单元八 介词(精讲案)——2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】
一、表示时间和日期的介词
1. in, on, at
in用在表示年份、季节、月份,或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名词前
on用在表示某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前
at用在表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点的名词前
例:We will have a meeting at 8 o'clock in the morning on Sunday.
我们将在星期天早上八点钟开会。
2. for, during, through
for后接"一段时间",表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用
during表示"在……期间"
through表示"一直……,自始至终"
例:The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds.
这个新来的男孩看了老师几秒钟。
I went to France during the summer holiday.
暑假期间我去了法国。
They worked hard through the winter.
整个冬天他们都在努力工作。
3. from, since
from表示时间的起点,意为"从……",多用于"from...to/ till..."中
since表示"自从……以来"
例:I have been waiting here from morning till noon.
我在这里从早上等到了中午。
Great changes have taken place in our school since Dec, 2015.
自从2015年12月以来,我们学校发生了很大变化。
注意:for和since都常与完成时连用,但for接时间段,since接时间点
如:for two hours (持续)两小时;
since last week 从上周直到现在
4. before, by, till/ until
before表示"在……之前",与after相对
by指"不迟于,到……时为止,在……以前",by后接过去时间时,常与过去完成时连用;by后接将来时间时,常与将来完成时连用
till/ until表示"直到……为止",在肯定句中,till/ until必须与延续性动词连用;在否定句中,till/ until常与非延续性动词连用
例:Please come before ten o'clock.
请在十点钟以前回来。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.
在9月30日之前,你必须支付账单。
You must wait for him till/ until tomorrow.
你必须一直等他到明天。
5. after, in
after+一段时间:表示"在……之后",用于一般过去时;但当after后跟时间点时,可用于各种时态
in+一段时间:表示以说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般将来时连用;但表示"在……之内"时,可用于各种时态
例:After eight it began to rain.
八点后开始下雨。
Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.
简很匆忙,因为去机场的火车半小时内就发车了。
二、方位介词
介词 意义 例句
in 在……之内 The students are reading in the classroom. 学生们在教室里读书。
on 在……上面 The boat is on the river. 那条船在河上。
over 在……(正)上方 There are several bridges over the river. 河上有好几座桥。
under 在……(正)下方 The boat sailed under the river. 船行驶在河上。
above 在……上方 The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云上飞行。
below 在……下方 The sun sinks below the horizon. 太阳沉没在地平线下。
by 在……旁边 Our house is by the river. 我们的房子在河边。
beside Come and sit beside me. 过来坐在我旁边。
near 在……附近 I don't need a car because I live near the city centre. 我不需要汽车,因为我住在靠近市中心。
next to 紧挨…… My best friend sits next to me in class. 上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。
behind 在……后面 Olive hid behind a tree. 奥列弗藏在一棵树后面.
before 在……之前 He made a speech before a large audience. 他在许多观众面前发表了讲话。
outside 在……外面 He parked his car outside the heater. 他把汽车停在剧场外面。
(a)round 围绕…… All sat around the table. 所有的人围绕着桌子坐。
三、表示计量的介词
1. at表示"以……速度,以……价格"
例:He bargained with the assistant, trying to get this bicycle at a low price.
他和店员讨价还价,试图便宜买下这辆自行车。
2. for表示"用……交换,以……为代价"
例:He sold his car for 500 dollars.
他以五百美元把车卖了。
3. by表示"按……计算",后跟度量单位。接具体单位时,该名词前用定冠词the;接具体度量名词时,该名词前不加冠词
例:They are paid by the day.
他们按天计算报酬。
四、表工具、手段、方式的介词
1. 表示出行方式的by, in, on
(1) by
① 不涉及交通工具的名词且名词前不带冠词、物主代词
例:by sea, by water, by land, by air
② 涉及交通工具的单数名词且该名词前不加冠词等修饰语
例:by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/ boat, by train, by spaceship
(2) in, on
① 当出行方式涉及特指的交通工具时,用on或in,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语
例:travel to New York on this plane, go to school in my car
② 步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on
例:on foot, on horseback/ on a horse, on a camel
2. with, in
(1) with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前,其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰
例:They are digging with a pick/ spade.
他们正用一把镐/铲挖。
(2) in后加原料、语言、钢笔、铅笔等;in后加大小写字母
例:Please answer me in English.
请用英语回答我。
Please write in capital letters.
请用大写字母写。
3. 注意以下固定短语
on/ over the telephone/ radio 通过电话/ 广播
in this/ that way 这样/ 那样
by this/ that means 用这/ 那种方式
with this/ that method 用这/ 那种方式
五、表示"除……之外"的介词
1. besides表示包含,"除……之外还有……"。except表示排除,"除……之外",指整体里面排除部分,后面可接代词、副词、介词短语,还可接that从句或wh-从句。
2. but表示排除,多与nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who等连用,其后可以接不定式。
3. except for表示"除……之外",常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加以修正。
4. apart from表示"此外,除……之外还有……"时,相当于besides/ as well as;表示"撇开……来说,除去"时,相当于except (for)。
5. in addition to表示"除……之外还有……",相当于besides。
例:Apart from going shopping, the old lady likes walking except when it rains.
天不下雨时,这位老太太除了购物还喜欢散步。
It is a beautiful city, except for its traffic.
除了交通问题,它是一座美丽的城市。
六、表示原因的介词
1. for表示原因,常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等词连用
例:The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.
史密斯夫妇因培养孩子的方式而受到了表扬。
2. at指情感变化的原因,意为"因听到或看到……而……"
例:He was surprised at the news.
他对这个消息感到吃惊。
3. from指"外在的原因",如受伤、车祸、劳累等
例:Suffering from overwork, she is out of shape.
由于工作过度,她健康状况不好。
4. of指"内在的原因",如疾病、饥饿、年老等
例:If they don't find enough bamboo, pandas will die of hunger.
如果找不到足够的竹子,熊猫会死于饥饿。
5. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因
例:He was trembling with cold.
他冷得发抖。
6. by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因
例:She took your umbrella by mistake.
她错拿了你的伞。
七、of和to
1. of + 抽象名词 = 形容词
(1) of + great/ much + 抽象名词 = very + 形容词
(2) of + no + 抽象名词 = not + 形容词
例:The book is of great value to our research.
这本书对我们的研究有很大价值。
This old machine is of no use.
这台旧机器没用了。
2. to + one's + 情感名词 = to the + 情感名词 + of sb.
例:To our great surprise, the boy lied to the teacher.
令我们非常吃惊的是,那个男孩对老师撒谎了。
To my great amusement, his false beard fell off.
使我感到极其好笑的是,他的假胡子掉下来了。
八、against的用法
1.(表示方向)与……方向相反;逆着;迎着;顶着。
例:against the wind 迎着风;逆着风
2.(表示方位)紧靠着……;倚靠着……。
例:against the wall 靠着墙
3.(表示对比)和……比;和……对照;以……为背景。
例:against the blue sky 以蓝天为背景
4.(表示对象)对……不利;对……有害;以……为竞争对手;违反;违背。
例:fight against 同……战斗;against the natural law 违背自然规律
It was a real race against time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.
完成这项工程的确是和时间的一场赛跑。幸运的是,我们做到了。
九、beyond的用法
1. 表示"(时间)过了,比……晚,迟于"。
例:They arrived beyond nine o'clock.
他们过了9点才到。
He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time.
他把那件事拖过了规定的时间。
2. 表示"(位置)在……的那边,在……以外"。
例:The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.
那个小村庄在离城20英里以外的地方。
The village is beyond the mountain.
村庄在山的那边。
These students came from beyond the seas.
这些学生来自海外。
3. 表示"(范围)超过,为……所不及"。
例:This book is beyond me.
这本书我看不懂。
He is living beyond his income.
他的生活入不敷出。
Her work is beyond praise.
她的工作令人赞不绝口。
Good health is beyond price.
健康的身体是无价之宝。
It was a case beyond the doctor's skill.
那位医生治不了这种病。
十、with的用法
1. 和……在一起,和,同,跟
例:Mr. and Mrs. Smith were there, with their three little children.
史密斯夫妇和他们三个年幼的孩子都在那儿。
2. 表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进,意为"随着"
例:With time passing by, they have grown into big boys.
随着时间的流逝,他们都长成大小伙子了。
3. 表示"带有",表伴随
例:The waiter arrived with a cup of coffee.
服务员端着一杯咖啡来了。
4. 表示某人的行为方式或某事的发生方式
例:The stranger spoke with a foreign accent.
那个陌生人说话带外国口音。
5. 指原因或理由
例:She was shivering with cold.
她冷得直发抖。
十一、常用介词短语
1. at
at lunch 在吃午饭
at table 在吃饭
at school 在上学
at peace 在和平时期
at first = at the beginning 起初
at the beginning of 在……的初始阶段
at the end of... 在……结束时
2. in
in a sense 从某种意义上说
in common 共同;共有
in place 在适当的位置
in practice 在实践中;实际上
in public 公开地;当众
in turn 依次;轮流;反过来
in case 以免;万一
in detail 详细地
in office 执政;在位
in power 当权;在执政
in progress 在进行中
in return 作为回报
in time 及时;最终
in the way 挡路
in exchange for 用以交换……
in favour of 同意;支持
in the meanwhile 同时
in spite of 不管;不顾
in terms of 就……来说
in addition to 此外;除……以外
3. on
on behalf of 代表
on condition that 以……作为条件
on sale 出售
on strike 在罢工
on the increase 正在增加
on the air 正在广播
on the contrary 相反
4. under
under control 在控制之中
under discussion 在讨论中
under development 在发展中
under construction 在建设中
under repair 在修理中
5. for
for lack of 由于缺乏
for the benefit of 为了……的利益
as for 就……而论;关于
6. by
by chance = by accident 偶然;碰巧
by name 凭名字;用……的名字
by far 到目前为止
7. out of
out of order 发生故障;失调
out of place 不得其所的;不适当的
out of control 失去控制
out of one's reach 某人够不着的地方
out of the question 不可能
out of question 毫无疑问
1. We still haven't got the sponsor ________ the fact that we've written to dozens of companies.
A. in charge B. in view of C. in spite of D. in favor of
2. —Zhen He was a Ming dynasty ________ that we Chinese people are proud of.
—I agree with you. He even succeeded ________ sailing to the east coast of Africa.
A. tourist; to B. philosopher; in C. inventor; to D. explorer; in
3. —Do you enjoy the dinner
—Yes. The whole meal was good and the wine ________ was excellent.
A. in common B. in total C. in particular D. in general
4. Most of the educators are ________ providing more freedom to the teenagers, as it may make them more creative and independent.
A. in favour of B. in search of C. in charge of D. in need of
5. The girl was determined to marry the young man she fell in love with, ________ her parents' disagreement.
A. by means of B. regardless of C. due to D. in favour of
6. Remember to spend some time ________ your loved ones, because they're not going to be around forever.
A. from B. with C. in D. on
7. Tom was born ________ London ________ May 1st, 1989.
A. in; in B. in; on C. on; in D. on; on
8. Favorable policies are ________ to encourage employees' professional development.
A. in effect B.in command C. in turn D. in shape
9. Please write ________ me and tell me ________ your new job.
A. to; about B. /; on C. to; in D. with; about
10. Look!The girl is dressing up ________ an old woman ________ a black coat.
A. as; in B. as; of C. in; as D. in; of
11. Modern women are energetic, ambitious, and most of all, persistent ________ their goal.
A. in pursuit of B.in return for C. in touch with D. in contrast to
12. From then on, we've kept in touch with each other ________ e-mails.
A. on B. through C. beyond D. against
13. ________ his hard work, he failed to complete his work as scheduled.
A. In spite B. Despite C. Although D. Regardless
14. The whole world seemed to be sleeping ________ Helen, who was too excited to fall asleep.
A. apart from B. besides C. away from D. ahead of
15. ________ leaving high school, Ernest Hemingway joined a local Kanas newspaper as a trainee reporter.
A. On B. At C. For D. In
答案以及解析
1.答案:C
解析:考查介词短语辨析。句意:尽管我们已经给几十家公司写了信,但仍然没有找到赞助商。A. in charge负责;B. in view of由于,鉴于;C. in spite of尽管,虽然;D. in favor of 支持。由语意可知,尽管给几十家公司写信,但是依然没有找到赞助商。故选C项。
2.答案:D
解析:考查名词词义辨析和介词。句意:——郑和是我们中国人引以为傲的明朝探险家。——我同意你的看法。他甚至成功地航行到了非洲东海岸。A. tourist; to游客,到;B. philosopher; in哲学家,在……中;C. inventor; to发明家,到;D. explorer; in探险家,在……中。结合语意以及常识,郑和航行到了非洲东海岸,他是一位探险家,所以第一空应用名词explorer, succeed in doing sth.为固定搭配,表示"成功做某事",所以第二空应用介词in。故选D项。
3.答案:C
解析:考查介词短语。句意:——你喜欢晚餐吗 ——是的。整顿饭都很好,特别是葡萄酒,非常棒。A. in common共有; B. in total总计; C. in particular特别,尤其; D. in general普遍地。根据句意可知,此处特指"尤其是葡萄酒",故选C。
4.答案:A
解析:考查介词短语辨析。句意:大多数教育家都赞成为青少年提供更多的自由,因为这可能会使他们更有创造力和独立性。A. in favour of支持,赞成;B.in search of搜寻;C.in charge of负责;D.in need of需要。根据"as it may make them more creative and independent"可知,这里应表示教育家都"赞成"给青少年更多的自由。故选A项。
5.答案:B
解析:考查介词短语辨析。句意:这个女孩不顾父母的反对,决心嫁给她爱上的那个年轻人。A.by means of用……的方法,凭借:B. regardless of不管,不顾:C. due to由于;D. in favour of支持。根据"The girl was determined to marry the young man she fell in love with,"可知,女孩不顾父母的反对,决心嫁给她爱上的人。故选B。
6.答案:B
解析:考查介词。句意:记得花些时间和你爱的人在一起,因为他们不会永远在你身边。A. from 从……,来自……;B. with和……,伴随……;C. in在……里面;D. on在……上面。根据句意可知,记得花时间"和"爱的人在一起,spend time with somebody表示"花费时间和某人在一起"。故选B。
7.答案:B
解析:考查介词。句意:1989年5月1日,汤姆出生在伦敦。在伦敦用介词in;在具体的一天用介词on。故选B。
8.答案:A
解析:考查介词短语。句意:好的政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A.in effect实际上;B.in command指挥;C.in turn轮流,依次;D.in shape在外形上,处于良好的状态。故选A。
9.答案:A
解析:考查介词。句意:请给我写信告诉我你新工作的事情。write to sb.给某人写信,tell sb. about sth.告诉某人有关于……事情。故选A。
10.答案:A
解析:考查介词。句意:看!这个女孩正在装扮成一个穿着黑色大衣的老太太。as作为;in穿着……颜色;of……的;dress up as打扮成……,是固定短语;in a black coat穿着黑大衣。故选A。
11.答案:A
解析:考查介词短语。句意:现代女性充满活力、有抱负,最重要的是坚持追求她们的目标。根据句意可知,此处用in pursuit of"追求"符合语境,A. in pursuit of追求;B. in return for 作为……回报;C. in touch with 保持联系;D. in contrast to与……对比鲜明。故选A。
12.答案:B
解析:考查介词词义辨析。句意:从那以后,我们一直通过电子邮件保持联系。A. on在……上,关于;B. through 通过;C. beyond超过;D. against反对。根据前文的"kept in touch"可知,是表达"通过电子邮件保持联系"之意。故选B项。
13.答案:B
解析:考查介词,句意:尽管他努力工作,但未能如期完成工作,A. In spite尽管(后面需要加of);B. Despite尽管;C. Although尽管;D. Regardless不管(后面常接of).根据"he failed to complete his work as scheduled"可知,尽管他努力工作,但是没能如期完工,横线后面为名词,所以空处需要介词despite"尽管",构成介词短语,在句中作状语。A和D项后面都需要接of;项后面接句子。故选B.
14.答案:A
解析:考查介词和介词短语辨析。句意:整个世界似乎都在睡觉,除了海伦,她太激动了以至于无法入睡。A. apart from除了……之外;B. besides此外:C. away from远离;D. ahead of在……之前。结合句意,根据前半句说"整个世界似乎都在睡觉"和修饰先行词Helen的定语从句,可知要表达的是"除了海伦,她太激动了以至于无法入睡"。besides表示"此外,除……之外(还)",包括宾语在内,不符合本题意思。故选A。
15.答案:A
解析:考查介词。句意:高中毕业后,欧内斯特·海明威加入了当地一家卡纳斯报纸,成为一名实习记者。A. On在……上;B. At在……;C. For为了;D. In在……里。分析可知,此处为固定句型on doing"一……就……"。故选A。(共59张PPT)
单元八
介词
知识精讲
一、表示时间和日期的介词
1. in, on, at
in用在表示年份、季节、月份,或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名词前
on用在表示某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前
at用在表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点的名词前
例:We will have a meeting at 8 o'clock in the morning on Sunday.
我们将在星期天早上八点钟开会。
2. for, during, through
for后接“一段时间”,表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用
during表示“在……期间”
through表示“一直……,自始至终”
一、表示时间和日期的介词
2. for, during, through
例:The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds.
这个新来的男孩看了老师几秒钟。
I went to France during the summer holiday.
暑假期间我去了法国。
They worked hard through the winter.
整个冬天他们都在努力工作。
一、表示时间和日期的介词
3. from, since
from表示时间的起点,意为“从……”,多用于“from...to/ till...”中
since表示“自从……以来”
例:I have been waiting here from morning till noon.
我在这里从早上等到了中午。
一、表示时间和日期的介词
3. from, since
Great changes have taken place in our school since Dec, 2015.
自从2015年12月以来,我们学校发生了很大变化。
注意:for和since都常与完成时连用,但for接时间段,since接时间点
如:for two hours (持续) 两小时
since last week 从上周直到现在
一、表示时间和日期的介词
4. before, by, till/ until
before表示“在……之前”,与after相对
by指“不迟于,到……时为止,在……以前”,by后接过去时间时,常与过去完成时连用;by后接将来时间时,常与将来完成时连用
till/ until表示“直到……为止”,在肯定句中,till/ until必须与延续性动词连用;在否定句中,till/ until常与非延续性动词连用
一、表示时间和日期的介词
4. before, by, till/ until
例:Please come before ten o'clock.
请在十点钟以前回来。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.
在9月30日之前,你必须支付账单。
You must wait for him till/ until tomorrow.
你必须一直等他到明天。
一、表示时间和日期的介词
5. after, in
after+一段时间:表示“在……之后”,用于一般过去时;但当after后跟时间点时,可用于各种时态
in+一段时间:表示以说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般将来时连用;但表示“在……之内”时,可用于各种时态
一、表示时间和日期的介词
5. after, in
例:After eight it began to rain.
八点后开始下雨。
Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.
简很匆忙,因为去机场的火车半小时内就发车了。
一、表示时间和日期的介词
二、方位介词
介词 意义 例句
in 在……之内 The students are reading in the classroom.
学生们在教师里读书。
on 在……上面 The boat is on the river.
那条船在河上。
over 在……(正)上方 There are several bridges over the river.
河上有好几座桥。
under 在……(正)下方 The boat sailed under the river.
船行驶在河上。
above 在……上方 The plane flew above the clouds.
飞机在云上飞行。
below 在……下方 The sun sinks below the horizon.
太阳沉没在地平线下。
by 在……旁边 Our house is by the river.
我们的房子在河边。
beside Come and sit beside me.
过来坐在我旁边。
二、方位介词
介词 意义 例句
near 在……附近 I don't need a car because I live near the city centre.
我不需要汽车,因为我住在靠近市中心。
next to 紧挨…… My best friend sits next to me in class.
上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。
behind 在……后面 Olive hid behind a tree.
奥列弗藏在一棵树后面.
before 在……之前 He made a speech before a large audience.
他在许多观众面前发表了讲话。
outside 在……外面 He parked his car outside the heater.
他把汽车停在剧场外面。
(a)round 围绕…… All sat around the table.
所有的人围绕着桌子坐。
1. at表示“以……速度,以……价格”
例:He bargained with the assistant, trying to get this bicycle at a low price.
他和店员讨价还价,试图便宜买下这辆自行车。
2. for表示“用……交换,以……为代价”
例:He sold his car for 500 dollars.
他以五百美元把车卖了。
三、表示计量的介词
3. by表示“按……计算”,后跟度量单位。接具体单位时,该名词前用定冠词the;接具体度量名词时,该名词前不加冠词
例:They are paid by the day.
他们按天计算报酬。
三、表示计量的介词
1. 表示出行方式的by, in, on
(1) by
① 不涉及交通工具的名词且名词前不带冠词、物主代词
例:by sea, by water, by land, by air
② 涉及交通工具的单数名词且该名词前不加冠词等修饰语
例:by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/ boat, by train, by spaceship
四、表工具、手段、方式的介词
1. 表示出行方式的by, in, on
(2) in, on
① 当出行方式涉及特指的交通工具时,用on或in,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语
例:travel to New York on this plane, go to school in my car
② 步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on
例:on foot, on horseback/ on a horse, on a camel
四、表工具、手段、方式的介词
2. with, in
(1) with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前,其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰
例:They are digging with a pick/ spade.
他们正用一把镐/铲挖。
(2) in后加原料、语言、钢笔、铅笔等;in后加大小写字母
例:Please answer me in English. 请用英语回答我。
Please write in capital letters. 请用大写字母写。
四、表工具、手段、方式的介词
3. 注意以下固定短语
on/ over the telephone/ radio 通过电话/ 广播
in this/ that way 这样/ 那样
by this/ that means 用这/ 那种方式
with this/ that method 用这/ 那种方式
四、表工具、手段、方式的介词
五、表示“除……之外”的介词
1. besides表示包含,“除……之外还有……”。except表示排除,“除……之外”,指整体里面排除部分,后面可接代词、副词、介词短语,还可接that从句或wh-从句。
2. but表示排除,多与nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who等连用,其后可以接不定式。
五、表示“除……之外”的介词
3. except for表示“除……之外”,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加以修正。
4. apart from表示“此外,除……之外还有……”时,相当于besides/ as well as;表示“撇开……来说,除去”时,相当于except (for)。
五、表示“除……之外”的介词
5. in addition to表示“除……之外还有……”,相当于besides。
例:Apart from going shopping, the old lady likes walking except when it rains.
天不下雨时,这位老太太除了购物还喜欢散步。
It is a beautiful city, except for its traffic.
除了交通问题,它是一座美丽的城市。
1. for表示原因,常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等词连用
例:The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.
史密斯夫妇因培养孩子的方式而受到了表扬。
2. at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到……而……”
例:He was surprised at the news. 他对这个消息感到吃惊。
六、表示原因的介词
3. from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等
例:Suffering from overwork, she is out of shape.
由于工作过度,她健康状况不好。
4. of指“内在的原因”,如疾病、饥饿、年老等
例:If they don't find enough bamboo, pandas will die of hunger.
如果找不到足够的竹子,熊猫会死于饥饿。
六、表示原因的介词
5. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因
例:He was trembling with cold.
他冷得发抖。
6. by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因
例:She took your umbrella by mistake.
她错拿了你的伞。
六、表示原因的介词
1. of + 抽象名词 = 形容词
(1) of + great/ much + 抽象名词 = very + 形容词
(2) of + no + 抽象名词 = not + 形容词
例:The book is of great value to our research.
这本书对我们的研究有很大价值。
This old machine is of no use.
这台旧机器没用了。
七、of 和 to
2. to + one's + 情感名词 = to the + 情感名词 + of sb.
例:To our great surprise, the boy lied to the teacher.
令我们非常吃惊的是,那个男孩对老师撒谎了。
To my great amusement, his false beard fell off.
使我感到极其好笑的是,他的假胡子掉下来了。
七、of 和 to
1.(表示方向)与……方向相反;逆着;迎着;顶着。
例:against the wind 迎着风;逆着风
2.(表示方位)紧靠着……;倚靠着……。
例:against the wall 靠着墙
3.(表示对比)和……比;和……对照;以……为背景。
例:against the blue sky 以蓝天为背景
八、against的用法
4.(表示对象)对……不利;对……有害;以……为竞争对手;违反;违背。
例:fight against 同……战斗;against the natural law 违背自然规律
It was a real race against time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.
完成这项工程的确是和时间的一场赛跑。幸运的是,我们做到了。
八、against的用法
1. 表示“(时间)过了,比……晚,迟于”。
例:They arrived beyond nine o'clock.
他们过了9点才到。
He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time.
他把那件事拖过了规定的时间。
九、beyond的用法
2. 表示“(位置)在……的那边,在……以外”。
例:The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.
那个小村庄在离城20英里以外的地方。
The village is beyond the mountain.
村庄在山的那边。
These students came from beyond the seas.
这些学生来自海外。
九、beyond的用法
3. 表示“(范围)超过,为……所不及”。
例:This book is beyond me. 这本书我看不懂。
He is living beyond his income. 他的生活入不敷出。
Her work is beyond praise. 她的工作令人赞不绝口。
Good health is beyond price.
健康的身体是无价之宝。
It was a case beyond the doctor's skill.
那位医生治不了这种病。
九、beyond的用法
1. 和……在一起,和,同,跟
例:Mr. and Mrs. Smith were there, with their three little children.
史密斯夫妇和他们三个年幼的孩子都在那儿。
2. 表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进,意为“随着”
例:With time passing by, they have grown into big boys.
随着时间的流逝,他们都长成大小伙子了。
十、with的用法
3. 表示“带有”,表伴随
例:The waiter arrived with a cup of coffee.
服务员端着一杯咖啡来了。
4. 表示某人的行为方式或某事的发生方式
例:The stranger spoke with a foreign accent.
那个陌生人说话带外国口音。
5. 指原因或理由
例:She was shivering with cold. 她冷得直发抖。
十、with的用法
1. at
at lunch 在吃午饭
at table 在吃饭
at school 在上学
at peace 在和平时期
at first = at the beginning 起初
at the beginning of 在……的初始阶段
at the end of... 在……结束时
十一、常用介词短语
2. in
in a sense 从某种意义上说
in common 共同;共有
in place 在适当的位置
in practice 在实践中;实际上
in public 公开地;当众
in turn 依次;轮流;反过来
in case 以免;万一
十一、常用介词短语
2. in
in detail 详细地
in office 执政;在位
in power 当权;在执政
in progress 在进行中
in return 作为回报
in time 及时;最终
in the way 挡路
十一、常用介词短语
2. in
in exchange for 用以交换……
in favour of 同意;支持
in the meanwhile 同时
in spite of 不管;不顾
in terms of 就……来说
in addition to 此外;除……以外
十一、常用介词短语
3. on
on behalf of 代表
on condition that 以……作为条件
on sale 出售
on strike 在罢工
on the increase 正在增加
on the air 正在广播
on the contrary 相反
十一、常用介词短语
4. under
under control 在控制之中
under discussion 在讨论中
under development 在发展中
under construction 在建设中
under repair 在修理中
十一、常用介词短语
5. for
for lack of 由于缺乏
for the benefit of 为了……的利益
as for 就……而论;关于
6. by
by chance = by accident 偶然;碰巧
by name 凭名字;用……的名字
by far 到目前为止
十一、常用介词短语
7. out of
out of order 发生故障;失调
out of place 不得其所的;不适当的
out of control 失去控制
out of one's reach 某人够不着的地方
out of the question 不可能
out of question 毫无疑问
十一、常用介词短语
典例剖析
1. We still haven't got the sponsor ________ the fact that we've written to dozens of companies.
in charge B. in view of
C. in spite of D. in favor of
答案:C
解析:考查介词短语辨析。句意:尽管我们已经给几十家公司写了信,但仍然没有找到赞助商。A. in charge负责;B. in view of由于,鉴于;C. in spite of尽管,虽然;D. in favor of 支持。由语意可知,尽管给几十家公司写信,但是依然没有找到赞助商。故选C项。
2. —Zhen He was a Ming dynasty ________ that we Chinese people are proud of.
—I agree with you. He even succeeded ________ sailing to the east coast of Africa.
tourist; to B. philosopher; in
C. inventor; to D. explorer; in
答案:D
解析:考查名词词义辨析和介词。句意:——郑和是我们中国人引以为傲的明朝探险家。——我同意你的看法。他甚至成功地航行到了非洲东海岸。A. tourist; to游客,到;B. philosopher; in哲学家,在……中;C. inventor; to发明家,到;D. explorer; in探险家,在……中。结合语意以及常识,郑和航行到了非洲东海岸,他是一位探险家,所以第一空应用名词explorer, succeed in doing sth.为固定搭配,表示"成功做某事",所以第二空应用介词in。故选D项。
3. —Do you enjoy the dinner
—Yes. The whole meal was good and the wine ________ was excellent.
in common B. in total
C. in particular D. in general
答案:C
解析:考查介词短语。句意:——你喜欢晚餐吗 ——是的。整顿饭都很好,特别是葡萄酒,非常棒。A. in common共有; B. in total总计; C. in particular特别,尤其; D. in general普遍地。根据句意可知,此处特指"尤其是葡萄酒",故选C。
4. Most of the educators are ________ providing more freedom to the teenagers, as it may make them more creative and independent.
in favour of B. in search of
C. in charge of D. in need of
答案:A
解析:考查介词短语辨析。句意:大多数教育家都赞成为青少年提供更多的自由,因为这可能会使他们更有创造力和独立性。A. in favour of支持,赞成;B.in search of搜寻;C.in charge of负责;D.in need of需要。根据"as it may make them more creative and independent"可知,这里应表示教育家都"赞成"给青少年更多的自由。故选A项。
5. The girl was determined to marry the young man she fell in love with, ________ her parents' disagreement.
by means of B. regardless of
C. due to D. in favour of
答案:B
解析:考查介词短语辨析。句意:这个女孩不顾父母的反对,决心嫁给她爱上的那个年轻人。A.by means of用……的方法,凭借:B. regardless of不管,不顾:C. due to由于;D. in favour of支持。根据"The girl was determined to marry the young man she fell in love with,"可知,女孩不顾父母的反对,决心嫁给她爱上的人。故选B。
6. Remember to spend some time ________ your loved ones, because they're not going to be around forever.
A. from B. with C. in D. on
答案:B
解析:考查介词。句意:记得花些时间和你爱的人在一起,因为他们不会永远在你身边。A. from 从……,来自……;B. with和……,伴随……;C. in在……里面;D. on在……上面。根据句意可知,记得花时间"和"爱的人在一起,spend time with somebody表示"花费时间和某人在一起"。故选B。
7. Tom was born ________ London ________ May 1st, 1989.
A. in; in B. in; on C. on; in D. on; on
答案:B
解析:考查介词。句意:1989年5月1日,汤姆出生在伦敦。在伦敦用介词in;在具体的一天用介词on。故选B。
8. Favorable policies are ________ to encourage employees' professional development.
in effect B.in command
C. in turn D. in shape
答案:A
解析:考查介词短语。句意:好的政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A.in effect实际上;B.in command指挥;C.in turn轮流,依次;D.in shape在外形上,处于良好的状态。故选A。
9. Please write ________ me and tell me ________ your new job.
to; about B. /; on
C. to; in D. with; about
答案:A
解析:考查介词。句意:请给我写信告诉我你新工作的事情。write to sb.给某人写信,tell sb. about sth.告诉某人有关于……事情。故选A。
10. Look!The girl is dressing up ________ an old woman ________ a black coat.
A. as; in B. as; of C. in; as D. in; of
答案:A
解析:考查介词。句意:看!这个女孩正在装扮成一个穿着黑色大衣的老太太。as作为;in穿着……颜色;of……的;dress up as打扮成……,是固定短语;in a black coat穿着黑大衣。故选A。
11. Modern women are energetic, ambitious, and most of all, persistent ________ their goal.
in pursuit of B.in return for
C. in touch with D. in contrast to
答案:A
解析:考查介词短语。句意:现代女性充满活力、有抱负,最重要的是坚持追求她们的目标。根据句意可知,此处用in pursuit of"追求"符合语境,A. in pursuit of追求;B. in return for 作为……回报;C. in touch with 保持联系;D. in contrast to与……对比鲜明。故选A。
12. From then on, we've kept in touch with each other ________ e-mails.
on B. through
C. beyond D. against
答案:B
解析:考查介词词义辨析。句意:从那以后,我们一直通过电子邮件保持联系。A. on在……上,关于;B. through 通过;C. beyond超过;D. against反对。根据前文的"kept in touch"可知,是表达"通过电子邮件保持联系"之意。故选B项。
13. ________ his hard work, he failed to complete his work as scheduled.
In spite B. Despite
C. Although D. Regardless
答案:B
解析:考查介词,句意:尽管他努力工作,但未能如期完成工作,A. In spite尽管(后面需要加of);B. Despite尽管;C. Although尽管;D. Regardless不管(后面常接of).根据"he failed to complete his work as scheduled"可知,尽管他努力工作,但是没能如期完工,横线后面为名词,所以空处需要介词despite"尽管",构成介词短语,在句中作状语。A和D项后面都需要接of;项后面接句子。故选B.
14. The whole world seemed to be sleeping ________ Helen, who was too excited to fall asleep.
apart from B. besides
C. away from D. ahead of
答案:A
解析:考查介词和介词短语辨析。句意:整个世界似乎都在睡觉,除了海伦,她太激动了以至于无法入睡。A. apart from除了……之外;B. besides此外:C. away from远离;D. ahead of在……之前。结合句意,根据前半句说"整个世界似乎都在睡觉"和修饰先行词Helen的定语从句,可知要表达的是"除了海伦,她太激动了以至于无法入睡"。besides表示"此外,除……之外(还)",包括宾语在内,不符合本题意思。故选A。
15. ________ leaving high school, Ernest Hemingway joined a local Kanas newspaper as a trainee reporter.
A. On B. At C. For D. In
答案:A
解析:考查介词。句意:高中毕业后,欧内斯特·海明威加入了当地一家卡纳斯报纸,成为一名实习记者。A. On在……上;B. At在……;C. For为了;D. In在……里。分析可知,此处为固定句型on doing"一……就……"。故选A。单元八 介词(精准训练)——2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】
1. ________ the public request, the government took some measures to reduce air pollution.
A. In addition to B. In response to C. In honor of D. In charge of
2. It is very kind ________ you________ help me with the homework.
A. of; for B. of; to C. for; to D. for; for
3. In the meeting yesterday, Mr. Smith submitted the application for higher pay ________ all the workers.
A. in absence of B. in favour of C. on behalf of D. in search of
4. He left his hometown for Canada last year ______ a better life.
A. in memory of B. in search of C. in favour of D. in control of
5. If you are in favour ______ the plan, please help us collect some information ______ your leisure.
A. of; in B. for; at C. of; at D. with; in
6. Mr. Green is a short man ______ long hair.
A. with B.in C. has D. grows
7. I'm far _____ and I'll never get this report done by Friday.
A. below surface B. beyond control
C. behind schedule D. above average
8. —Good morning, Mr. Lee's office.
—Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment ______next Wednesday afternoon.
A. for B. on C. in D. at
9. ______all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.
A. According to B. Instead of C. In addition to D. In spite of
10. Taking on this challenge will bring you ______someone who shares your interests.
A. in exchange for B.in answer to C.in contact with D.in memory of
11. She is proud that both her children have a talent ________ music.
A. in B. of C. for D. at
12. The necklace is assessed _____ 10,000 yuan.
A. at B. of C. with D. to
13. We appreciate very much that you have come to visit our city ________ the long and tiring journey.
A. because of B. instead of C. in case of D. in spite of
14. His best-known work that is ___ all praise can be seen in the museum.
A. with B. beyond C. without D. within
15. Let me take a minute to sum ________the main points of this discussion.
A. in B. with C. up D. of
A
Hangzhou will build a world-class ecological and cultural tourism corridor in connection with Anhui Province's Huangshan City. Five towns in Hangzhou's Chun'an County and five towns in Huangshan's Shexian County ①_____ (include) according to the prepared plan. In ancient times, they were part of Huizhou region where the Xin'an River runs through. Dating back to the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907), a trail ②_____ (link) Hangzhou's Tianmu Mountain and Huangshan's Yellow Mountain was formed to exchange goods ③_____ the two regions.
Over the years, Hangzhou and Huangshan ④_____ (preserve) their unique architecture and local ways of life in old villages, making this area popular with tourists. The villages have resisted the winds of change ⑤_____ swept across many other parts of China. In addition to architecture, also, the natural environment is being protected, with sewage(污水) ⑥_____ (treat) and new infrastructure being built.
These improvements are attracting more tourists and creating ⑦_____ engine for the local economy. Moreover, for those who love hiking, jogging or cycling, the Thousand Islands Lake in Chun'an County is an ideal destination ⑧_____ it boasts 1, 078 islands, winding roads and charming villages.
In ⑨_____ (add), Hangzhou will also increase forest coverage along the river in partnership with Huangshan, which perfectly matches President Xi Jinping's concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" to highlight a ⑩_____ (harmony) relationship between ecological protection and economic development.
B
Texas, the second most populous US state, embraced Lunar New Year celebrations last month, ①_____ were more fabulously than ever before, in places ranging ②_____ public libraries to children's museums, local bars and Asian restaurants in both big cities and some small towns.
Post Houston, a downtown entertainment and cultural center in the state's largest city, ③_____ (host)a massive Lunar New Year festival on Sunday with eye-catching performances, a carnivallike Asian pop-up market ④_____ (feature) food vendors, games, crafts and other cultural activities, as well as a grand party in the night. Lion and dragon dances, ⑤_____ (accompany) by the booming, rhythmic beating of drums and gongs, whipped up a festive atmosphere, gaining thunderous applause and cheers from ⑥_____ crowd of more than 1,000 spectators.
"We didn't have a lot of activities in the past. But ⑦_____ (thankful), times are changing" said Brooks. "It is a great representation of the culture... It's just a great way for people to accept it, respect it, ⑧_____ also embrace it." Getting into the spirit of Lunar New Year, the woman said her hope for the Year of the Rabbit is "health, happiness, prosperity and peace for everyone, and ⑨_____ (equal) for everybody and every culture. It's what everybody deserves ⑩_____ (have) in this world, in America and everywhere."
答案以及解析
1. 答案:B
解析:A. In addition to除……之外(还);B. In response to回答;响应; C. In honor of为纪念; D. In charge of负责;主管。根据句意"应公众的要求,政府采取了一些措施来减少空气污染。"空处意思应该是"回答;响应" , B项正确。故选B。
2. 答案:B
解析:第一空: It is +adj. + for sb. to do sth.句型常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词, 如easy , hard , difficult , interesting , impossible等; It is +adj.+ of sb. + to do sth.句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right等;此处是后者;第二空: it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式短语to help me with the homework。 B项正确。故选B。
3. 答案:C
解析:A.in absence of缺乏……; B.in favour of赞成; C. on behalf of代表; D.in search of寻找。根据句意"在昨天的会议上,史密斯先生代表全体工人提交了加薪申请。"空处意思应该是"代表", C项正确。故选C。
4. 答案:B
解析:考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:为了寻求更好的生活,他去年离开家乡到加拿大去了。A.in memory of纪念;B.in search of寻找;C.in favour of支持;D.in control of控制。根据空前"He left his hometown for Canada"可知,他离开家乡去加拿大是为了寻求更好的工作,所以空处需用介词短语in search of,故选B。
5. 答案:C
解析:第一空:in favour of赞成;支持,排除B、D项;第二空:at one's leisure在……有空的时候,排除A项,只有C项正确。故选C。
6. 答案:A
解析:考查介词。句意:Green先生个子很矮,有着一头长发。with有,带有;in在……里面;has有,动词;grows长大,成长。这里with long hair是介词短语作定语,修饰前面的名词man。故选A。
7. 答案:C
解析:A. below surface地表以下;B. beyond control无法控制;C. behind schedule落后于预定计划;D. above average高于平均水平。根据句中"I'll never get this report done by Friday"可知,我无法在星期五之前完成这份报告,由此可知,我远远落后于预定计划,"behind schedule"意为"落后于预定计划",符合语境。故选:C。
8. 答案:A
解析:考查介词。句意:一早上好,Lee先生办公室。一早上好。我想预约下周三下午。make an appointment for 意为"为……预约",是固定搭配。故选A。
9. 答案:D
解析:考查介词短语。句意:尽管存在所有这些问题,几个运动员还是表现很好。根据句意可知,前后是转折关系。A. acconding to根据,按照;B. instead of代替;C. in addition to 另外,除……之外;D. in spite of 尽管,不管。故选D。
10. 答案:C
解析:考查介词短语。句意:接受这个挑战会让你和与你有共同兴趣的人接触。根据空后someone who shares your interests及常识可知,此处指"和与你有共同兴趣的人接触"。A. in exchange for作为交换;B. in answer to回答;C. in contact with 接触,与……有联系;D. in memory of 纪念。故选C。
11. 答案:C
解析:考查介词辨析。句意:她为自己的两个孩子都有音乐天赋而感到自豪,A. in在……里面;B. of属于……的;C. for为了,关于;D. at在(某地或某时刻)。have a talent for对……有天赋,固定搭配。故选C。
12. 答案:A
解析:考查介词辨析。结合句意,这条项链估价一万元。assess和介词at 搭配,表示"给……估价"。故选A。
13. 答案:D
解析:考查介词短语辨析。in honor of为了纪念;in search of搜寻;in view of考虑到,由于;in spite of尽管,不顾。根据句意和各个选项含义可知答案。故选D。
14. 答案:B
解析:句意:在博物馆里可以看到他最著名的作品,这些作品都是无以伦比的。A有,B超出,C没有,D在……之内;beyond praise,固定搭配,无以伦比。故选B。
15.答案:C
解析:考查介词。句意:让我花一分钟总结一下这次讨论的要点。固定短语:sum up"总结;概述",结合空后"the main points of this discussion"可知,此处指对讨论的要点作总结。故选C。
A
答案:①are included②linking③between④have preserved/have been preserving⑤that/which⑥being treated⑦an⑧as/because/since/for⑨addition⑩harmonious
解析:①考查谓语动词。根据句意可知用被动语态,且主语为复数。
②考查非谓语动词。主语是trail"小路",所以是"路连接了两个地区"。因此要用现在分词表主动。
③考查介词。因为要表达"两地之间交换商品",所以用between。
④考查谓语动词。根据Over the years可知用现在完成时。又由于上下文没有限制是否一直持续进行,因此也可以用现在完成进行时。
⑤考查定语从句。此处需要用定语从句来限定修饰先行词 the winds of change。
⑥考查非谓语动词。根据and的并列关系以及上下文可知此处要用being treated。
⑦考查冠词。由于这里的engine是首次提到,因此用不定冠词泛指"一个"。
⑧考查引导词。根据句意,这里需要引导一个原因状语从句。
⑨考查词性转换。in addition意为"另外"。
⑩考查词性转换。此处修饰名词relationship,故要用harmony的形容词形式。
B
答案:①which②from③hosted④featuring⑤were accompanied⑥a⑦thankfully⑧and⑨equality⑩to have
解析:①句意为:美国人口第二多的德克萨斯州上个月庆祝了农历新年,这比以往任何时候都要让人难以置信。此处为非限定性定语从句,指代前面一整件事,因此用which作关系代词,在从句中做主语,故答案为which。
②句意为:……地方从公共图书馆到儿童博物馆,到当地酒吧和在大城市和小镇的亚洲餐馆。range from从……到……范围,故答案为from。
③句意为:Post Houston,这个州最大的城市的一个市中心娱乐和文化中心,举办了一个大型的农历年,此处host举办,是句子谓语,根据短文可知时态是一般过去时,故答案为hosted。
④句意为:……在星期日有吸引眼球的表演,一个狂欢节像亚洲以食品摊贩,游戏,工艺和其他文化活动以及晚上的大派对为特色的快闪集市,从on Sunday with到night,with表伴随,后面都是短语并列,feature以……为特色,此处作后置定语修饰market"市场",需要用动词ing形式,故答案为featuring。
⑤句意为:洪亮的有节凑的敲锣打鼓声伴着舞狮舞龙,此处accompany"伴随"动词,作谓语,和主语是被动关系,因此用一般过去时的被动语态,故答案为were accompanied。
⑥句意为:……激起了节日的气氛,获得了一群1000多旁观者的掌声和欢呼声,a crowd of一大群,许多,故答案为a。
⑦句意为:我们过去没有这样的活动。但是庆幸的是时代变了。此处用副词作状语,因此thankful感激的,要变副词,故答案为thankfully。
⑧句意为:这是人们接受它,尊重它以及拥抱它的好方法。此处表并列,故答案为and。
⑨句意为:进入到农历新年精神的这位女士说她兔年的希望是大家健康,快乐,富有和和平,同样地,这个希望也为每个文化,每一个人,此处用副词作状语,equal相同的,要变副词,故答案为 equally。
⑩句意为:这是在这个世界上,在美国,在各处每个人值得拥有的,deserve值得,后可跟to do作宾语,表"值得……",故答案为to have。(共10张PPT)
单元八
介词
1. Museums must compete _____ people's spare time and money with other amusements.
答案: for
解析:考查介词。compete for为固定短语, 意为“为了……竞争”。故填for。
2. Over time, the bags fall apart _________ countless tiny pieces, and fish cam accidentally eat some of them.
答案: into/to
解析:考查介词。句意:随着时间的推移,这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片,鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。fall apart into/to...为固定搭配,意为“分崩离析成……”,介词into/to可表示“进入……之中/变成……”。故填into/to。
3. Giant pandas also serve _____ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
答案: as
解析:考查介词。serve as为固定搭配,意为“起作用, 产生效果”。故填as。
4. First celebrated ______ 1970,the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).
答案: in
解析: 考查介词。句意:第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今,这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。
5. May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially _____ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
答案: by
解析:考查介词。从句中谓语动词的被动语态结构为was named by...,意为“由……命名”。故填by。
6. He flew 4,700 kilometers _____ Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20.
答案: from
解析:考查介词。“from...to...”为固定搭配, 意为“从……到……”。故填from。
7. The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山), more so _____ the familiar near side.
答案: than
解析:考查介词。根据空前的比较级“more so”可知,此处填介词than, 表示"比"。故填than。
8. Modern methods ________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
答案: of/for
解析:考查介词。a method of/for doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“做某事的方法”。故填of/for。
Thank you