单元十三 情态动词和虚拟语气（精讲案）——2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】
一、can & could
1.表示能力，但could主要指过去的能力。表示"过去有能力做成某事"时通常用was/were able to。
The little boy can speak two foreign languages.
这个小男孩会讲两种外语。
Could the girl read before she went to school
这个女孩上学前识字吗
Everyone was able to escape when the fire broke out.
起火的时候大家都能逃生。
2.表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上，并不涉及此事真的发生)，常译为"往往会，有时候可能会"，常用于肯定句中。
Although you can find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap place to shop.
虽然你有可能在伦敦买到便宜的东西，但通常而言这不是个买便宜东西的地方。
3.表示请求和允许。在问句中could语气比can要委婉。
Could I have a word with you It won't take long.
我能和你说句话吗 不会占用你很长时间。
You can go back home now.
你现在可以回家了。
4.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
How can you be so careless
你怎么能这么粗心
5.表示推测，常用于否定句和疑问句中，语气较强。
He can't be in the classroom; the light is not on.
他不可能在教室里;灯没亮。
Why are your eyes so red You can't have slept well last night.
你的眼睛为什么红红的 你昨天晚上一定没有睡好。
My favourite book is missing. Who could have taken it
我最喜欢的书丢了，谁会把它拿走呢
6.cannot/can never...too/enough...表示"再……也不为过"。
You can never be too careful when driving a car.
开车的时候你再怎么小心都不为过。
7. can not but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示"不得不/只好做某事"。
You cannot choose but go with me.
你只能跟我走。
二、 may & might
1.表示请求、允许、许可，might比may语气委婉。
You may use my bike.
你可以用我的自行车。
2.表示推测，常用于陈述句中，语气比较弱，把握性不大。might语气比may还要弱。
We might be going to Spain on holiday this year.
今年我们或许会去西班牙度假。
3.may/might as well+动词原形，意为"最好，倒不如……"。
You may/might as well do it at once.
你最好立刻开始做。
4.may well+动词原形，意为"完全能，很可能"。
He may well be late for class.
他上课很可能迟到。
5.may用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。
May you return in safety.祝你安全归来。
三、 must
1.表示主观上的"必须，应该"，其否定形式mustn't表示禁止。对比：have to表示客观上的"不得不"，可用于各种时态。
以must开头的问句，其否定回答用needn't或don't have to。
—Must I clean the dining room at once
—No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to.
——我必须马上打扫餐厅吗
——不，你不必。
Students mustn't play with mobile phones in class.
学生课上不准玩手机。
I had lost my key, so I had to wait outdoors.
我丢了钥匙，所以不得不在门外等。
2.表示"非要，偏要"做某事，表达出说话者的一种不满情绪。
—Can I smoke here
—No. Go to the smoking section, if you must.
——我能在这里抽烟吗
——不能，如果你非要抽烟的话，就去吸烟区吧。
Why must you be talking so loudly when others are sleeping
别人都在睡觉，为什么你偏要这么大声说话
3.表示对具体事情的推测，意为 "一定，肯定"，语气较强，只用于肯定句中。
Since nobody gave him any help, he must have done the research on his own.
既然没有人给他任何帮助，那他一定是独自完成的这项研究。
四、shall
1.用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等;此外，颁布法律、规定时也用shall。
You shall do as your father says.
你要按照你父亲说的那样做。
One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.
我们规定中的其中一项是:每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。
Each party shall respect the articles of this contract.
任何一方都要尊重合同的条款。
2.用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方指示。
Shall the man standing outside have a try
站在门外的那个人可以试试吗
五、 should & ought to
1.表示义务，常意为"应该"，用于各种人称。ought to的语气比should强烈。
Parents should/ought to take good care of their babies.
父母应该照看好他们的孩子。
2.should表示推测，意为"可能，(按道理)应该"，多指对未来合乎理想的情况或结果的一种期盼。
It's nearly 8 o'clock. He should be here at the moment.
快八点钟了。此刻他应该在这儿了。
3.should表示惊讶、意外等，意为"竟然，居然"。
You should wear slippers in the classroom.
你竟然在教室里穿着拖鞋。
4.用在if条件句中，should表示可能性很小的一种虚拟语气。
If I should see him, I would tell him the news.
如果我见到他，我就告诉他这个消息。
六、 will & would
1.用于各种人称，表示主语的意愿和意志
例：He will take you home.
他愿意送你回家。
2.用于第二人称的一般疑问句，表示请求
例：Will/Would you go with me
你愿意和我一起去吗？
3.will用来叙述目前的习惯；would表示过去的习惯
例：He would get up early when he lived in the country.
他住在乡下时总是早起。
七、 need & dare
1.实义动词
有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中，构成否定句或疑问句时要用助动词do，does，did。
2.情态动词
没有人称和数的变化(dare可以有过去式dared)，直接接动词原形，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，构成否定句和疑问句时不用助动词。
3.另外，dare作情态动词时，还可用于条件句中；作实义动词时，dare用于疑问句或否定句，后面的to也可省略；I dare say是习惯说法，意为"我想，我认为"
八、"情态动词+have done"用法
1.could have done的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中couldn't have done 多用于语气强烈的否定，意为"过去不可能做过"。could have done在肯定句中表示"本来能做但却没做"。
The accident could have been avoided; the driver couldn't have slowed down.
这事故本来是可以避免的；司机肯定没减速。
2.may/might have done 表示对过去行为的推测，意为"可能做过"。might 所表示的可能性比较弱，此外might have done 还可表示"本可能做而实际上未做"，含有轻微的责备语气。
You might have given him more help, though you were busy with your work.
你本来可以给他更多的帮助，尽管你工作很忙。
3.must have done 表示对过去行为的推测，意为"一定，想必做过"，语气十分肯定。
It must have rained last night, as the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。
4.should/ought to have done 用于肯定句时，表示"本该做某事而实际上未做"；用于否定句时，则表示"不该做某事反而做了"。
—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You should have made full preparations.
——对不起，妈妈，我这次工作面试又失败了。
——噢，太糟糕了。你本来应该进行充分准备的。
5.needn't have done表示"本来不必做某事而实际上却做了"。
I actually needn't have bought so much food—only three people came.
我实际上不必买这么多食物——只有三个人来了。
6.had better have done 用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为"当时最好做了某事"。
I had better have started earlier.
我要是早点起程就好了。
7.would rather have done sth.表示"宁愿当时做某事"，其否定形式would rather not have done sth.表达相反的含义，两者都含有"后悔"之意。
I would rather have taken his advice.
我宁愿当时接受了他的建议。
8.would like/love to have done sth.表示"过去愿意做某事但未做成"。
I would love to have gone to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish my report.
我昨天晚上本想去参加聚会，但我不得不加班写完报告。
九、 几组易混情态(助)动词
1)would & used to
would 表示过去反复的动作，常与every day，often frequently等连用
例：When he was abroad，he would often read as many books as possible.
在国外时，他总是尽可能多地读书。
used to表示过去的状态、习惯，但现在已经不存在
例：She doesn't get up so early as she used to.
她不像以前那样起得那么早了。
2)could & was able to & could have done
①could 表示过去的能力，但不代表是否做
例：He could ride a bicycle at the age of 5.
五岁时他就会骑自行车了。
②was able to 表示过去有能力并且成功地做了，相当于managed to do sth.
例：The fire spread very quickly but everyone was able to get out.
火蔓延很快，但大家都成功地逃了出来。
③could have done 过去本有能力做某事，但没有做
3)must & have to
must多表示由于主观需要或责任感而有必要、有义务去做某事，意为：必须
例：I must clean the room because it is too dirty.
由于房间太脏了我必须打扫。
have to表示为客观条件、环境所迫而做某事，意为：不得不
例：He has to leave school because he can't afford his schooling.
因为他付不起学费，所以不得不辍学。
4)didn't need to do & needn't have done
didn't need to do过去没必要做某事，不强调是否做
例：I didn't get up that early yesterday，for I didn't need to.
昨天我没那么早起床，因为没必要。
needn't have done 过去没必要做某事，但做了
例：I needn't have got up that early yesterday but I had to because the dog barked all the time.
昨天我本不必那么早起床，但是由于狗一直叫，所以我不得不起床。
5)can't，won't，don't/doesn't
The window won't open.这扇窗户怎么都打不开。(强调动作实施者执意要打开)
The window can't open.这扇窗户打不开。(这扇窗户原来设计时就不能打开，是固定死的)
The window doesn't open.这扇窗户开不开。(强调这扇窗户是坏的，存在质量问题)
虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中
从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句
过去式(be动词用were) would/should/ could/might 动词原形 If I were you, I would seize the chance. 如果我是你，我就会抓住这个机会。
had+过去式 would/should/could/ might have+过去分词 If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会失败。
①过去式 ②should +动词原形 ③were to+动词原形 would/should/ could/might+动词原形 If he shouldn't come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting. 如果他明天不来，我们就推迟这个会议。
使用虚拟语气条件句时要注意的几点：
1.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，这种句子被称为"错综时间条件句"，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整
例：If you had followed my advice you would be better now.
如果你听了我的建议，你现在就好一些了。(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反)
2.在if引导的非真实条件从句中，谓语动词含were，had，should，可将if省略，但需将were，had，should提到主语之前
例：If I were at school again, I would study harder. → Were I at school again, I would study harder.
如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。
3.有时假设的条件并不总是通过if引导的条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些词、短语或上下文中，此种句子为"含蓄条件句"，常见的词或短语有：without，in case，but for，for fear that，otherwise等
例：Without your help, we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.
= But for your help, ...
=If it had not been for your help, ...
=Had it not been for your help, ...
没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
4.even if，even though也可用于虚拟语气，其引导的从句的形式与if从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同
二、虚拟语气在wish，if only(=how I wish)，as if后的从句中
条件 从句谓语形式 例句
从句谓语动作与主句谓语动作同时发生 过去式(be动词用were) If only/How I wish I were a flying bird! 我多希望我是一只会飞的鸟儿啊！ He looks as if he were an artist. 他看上去好像是名艺术家。
从句谓语动作先于主句谓语动作发生 had+过去分词 If only I had seen the film! =How I wish I had seen the film! 我要是看过那部电影该多好啊！ She speaks English so fluently as if she had stayed in America for a long time. 她说英语如此流利，好像她在美国待过很长时间似的。
从句谓语动作后于主句谓语动作发生 would+动词原形 He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A. 他如此努力学习英语，就好像他要去美国。
注意：
当句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生的或存在的事实时，as if从句要用陈述语气。
例：It seems as if it is going to rain.
天似乎要下雨。
He walks as if he is drunk.
他走起路来像是醉了。
三、虚拟语气用在主句含"坚持、命令、建议、要求"的名词性从句
类别 名词性从句谓语动词形式 例句
一坚持：insist should+动词原形(should可以省略) He suggested that we(should)start off early the next day. His suggestion was that we(should)start off early the next day.他建议我们第二天早点出发。 It was suggested that we(should)start off early the next day. 人们建议我们第二天早点出发。
二命令：order，command
四建议：advise，suggest， propose，recommend
四要求：require，request， demand，ask
注意：suggest作"暗示，表明"讲，insist作"坚持说"讲，后面宾语从句的谓语动词不使用虚拟语气形式(should+动词原形)，而使用陈述语气。
例：The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
他脸上的微笑暗示着他对我们的工作很满意。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
那个人坚持说他从来没有偷过钱。
四、虚拟语气用在"would rather + that从句"中
条件 从句谓语形式 例句
对现在或将来的虚拟 过去式(be用were) I'd rather they didn't hear of the news.我宁愿他们没有听到这个消息。
对过去的虚拟 had+过去分词 I'd rather I had not told him the bad news. 我宁愿没有告诉过他那个坏消息。
六、虚拟语气用在"It is necessary等+that从句"中
在"It is necessary/important/vital/surprising/strange/natural/a pity/essential等+that从句"中，that从句的谓语动词用"should+动词原形"，should可以省略。should表示感彩，意为：竟然。
例：It is strange that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.
那个会议竟然被推迟到下周，真奇怪。
It is a pity that you (should) have to leave.
真遗憾你非得走。
七、虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中
由in case，for fear that，in order that，so that等引导的目的状语从句，其谓语动词用"could/should/might/would+动词原形"表示虚拟。
例：They left early for fear that they would meet him.
他们动身很早以免和他碰面。
I gave you a map so that you wouldn't get lost!
我怕你迷路，给过你一张地图！
典例剖析
1. It's eleven o'clock already. ______ you watch the movie at such a late hour
A. Can B. Must C. May D. Shall
2. Don't worry, please! All payments ______be made by the end of the year.
A. will B. shall C. can D. must
3. Betty ______ in the next room. I can hear her talking there.
A. must be B. can be C. should be D. may be
4. He is a warm-hearted manager, but he _____ be very tactless sometimes.
A. should B. will C. can D. must
5. I still remember my happy childhood, when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland on weekends.
A. should B. would C. might D. must
6. They made a bet which _____ settle their argument.
A. will B. would C. must D. ought to
7. You _____ be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
A. may B. might C. must D. could
8. —What are you doing this Saturday？
—I'm not sure, but I _____ go to the Rolling Stones concert.
A. will B. may C. must D. should
9. Zhang Guimei a famous moral model, ________ a better life, but caring for neither, she devoted herself to changing the fates of children in the mountains.
A. could have enjoyed B. may enjoy
C. must have enjoyed D. can enjoy
10. Catherine would rather that she _____ the pain instead of her baby. We can't imagine how upset she was.
A. took B. had taken C. should take D. would have taken
11. The workers were not better organized, otherwise, they _____ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
12. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _____ it
A. did B. have done C. had done D. would have done
13. —Do you have Betty's phone number？
—Yes. Otherwise, I _____ able to reach her yesterday.
A. weren't B. hadn't been
C. couldn't be D. wouldn't have been
14. If I hadn't been faced with so many barriers, I _____ where I am.
A. won't be B. wouldn't have been
C. wouldn't be D. shouldn't have been
15. We often hear that children wish they _____ grown-ups, and that old people wish to be young.
A. had been B. were C. will be D. can be
答案以及解析
1.答案：B
解析：考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：已经11点了。这么晚了，你一定要看电影吗？A. Can能，可以；B. Must必须，一定，偏要；C. May可以，可能；D. Shall(表示说话人的允诺、命令、决心等，用于陈述句的第二、三人称)必须，应，可。情态动词must可以表示坚持或固执，表达"偏要，偏偏"符合语境。故选B项。
2.答案：B
解析：考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：请别担心！所有款项应在年底前付清。A. will愿意；B. shall应该；C. can能够；D. must必须。根据"All payments"和"be made by the end of the year"可知，此处表示向对方允诺，所有款项应在年底前付清。故填B。
3.答案：A
解析：考查情态动词表推测。句意：Betty肯定在隔壁，我能听到她说话。A. must be肯定是；B. can be可能是；C. should be应该是；D. may be或许是。根据下文"I can hear her talking there."可知，此处表示肯定的推测，应用must be,故选A。
4.答案：C
解析：考查情态动词。句意:他是个热心的经理，但他有时可能很不讲方式方法。A. should 应该; B. will 将要; C. can能，可能; D. must 必须。由"He is a warm-hearted manager"和"be very tactless sometimes" 可知，空格处用can表示"可能会"表可能性、推测。故选C。
5.答案：B
解析：考查情态动词。句意：我依然记得我快乐的童年，那时妈妈总是周末带我去迪士尼乐园。根据childhood及on weekends 可知，此处表示过去常常去迪士尼乐园，would有"过去常常"的含义，符合语境。
6.答案：B
解析：考查情态动词。句意：他们打了个赌，以解决他们的争论。A.will将要；B.would将会；C.must必须；D.ought to应该。此处表示可能和推测，应用would。故选B。
7.答案：C
解析：考查情态动词用法。句意：你一定是卡罗尔。这么多年你一点儿都没变。根据语境可知，此处应该用情态动词表示推测，由下文"这么多年你一点儿也没变"可推知，此处为非常肯定的猜测，may/might表示不太肯定的推测，could表推测一般不用于肯定句，must意为"一定，肯定"。故选C。
8.答案：B
解析：考查情态动词。句意：—你这个周六做什么？—我不确定，但是我或许会去滚石演唱会。根据答语的前半句I'm not sure我不确定可知，空格处应填表示"可能，或许"意思的词语，A. will将会；B. may或许，可能；C. must一定，肯定；D. should 应当，应该，表示责任。故选B。
9.答案：A
解析：句意：张桂梅，一位著名的道德模范，本可以享受更好的生活，但两者她都不关心，她致力于改变山区儿童的命运。根据情态动词的用法，表示"原本……"用could have +过去分词，A项"could have enjoyed(本能够享受)"与句子表达的含义一致。故选：A。
10.答案：B
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：凯瑟琳宁愿自己受苦而不愿宝宝受苦。我们难以想象她多么难受。would rather后面接从句时应用虚拟语气。根据后句中的she was可知，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，would rather从句谓语动词应用"had +过去分词"。故选B。
11.答案：D
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。从otherwise可知，后句用的是虚拟语气。根据上句the workers were not better organized 可知，是对过去事情的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设，If从句谓语用过去完成时，主句谓语用should/would/could/might +have done。故选D。
12.答案：C
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意: 是约翰打坏的窗户, 你为什么和我说话好像是我打坏的一样。第一句用的强调句型, 说明是约翰打坏的窗户, 不是我打坏的, 所以第二句中 as if后面要用虚拟语气, 根据上句话, 这是对过去的虚拟, 要用had done, 故选C。
13.答案：D
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：—你有贝蒂的电话号码吗 —有，否则我昨天就联系不上她了。此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个含蓄条件状语从句，由yesterday可知，本句对过去进行虚拟，I _____ able to reach her yesterday,这是主句，谓语要用 would/could/should/might +have done。故选D。
14.答案：C
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。根据句意，此句是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后的where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用 would/could/might/should+do。故选C。
15.答案：B
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我们经常听到孩子们希望长大，而老人希望年轻。wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气。空格处是对现在情况的虚拟，用过去时。故选B。(共61张PPT)
单元十三
情态动词和虚拟语气
01
情态动词
CONTENT
目录大纲
虚拟语气
02
03
典例剖析
Let’s go
情态动词
PART ONE
考点一 can & could
1.表示能力，但could主要指过去的能力。表示“过去有能力做成某事”时通常用was/were able to。
The little boy can speak two foreign languages.
这个小男孩会讲两种外语。
Could the girl read before she went to school
这个女孩上学前识字吗
Everyone was able to escape when the fire broke out.
起火的时候大家都能逃生。
2.表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上，并不涉及此事真的发生),常译为“往往会,有时候可能会”，常用于肯定句中。
Although you can find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap place to shop.
虽然你有可能在伦敦买到便宜的东西，但通常而言这不是个买便宜东西的地方。
3.表示请求和允许。在问句中could语气比can要委婉。
Could I have a word with you It won't take long.
我能和你说句话吗？不会占用你很长时间。
You can go back home now.
你现在可以回家了。
4.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
How can you be so careless
你怎么能这么粗心
5.表示推测,常用于否定句和疑问句中,语气较强。
He can’t be in the classroom; the light is not on.
他不可能在教室里;灯没亮。
Why are your eyes so red You can’t have slept well last night.
你的眼睛为什么红红的 你昨天晚上一定没有睡好。
My favourite book is missing. Who could have taken it
我最喜欢的书丢了,谁会把它拿走呢
6.cannot/can never...too/enough...表示“再……也不为过”。
You can never be too careful when driving a car.
开车的时候你再怎么小心都不为过。
7.cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不/只好做某事”。
You cannot choose but go with me.
你只能跟我走。
考点二 may & might
1.表示请求、允许、许可,might比may语气委婉。
You may use my bike.
你可以用我的自行车。
2.表示推测,常用于陈述句中,语气比较弱,把握性不大。might语气比may还要弱。
We might be going to Spain on holiday this year.
今年我们或许会去西班牙度假。
3.may/might as well+动词原形,意为“最好，倒不如……”。
You may/might as well do it at once.
你最好立刻开始做。
4.may well+动词原形,意为“完全能,很可能”。
He may well be late for class.
他上课很可能迟到。
5.may用于祈使句中,表示祝愿。
May you return in safety.祝你安全归来。
考点三 must
1.表示主观上的“必须,应该”,其否定形式mustn’t表示禁止。对比:have to表示客观上的“不得不”，可用于各种时态。
以must开头的问句,其否定回答用needn't或don't have to。
—Must I clean the dining room at once 我必须马上打扫餐厅吗
—No, you needn't./No, you don't have to. 不,你不必。
Students mustn't play with mobile phones in class.
学生课上不准玩手机。
I had lost my key, so I had to wait outdoors.
我丢了钥匙,所以不得不在门外等。
2.表示“非要,偏要”做某事,表达出说话者的一种不满情绪。
—Can I smoke here
—No. Go to the smoking section, if you must.
——我能在这里抽烟吗
——不能,如果你非要抽烟的话,就去吸烟区吧。
Why must you be talking so loudly when others are sleeping
别人都在睡觉,为什么你偏要这么大声说话
3.表示对具体事情的推测,意为 “一定，肯定”，语气较强，只用于肯定句中。
Since nobody gave him any help, he must have done the research on his own.
既然没有人给他任何帮助,那他一定是独自完成的这项研究。
1.用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等；此外,颁布法律、规定时也用shall。
You shall do as your father says. 你要按照你父亲说的那样做。
One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.
我们规定中的其中一项是:每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。
Each party shall respect the articles of this contract.
任何一方都要尊重合同的条款。
考点四 shall
考点五 should & ought to
1.表示义务,常意为“应该”,用于各种人称。ought to的语气比should强烈。
Parents should/ought to take good care of their babies.
父母应该照看好他们的孩子。
2.should表示推测，意为“可能，(按道理)应该”,多指对未来合乎理想的情况或结果的一种期盼。
It’s nearly 8 o'clock. He should be here at the moment.
快八点钟了。此刻他应该在这儿了。
3.should表示惊讶、意外等,意为“竟然,居然”。
You should wear slippers in the classroom.
你竟然在教室里穿着拖鞋。
4.用在if条件句中,should表示可能性很小的一种虚拟语气。
If I should see him, I would tell him the news.
如果我见到他，我就告诉他这个消息。
考点六 will & would
1.用于各种人称，表示主语的意愿和意志
He will take you home. 他愿意送你回家。
2.用于第二人称的一般疑问句，表示请求
Will/Would you go with me？ 你愿意和我一起去吗？
3.will用来叙述目前的习惯；would表示过去的习惯
He would get up early when he lived in the country.
他住在乡下时总是早起。
考点七 need & dare
1.实义动词
有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中，构成否定句或疑问句时要用助动词do，does，did。
2.情态动词
没有人称和数的变化（dare可以有过去式dared），直接接动词原形，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，构成否定句和疑问句时不用助动词。
3.另外，dare作情态动词时，还可用于条件句中；作实义动词时，dare用于疑问句或否定句，后面的to也可省略；I dare say是习惯说法，意为“我想，我认为”。
考点八 “情态动词+have done”用法
1.could have done的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中couldn't have done多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“过去不可能做过”。could have done在肯定句中表示“本来能做但却没做”。
The accident could have been avoided; the driver couldn’t have slowed down.
这事故本来是可以避免的;司机肯定没减速。
2.may/might have done 表示对过去行为的推测,意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，此外might have done 还可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”，含有轻微的责备语气。
You might have given him more help, though you were busy with your work.
你本来可以给他更多的帮助,尽管你工作很忙。
3.must have done 表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定,想必做过”，语气十分肯定。
It must have rained last night, as the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面是湿的。
4.should/ought to have done 用于肯定句时，表示“本该做某事而实际上未做”；用于否定句时，则表示“不该做某事反而做了”。
—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You should have made full preparations.
——对不起，妈妈，我这次工作面试又失败了。
——噢，太糟糕了。你本来应该进行充分准备的。
5.needn’t have done表示“本来不必做某事而实际上却做了”。
I actually needn’t have bought so much food—only three people came.
我实际上不必买这么多食物——只有三个人来了。
6.had better have done 用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”。
I had better have started earlier.
我要是早点起程就好了。
7.would rather have done sth.表示“宁愿当时做某事”，其否定形式would rather not have done sth.表达相反的含义，两者都含有“后悔”之意。
I would rather have taken his advice.
我宁愿当时接受了他的建议。
8.would like/love to have done sth.表示“过去愿意做某事但未做成”。
I would love to have gone to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish my report.
我昨天晚上本想去参加聚会，但我不得不加班写完报告。
考点九 几组易混情态（助）动词
1.would & used to
would 表示过去反复的动作，常与every day，often frequently等连用
When he was abroad，he would often read as many books as possible.
在国外时，他总是尽可能多地读书。
used to表示过去的状态、习惯，但现在已经不存在
She doesn't get up so early as she used to.
她不像以前那样起得那么早了。
2. could & was able to & could have done
①could 表示过去的能力，但不代表是否做
He could ride a bicycle at the age of 5.
五岁时他就会骑自行车了。
②was able to 表示过去有能力并且成功地做了，相当于managed to do sth.
The fire spread very quickly but everyone was able to get out.
火蔓延很快，但大家都成功地逃了出来。
③could have done 过去本有能力做某事，但没有做
3. must & have to
must多表示由于主观需要或责任感而有必要、有义务去做某事，意为：必须
I must clean the room because it is too dirty.
由于房间太脏了我必须打扫。
have to表示为客观条件、环境所迫而做某事，意为：不得不
He has to leave school because he can't afford his schooling.
因为他付不起学费，所以不得不辍学。
4. didn't need to do & needn't have done
didn't need to do过去没必要做某事，不强调是否做
I didn't get up that early yesterday, for I didn't need to.
昨天我没那么早起床，因为没必要。
needn't have done 过去没必要做某事，但做了
I needn't have got up that early yesterday but I had to because the dog barked all the time.
昨天我本不必那么早起床，但是由于狗一直叫，所以我不得不起床。
Let’s go
虚拟语气
PART TWO
一、虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中
从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句
与现在事实相反 过去式（be动词用were） would/should/ could/might 动词原形 If I were you，I would seize the chance.如果我是你，我就会抓住这个机会。
与过去事实相反 had+过去式 would/should/ could/might have+过去分词 If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't have failed.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会失败。
与将来事实相反 ①过去式 ②should +动 词原形 ③were to+h 词原形 would/should/ could/might 动词原形 If he shouldn't come tomorrow，we would put off the meeting.
如果他明天不来，我们就推迟这个会议。
使用虚拟语气条件句时要注意的几点：
1.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，这种句子被称为“错综时间条件句"，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整
例：If you had followed my advice you would be better now.
如果你听了我的建议，你现在就好一些了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）
2.在if引导的非真实条件从句中，谓语动词含were，had，should，可将if省略，但需将were，had，should提到主语之前
例：If I were at school again，I would study harder.→Were I at school again，I would study harder.
如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。
3.有时假设的条件并不总是通过if引导的条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些词、短语或上下文中，此种句子为“含蓄条件句”，常见的词或短语有：without，in case，but for，for fear that，otherwise等
例：Without your help，we couldn't
have finished the work ahead of time.
= But for your help，...
=If it had not been for your help，...
=Had it not been for your help，...
没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
4.even if，even though也可用于虚拟语气，其引导的从句的形式与if从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同
二、虚拟语气在wish，if only(=how I wish)，as if后的从句中
条件 从句谓语形式 例句
从句谓语动作与主句谓语动作同时发生 过去式（be动词用were） If only/How I wish I were a flying bird！我多希望我是一只会飞的鸟儿啊！
He looks as if he were an artist.他看上去好像是名艺术家。
从句谓语动作先于主句谓语动作发生 had+过去分词 If only I had seen the film！
=How I wish I had seen the film！我要是看过那部电影该多好啊！
She speaks English so fluently as if she had stayed in America for a long time.
她说英语如此流利，好像她在美国待过很长时间似的。
从句谓语动作后于主句谓语动作发生 would+动词原形 He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A.
他如此努力学习英语，就好像他要去美国。
注意：
当句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生的或存在的事实时，as if从句要用陈述语气。
It seems as if it is going to rain.
天似乎要下雨。
He walks as if he is drunk.
他走起路来像是醉了。
三、虚拟语气用在主句含“坚持、命令、建议、要求”的名词性从句
类别 名词性从句谓语动词形式 例句
一坚持：insist should+动词原形（should可以省略） He suggested that we（should）start off early the next day.
His suggestion was that we（should）start off early the next day.
他建议我们第二天早点出发。
It was suggested that we（should）start off early the next day.人们建议我们第二天早点出发。
二命令：order, command 四建议：advise, suggest, propose, recommend 四要求：require, request, demand, ask
注意：suggest作“暗示，表明”讲，insist作“坚持说”讲，后面宾语从句的谓语动词不使用虚拟语气形式（should+动词原形），而使用陈述语气。
例：
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
他脸上的微笑暗示着他对我们的工作很满意。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
那个人坚持说他从来没有偷过钱。
四、虚拟语气用在“would rather+that从句”中
条件 从句谓语形式 例句
对现在或将来的虚拟 过去式（be用were） I'd rather they didn't hear of the news.
我宁愿他们没有听到这个消息。
对过去的虚拟 had+过去分词 I'd rather I had not told him the bad news.
我宁愿没有告诉过他那个坏消息。
五、虚拟语气用在“It is (high) time + that从句”中
that从句谓语形式：过去式或should+动词原形，且should不能省略
例句：
It is（high）time that you went/should go to school.
你们该去上学了。
六、虚拟语气用在“It is necessary等+that从句”中
在“It is necessary/ important/ vital/ surprising/ strange/ natural/ a pity/ essential等+that从句”中，that从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。should表示感彩，意为：竟然。
It is strange that the meeting（should）be put off till next week.
那个会议竟然被推迟到下周，真奇怪。
It is a pity that you（should）have to leave.
真遗憾你非得走。
七、虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中
They left early for fear that they would meet him.
他们动身很早以免和他碰面。
I gave you a map so that you wouldn't get lost!
我怕你迷路，给过你一张地图！
由in case，for fear that，in order that，so that等引导的目的状语从句，其谓语动词用“could/should/might/would+动词原形”表示虚拟。
Let’s go
典例剖析
PART THREE
1. It's eleven o'clock already. ______ you watch the movie at such a late hour
A. Can B. Must C. May D. Shall
答案：B
解析：考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：已经11点了。这么晚了，你一定要看电影吗？A. Can能，可以；B. Must必须，一定，偏要；C. May可以，可能；D. Shall(表示说话人的允诺、命令、决心等，用于陈述句的第二、三人称)必须，应，可。情态动词must可以表示坚持或固执，表达"偏要，偏偏"符合语境。故选B项。
2. Don't worry, please! All payments ______be made by the end of the year.
A. will B. shall C. can D. must
答案：B
解析：考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：请别担心！所有款项应在年底前付清。A. will愿意；B. shall应该；C. can能够；D. must必须。根据"All payments"和"be made by the end of the year"可知，此处表示向对方允诺，所有款项应在年底前付清。故填B。
3. Betty ______ in the next room. I can hear her talking there.
must be B. can be
C. should be D. may be
答案：A
解析：考查情态动词表推测。句意：Betty肯定在隔壁，我能听到她说话。A. must be肯定是；B. can be可能是；C. should be应该是；D. may be或许是。根据下文"I can hear her talking there."可知，此处表示肯定的推测，应用must be,故选A。
4. He is a warm-hearted manager, but he _____ be very tactless sometimes.
A. should B. will C. can D. must
答案：C
解析：考查情态动词。句意:他是个热心的经理，但他有时可能很不讲方式方法。A. should 应该; B. will 将要; C. can能，可能; D. must 必须。由"He is a warm-hearted manager"和"be very tactless sometimes" 可知，空格处用can表示"可能会"表可能性、推测。故选C。
5. I still remember my happy childhood, when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland on weekends.
A. should B. would C. might D. must
答案：B
解析：考查情态动词。句意：我依然记得我快乐的童年，那时妈妈总是周末带我去迪士尼乐园。根据childhood及on weekends 可知，此处表示过去常常去迪士尼乐园，would有"过去常常"的含义，符合语境。
6. They made a bet which _____ settle their argument.
A. will B. would C. must D. ought to
答案：B
解析：考查情态动词。句意：他们打了个赌，以解决他们的争论。A. will将要；B. would将会；C. must必须；D. ought to应该。此处表示可能和推测，应用would。故选B。
7. You _____ be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
A. may B. might C. must D. could
答案：C
解析：考查情态动词用法。句意：你一定是卡罗尔。这么多年你一点儿都没变。根据语境可知，此处应该用情态动词表示推测，由下文"这么多年你一点儿也没变"可推知，此处为非常肯定的猜测，may/might表示不太肯定的推测，could表推测一般不用于肯定句，must意为"一定，肯定"。故选C。
8. —What are you doing this Saturday？
—I'm not sure, but I _____ go to the Rolling Stones concert.
A. will B. may C. must D. should
答案：B
解析：考查情态动词。句意：—你这个周六做什么？—我不确定，但是我或许会去滚石演唱会。根据答语的前半句I'm not sure我不确定可知，空格处应填表示"可能，或许"意思的词语，A. will将会；B. may或许，可能；C. must一定，肯定；D. should 应当，应该，表示责任。故选B。
9. Zhang Guimei a famous moral model, ________ a better life, but caring for neither, she devoted herself to changing the fates of children in the mountains.
A. could have enjoyed B. may enjoy
C. must have enjoyed D. can enjoy
答案：A
解析：句意：张桂梅，一位著名的道德模范，本可以享受更好的生活，但两者她都不关心，她致力于改变山区儿童的命运。根据情态动词的用法，表示"原本……"用could have +过去分词，A项"could have enjoyed(本能够享受)"与句子表达的含义一致。故选：A。
10. Catherine would rather that she _____ the pain instead of her baby. We can't imagine how upset she was.
took B. had taken
C. should take D. would have taken
答案：B
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：凯瑟琳宁愿自己受苦而不愿宝宝受苦。我们难以想象她多么难受。would rather后面接从句时应用虚拟语气。根据后句中的she was可知，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，would rather从句谓语动词应用"had +过去分词"。故选B。
11. The workers were not better organized, otherwise, they _____ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
答案：D
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。从otherwise可知，后句用的是虚拟语气。根据上句the workers were not better organized 可知，是对过去事情的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设，If从句谓语用过去完成时，主句谓语用should/would/could/might +have done。故选D。
12. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _____ it
did B. have done
C. had done D. would have done
答案：C
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意: 是约翰打坏的窗户, 你为什么和我说话好像是我打坏的一样。第一句用的强调句型, 说明是约翰打坏的窗户, 不是我打坏的, 所以第二句中 as if后面要用虚拟语气, 根据上句话, 这是对过去的虚拟, 要用had done, 故选C。
13. —Do you have Betty's phone number？
—Yes. Otherwise, I _____ able to reach her yesterday.
A. weren't B. hadn't been
C. couldn't be D. wouldn't have been
答案：D
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：—你有贝蒂的电话号码吗 —有，否则我昨天就联系不上她了。此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个含蓄条件状语从句，由yesterday可知，本句对过去进行虚拟，I _____ able to reach her yesterday,这是主句，谓语要用 would/could/should/might +have done。故选D。
14. If I hadn't been faced with so many barriers, I _____ where I am.
A. won't be B. wouldn't have been
C. wouldn't be D. shouldn't have been
答案：C
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。根据句意，此句是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后的where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用 would/could/might/should+do。故选C。
15. We often hear that children wish they _____ grown-ups, and that old people wish to be young.
A. had been B. were C. will be D. can be
答案：B
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我们经常听到孩子们希望长大，而老人希望年轻。wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气。空格处是对现在情况的虚拟，用过去时。故选B。
Thank you(共7张PPT)
单元十三
情态动词和虚拟语气
1. It used to be that you _____drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.
A. need B. should C. could D. must
答案：C
解析：考查情态动词。句意:过去你可能驱车数英里都看不到其他人,但现在到处都是房子和人。根据句意可知, 空处表示对过去可能性的推测,C项意为“可能”,符合语境。
2. Jim says we _____ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
A. must B. can C. need D. should
答案：B
解析：句意: 吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里, 只要我们保持干净整洁。A. must必须; B. can能, 可以; C. need需要; D. should应该。根据后面的"as long as we leave it clean and tidy"可知, Jim允许我们待在他的房子里, 即: 我们"能, 可以"待在他的房子里, 故选B。
3. I can’t find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
答案：D
解析：考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意:我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have done,再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知,此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词could,表示“可能”。故选D。
4. My room is a mess, but I _____ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the mornings.
A. mustn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. needn't
答案：D
解析：考查情态动词用法。句意: 房间虽然很乱但是在今晚我外出之前不需要打扫, 我可以明天上午再打扫。 由but表示转折可知, 不需要打扫, A. mustn't千万不能, 表示禁止; B. can't不能; C. shouldn't不应该D. needn't不必, 不需要, 故选D。
5. It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
答案：B
解析：句意:这真是令人生气的;我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t不愿意;couldn’t不能;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必。故选B。
Thank you单元十三 情态动词和虚拟语气（精准训练）——2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】
1. Jim says we _____ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
A. must B. can C. need D. should
2. The newly-released device is not well-received as expected. It _____ more practical and affordable.
A. must have been B. might have been
C. should have been D. should be
3. —Will you read me a story, Mummy
—OK. You _____ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
A. shall B. must C. may D. should
4. My room is a mess, but I _____ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A. mustn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. needn't
5. The magazine _____ Lucy's. We can see her name on the cover.
A. mustn't be B. can't be C. must be D. needn't be
6. If the new safety system _____ to use, the accident would not have happened.
A. were put B. had been put
C. would have put D. should have been put
7. Mr. Johnson's proposal was that we _____ the examination and ask the students to write term papers instead.
A. will cancel B. shall cancel C. can cancel D. cancel
8. It is strongly recommended that the machines ________ every year.
A. be checked B. are checked C. should check D. checked
9. _____ Xi Jinping said on the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it was essential that we _____ better tell China's stories and make China's voice heard.
A. As; must B. What; may C. As; should D. What; can
10. If my lawyer ________ here last Saturday, he ________me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
11. I advised that he ________ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he ________ quite well then.
A. was sent; felt B. be sent; was feeling
C. be sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel
12. If he had not gone out in the storm, he ________ alive now.
A. will be B. would be C. would have been D. is
13. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ___ badly wounded and that he ___ at once.
A. shouldn't be; be operated on B. were; must be operated on
C. was; should be operated D. was; be operated on
14. —_____ you give me a hand？I can't move the box by myself.
—No problem.
A. Could B. Should C. Must D. Need
15. —The girl became the first Chinese singer to stand on the famous international stage.
—She _____ put a lot of work into it.
A. must have B. should C. must D. should have
A
What to say to a rude person
As the British doctor Lord Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself becoming steadily annoyed. A woman had picked up her phone and began a loud conversation, ①______ would last an unbelievable hour. Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman. He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers.
②______ the train arrived at its destination, Winston got off and left quickly. He had enough of the woman's rudeness. But the press were now waiting for her on the platform. And when they gleefully showed her the Lord's messages, she used just one word to describe Winston's actions: rude.
Winston's tale is something of a microcosm of our age of increasing rudeness, ③______ (fuel)by social media (and, often politics).What can we do to fix this
Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly and virally, almost like the common cold. Just witnessing rudeness makes it far more likely ④______ we, in turn, will be rude later on. Once infected, we are more aggressive, ⑤______(creative) and worse at our jobs. The only way to end a conflicts to make a conscious decision to do so. We must have the courage to call it out, face to face. We must say," Just stop." For Winston, that would have meant ⑥______(approach) the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asked her to speak more quietly or make a call at ⑦_____ time.
The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger ⑧_____ drive us to do odd things. I surveyed 2,000 adults, three fourths of whom overreacted. The acts of revenge people had taken ⑨_______ (range) from the ridiculous("I rubbed fries on their wind-shield") to the disturbing ("I sabotaged them at work").Winston did shine on the woman's behavior—but from afar, in a way that shamed her.
We must instead combat rudeness head on. When we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something. If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out. We must defend strangers in the same way we'd defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude ⑩______.Because once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that conflict themselves. As this tide of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility.
B
The Power of Encouragement
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, the famous artist, was approached by an old man. The old man had some drawings, ①_______ he wanted Rossetti to look at and tell him if they were any good or at least showed potential talent.
Rossetti looked ②_______ (they) over carefully. They were worthless, ③_______ (show) not the least sign of artistic talent. But Rossetti was a kind man and he told the old man as gently ④_______ possible that the pictures were without much value and showed little talent. The visitor was ⑤_______ (disappoint), but seemed to expect Rossetti's judgment.
He then apologized for taking up Rossetti's time, but would he just look at a few more drawings done by ⑥_______ young art student Rossetti looked Over the second batch (批次) of ⑦_______ (drawing) and immediately became enthusiastic (很热情) over the talent they showed. He said. "These are good. This young student has great talent. He should ⑧_______ (give) every help and encouragement in his career as an artist. He will have a great future if he works hard and sticks to it. "
Rossetti could see that the old man was ⑨_______ (deep) moved. "Who is this young artist " he asked. "Your son " "No," said the old man sadly. "It is me, 40 years ago. If only I ⑩_______ (hear) your praise then! I got discouraged and gave up too soon.
答案以及解析
1.答案：B
解析：考查情态动词。句意：吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持干净整洁。A. must必须；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. should应该。根据后面的"as long as we leave it clean and tidy"可知，Jim允许我们待在他的房子里。即：我们"能，可以"待在他的房子里。故选B。
2.答案：C
解析：考查情态动词。句意：新发布的设备并没有像预期的那样受到好评。它本应该更实用、更实惠。A. must have been一定已经；B. might have been本可以是，可能已经；C. should have been本应该是；D. should be应该是。根据句意，此处考查 should have done 的结构，表示与预期相反，意为"本来应该做某事而实际上没有做"，新发布的设备本应该再实用点，再便宜点的，但是实际上却没有，所以也就得不到好评了。故选C。
3.答案：A
解析：考查情态动词用法。句意： —妈妈， 给我讲个故事好吗 —好， 如果你尽快睡觉， 我就给你讲一个。 shall用于二三人称， 表示说话人的意愿， 可表示命令、警告、强制、威胁或允诺等， 在此处表示"允诺"， 故选A。
4.答案：D
解析：考查情态动词用法。句意：房间虽然很乱，但是在今晚我外出之前不需要打扫，我可以明天上午再打扫。由but表示转折可知，不需要打扫，A. mustn't千万不能，表示禁止；B. can't不能；C. shouldn't不应该；D. needn't不必，不需要。故选D。
5.答案：C
解析：考查情态动词。句意：这本杂志一定是露西的。我们可以在封面上看到她的名字。mustn't禁止，不允许；can't不可能；must一定、必须；needn't不必。根据"We can see her name on the cover."可知，这本杂志属于露西，要用must be表示肯定推测。故选C。
6.答案：B
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意： 如果这个新的安全系统投入使用了， 这个事故就不会发生了。从主句the accident would not have happened判断， 这是对过去情况的虚拟， if 从句要用过去完成时； system与put to use是被动关系， 所以用过去完成时的被动语态， 故选B。
7.答案：D
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：约翰逊先生的提议是我们应该取消考试，让学生写学期论文。在proposal， suggestion， order， request， advice 等表示"建议、要求、命令"的名词后跟的表语从句和同位语从句，一般要使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用(should+)动词原形，should可以省略。故选D。
8.答案：A
解析：句意：药品应该每年被检查这一点被强烈的建议。此题考查虚拟语气，it is recommended that 从句中应使用虚拟语气，即(should)+do，而且药品与检查之间为被动关系，故答案为A。
9.答案：C
解析：关系代词as指代主句引弓|导非限制性定语从句，主句是主系表结构，it是形式主语，that引导主语从句，由于表语是essential (adj 必要的)，主语从句用虚拟语气，谓语为should do， 故选C
10.答案：A
解析：如果我的律师上周六在这里，他就会阻止我去了。此题考查虚拟语气。根据last Saturday可知是与过去相反的虚拟语气。与过去相反的虚拟语气中，从句动词用had done，主句用would/should/could/might have done。故选A。
11.答案：B
解析：advise后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气，(should)+动词原形；insist作"坚持认为"后接宾语从句要用陈述语序。句意：我建议立刻送他去医院，但是他认为自己相当好。
12.答案：B
解析：这是一个混合条件句，是虚拟语气，前一句话是对过去的假设(had not gone)，后一句话是对现在的假设(now)if条件句的虚拟有三种情况：对过去的虚拟，从句用had done，主句用could/would/might+have done对现在的虚拟，从句用did.主句用could/would/might+do；对将来的虚拟，从句用did/were to do/should+do，主句用could/would/might+do.在这里，如果后面没有now这个时间标志，就填C。故选B。
13.答案：C
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：医院里所有的医生都坚持认为他伤势严重，坚决主张应该立即给他动手术。insist表示"坚持认为、坚持说"时，其引导的从句，表示已经发生或已经存在的状态，用陈述语序：insist表示"坚决要求、坚决主张"时，从句用虚拟语气。第一个空格处指"坚持认为"，需用陈述语气，时态为一般过去时；第二个空格处指"坚决主张"需用虚拟语气should+动词原形，主语he 与动词operate之间为被动，需用被动语态。故选C项。
14.答案：A
解析：考查情态动词。句意：—你能帮我一下吗？我自己搬不动这个箱子。—没问题。根据I can't move the box by myself可知，我自己搬不动这个箱子，因此请求别人帮助，Could you do sth.表示委婉地请求。故选A。
15.答案：A
解析：考查情态动词。句意：—这个女孩成为了第一个登上著名国际舞台的中国歌手。—她一定投入了不少功夫。should have done 表示虚拟，意思是本应该做某事而实际上没有做，must have done表推测，意思是一定是做某事了，表示对过去事情有把握的肯定推测。故选A。
A
答案：which ； As soon as/When ； fueled/fuelled ； that ； less creative ； approaching ；another ；can ； ranged ； ourselves
解析：这是一篇说明文。作者主要通过这篇文章向我们描述了用粗鲁回应粗鲁只会更加糟糕，文明需要谦恭的礼貌。
①考查定语从句。句意：一位女士拿起电话，开始大声交谈，持续了一个令人难以置信的小时。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面的句子，关系词在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
②考查时间状语从句。句意：火车到达目的地时，温斯顿下了车，很快离开了。分析句子结构和结合前后语境可知，空处为时间状语从句的引导词，表示"当火车到达目的地，温斯顿下车后很多就离开了"，所以可以用when或者as soon as引导时间状语从句。故填As soon as/When。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：温斯顿的故事是我们这个时代越来越粗鲁的缩影，社交媒体(通常还包括政治)助长了这种粗鲁。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处需要非谓语动词作定语，非谓语动词fuel和修饰的名词之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填fueled/fuelled。
④考查名词性从句。句意：仅仅目睹粗鲁行为就更有可能使我们日后变得粗鲁。分析句子结构可知，makes后面的it为形式宾语，所以空处引导真正的宾语从句。宾语从句不缺成分，句意完整，所以用that引导。故填that。
⑤考查形容词的比较级。句意：一旦被感染，我们就会变得更具侵略性，创造力更低，工作也更糟糕。根据空前的more aggressive以及and后面的worse可知，空处需要形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，一旦被同化粗鲁的行为，我们的创造力就会更低。less creative"创造性较差的"。故填less creative。
⑥考查固定搭配。句意：对温斯顿来说，这意味着接近这位女士，告诉她她的谈话让其他乘客感到沮丧，并礼貌地请她说话小点声，或者在其他时间打电话。mean doing sth."意味着做某事"。动名词作mean的宾语。故填approaching。
⑦考查形容词。句意：对温斯顿来说，这意味着接近这位女士，告诉她她的谈话让其他乘客感到沮丧，并礼貌地请她说话小点声，或者在其他时间打电话。根据句意可知，我们需要告知这位女士说话小声点，或者在其他的时间打电话，空处需要形容词another"其他的"，作定语修饰后面的名词。故填another。
⑧考查情态动词。句意：我们对陌生人的粗鲁行为感到愤怒和不公正，这会驱使我们做一些奇怪的事情。根据句意可知，对陌生人的粗鲁行为感到愤怒和不公正会趋势人们做一些奇怪的事情，所以空处需要情态动词can"能，会"，表示脑力或体力方面的某种"能力"。和后面的动词drive共同构成句子的谓语部分。故填can。
⑨考查谓语动词。句意：人们所采取的报复行为从荒谬的("我在他们的挡风板上擦薯条")到令人不安的("在工作中我破坏了他们")。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词，句子描述过去做过的调查，所以时态为一般过去时态，空处需要动词的过去式。故填ranged。
⑩考查反身代词。句意：但是，我们可以优雅地做到这一点，处理它时不带一丝侵略性，我们自己也不粗鲁。根据句意可知，我们自己可以不带侵略性的去处理问题，变得不再粗鲁。所以空处需要反身代词呼应主语we。故填ourselves。
B
答案：①which②them③showing④as⑤disappointed⑥a⑦drawings⑧be given⑨deeply⑩had heard
解析：①考查从句引导词。本句为非限定性定语从句，先行词为some drawings。故用which。
②考查代词。空处代词指代some drawings作look over的宾语。故用them。
③考查非谓语。were是谓语动词，show做状语表伴随。故用showing。
④考查固定结构。as...as possible"尽可能"，是固定短语。故用as。
⑤考查形容词。本句为主系表结构，形容词作表语形容人的心理感觉，"感到失望的"。故用disappointed。
⑥考查冠词。young art student是单数可数名词且表泛指。故用a。
⑦考查名词单复数。second batch(批次) of 修饰名词复数。故用drawings。
⑧考查动词语态。主语he与give之间为动宾关系。故用be given。
⑨考查副词。副词修饰动词moved。故用deeply。
⑩考查虚拟语气。本句为if only对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态。故用had heard。
