单元十五 七选五（精讲案）——2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】
题型解读
试题模式为：给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述为"主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。"
该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。
另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。根据这些，我们总结一些关于七选五的做题方法供大家参考。
解题步骤
1.通读全篇，掌握大意
阅读理解七选五考查考生对文章的整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握，做题时，考生应该快速浏览全文，寻找主题句，对文章结构、整体脉络及主要内容等做到心中有数。"开门见山"与"结尾总结"是英文写作中常见的写作方式，因此，阅读过程中要特别注意文章的首段和末段。如果主题句出现在首段，读者就能迅速明确文章主题。如果首段没有主题句，文章很可能采用"结尾总结"式。如果两者均排除，则需在文章其他段落寻找。另外，不少文章都有标题或小标题，通过标题也可以大致确定文章的主题。
2.浏览段首，抓住段落主题句
阅读理解七选五不仅考查考生根据文义和语境还原关键句的能力，而且还考查考生概括段落主旨的能力。英语中的议论文和说明文的主题句一般都出现在段落的开头（偶尔也出现在段尾），对全文起着提示、概括、归纳的作用。因此，通读时，要找到每个段落的主题句，弄清每个段落是怎样围绕主题句展开论述或说明的。
3.结合语境，解决细节问题
阅读理解七选五在设空时，选项的设置往往遵循"能抽出能还原"的原则，抽出的句子在上下文语境中一般都能找到相应的还原依据。因此，做题时一定要从上下文中找到支撑相关选项的具体信息，有时还需要根据表层信息进行推理和判断才能确定最佳选项。由于备选项中有两个多余选项，它们起着很大的干扰作用，因此在做这种题时，采用筛选法和排除法效果较好。
4.定位选项，明确各备选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中。填写时要注意各选项中出现的衔接性标志词。
在定位选项时，要特别注意空格处上下段的写作内容以及空格处上段尾句和下段首句的意义。将所选选项放入空格处后，看看所选选项是否能与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的一致关系，是否符合该处语境，能否承接前后的写作线索等，以确保文章无论在内容上还是衔接上都通顺。一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作线索与思路的。在定位选项时，要尤其注意文章的写作线索和思路。文章写作线索和思路的连贯性能使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语都相互支撑。如果所选选项放入空白处后，文章写作线索或思路中断或是前后矛盾，应更换选项。
5.通读复检，将所选选项代入文中，再次通读全文，重点检查逻辑关系和关联结构
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理，各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断所选选项是否正确。同时，考生还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近，具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要考生认真分析，仔细辨别，排除干扰，从而选出最佳选项。
解题策略
1.依据词汇线索
词汇线索主要包括词汇复现和代词线索两种情况。
（1）词汇复现
词汇复现指相同词汇的重复使用、同义词和近义词的复现或同一范畴词的复现。英语的线性思维表现为第一句话的宾语往往是第二句的主语，或者前后句有相同或重叠的词语。这种前后句语义的衔接常以句中关键词（常为名词、动词、形容词）的同义词、近义词或反义词（组）复现的方式来实现。解题时可以利用这些词作为解题线索。
（2）代词线索
代词主要是为避免重复，用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也用于指代前面提到的概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以有效地帮助我们做出正确的选择。
2.依据上下文逻辑和衔接关系
文章由段落组成，层次分明，错落有致，围绕中心话题展开。各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系。阅读补全解题攻略之一就是要理清这些关系，并据此选出正确答案。
（1）总分关系
"总分结构法"中的"总"是文章内容的总体概括，出现在文章的开头或结尾；"分"是文章内容的具体展开，它实际上是文章的主体部分。一篇文章在总体布局上，可以先总后分，也可以先分后总，还可以先总后分再总，它们通常都称作"总分结构法"。
（2）解释关系
从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有解释关系，往往作者提出观点，紧接着对这个观点进行解释说明。因此，把握文章结构，理清作者表达的意思至关重要。
（3）例证关系
前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：for
example，for instance，in other words，that is to say 等。
（4）并列关系
表示并列关系的标志词语有：and；first(ly)；second(ly)；then/next；to begin with；for one thing, for another thing；finally/last等。
（5）转折关系
表示转折的词暗示前后说的是同一件事。表示转折关系的标志词语有：but，however，yet，while/though/although，or/otherwise，instead，nevertheless(然而)，still等。
（6）对比关系
表示对比的词暗示设空处与其后有相反的意义。表示对比关系的标志词语有：while，if not，some…others 等。
（7）因果关系
表示因果关系的标志词语有：so，therefore，thus，consequently（因此），as a result (of)等。
3.依据设空位置
句子在文中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同，充分利用设空位置的暗示作用，结合语篇逻辑是解决"七选五"的有效途径。
（1）设空处在段首
在每段的第一句设空的内容通常是该段的主旨句，解题时需要认真研读该段内容，然后从选项中查找与下文相关的内容，从而确定答案。
（2）设空处在段中
要注意分析设空处前后的逻辑关系。设空处除了可能是承上启下的过渡句外，也可能是补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明的句子。因此，首先需要依据信息词将部分选项排除，然后把剩下的几个可能正确的选项依次代入设空处，最终确定哪个选项和设空处前后内容语义连贯、逻辑关系清晰，从而得出正确答案。
（3）设空处在段尾
段尾句多为承上启下的过渡句或总结、概括句。解题时，可从这个角度去思考：该空是归纳本段主旨还是引出下一段的内容？如果在选项中找不出与前文关联的内容，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否体现出了衔接。认真阅读下一段的开头几句，看是否能与选项紧密连接起来。
十大技巧
技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。
因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result结果，thus/therefore因此，so (such)...如此……以至于等。
技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。
表示转折关系的连接词有：However然而，nevertheless仍然，然而，不过，nonetheless尽管如此，依然，然而，still还；然而，though可是，不过，然而，yet然而，in spite of不顾，不管，at any rate无论如何，至少，in any case无论如何，不管怎样，whoever无论是谁，whatever无论什么，on the contrary正相反，in contrast与此相反，相比之下，by contrast相反，相比之下，in comparison比较起来，比较地，by comparison相比之下，conversely相反(地)，otherwise否则；除此以外，not…but不是……而是，as well也等。
技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断——例证关系
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。
技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断——递进关系
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。
表示递进关系的连词有：also也，而且，further另外(的)；furthermore而且，此外，likewise同样地，照样地；也，又，similarly相似地，类似地，moreover而且再者，此外，in addition另外，加之，what's more更重要的是，too也，还，either也，neither两者都不，not only…but also不但…而且等。
技巧五：从细节逻辑上判断——平列关系
表示列举关系的有：first首先，第一，second第二，third第三…；firstly第一，首先， secondly第二(点)；其次，thirdly第三…；first第一，next其次，then那么，然后…；in the first place第一，首先，in the second place第二，其次…；for one thing首先，一则，for another thing其次…；to begin with首先，第一，to conclude首先，第一等
技巧六：从词汇线索上判断——代词
英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
技巧七：从词汇线索上判断——同义词/近义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。
技巧八：从词汇线索上判断——上下义词/同一范畴词
上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。
技巧九：从试题位置上判断——问题在段首
假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。
另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。
通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。
技巧十：从试题位置上判断——问题在段尾
所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。
分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。
段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore，as a result，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
易错分析
1. 忽视逻辑衔接而导致的判断错误
2.忽视词汇衔接而导致的关系错误
3.忽视结构衔接而导致的选择错误
4.忽视意义衔接而导致的关系错误
5.忽视关键信息而导致的选择错误
小贴士：
如何利用关键词解题
比较两类关键词：将7个选项的关键词与5个空的前后句中的关键词进行比较，若匹配，就是答案。具体方法：
（1）阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组、数词、代词、连词等。
（2）阅读各个选项，标记关键词。
（3）比较并匹配上述两类关键词，确定答案。
A
For people who are planning a trip, a visit to a museum might not be the first thing they think of. After all, there are plenty of ways to appreciate the world's civilization, gain exciting experiences and spend quality time with family and friends. ①_____
Museums are where people learn something new, at every age! Are you interested in something specific ②____. There, you will find yourself drawn in and inspired! Museums are a fantastic place to learn about a region's history, scientific achievements, major cultural events, and of course, dinosaurs. They also design exhibitions related to visual arts, industrial innovations and anything that inspires an individual to learn about the past and create new paths to the future.
③_____ They will surely be an exciting part of the educational experience with the main purpose to expose children to knowledge of various fields and expand their horizons. To achieve that, museums are working to create meaningful and engaging activities, interactive and knowledge-based.
Museums support tourism. They are tourism promoters in small towns and large cities. Museums aren't a burden on tax revenue(税收) or a separate concern from other city projects. ④_____ Statistics show that museums support more than 726,000 jobs in America.
Museums shape communities. They have activities and exhibitions through which visitors can learn about local history. Museums are places where a shared heritage is celebrated and a collective identity is formed. They provide an interesting public space where people meet and talk to each other. ⑤_____
A. Museums bring out the best qualities in children.
B. Museums often deliver kids-centered exhibitions.
C. Instead, they generate funding and fuel employment.
D. Then, visit a local museum to learn about that subject.
E. Even shopping at the gift shop there is an opportunity for connection.
F. On the contrary, they consume a small percentage of city funds annually.
G. The fact, however, is that museums offer magical benefits in many ways.
B
Sometimes we fall in love with something at once and sometimes it takes time. ①_________ If were lucky, we come across a poem that immediately attracts us. But usually we need to spend a little time or make a little effort to truly understand a poem. Today Td like to share some tips for reading poetry in ways that make the experience better with the goal of improving your own poetry writing.
②_________ Sometimes a poem that seems boring on first reading becomes clear with more readings. A poem that feels meaningless becomes deeper and more meaningful. And sometimes you're just not in the right mood the first time you read a poem, but later it touches your heart. Keep a dictionary and a poetry reference book at hand when you are reading poetry. Poets are fond of using unusual words. ③_________
Read aloud and listen to the poem. Some poems have unclear structures and hearing a poet's reading will make the poem's rhythm clear. ④_________
After you finish reading a poem, take a few moments to consider what it is saying. Sometimes its meaning are better understood through repeated readings. ⑤_________
It is hard to say that there's a right and wrong way to read poetry, but there is an argument to be made for reading practices that will enrich your experience, increase your enjoyment, and deepen your understanding of any poem.
A. Besides, a poet's reading can even help understand the poem's meaning.
B. Keep a record to track the poets you've studied and the poems you've read.
C. Other times they are grasped through reflection on a poem.
D. The same is true with poetry.
E. Reading a poem repeatedly will deepen your understanding of it.
F. Study the poet's life and read some of his other works to gain deeper understanding.
G. Instead of skipping over these words or trying to guess their meanings, look them up.
答案以及解析
A
答案：GDBCE
解析：①联系上文题。根据上文For people who are planning a trip, a visit to a museum might not be the first thing they think of. After all, there are plenty of ways to appreciate the world's civilization, gain exciting experiences and spend quality time with family and friends.(对于计划旅行的人来说，参观博物馆可能不是他们想到的第一件事。毕竟，有很多方式可以欣赏世界文明，获得令人兴奋的体验，与家人和朋友共度美好时光。)可知，此处提到人们在旅行途中有很多选择，博物馆不是人们的首选地址，G项"然而，事实是博物馆在许多方面提供了神奇的好处。"中的however表明，其实去博物馆有好多益处，此处点明本文的主题。符合语境，故选G项。
②联系上文题。根据上文"Museums are where people learn something new, at every age! Are you interested in something specific (博物馆是人们学习新东西的地方，不分年龄!你有什么特别的兴趣吗 )"可知，可以去博物馆观看感兴趣的东西，D项"然后，去当地的博物馆了解一下这个主题。"中的that subject指代上文的something specific，符合语境。故选D项。
③段落主题题。根据下文They will surely be an exciting part of the educational experience with the main purpose to expose children to knowledge of various fields and expand their horizons. To achieve that, museums are working to create meaningful and engaging activities, interactive and knowledge-based.(它们肯定是教育经历中令人兴奋的一部分，主要目的是让孩子们接触各个领域的知识，扩大他们的视野。为了实现这一目标，博物馆正在努力创造有意义和吸引人的活动，以互动和知识为基础。)可知，博物馆可以让孩子们接收到教育，B项"博物馆经常举办以儿童为中心的展览。"作本段小标题。故选B项。
④细节理解题。根据上文Museums support tourism. They are tourism promoters in small towns and large cities. Museums aren't a burden on tax revenue(税收)or a separate concern from other city projects.(博物馆支持旅游业。他们是小城镇和大城市的旅游推动者。博物馆不是税收的负担，也不是与其他城市项目分开的单独的问题。)可知，本段中涉及博物馆对城市旅行业的推动；C项"相反，它们创造了资金和就业。"与上文为转折关系，下文Statistics show that museums support more than 726,000 jobs in America.(统计数据显示，博物馆在美国提供了72.6万个工作岗位。)可知，此处具体解释博物馆创造工作机会的功能，呼应C项的fuel employment，符合语境，故选C项。
⑤联系上文题。根据上文Museums shape communities. They have activities and exhibitions through which visitors can learn about local history. Museums are places where a shared heritage is celebrated and a collective identity is formed. They provide an interesting public space where people meet and talk to each other.(博物馆塑造社区。他们有活动和展览，游客可以通过这些活动了解当地的历史。博物馆是庆祝共同遗产和形成集体身份的地方。它们提供了一个有趣的公共空间，人们可以在这里见面交谈。)可知，本段涉及博物馆塑造社区的功能，博物馆作为一个公共空间，人们可以相互交流；E项"即使是在礼品店购物，也有机会建立联系。"可知，在博物馆的周边产业，如礼品店，在这里人们也有机会进行交流联系，符合语境。故选E项。
B
答案：DEGAC
解析：①纽带衔接题。空格前一句提到有时我们会立刻爱上某样事物，有时需要时间。空格后一句提到有时我们立刻会被一首诗所吸引，有时要花一点时间才能理解一首诗。由此可知，此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，说明这种情况也适用于诗歌。D项意为"诗歌也同样如此"，符合此处语境。
②段首主题句。空格后提到有些诗起初读起来很枯燥，但是多读几次意思就会很清晰；一首起初觉得毫无意义的诗多读几次，会感觉越来越深刻，越来越有意义；一首起初无法让你投人的诗，之后会触动你的心。E项意为"反复地去读一首诗会加深你对这首诗的理解"，能够很好地引出下文，符合此处语境。
③意群契合题。空格前提到读诗的时候应该准备一本字典或者参考书，因为诗人们喜欢使用一些生僻词汇。由此可以推测，空格处应该与生僻词汇有关。G项意为"不要跳过这些词或者试图去猜它们的含义，应该去查阅它们"，符合此处语境。
④意群契合题。空格前提到有些诗的结构不清晰，聆听诗人的朗读会使诗歌的结构更加清晰。由此可以推测，空格处应承接上文，涉及聆听诗人朗读诗歌的作用。A项意为"此外，诗人的朗读甚至能够帮助理解诗的含义"，符合此处语境。
⑤逻辑推理题。空格前提到有时通过反复朗读，能更好地理解诗的含义。C项意为"其他时候，通过对诗的思考能理解诗的含义"，其中的other times和空格前一句中的sometimes相呼应，是在阐释另一种情况。因此C项符合此处语境。(共48张PPT)
单元十五
七选五
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题型解读
PART ONE
试题模式为：给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述为"主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。"
该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。
另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。根据这些，我们总结一些关于七选五的做题方法供大家参考。
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解题步骤
PART TWO
阅读理解七选五考查考生对文章的整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握，做题时，考生应该快速浏览全文，寻找主题句，对文章结构、整体脉络及主要内容等做到心中有数。“开门见山”与“结尾总结”是英文写作中常见的写作方式，因此，阅读过程中要特别注意文章的首段和末段。如果主题句出现在首段，读者就能迅速明确文章主题。如果首段没有主题句，文章很可能采用“结尾总结”式。如果两者均排除，则需在文章其他段落寻找。另外，不少文章都有标题或小标题，通过标题也可以大致确定文章的主题。
1.通读全篇，掌握大意
2.浏览段首，抓住段落主题句
阅读理解七选五不仅考查考生根据文义和语境还原关键句的能力，而且还考查考生概括段落主旨的能力。英语中的议论文和说明文的主题句一般都出现在段落的开头（偶尔也出现在段尾），对全文起着提示、概括、归纳的作用。因此，通读时，要找到每个段落的主题句，弄清每个段落是怎样围绕主题句展开论述或说明的。
3.结合语境，解决细节问题
阅读理解七选五在设空时，选项的设置往往遵循“能抽出能还原”的原则，抽出的句子在上下文语境中一般都能找到相应的还原依据。因此，做题时一定要从上下文中找到支撑相关选项的具体信息，有时还需要根据表层信息进行推理和判断才能确定最佳选项。由于备选项中有两个多余选项，它们起着很大的干扰作用，因此在做这种题时，采用筛选法和排除法效果较好。
4.定位选项，明确各备选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中。填写时要注意各选项中出现的衔接性标志词。
在定位选项时，要特别注意空格处上下段的写作内容以及空格处上段尾句和下段首句的意义。将所选选项放入空格处后，看看所选选项是否能与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的一致关系，是否符合该处语境，能否承接前后的写作线索等，以确保文章无论在内容上还是衔接上都通顺。一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作线索与思路的。在定位选项时，要尤其注意文章的写作线索和思路。文章写作线索和思路的连贯性能使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语都相互支撑。如果所选选项放入空白处后，文章写作线索或思路中断或是前后矛盾，应更换选项。
5.通读复检，将所选选项代入文中，再次通读全文，重点检查逻辑关系和关联结构
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理，各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断所选选项是否正确。同时，考生还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近，具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要考生认真分析，仔细辨别，排除干扰，从而选出最佳选项。
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解题策略
PART THREE
1.依据词汇线索
词汇线索主要包括词汇复现和代词线索两种情况。
（1）词汇复现
词汇复现指相同词汇的重复使用、同义词和近义词的复现或同一范畴词的复现。英语的线性思维表现为第一句话的宾语往往是第二句的主语，或者前后句有相同或重叠的词语。这种前后句语义的衔接常以句中关键词（常为名词、动词、形容词）的同义词、近义词或反义词（组）复现的方式来实现。解题时可以利用这些词作为解题线索。
（2）代词线索
代词主要是为避免重复，用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也用于指代前面提到的概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以有效地帮助我们做出正确的选择。
2.依据上下文逻辑和衔接关系
文章由段落组成，层次分明，错落有致，围绕中心话题展开。各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系。阅读补全解题攻略之一就是要理清这些关系，并据此选出正确答案。
（1）总分关系
“总分结构法”中的“总”是文章内容的总体概括，出现在文章的开头或结尾；“分”是文章内容的具体展开，它实际上是文章的主体部分。一篇文章在总体布局上，可以先总后分，也可以先分后总，还可以先总后分再总，它们通常都称作“总分结构法”。
2.依据上下文逻辑和衔接关系
（2）解释关系
从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有解释关系，往往作者提出观点，紧接着对这个观点进行解释说明。因此，把握文章结构，理清作者表达的意思至关重要。
（3）例证关系
前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：for example，for instance，in other words，that is to say 等。
2.依据上下文逻辑和衔接关系
（4）并列关系
表示并列关系的标志词语有：and；first(ly)；second(ly)；then/next；to begin with；for one thing, for another thing；finally/last等。
（5）转折关系
表示转折的词暗示前后说的是同一件事。表示转折关系的标志词语有：but，however，yet，while/though/although，or/otherwise，instead，nevertheless(然而)，still等。
2.依据上下文逻辑和衔接关系
（6）对比关系
表示对比的词暗示设空处与其后有相反的意义。表示对比关系的标志词语有：while，if not，some…others 等。
（7）因果关系
表示因果关系的标志词语有：so，therefore，thus，consequently（因此），as a result (of)等。
3.依据设空位置
句子在文中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同，充分利用设空位置的暗示作用，结合语篇逻辑是解决“七选五”的有效途径。
（1）设空处在段首
在每段的第一句设空的内容通常是该段的主旨句，解题时需要认真研读该段内容，然后从选项中查找与下文相关的内容，从而确定答案。
3.依据设空位置
（2）设空处在段中
要注意分析设空处前后的逻辑关系。设空处除了可能是承上启下的过渡句外，也可能是补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明的句子。因此，首先需要依据信息词将部分选项排除，然后把剩下的几个可能正确的选项依次代入设空处，最终确定哪个选项和设空处前后内容语义连贯、逻辑关系清晰，从而得出正确答案。
3.依据设空位置
（3）设空处在段尾
段尾句多为承上启下的过渡句或总结、概括句。解题时，可从这个角度去思考：该空是归纳本段主旨还是引出下一段的内容？如果在选项中找不出与前文关联的内容，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否体现出了衔接。认真阅读下一段的开头几句，看是否能与选项紧密连接起来。
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十大技巧
PART FOUR
技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。
因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result结果，thus/therefore因此，so (such)...如此……以至于等。
技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子
表示转折关系的连接词有：However然而，nevertheless仍然，然而，不过，nonetheless尽管如此，依然，然而，still还；然而，though可是，不过，然而，yet然而，in spite of不顾，不管，at any rate无论如何，至少，in any case无论如何，不管怎样，whoever无论是谁，whatever无论什么，on the contrary正相反，in contrast与此相反，相比之下，by contrast相反，相比之下，in comparison比较起来，比较地，by comparison相比之下，conversely相反(地)，otherwise否则；除此以外，not…but不是……而是，as well也等。
技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断——例证关系
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。
技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断——递进关系
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。
表示递进关系的连词有：also也，而且，further另外(的)；furthermore而且，此外，likewise同样地，照样地；也，又，similarly相似地，类似地，moreover而且再者，此外，in addition另外，加之，what’s more更重要的是，too也，还，either也，neither两者都不，not only…but also不但…而且等。
技巧五：从细节逻辑上判断——平列关系
表示列举关系的有：first首先，第一，second第二，third第三…；firstly第一，首先， secondly第二(点)；其次，thirdly第三…；first第一，next其次，then那么，然后…；in the first place第一，首先，in the second place第二，其次…；for one thing首先，一则，for another thing其次…；to begin with首先，第一，to conclude首先，第一等
技巧六：从词汇线索上判断——代词
英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
技巧七：从词汇线索上判断——同义词/近义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。
技巧八：从词汇线索上判断——上下义词/同一范畴词
上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。
技巧九：从试题位置上判断——问题在段首
假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。
另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。
通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。
技巧十：从试题位置上判断——问题在段尾
所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。
分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
技巧十：从试题位置上判断——问题在段尾
如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。
段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore，as a result，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
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易错分析
PART FIVE
1. 忽视逻辑衔接而导致的判断错误
2.忽视词汇衔接而导致的关系错误
3.忽视结构衔接而导致的选择错误
4.忽视意义衔接而导致的关系错误
5.忽视关键信息而导致的选择错误
小贴士：
如何利用关键词解题
比较两类关键词：将7个选项的关键词与5个空的前后句中的关键词进行比较，若匹配，就是答案。具体方法：
（1）阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组、数词、代词、连词等。
（2）阅读各个选项，标记关键词。
（3）比较并匹配上述两类关键词，确定答案。
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典例剖析
PART SIX
For people who are planning a trip, a visit to a museum might not be the first thing they think of. After all, there are plenty of ways to appreciate the world's civilization, gain exciting experiences and spend quality time with family and friends. ①_____
Museums are where people learn something new, at every age! Are you interested in something specific ②____. There, you will find yourself drawn in and inspired! Museums are a fantastic place to learn about a region's history, scientific achievements, major cultural events, and of course, dinosaurs. They also design exhibitions related to visual arts, industrial innovations and anything that inspires an individual to learn about the past and create new paths to the future.
③_____ They will surely be an exciting part of the educational experience with the main purpose to expose children to knowledge of various fields and expand their horizons. To achieve that, museums are working to create meaningful and engaging activities, interactive and knowledge-based.
Museums support tourism. They are tourism promoters in small towns and large cities. Museums aren't a burden on tax revenue(税收) or a separate concern from other city projects. ④_____ Statistics show that museums support more than 726,000 jobs in America.
Museums shape communities. They have activities and exhibitions through which visitors can learn about local history. Museums are places where a shared heritage is celebrated and a collective identity is formed. They provide an interesting public space where people meet and talk to each other. ⑤_____
A. Museums bring out the best qualities in children.
B. Museums often deliver kids-centered exhibitions.
C. Instead, they generate funding and fuel employment.
D. Then, visit a local museum to learn about that subject.
E. Even shopping at the gift shop there is an opportunity for connection.
F. On the contrary, they consume a small percentage of city funds annually.
G. The fact, however, is that museums offer magical benefits in many ways.
1. 答案：G
解析：联系上文题。根据上文For people who are planning a trip, a visit to a museum might not be the first thing they think of. After all, there are plenty of ways to appreciate the world's civilization, gain exciting experiences and spend quality time with family and friends.(对于计划旅行的人来说，参观博物馆可能不是他们想到的第一件事。毕竟，有很多方式可以欣赏世界文明，获得令人兴奋的体验，与家人和朋友共度美好时光。)可知，此处提到人们在旅行途中有很多选择，博物馆不是人们的首选地址，G项"然而，事实是博物馆在许多方面提供了神奇的好处。"中的however表明，其实去博物馆有好多益处，此处点明本文的主题。符合语境，故选G项。
2. 答案：D
解析：联系上文题。根据上文"Museums are where people learn something new, at every age! Are you interested in something specific (博物馆是人们学习新东西的地方，不分年龄!你有什么特别的兴趣吗 )"可知，可以去博物馆观看感兴趣的东西，D项"然后，去当地的博物馆了解一下这个主题。"中的that subject指代上文的something specific，符合语境。故选D项。
3. 答案：B
解析：段落主题题。根据下文They will surely be an exciting part of the educational experience with the main purpose to expose children to knowledge of various fields and expand their horizons. To achieve that, museums are working to create meaningful and engaging activities, interactive and knowledge-based.(它们肯定是教育经历中令人兴奋的一部分，主要目的是让孩子们接触各个领域的知识，扩大他们的视野。为了实现这一目标，博物馆正在努力创造有意义和吸引人的活动，以互动和知识为基础。)可知，博物馆可以让孩子们接收到教育，B项"博物馆经常举办以儿童为中心的展览。"作本段小标题。故选B项。
4. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据上文Museums support tourism. They are tourism promoters in small towns and large cities. Museums aren't a burden on tax revenue(税收)or a separate concern from other city projects.(博物馆支持旅游业。他们是小城镇和大城市的旅游推动者。博物馆不是税收的负担，也不是与其他城市项目分开的单独的问题。)可知，本段中涉及博物馆对城市旅行业的推动；C项"相反，它们创造了资金和就业。"与上文为转折关系，下文Statistics show that museums support more than 726,000 jobs in America.(统计数据显示，博物馆在美国提供了72.6万个工作岗位。)可知，此处具体解释博物馆创造工作机会的功能，呼应C项的fuel employment，符合语境，故选C项。
5. 答案：E
解析：联系上文题。根据上文Museums shape communities. They have activities and exhibitions through which visitors can learn about local history. Museums are places where a shared heritage is celebrated and a collective identity is formed. They provide an interesting public space where people meet and talk to each other.(博物馆塑造社区。他们有活动和展览，游客可以通过这些活动了解当地的历史。博物馆是庆祝共同遗产和形成集体身份的地方。它们提供了一个有趣的公共空间，人们可以在这里见面交谈。)可知，本段涉及博物馆塑造社区的功能，博物馆作为一个公共空间，人们可以相互交流；E项"即使是在礼品店购物，也有机会建立联系。"可知，在博物馆的周边产业，如礼品店，在这里人们也有机会进行交流联系，符合语境。故选E项。
Sometimes we fall in love with something at once and sometimes it takes time. ①_________ If were lucky, we come across a poem that immediately attracts us. But usually we need to spend a little time or make a little effort to truly understand a poem. Today Td like to share some tips for reading poetry in ways that make the experience better with the goal of improving your own poetry writing.
②_________ Sometimes a poem that seems boring on first reading becomes clear with more readings. A poem that feels meaningless becomes deeper and more meaningful. And sometimes you're just not in the right mood the first time you read a poem, but later it touches your heart. Keep a dictionary and a poetry reference book at hand when you are reading poetry. Poets are fond of using unusual words. ③_________
Read aloud and listen to the poem. Some poems have unclear structures and hearing a poet's reading will make the poem's rhythm clear. ④_________
After you finish reading a poem, take a few moments to consider what it is saying. Sometimes its meaning are better understood through repeated readings. ⑤_________
It is hard to say that there's a right and wrong way to read poetry, but there is an argument to be made for reading practices that will enrich your experience, increase your enjoyment, and deepen your understanding of any poem.
A. Besides, a poet's reading can even help understand the poem's meaning.
B. Keep a record to track the poets you've studied and the poems you've read.
C. Other times they are grasped through reflection on a poem.
D. The same is true with poetry.
E. Reading a poem repeatedly will deepen your understanding of it.
F. Study the poet's life and read some of his other works to gain deeper understanding.
G. Instead of skipping over these words or trying to guess their meanings, look them up.
1. 答案：D
解析：纽带衔接题。空格前一句提到有时我们会立刻爱上某样事物，有时需要时间。空格后一句提到有时我们立刻会被一首诗所吸引，有时要花一点时间才能理解一首诗。由此可知，此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，说明这种情况也适用于诗歌。D项意为"诗歌也同样如此"，符合此处语境。
2. 答案：E
解析：段首主题句。空格后提到有些诗起初读起来很枯燥，但是多读几次意思就会很清晰；一首起初觉得毫无意义的诗多读几次，会感觉越来越深刻，越来越有意义；一首起初无法让你投人的诗，之后会触动你的心。E项意为"反复地去读一首诗会加深你对这首诗的理解"，能够很好地引出下文，符合此处语境。
3. 答案：G
解析：意群契合题。空格前提到读诗的时候应该准备一本字典或者参考书，因为诗人们喜欢使用一些生僻词汇。由此可以推测，空格处应该与生僻词汇有关。G项意为"不要跳过这些词或者试图去猜它们的含义，应该去查阅它们"，符合此处语境。
4. 答案：A
解析：意群契合题。空格前提到有些诗的结构不清晰，聆听诗人的朗读会使诗歌的结构更加清晰。由此可以推测，空格处应承接上文，涉及聆听诗人朗读诗歌的作用。A项意为"此外，诗人的朗读甚至能够帮助理解诗的含义"，符合此处语境。
5. 答案：C
解析：逻辑推理题。空格前提到有时通过反复朗读，能更好地理解诗的含义。C项意为"其他时候，通过对诗的思考能理解诗的含义"，其中的other times和空格前一句中的sometimes相呼应，是在阐释另一种情况。因此C项符合此处语境。
Thank you(共13张PPT)
单元十五
七选五
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled "Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner." One reason was: "You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym," while another read: "①_____" With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ②_____ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response. ③_____ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ④_____
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ⑤_____ Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core(核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E. How can you write a good "seeking training partner" notice
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
1. 答案：C
解析：根据空后一句"有一个健身伙伴, 你将会训练得更努力, 因为你们之间有一种微妙的竞争"可知, C项"如果你和别人一起训练, 你会更努力"符合语境。故选C。
2. 答案：D
解析：根据空后的问句"Or do you...and flexibility "可知, 空处也应是一般疑问句, 是对本段首句的进一步解释。由此可知, D项"你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为一名更好的运动员吗 "符合语境, 故选D。
3. 答案：B
解析：根据空后一句"如果你打算在健身房锻炼, 那个人(你的伙伴)一定得是同一个健身房的"可知, 空处内容应该与健身伙伴所在的位置有关。由此可知, B项"健身伙伴通常需要住在附近"符合语境, 故选B。
4. 答案：G
解析：空前介绍了作者的健身伙伴发布的寻找健身伙伴的帖子的内容。故空处也应与帖子内容有关。G项"任何寻找训练伙伴的通知都应包括这些信息"符合语境, 故选G。
5. 答案：F
解析：空前介绍了作者的健身伙伴发布的寻找健身伙伴的帖子的内容。故空处也应与帖子内容有关。G项"任何寻找训练伙伴的通知都应包括这些信息"符合语境, 故选G。
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
①_____ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ②_____ Don't worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won't work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ③_____ Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled(弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced(三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. ④_____ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks(大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. ⑤_____ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, lean the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
1. 答案：D
解析：根据空后内容可知，当你第一次想写一篇文章时，不间断地写10或15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。由此可知，本段主要讲的技巧是要学会不间断地写。再结合空处所在位置可推知，空处是本段的主题句，D项中的First of all与后面两段段首的"The next technique"和"The third technique"相呼应。故D项符合语境。
2. 答案：B
解析：根据空前的"Stay loose and free"和空后的"Don't worry about grammar or spelling"可知，空处应说按自己心里想的内容写，自由发挥，故B项符合语境。
3. 答案：E
解析：根据空前内容可知，下一个技巧是快速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。根据空后内容可知，通过学习与不完美共存，你将不会头痛，并且也不会有一个装满皱巴巴的废纸的废纸篓。E项中的"get their drafts right"和上文的"perfect"呼应，说明很多人想第一次就写好，但这是很难的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E项承上启下，符合语境。
4. 答案：F
解析：根据空前内容可知，第三种方法是尝试打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。F项中的"revise"和前面的"revision"呼应，"Many beginning writers"和下文的"these writers"呼应,且F项指出了许多新手写作者不留足够修改空间的做法，空后一句就说明了这种不良做法的结果。故选F。
5. 答案：G
解析：根据空前内容可知，当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续用时，你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字处理器中。而空后讲到，由此产生的空白允许你修改。因此空处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G项提到了输入到文字处理器后的做法，其中的"triple-space"和下文的"The resulting blank space"呼应，故选G项。
Thank you单元十五 七选五（精准训练）——2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】
A
Advice For Dealing With Uncertainty
We are living in uncertain times, going through changes that we can't control. There's just so much to worry about: health, finances, even our social relationship. This state of uncertainty usually leaves us upset and depressed. ①_______.
Reflect on yourself.
Check in with yourself. Allow yourself to get in touch with how you're feeling. Reflect both on what's hard and on what's still good. ②_______. What matters is just that you find time to pause and take stock in the midst of a crisis.
③_______.
Find some things you want to do — things that take your mind off your worries during uncertain times. Maybe for you it's baking a pie or organizing a closet or conquering a video game. Whatever it is, think about what feels meaningful or gives you a sense of accomplishment and do that.
Reach out for help.
Connect with people who can lift you up and point you in the right direction. ④_______, you'll think you're in a ditch by yourself. So, call, video-chat or text with a friend; join an online community; or even go old-school and write a letter. You will understand that you are not alone.
Don't try to make sense of things too soon.
It can be tempting to rush through an uncertain situation and try to make it seem certain. So the last tip is more about what we should not do than what we should do. Don't try to make sense of things too soon. ⑤_______. That leaves room for new possibilities.
A. Set aside external expectations
B. Find your "best gift" for the day
C. It doesn't matter how you reflect
D. If you don't talk to others
E. It's crucial to figure out what life will hold in store for us
F. The following tips may do some help
G. Instead, take time to recharge, free up energy to do good, meaningful things
B
Teaching yourself to become more grateful can make a huge difference in your overall happiness. Gratitude helps you experience more positive emotions, decrease depression, feel better about yourself, improve your relationships, and strengthen your immune system.①________
Give sincere thanks to others. When someone goes above and beyond or does something to make your day easier, be quick to speak out your thanks and appreciation.②________ It's an instant reward to see how expressing gratitude makes a positive difference in someone else's day. It makes you realize that we're all connected and that what you do matters.
Keep a gratitude journal.③________ It may sound cheesy, but writing down the good things that happened to you during the day really works. Actually, keeping a gratitude journal is a powerful technique that instantly makes you feel happier, more connected to others, and genuinely appreciative.
④________ Think of someone who did something that changed your life for the better who you never properly thanked. Write a thoughtful letter of gratitude expressing what the person did, how it affected you, and what it still means to you. Then deliver the letter. Positive psychology expert Martin Seligman recommends reading the letter in person for the most dramatic increase in happiness.
Find the positive in a negative event from your past.⑤________ Reevaluate a negative event from your past with an eye for what you learned or how you became stronger, wiser, or more sympathetic. When you can find meaning in even the bad things you've experienced, you will be happier and more grateful.
A. Write a letter of gratitude.
B. How can we express our gratitude
C. Positive reactions contribute to long-lasting gratitude.
D. Here are some exercises you can practice to increase gratitude.
E. Even the most painful circumstances can teach us positive lessons.
F. Make it a habit to regularly put down the things you have to be thankful for.
G. Not only will it make the person feel good, but also it will give you a happiness lift, too.
C
People who experience face blindness can have a hard time in their social life. They have trouble remembering or recognizing faces. The term 'face blindness' isn't exactly accurate though. ①_______. They just can't put all the parts together into one coherent image that they remember and recognize when they see it again, which is why proper name for face blindness is prosopagnosia, or literally "not knowing the face".
②_______ These clues include the way they sound (their voice or accent), the way they look (body size, shape or height), the way they smell, their clothing, their hair(style, colour or length) and obvious features on their face(beards, piercings heavy eyebrow, glasses).
③_______ Because they're not always unique to one person and they can change. This is why face blindness can cause so much stress.
If you don't experience face blindness, you've probably never given much thought to your ability to recognize familiar people or how important that is to your social interactions and feelings of safety. But imagine if you didn't know whether the person approaching you is a friend or a stranger. ④_______. Or imagine not being able to find the teacher when you need to use the toilet, because your teacher wears glasses and none of the adults in the room are wearing glasses today. ⑤_______.
A. These are important ways to remember someone's face.
B. Do you say hello or just keep on walking
C. Those with face blindness have to use other clues to recognize people.
D. It's easy to see the effect this would have on your social skills and confidence.
E. These are much less effective ways to recognize someone.
F. There are tests you can take to get an idea about your face-recognizing abilities.
G. They actually can see faces.
D
What happens when you want to go from one place to another, but there's water in the way？That's the problem people faced for hundreds of years in the area that is now New York City. In the city, there is a natural canal called the Narrows, separating Brooklyn on one side from Staten Island on the other.
But the Narrows isn't really so narrow. The water is almost a mile wide, and it's more than 100 feet deep. ①______ When they wanted to talk to each other, they climbed into their boats and sailed across.
By the late 1800s, circumstances had changed dramatically. Population growth meant there were now many people needing to travel between Staten Island and Brooklyn for work. ②______
Between 1888 and 1920 there were two major efforts to build a train tunnel to connect the areas. ③______ Proposals to build a connecting bridge made during the 1910s also ended in failure due to opposition from the US Navy.
Finally, after World War II, there were so many people living in New York City that leaders decided Brooklyn and Staten Island needed a direct connection. Since tunnels were too expensive, they decided to build a bridge. The design selected had two separate roadways stacked on top of each other. ④______ Construction, which took five years, was completed in 1964 and cost $320 million. Today about 190,000 cars and trucks cross the bridge every day.
⑤______ But in the case of the Narrows, figuring out a good solution took hundreds of years.
A. Sometimes getting from one place to another is easy.
B. Both were quickly abandoned however due to the high costs involved.
C. Neither road was large enough to satisfy the existing transport demands.
D. It was anticipated that the new train system would help the areas grow even faster.
E. Taking a boat every time was very slow, expensive and, in bad weather, unreliable.
F. Both would hang in the air from thick steel cables, supported by two giant steel towers.
G. For a long time that wasn't a problem, because only a few people lived in Brooklyn and Staten Island.
E
It's easy to stick to eating the same foods every day, especially if you love them. ①_____
Eating the same foods can lead to nutritional shortage. Our bodies need a wide range of nutrients, and eating a wide variety of foods can help us meet our bodies' needs. ②_____ Almost everyone would agree that "eating the rainbow" is a good rule of thumb. Don't forget frozen vegetables are just as healthy as the fresh ones and that they don't spoil quickly.
Your immune system(免疫系统) will get hurt if you keep eating the same foods. According to a study published in the British Journal of Nutrition, the enhanced nutrition from varied diets seems to boost immunity. ③_____ People whose diets have little variation are more likely to get sick due to a weakened immune system.
Sticking to eating the same foods leads to food boredom. ④_____ It should be something you look forward to. Changing what you eat exposes you to great new foods and new recipes, and helps bring back the fun in eating.
⑤_____ We see a lot of people focus on a single nutrient or food because it attracts media fame. And while all foods are to be celebrated for their unique nutritional quality, assigning yourself to a limited list of foods because they are the most well-known or well described will box you in and close you off from various other vital nutrients.
A. Food should be fun!
B. This helps people resist infections.
C. But it may not be the best thing for your health.
D. You should eat a plant-based diet and eat less meat.
E. Eating the same foods restricts your nutritional sources.
F. Though tasty, they can't provide the nutrition you need.
G. Eat the colors of the rainbow when it comes to fruit and vegetables.
答案以及解析
A
答案：①-⑤FCBDG
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了应对不确定性的建议。
①由文章标题"Advice For Dealing With Uncertainty (应对不确定性的建议)"和下文各段小标题"Reflect on yourself. (反思自己)"，"Reach out for help. (寻求帮助)"和"Don't try to make sense of things too soon. (不要试图过早地理解事情)"可知，文章介绍了应对不确定性的建议，承接上下文，F选项"以下提示可能会有所帮助"切题。故选F项。
②由小标题"Reflect on yourself. (反思自己)"和下文"What matters is just that you find time to pause and take stock in the midst of a crisis. (重要的是，你要在危机中抽出时间停下来进行评估)"可知，对于应对不确定性，作者建议之一——反思自己，反思重要的是，你要在危机中抽出时间停下来进行评估，可得出如何反思并不重要，承接上下文，C选项"你如何反思并不重要"切题。故选C项。
③该空选取小标题，需总结下文。由下文"Find some things you want to do — things that take your mind off your worries during uncertain times. Maybe for you it's baking a pie or organizing a closet or conquering a video game. Whatever it is, think about what feels meaningful or gives you a sense of accomplishment and do that. (找一些你想做的事情——在不确定的时候，让你忘记烦恼的事情。也许对你来说，这是烤馅饼、整理壁橱或征服电子游戏。不管是什么，想想什么感觉有意义或给你成就感，然后去做)"可知，对于应对不确定性，作者建议之一——找到让自己忘记烦恼的东西，承接下文，B选项"找到你当天的'最佳礼物'"切题，选项中"best gift"指的是让人忘记烦恼的东西。故选B项。
④由下文"you'll think you're in a ditch by yourself (你会认为你一个人在沟里)"是主句可知，该空是一个从句，再结合下文"So, call, video-chat or text with a friend; join an online community; or even go old-school and write a letter. (所以，和朋友打电话、视频聊天或发短信；加入在线社区；或者甚至去老派写封信)"作者建议如何与人联系沟通的方法，可得出该空讲如果你不和别人说话的情况，承接下文，D选项"如果你不和别人说话"切题。故选D项。
⑤由上文"So the last tip is more about what we should not do than what we should do. (因此，最后一条建议更多的是关于我们不应该做什么，而不是我们应该做什么)"可知，该空承接上文讲作者认为应该做的事情有哪些，G选项"相反，花时间充电，腾出精力去做有意义的好事"切题。故选G项。
B
答案：①-⑤DGFAE
解析：①联系下文题。根据下文Give sincere thanks to others.（真诚向别人道谢）、Keep a gratitude journal.（写感恩日记）可知下文是在讲述如何培养感恩。D项"这里有一些练习， 你可以练习来增加感激之情。"符合语境。故选D。
②联系上文题。根据上文When someone goes above and beyond or does something to make your day easier, be quick to speak out your thanks and appreciation.（当有人做了一些让你的一天更轻松的事情时， 要迅速地表达你的感谢和感激。）可知， 此处描述这样做的好处。G项"它不仅会让人感觉良好， 也会给你一个快乐的提升。"符合语境。故选G。
③联系上文题。根据上文Keep a gratitude journal.（写感恩日记。）可知此处是说如何写感恩日记。F项"养成习惯， 定期记下你要感谢的事情。"符合语境。故选F。
④联系下文题。根据下文Write a thoughtful letter of gratitude expressing what the person did, how it affected you, and what it still means to you.（写一封体贴的感谢信， 表达对方所做的事， 这件事对你的影响， 以及这件事对你的意义。）可知此处是指写感谢信。A项"写一封感谢信。"符合语境。故选A。
⑤联系上文题。根据上Find the positive in a negative event from your past.（从过去的消极事件中找到积极的一面。）可知此处是指如何寻找积极的一面。E项"即使是最痛苦的情况也能给我们积极的教训。"符合语境。故选E。
C
答案：①-⑤GCEBD
解析：①G．联系上文题．根据前文The term 'face blindness' isn't exactly accurate though．可知"脸盲"这个词并不完全准确．G项：They actually can see faces．他们实际上可以看到面孔．符合文意，故选G．
②C．文章衔接题．根据后文 These clues include the way they sound （their voice or accent）, the way they look （body size, shape or height）可知这些线索包括他们的发音方式（它们的声音或口音），他们的外表（身体大小、形状或高度）、等等．C项：Those with face blindness have to use other clues to recognize people．那些有脸盲的人必须使用其他线索来识别人．符合文意，故选C．
③E．语境辨析题．根据后文Because they're not always unique to one person and they can change. This is why face blindness can cause so much stress．可知因为脸盲并不总是一个人独有的，而且是可以改变的．这就是为什么脸盲会引起如此大的压力的原因．E项：These are much less effective ways to recognize someone．有一些识别人的低效的方法．符合语境，故选E．
④B．理解判断题．根据前文But imagine if you didn't know whether the person approaching you is a friend or a stranger．可知但是想象一下，如果你不知道靠近你的人是朋友还是陌生人．B项：Do you say hello or just keep on walking？你打招呼还是继续走路？符合文意，故选B．
⑤D．联系上文题．根据上文Or imagine not being able to find the teacher when you need to use the toilet, because your teacher wears glasses and none of the adults in the room are wearing glasses today．可知或者想象一下，当你需要上厕所的时候找不到老师，因为你的老师戴着眼镜，而今天房间里没有一个成年人戴着眼镜。D项：It's easy to see the effect this would have on your social skills and confidence．很容易看出这会对你的社交技巧和自信产生什么影响．符合文意，故选D。
D
答案：①-⑤ GEBFA
解析：①根据下文When they wanted to talk to each other, they climbed into their boats and sailed across. 当他们想要彼此交谈时，他们就爬上他们的船，航行过去。可知在很长一段时间里，这都不是问题，因为只有少数人住在布鲁克林和斯塔滕岛。故选G。
②根据上文Population growth meant there were now many people needing to travel between Staten Island and Brooklyn for work. 人口增长意味着现在有很多人需要往返于斯塔顿岛和布鲁克林之间去工作。可推测下文指出之前的交通方式的问题是：每次坐船都很慢，很贵，而且在恶劣的天气里，靠不住。故选E。
③根据上文Proposals to build a connecting bridge made during the 1910s also ended in failure due to opposition from the US Navy. 由于美国海军的反对，上世纪10年代建造连接桥梁的提议也以失败告终。可推理上文提到的方式并没有成功，并解释了原因：由于涉及的成本很高，这两家公司都很快被放弃了。故选B。
④根据上文The design selected had two separate roadways stacked on top of each other. 选定的设计有两条独立的道路堆叠在一起。可知下文继续说明：它们都将悬挂在厚厚的钢缆上，由两座巨大的钢塔支撑。故选F。
⑤根据下文But in the case of the Narrows, figuring out a good solution took hundreds of years. 但就Narrows的情况而言，找出一个好的解决方案花了几百年的时间。根据but可知上文与下文意思相反：有时候从一个地方到另一个地方很容易。故选A。
E
答案：CGBAE
解析：①根据空前一句"坚持每天吃同样的食物是容易的，尤其是当你喜欢它们时"和第二段第一句"吃同样的食物会导致营养不足"可知，空处与前一句应该会形成转折，讲到坚持每天吃同样的食物的不足，故C项符合语境。
②根据空后一句中的"eating the rainbow"可知，空处应该已经提到了与"eating the rainbow"相关的内容，故G项符合语境。
③空前一句讲到了吃多样的食物似乎会增强免疫力，而空后一句讲到了饮食不怎么变化的人更容易生病，因此空处承上启下，应该会讲到吃多样食物的好处，故B项符合语境。
④空前一句讲到了坚持吃同样的食物会让人觉得厌烦，而空后一句讲到了"这"应是你盼望的事物，因此，空处讲到的应该与"boredom"的意思相反，A项中的"fun"与之呼应，空后的It指代A项中的Food，故A项符合语境。
⑤根据本段中的"will box you in and close you off from various other vital nutrients"可知，单一食物会把你和其他重要的营养阻隔开来，故E项"吃同样的食物会限制你的营养来源"适合作本段的主旨句。
