.
A. mouth B. nose C. ears D. eyes
28. US First Lady Michelle Obama encouraged students to study abroad in her _________
when visiting Peking University on March 22, 2014.
A story B. speech C.1etter D. diary
29. ---Listen, they're talking about their _________ again!
--- Well, they hope it'll prove their answer right.
A. experiment B. agreement C. development D. environment
30. --- Nobody knows which team will win the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.
--- Yes. That is the ________of the beautiful game.
A. question B. luck C. hope D. magic
模拟测试
测试时间：25分钟 满分：60分
1. A number of countries have shown great__________ in AIIB（亚洲投资银行）set up mainly by China
A. hobby B habit C. interest D. notice
2. It's widely accepted that every tourist should have good _________.
A. methods B. moods C. minds D. manners
3. Mr White, the principal（校长）, has made a great ________ to the growth of the school.
A. contribution B. progress C. invention D. protection
4. 一I have won first ___________ in the Reading Competition.
-- Oh, wonderful. Congratulations!
A. award B. prize C. lesson D. result
5. 一My father bought me a new mobile phone as a present, but I don't know how to use it.
--- Why not read the ________first before using it
A. instructions B. inventions C. invitations D. interviews
6. 一We should all hold on to our dreams.
--- Yes. A life without a dream is like a bird without ___________,which can't fly.
A. water B. wings C. clouds D. food
7. It is better to travel 10,000 miles than to read 10,000 books, so it's important to have real ________ with languages, cultures and societies.
A. influence B. knowledge C. experiences D. communications
8. ---Can you describe what Mr Green's daughter is like
--- Oh, she has the very ________ of Mr Green I'm sure you can know her at the first sight.
A. photo B. voice C. look D. taste
9. 一Paul shows little_______________ in the piano competition.
--- Yes, but his mother insists that he should catch the chance.
A. pain B. cause C. situation D. interest
10. The two cities have reached an have reached an ________ to develop science and technology.
A. education B. excitement C. invention D. agreement
11. --- I have great______ in learning English and I am so worried. Could you help me
--- Sure. I would be glad to.
A. trouble B. interest C. joy D. fun
12. --- I don't know how to use my new instrument.
--- It doesn't matter. Here is the ____________.
A. instruction B. direction C. information D. advertisement
13. Qian Xuesen is a ____________who is the pioneer of China's space technology programme.
A. composer B. scientist C. writer D. president
14. Nowadays, more people pay attention to the air pollution. The government is taking action to change the terrible _________________.
A. situation B. condition C. background D. temperature
15. --- Cindy hasn't come back yet. I'm afraid she doesn't know the way.
--- Don't worry. She has a pretty good _________ of direction.
A. sense B. feeling C. experience D. idea
16. You will find this map of great _________ in helping you to get round London.
A. price B. cost C. value D. use
17. His latest movie has won high ________ from many people.
A. prize B. price C. praise D. practice
18. 一At present, micro blogs are very popular among young people.
---I agree with you. We like to share our __________on the Internet。
A. spirit B. ideas C fund D. cases
19. If you develop a ____________of talking with others in English, you'll improve your
ability in speaking.
A. plan B. habit C. way D. chance
20. Jia Pingwa's novels are popular among adults and always get good __________ .
A. tips B. habits C. readers D. reviews
21. Oh, dear! There isn't enough ________ for us in the lift. Let's wait for the next.
A. floor B. seat C. room D. ground
22. --- Have you heard that Bread Talk used overdue (过期) powder to make bread
---- Yes. The food safety is a serious ___________..
A. problem B. question C. course D. opinion
23. It is bad __________ for a man to smoke in public places where smoking is not allowed.
A. behavior B. evidence C. experience D. manner
24. --- Shall we go for a picnic
--- Sorry. This is not the right______ to invite me . I am too busy to afford it
A. chance B. situation C. place D. moment
25. Whenever I make mistakes, my mother will point them out with _________.
A. envy B. courage C. patience D. fear
26. I'd like a ________ for dessert. Fruit, you know, is good for health.
A. potato B. banana C. candy D. pie
27. Please pick me up at the __________.My plane arrives at 8:00 a. m.
A. hotel B. airport C. museum D. theatre
28. If you go to visit London, don't forget your ______ because it rains a lot.
A. passport B. money C. map D. umbrella
29. 一Wish you a pleasant journey!
--- Thanks! I'11 give you a _________ as soon as I arrive in Paris.
A. ring B. hand C. ride D. present
30. 一Judy, I guess you are only twenty-five years old, is that true
--- Oh, it's a _____________.
A. suggestion B. secret C. reason D. problem