启东市百杏中学2023-2024学年度第二学期
八年级英语第一次独立作业
一、听力（每小题 1 分，共 20 分）
第一部分， 听对话回答问题
( ) 1. What food are they talking about
A． B. C. C.
( ) 2. What day is it tomorrow
A． B. C. C.
( ) 3. What was Lily doing at 7 yesterday morning
A. B． C．
( ) 4. What animal does the man like
A B. C.
( ) 5. How often does the bus come
A. Every three minutes. B. Every five minutes. C. Every eight minutes.
( ) 6. When will the two speakers meet
A. At 4.30 p. m. B. At 4.45 p. m. C. At 5.15 p. m.
( ) 7. What did John do last night
A. He did his homework.
B. He did some reading.
C. He chatted with his friends on the Internet.
( ) 8. What will the man probably do first
A. Hurry to the meeting.
B. Go sightseeing by bus.
C. Take the underground.
( ) 9. What does Simon want to get
A. Some water and food. B. Some clothes. C. Some medicine.
( ) 10. What are they talking about
A. Daniel’s hobbies
B. Daniel’s school subjects.
C. Daniel’s good personalities.
第二部分，听对话和短文回答问题
听一段对话，回答11-12小题
( ) 11. What’s the woman’s problem
A.．She feels nervous about the test.
B．She doesn’t work hard.
C．She has never taken any test.
( ) 12. What is the man’s suggestion for getting good results in exams
A. Talking with others. B. Often taking tests. C. Always working hard.
听第一篇短文，回答第13-15小题。请根据短文内容，选择正确答案，完成信息记录表。
A story about a lucky girl
What Last year, she 13． and got hurt.
Who 14． wrote a letter to the charity.
How She will help people in need by 15． .
( ) 13.A.fell off her bike B.was hit by a car C.fell over
( ) 14.A.Her teacher B.She herself C.Her parents
( ) 15.A.donating money B.doing operations C.doing voluntary work
听第二篇短文，回答第 16-20 小题
( ) 16.What is Maggie Brown
A.A Chinese teacher. B.An English teacher. C.A PE teacher.
( ) 17.Which country does Maggie come from
A.France. B.The USA. C.England.
( ) 18. How does Maggie feel about her job
A.Excited. B.Confident. C.Bored.
( ) 19. What might young children think about Maggie
A. She is not good at singing.
B. She does not teach very well.
C. She is an interesting teacher.
( ) 20.What will Maggie miss if she moves to another country
A.Her home town.
B.The children’s happy faces.
C.Her life in Paris.
二、单项选择(每小题1分，共15分)
( )21. As we all know, the UK is_________European country as well as _________island.
A. a; an B. an; a C. the; a D. the; an
( ) 22. My brother_________France for a month, and he will be back in a week.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has been to
( ) 23. Mr. Smith, ___________ of the ___________speech, started to read a novel.
A. tied; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring
( ) 24. — Tom, your mobile phone is ringing.
— Wait a minute. It’s dangerous ___________us_________it while driving.
A. for; answering B. of; to answer C. for; to answer D. of; answering
( ) 25. Kitty was alone at home, so she didn’t know _________ about the problem.
A. who to talk B. who to talk to C. who to say D. what to talk
( ) 26. There was a big _________ my way _________ my way home.
A. at; by B. in; / C. on; in D. in; to
( ) 27. —___________3000 pounds enough for me _________a new bike
—Yes, quite enough.
A. Are; to buy B. Is; to buy C. Are; buy D. Is; buy
( ) 28. — It’s so hot here. Do you mind _________ the window
—_________. Go ahead.
A. to close; Yes B. to open; No
C. opening; Of course not D. closing; I hope so
( ) 29. J.K. Rowling is a_________ writer. Her book Harry Potter is a great _________.
A. success; successful B. successful; success
C. successful; succeed D. succeed; successfully
( ) 30. — Would you please help me look after my pet cat
— Sure. ___________.
A. With pleasure B. My pleasure C. That’s OK D. You’re Welcome
( ) 31. All the possible ways I thought of ___________ the problem didn’t work.
A. solving B. to solve C. solve D. solved
( ) 32. I found__________ possible__________the task on time.
A. it is; to finish B. that; finishing C. it; finishing D. it; to finish
( ) 33. The Basketball Club ___________thirty boys ___________twenty girls.
A. is made up of; as well B. is made up of; as well as
C. is made of; as well as D. makes up; as well
( ) 34. The temperature _________ until he turned on the air condition to ___________it.
A. didn’t rise; raise B. didn’t raise; rise C. rose; raise D. raised; rise
( ) 35. —I may find a better job if I go abroad.
—Don’t be silly. _________, you know.
A. Don’t put all eggs in one basket
B. Actions speak louder than words
C. The grass is always greener on the other side
D. Don’t burn the candle at both ends.
三、完型填空(每小题1分，共15分)
Recently my wife and I were faced with a difficult situation while traveling by car in the mountains with our hired driver. It was going to be a long ride and we were 36 . Just as we began to doze(打盹), the engine made a strange , loud noise and then 37 working.
The sun was just setting and the air was getting cooler. We tried communicating with the driver but with little success. He told us he was going to get 38 and then left.
In a distant location with no houses in sight, we started to hear the cries of wild animals. We also didn’t have much food it was getting colder and darker. I began to 39 confidence. Should we leave the car and seek shelter Would our driver ever 40 Was he a trustworthy man We were very 41 .
A couple of hours passed. 42 , the headlights from another car could be seen in the 43 . An unfamiliar man got out of the car. He looked 44 at first until his mouth opened with a big friendly smile. He asked us to get into the 45 with him. He had such a kind face, so we knew we could depend on(依靠) him. We climbed into the car.
Before we left, he put a note on the windshield(挡风玻璃) of our car with his phone number on it. Then he drove us to a nearby village, and we (11) 46 his family. They offered us tea and local foods, and everyone asked us questions and were thrilled to have 47 guests.
Later that evening, the phone rang. It was our 48 . He had kept his work and drove the car to pick us up. We prepared to leave and thanked our new friends.
I will never forget the 49 and hospitality(好客) we received on that day because we relied on a(n) 50 for help.
( ) 36A. afraid B. tired C. bored D. nervous
( ) 37A. stopped B. began C. continued D. kept
( ) 38A. food B. help C. fuel D. light
( ) 39A. lose B. express C. build D. share
( ) 40A. visit B. believe C. return D. fail
( ) 41A. disappointed B. ashamed C. puzzled D. worried
( ) 42A. Gradually B. quickly C. suddenly D. Recently
( ) 43A. air B. end C. dark D. daytime
( ) 44A. unhealthy B. unhappy C. unfriendly D. uncomfortable
( ) 45A. shelter B. car C. house D. mountain
( ) 46A. met B. left C. helped D. invited
( ) 47A. familiar B. regular C. unwelcome D. unexpected
( ) 48A. guest B. driver C. member D. relative
( ) 49A. courage B. beauty C. warmth D. need
( ) 50A. engineer B. traveler C. stranger D. cook
四、阅读理解(每小题2分，共40分)
A
( ) 51.The pictures above are________.
A. a news report B. a comic strip C. a poster D. a notice
( ) 52.What are the kids mainly talking about？
A. The direction． B. The seasons． C. The map． D. The leaves．
( ) 53.In the pictures, it is now most probably________．
A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter
B
Sam and I walked along the main street, the small buildings giving us a break from the sun. Through the window of the candy shop I could see tubes of colorful jelly beans. A sign on the window’s glass read
LOST：Gold and blue necklace. Very special. If found, call Chrissy at 555-9924.
Chrissy had drawn a crayon version of the necklace at the bottom of the poster and a border made of orange exclamation points.
The necklace looked different from the one I clutched(紧握)in my pocket, I decided. Rounder, bluer. The poster seemed old and weathered. It must have been put up months ago.
“Hey,” Sam asked, “are you coming with me ”
We continued to walk, and I noticed four more posters. Someone must have returned that necklace by now, I thought.
Once home, I placed the necklace into my old yellow retainer box. I’d cleaned it out and made it my special place for special things. So far, it held twin miniature seashells, a pebble that looked exactly like a bird’s egg, and 11half-burnt birthday candles.
I looked at the stone, so clean and polished. Could it be Chrissie’s Was it her “very special” necklace
“Uncle Coop,” I called, “would you take me to the store ”
We went into town together and stopped at LuAnn’s. Uncle Coop let me borrow his cell phone to call the number on the poster.
“Hello ” said a girl’s voice after one ring.
“Hi,” I said . “Is this Chrissy ”
“Yes.”
“Um, my name is Ryan. I think I may have something that belongs to you.”
“My necklace ”
Fifteen minutes later, I was sitting at a table across from Chrissy. We were drinking milkshakes and sharing an order of sweet-potato fries while Uncle Coop and Chrissie’s dad drank coffee at the counter.
“It was a gift from my mom,” she said, “before she got sick.” Chrissy looked down at the blue stone in her hand.
“I’m really sorry,” I said. “Holding on to it somehow makes things a little better,” she said. “Do you know what I mean ”
I thought about the mean(刻薄的) kids at school and how holding on to beautiful things often made me feel better.
I nodded. “I think I do.”
( ) 54. Which word is the most suitable for
A. patient B. excited C. nervous D. relaxed
( ) 55. What can we infer from the passage about the necklace
A. Chrissy had lost it in the candy shop. B. Ryan and Sam found it together.
C. Chrissie’s mother bought it long ago. D. Ryan wanted to keep it at first.
( ) 56. Which is the best title for this story
A. An Honest Girl B. Lost and Found
C. An Important Gift D. Family and Love
C
Pet parrots that are allowed to make video calls to other birds show signs of feeling less isolated, according to scientists.
The study, which included giving the birds a computer that they could use to make video calls, found that they began to take part in more social behaviors including preening, singing and playing. The birds were given a choice of which “friend” to call on a touchscreen computer and the study showed that the parrots that called other birds most often were the most popular choices.
Ilyena Hirskyj-Douglás, of the University of Glasgow and a co-author of the study, said that video calls had helped many people feel less isolated in the last few years. She added, “There are 20 million parrots living in people’s homes in the USA, and we wanted to find out whether those birds might benefit(受益)from video calling too. If we gave them the chance to call other parrots, would they choose to do so, and would the experience benefit the parrots and their caregivers ”
Their study of 18 pet parrots showed that there were, indeed, benefits for the birds. In the wild, many species of parrots live in large groups, but as pets they are kept alone or in a small group. Living alone can cause birds to develop mental problems, which include rocking, walking back and forth, or self-harming behaviors such as feather-plucking.
The parrots first learned to ring a bell and then touch a photo of another bird on the screen of a computer to make a call to that bird, with the help of their owners. In total the birds made 147 calls to each other during the study, while owners took detailed notes on the birds’ behavior and the researchers later reviewed the video footage.
Jennifer Cunha of Northeastern University said that the parrots “seemed to know” that they were communicating with other birds. “All the bird owners in the study said they valued the experience, and would want to continue using the system with their parrots in the future,” she said.
“I was quite surprised at so many different behaviors,” said Hirskyj-Douglas. “Some would sing some would play around and go upside down, others would want to show another bird their toys.”
( ) 57.The main purpose of the study is to find out .
A. if parrots can learn to make video calls
B. if parrots can benefit from video calling
C. why parrots can have so many benefit
D. why parrots can develop mental problems
( ) 58.What can we learn about the pet parrots
A. Their way to communicate is singing.
B. Most of them used to live in large groups.
C. The most popular ones made most calls.
D. They can make video calls by themselves.
( ) 59.Which word has the closest meaning to “isolated”
A. amazed B. calm C. afraid D. lonely
( ) 60.The following paragraph can best go after .
Video calling could reproduce some of the social benefits of living in a group, according to Rebecca Kleinberger, of Northeastern University and first author of the study.
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4
D
Don’t Judge a Book by Its Cover
Ever since I was a little girl, I’ve loved reading crime and detective novels, so I guess it was pretty normal that I started writing them when I was older. However, my family is very big on having a traditional career and so when I said that I wanted to go to college and study writing, my parents told me that I couldn’t. They told me that I had to study for a degree so that I would achieve a career, and not something as risky as writing. I suppose I could have studied journalism (新闻) ,but I didn’t want to lose interest in writing because it would be something I would do every day for work, not for pleasure. I thought that teaching looked like a pretty good compromise(妥协), especially because of the long holidays. It was a good choice: by the time I was twenty-five, I’d already finished two novels and had an agent.
To be honest, I never meant to keep my being a crime writer a secret or anything, and my friends have always known. One of the reasons most people don’t know is because my agent told me that my name Hazel sounded too much like a romance novelist for older women. She suggested Brooke Lane and I thought, “Well, if you think it’ll make me successful, okay,” I’d totally forgotten about it until I walked into school one day and saw one of my workmates reading my novel. I asked her some questions about it, and it was so clear that she had no idea that I’d written it—she even offered to lend it to me after she’d finished! Of course, sometimes I wonder what my students would think if they knew that their teacher was going home on the weekend to write about murders and dead bodies, but I think my parents probably did me a favor: my teaching job keeps me in touch with the real world.
( ) 61. Hazel is probably .
A. an agent B. a journalist
C. a teacher and artist D. a teacher and writer
( )62.The underlined words “is very big on “ in the passage most probably mean .
A. to give no advice B. to like something very much
C. to have more experiences D. to misunderstand something
( )63. It’s clear that Hazel .
A. agreed to study journalism for a degree
B. accepted Brooke Lane as her pen name
C. would like to write something for teaching
D. told her workmates about her writing novels
( )64. Hazel finally realized that her parents’ advice on her career was .
A. helpful B. exciting C. disappointing D. risky
( )65. We can infer from the passage that .
A. Hazel likes showing off in public
B. Hazel’s students all want to write novels
C. Hazel’s agent has played a role in her success
D. older women prefer the name Brooke to Hazel
E
When I walked into the house after school, I found my dad at home. “What are you doing home already ” I asked casually. “Andrew, I was laid off (解雇) today,” he answered quietly.
I was sure he was joking. “No, you weren’t. Why are you really home ”
Then I noticed his expression and realized he was telling the truth. My father has always been a hard worker and was proud of himself on his career(职业).My father’s unemployment(失业) created many changes in our lives. He was home all day, which meant my bed had to be made, my room cleaned up, and my homework done right after school. I would come home every day to find him at the computer searching for jobs. I began to notice how down he seemed, and how losing his job had affected(影响)his self-esteem(自尊心),though he tried to be optimistic(乐观).He asked my brother and me to spend less money. I gave up my pocket money, though it wasn’t much, felt like the right thing to do. I also found a part-time job.
After several difficult months of searching, my dad decided to go in a totally different direction. He explained that he never wanted to be laid off again, so he was going to start his own business. Day by day, I watched him build it, and I admired(羡慕) how much time and energy he spent on it.
One evening I asked if he needed help. “Only if it doesn’t interfere(妨碍)with school,” he said, which sounded like a yes.
I showed up at his office the next afternoon, and most afternoons after that for two months. I always knew he was a hard worker, but watching him in action really touched me. Although this was one of the worst experiences for our family, it taught me a lot about dealing with adversity. Now I know that through clever problem-solving, I can always find plans, ask for help, and take risks.
( ) 41. When the father was laid off, he________.
A. was angry with his boss B. didn’t care about it at all
C. couldn’t accept the fact easily D. was as happy as usual
( ) 42. We can know from the passage that________.
A.it was not easy for the father to find a new job
B. the father asked his sons to give up their pocket money
C. the father found a good job when he changed his direction
D. Andrew and his brother helped his father set up his business
( ) 43. The underlined word “it” in the Paragraph 5 probably means“________”.
A. Andrew’s part-time job
B. Andrew’s help with the father’s business
C. the father's losing his job
D. the father said yes to Andrew
( ) 44.What has Andrew learned from his father
A．The spirit(精神) of solving problems in a clever way.
B. The skills of searching the Internet.
C. The experience of saving money.
D. The rich business skills.
( ) 45. Which sentence can best describe their experience
A. Practice makes perfect.
B. Danger is the touchstone (试金石) of life.
C. Growing up in difficulty.
D. The miracle (奇迹) is in bad luck.
五、词汇(每小题1分，共15分)
根据括号中的中文提示、英文释义或句意,写出句中所缺单词,使句子通顺
71. If you want to have a bright future, you should learn as much __________(知识) as possible at school.
72. You can learn a lot from the teacher with lots of _____________(经验)。
73. Put the piano___________ (close to, touching or hitting sth.) the wall.
74. Daniel has planned to visit __________________(a few; some) islands this summer
75. I thought Jack was tall and strong. In fact, he is completely the _____________.
根据句意从方框中选择合适的单词,并用其适当形式填空,使句子通顺
terrible keep run polite Germany
76. Don’t leave the tap __________. It is a waste of water.
77. Much to __________ joy, their national football team came first once again.
78. It is___________to cut in on others. You should learn to listen carefully.
79. This is the __________ dream I have ever had. I don’t think of it any more.
80. You should try everything you can ___________ your voice down in public.
根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词,并用其适当时态填空,使句子通顺
not be explain teach prepare snow
81. He___________ English in a local school, but now he works for an international company.
82. It’s blowing hard. I think it ___________ this afternoon.
83. —May I use your computer
—I ____________ for my coming exam. Help yourself, please.
84. If it ___________rainy tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.
85. I___________ the problem twice, but Jim is still unable to understand it.
六、短文填空(每小题1分，共10分)
The famous R 86 writer Lev Tolstory (托尔斯泰) once said, “ Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing h 87 .”
He was right. We always plan to do or dream of doing something great so that we can change the world. For example, we hate p 88 , so we try to find new energy resources to keep the environment c 89 . However, we still l 90 on the ground in our lives. Also, we are not happy with the traffic, so we plan to build more highways to stop it. But in fact, the main reason for it is that many people don’t f 91 the traffic rules.
Now, lots of students always think their homework is very difficult and they find it hard to pass exams. In their e 92 , the problems on papers are too difficult. But actually, the real r 93 is that they don’t study hard. They never think about changing their attitudes (态度)t 94 study or working hard on their lessons.
In my opinion, before we decide to change the world, we should change ourselves first. As common people, it is not easy for us to change the world, but we can easily give up our bad habits, such as littering, breaking traffic rules and always c 95 about how difficult the exam is. If we can do that, we’ll be strong enough to change the world some day and make it!
七、阅读与回答问题(每小题2分，共10分)
Car Free Day encourages drivers to give up their cars for a day to protect the environment. People from around the world get together in the streets to remind the world that we don’t have to accept the society full of cars. It was first started by 34 cities in France and September 22 is Car Free Day. The first Car Free Day in China was in Chengdu in 2001. The slogan for the day is “If we drive for one less day, we can have one nicer day.”
Organized activities are held in many cities on Car Free Day. In Brussels, Car Free Day shall be valid (有效的) for everybody except persons with a special permit(许可证), but they have to slow down to the speed of 30 kilometers per hour. The public transportation are encouraged. The streets are open only to walkers, bicycles and buses from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm. In Beijing, it asks drivers to leave their cars at home for one day each month and walk or ride a bike to work. More and more people are joining in the activity. In the first quarter of this year, Beijing only had 52 blue sky days, and you may see haze (雾霾) almost every day! We must do more for Car Free Day as a Beijing driver said, “We may not change the weather, but we can choose not to drive.”
But we do not want just one day and then a return to “normal” life. We should go on with Car Free Day.
96. Where was Car Free Day started first
97. How long should the car drivers not drive in the streets in London on Car Free Day
98. Who can drive on Car Free Day in Brussels
99. What does Car Free Day ask Beijingers not to do every month
100. What’s the purpose of Car Free Day
八、书面表达(满分25分)
作为学校书香校园活动中的“优秀读者”， 你被读书俱乐部邀请给同学们做一次关于“勤读书， 促成长”为主题的演讲， 谈谈你的读书习惯的变化， 号召大家都来读好书。请参考下面的内容， 用英语写一份演讲稿。
读书的意义 1. 获取知识，开阔视野； 2. 使人愉悦，益于学习；
过去 1. 作业多，无良好读书习惯； 2. 不知道该选择读什么类的书籍； 3. 电视和网络占用过的时间。
现在 1. 读书成为你学习生活中最重要的一部 分， 每天至少半小时； 2. 最喜爱历史书籍和小说。
倡议 1. 每天花尽可能多的时间读书； 2. ……
注意：
1) 要点完整， 可适当发挥， 使句子通顺、连贯。
2) 正确使用时态， 语法正确， 书写整洁。
3) 90词左右， 开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear friends,
Reading is very important in our daily life._____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Let’s start reading now!八年级答案
听力 ABAAC BBBAC ACABC BBACB
单选 ACACB DBCBB BDBAC
完型 BCDAC DCCCD ADBBC
阅读 BAC CDB BCDC BBAC CABAC
五、词汇
A、 knowledge experience against several opposite
B、 running Germans impolite most terrible to keep
C、 taught is going to snow am preparing isn’t have explained
六、短文填空
Russian; himself; pollution; clean; litter;
follow; eyes; reason; towards; complaining
七、回答问题
96. In France.
97.For 12 hours.
98.Persons with a special permit.
99.It asks them not to drive for one day.
100. To encourage people to protect the environment.
八、作文
Dear friends,
Reading is very important in our daily life. Reading can not only make us get knowledge but also open up a whole new world for us . Besides, it can make us happy and it is good for our study.
In the past, I had too much homework and I didn’t have enough time to read books. I didn’t know what kind of books to read, either. What's more, I spent much time on TV and Internet.
But now reading has become an important part of my life. It takes me at least half an hour to read books every day. I like history books and novels best, such as The Little Prince.
I hope more and more students will spend as much time as possible reading books because books are our friends. Reading can bring us a wonderful life.
Let's start reading now!听力材料原文
1． W: Do you want some more hamburgers
M: No, thank you.
2． M: Why not go to visit the science museum today, Linda
W: I'm afraid it's too late. The museum opens only from 2 to 5 on Wednesday.
M: You mean we have to wait until tomorrow
W: I guess so.
3． M: What was Lily doing at 7 yesterday morning
W: She was tidying her room.
4． M: What animal do you like best
W: I like dogs because they are helpful.
M: I like cats because they are smart.
5． W: Do you think the bus will come soon
M: I don't think so. The bus left three minutes ago. We have to wait five more minutes.
6． M: Hello, this is Martin Brown. You want to see me at half past four, but I'm afraid I'll have to be fifteen minutes late.
W: All right. I'll wait for you then.
7． W: Hi, John! Why are you so tired today
M: I went to bed too late last night. I was reading a novel and forgot the time.
8． W: If you are in a hurry, you can take the underground. If you want to go sightseeing, take a bus.
M: Actually I won't have the meeting before noon.
9． W: You don't look well, Simon. Shall I call the doctor
M: No, thank you. I'm just feeling thirsty and hungry.
10． M: Daniel is really a good boy. He does well in all his subjects and plays sports well.
W: Yes. You are right. As I know he often helps his mum with the housework.
11---12
M: What's your problem
W: I am thinking of the test tomorrow. I am afraid I can't pass this time.
M: You've been working very hard these days. There's no doubt that you'll pass.
W: In fact, I always feel nervous as soon as I enter a test room.
M: Try to relax. Try deep breathing and you will not feel so nervous.
W: You seem to be well prepared for the test, don't you
M: Yes. If you work hard every day, you are always ready for tests.
W: Nice talking with you. Have a good day!
13---15
Lucy is a beautiful young girl. Last year, she fell off her bike and was badly hurt. Her parents were too poor to send her to hospital. After two months, she couldn't hear anything. Her teacher told her to write a letter to a charity called World Vision. With the help of World Vision, she was sent to hospital and the doctors performed an operation on her. Now she can hear again. She is grateful to World Vision. She wants to be a social worker when she grows up. "I will try my best to do voluntary work to help people in need, " she says.
16--20
Maggie Brown is an English teacher in a primary school in Paris. She's from the USA, but she wanted to experience living abroad in Europe. Until now she has been excited about her job and wants to continue a few more years. Then she would like to move to Asia to experience another country. Perhaps she could teach in Thailand or China. Maggie loves teaching English to young children. They always enjoy her songs and games. Learning English is fun when Maggie is the teacher! Maggie learnt excellent ways to work with kids when she was at college. Sometimes she tells children funny stories or asks them to use English to make their own stories. She'll miss their happy faces when she moves to another country.
