《2024年高考英语名校真题二轮零失误规范训练》（湖南专用）
专题04 阅读理解七选五最新真题模拟16篇（干货+模拟）
解析版
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
七选五解题步骤
一、通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。
在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题有重要意义。
二、详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。
文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词，关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组）、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。
三、定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语。
根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。
四、通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
五、确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
七选五思维导图
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！
（2024·湖南·一模）If you have ever looked closely at the tires on your car, you have probably seen little hairs sticking out of the black rubber. 1 Are they there for any safety reasons Those little bits are one of the strange car features some people may stop to think about.
Located on the vertical part of the tire, these curious little rubber hairs are known as “vent spews (轮胎毛刺)”. They are crucial in the tire-making process. As the tread pattern mold (胎面花纹模具) is pressed into the tire’s rubber, the extra rubber requires a way to escape the mold. 2
Curiously, there’s no set number of hairs each tire will have. 3 But the presence of tire hairs is universal. They are nothing more than remnants (残余部分) of the complex process that makes strong and durable tires.
4 Because they are found on the part of the tire rubber that doesn’t hit the road, and they have no impact on how well your tire grips(抓牢) the pavement in rainy weather. These rubber hairs also don’t have any impact on road noise or why your tires squeak when you’re driving. They are merely evidence of the new tire’s arrival in the world.
Tire hairs are naturally worn away during normal driving, and the presence or absence of these hairs doesn’t determine if a tire is safe. There is one instance, however, where the lack of tire hairs can matter. 5 As a responsible car owner, you should monitor the health of your tires regularly.
A．Why do tires have hairs
B．Tire hairs don’t have any effect on safe driving.
C．Are there any other interesting facts about cars
D．They look funny, yet every new car tire has them.
E．It could be a sign that tires are worn, old and need to be replaced.
F．The exact number varies based on the design and size of the tires.
G．Because tiny-size escape vents are created throughout each mold, little tire hairs are born.
【答案】1．A 2．G 3．F 4．B 5．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了汽车轮胎上的轮胎毛刺的作用，它们并不影响轮胎的安全性能和操控性能。文章提醒读者要定期检查轮胎的健康状况。
1．根据后文“Are they there for any safety reasons Those little bits are one of the strange car features some people may stop to think about. (它们是出于安全考虑吗？这些小部件是一些人可能会停下来思考的奇怪汽车特征之一。)”可知，此处强调的一些人的疑问：汽车轮胎上伸出的黑色橡胶毛刺是出于安全考虑么？A选项“Why do tires have hairs ( 为什么轮胎有毛？)”与前文构成并列，提出“为什么轮胎有毛刺？”的问题，符合语境。故选A。
2．根据前文“As the tread pattern mold (胎面花纹模具) is pressed into the tire’s rubber, the extra rubber requires a way to escape the mold. (当胎面花纹模具被压入轮胎的橡胶时，多余的橡胶需要一种渗出模具的方法。)”可知，此处解释的是当花纹模具压入轮胎的橡胶时，多余的橡胶需要一种方式来渗出模具，即介绍了轮胎毛刺产生的过程。G选项“Because tiny-size escape vents are created throughout each mold, little tire hairs are born. (因为在每个模具中都有微小的排气口，所以小轮胎毛就产生了。)”承接前文，指出轮胎中微小的排气孔导致小轮胎毛刺产生，符合语境。故选G。
3．根据前文“Curiously, there’s no set number of hairs each tire will have. (奇怪的是，每个轮胎都没有固定数量的毛刺数量。)”可知，此处对每个轮胎的毛刺数量进行说明。F选项“The exact number varies based on the design and size of the tires. (确切的数字根据轮胎的设计和尺寸而有所不同。)”承接前文，指出确切的轮胎毛刺数量依据不同的轮胎的设计和尺寸不同，毛刺的数量也不同，该选项符语境，与上文保持话题一致。故选F。
4．本空置于段首，应该是本段的段旨。根据后文的“Because they are found on the part of the tire rubber that doesn’t hit the road, and they have no impact on how well your tire grips(抓牢) the pavement in rainy weather. (因为它们存在于轮胎橡胶中不与路面接触的部分，它们对雨天轮胎对路面的抓地力没有影响。)”可知，此处介绍了存在于轮胎橡胶中不与路面接触的部分，它们对雨天轮胎对路面的抓地力没有影响即轮胎上的小毛刺对于安全行驶并没有任何作用。B选项“Tire hairs don’t have any effect on safe driving. (轮胎毛刺对安全驾驶没有任何影响。)”概括本段段旨，符合语境。故选B。
5．根据前文“There is one instance, however, where the lack of tire hairs can matter. (然而，有一种情况下，缺乏轮胎毛可能会产生影响。)”以及后文“As a responsible car owner, you should monitor the health of your tires regularly. (作为一个负责任的车主，你应该定期监测轮胎的健康状况。)”可知，此处强调的是缺少轮胎上的小毛刺在一种情况下会产生影响。E选项“It could be a sign that tires are worn, old and need to be replaced. (这可能是一个迹象，轮胎磨损，老旧需要更换。)”承接前文，指出轮胎缺少小毛刺意味着轮胎磨损，老旧需要更换，由此与下文建议定期监测轮胎的健康状况，形成呼应。故该选项符合语境。故选E。
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）How to be more productive
Getting things done isn’t working all day at 100 miles an hour. 6 . And the following tips can definitely help you.
7
Smaller tasks like answering emails are “shallow work”. Try to be more conscious of what your shallow tasks are, and give yourself permission to block them out for a while so you can focus on the important tasks that require “deep work”.
Call it a day
For good productivity, be strict about when your working day is over, and when you get to the end of your planned work session, ease yourself into a more relaxed state. Look through your unfinished work. 8 . Then close that textbook or laptop and say something out loud like “Shutdown complete!” After that Have some fun. Give your mind the rest it’s earned.
Find your top level goal
9 . Find the big thing that we could call your life’s purpose, like inspiring others, or helping people in society. Put that at the top. On the next level you’ll have mid-level goals like passing an exam. The goals below-it-should all feed into your top-level. They’ll be smaller, more practical things — perhaps writing an email, or doing some research. If they don’t help with achieving your top goal, then get rid of them!
Make your breaks smarter
Time-management master Francesco Cirillo says that for every 25 minutes of intense concentration, you should take five off to do nothing at all, which gives the brain time to recover and keeps your productivity high. 10 . Move around, stare out of a window.
A．Shut out the shallow
B．Make out the shallow
C．Find some pictures of kittens and puppies first
D．Organise your priorities by making a pyramid of goals
E．In the five-minute breaks, don’t jump on your phone
F．Write a short plan of how you’ll tackle it tomorrow
G．Looking for ways to do less and get more done actually makes more sense
【答案】6．G 7．A 8．F 9．D 10．E
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了关于如何提高工作效率的实用建议和方法。
6．根据前文“Getting things done isn’t working all day at 100 miles an hour. (把事情做好不是整天以每小时100英里的速度工作。)”以及后文“And the following tips can definitely help you. (下面的建议绝对能帮到你。)”可知，G项“Looking for ways to do less and get more done actually makes more sense (寻找少做事、多成事的方法实际上更有意义)”承接上文，并引出本段主题，符合文意。故选G项。
7．分析设空，为本段小标题，根据后文“Smaller tasks like answering emails are “shallow work”. Try to be more conscious of what your shallow tasks are, and give yourself permission to block them out for a while so you can focus on the important tasks that require “deep work”. (像回复电子邮件这样的小任务则属于“浅层工作”。试着更清醒地认识到你的浅层任务是什么，并允许自己暂时把它们放在一边，这样你就可以专注于需要“深度工作”的重要任务 )”可知，本段主要讲述了把浅层任务放在一边，专注于主要工作，所以A项“Shut out the shallow (将浅层工作拒之门外)”为本段小标题。故选A项。
8．根据前文“For good productivity, be strict about when your working day is over, and when you get to the end of your planned work session, ease yourself into a more relaxed state. Look through your unfinished work. (为了提高效率，严格规定一天的工作时间，当你完成计划的工作时，让自己进入一个更放松的状态。检查一下你未完成的工作。)”可知，还有未完成的工作，再根据后文“Then close that textbook or laptop and say something out loud like “Shutdown complete!” After that Have some fun. Give your mind the rest it’s earned. (然后合上课本或笔记本电脑，大声说“停工完成!”之后呢 玩得开心点。让你的头脑得到应得的休息。)”可知，后文讲述开始休息，所以空处应是对未完成工作的安排，F项“Write a short plan of how you’ll tackle it tomorrow (写一份关于你明天如何处理它的简短计划)”符合文意，承接上文，引出下文。故选F项。
9．分析设空，位于段首，是本段中心句，根据本段小标题“Find your top level goal (找到你的最高目标)”以及后文“Find the big thing that we could call your life’s purpose, like inspiring others, or helping people in society. Put that at the top. On the next level you’ll have mid-level goals like passing an exam. The goals below-it-should all feed into your top-level. They’ll be smaller, more practical things—perhaps writing an email, or doing some research. If they don’t help with achieving your top goal, then get rid of them! (找到我们可以称之为人生目标的大事，比如激励他人，或者帮助社会上的人。把它放在最上面。在下一个阶段，你会有中等水平的目标，比如通过考试。下面的目标都应该为你的最高目标服务。它们将是更小、更实际的事情——可能是写一封电子邮件，或者做一些研究。如果它们不能帮助你实现最高目标，那就去掉它们!)”可知，本段主要讲述设立目标，并且按照优先级去排列，所以D项“Organise your priorities by making a pyramid of goals (通过建立一个金字塔的目标来组织你的优先级)”符合本段主题。故选D项。
10．根据前文“Time-management master Francesco Cirillo says that for every 25 minutes of intense concentration, you should take five off to do nothing at all, which gives the brain time to recover and keeps your productivity high. (时间管理大师弗朗西斯科·西里洛说，每集中注意力25分钟，你就应该休息5分钟，什么都不做，这给了大脑恢复的时间，让你保持高效率。)”可知，E项“In the five-minute breaks, don’t jump on your phone (在五分钟的休息时间里，不要玩手机)”符合本段主题，讲述休息的5分钟要注意的事。故选E项。
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）Most of the time, we human beings are so unwilling to change that we completely ignore its beauty. I don’t get it, why 11 I believe change is the most beautiful thing an individual can seek after.
As people connect changes with something beneficial, we all claim to believe in change being good, yet so many of us aggressively oppose it. And why Because of familiarity. 12
Even for those of us who say we love change, it’s hard to accept and adapt. However, sometimes change can be a frightening thing. There’s no denying that life is unpredictable and more often than not, we’re forced to make a change we didn’t really prepare for or expect. We lose jobs, we lose people, we move to another country or we find ourselves in unfavorable circumstances that we weren’t taught how to handle. 13
Life is full of unavoidable changes. How can you develop personally and expect to stay in the same place 14 When you start growing, you’ll notice changes in your surroundings. You’ll notice changes in your friends’ group. You’ll notice changes even in your preferences. Nothing stays the same if you want to grow as an individual.
Even though change may be painful and so hard sometimes, it’s still better than the pain of feeling powerless as you watch your dreams pass you by. Don’t be afraid of change. Embrace (拥抱) it with open arms. 15 I genuinely believe that life is too short to stay in the same place or in the same rigid mindset!
A．Not everyone can accompany you.
B．Where there’s growth, there’s change
C．Change can be scary but it can also be beautiful.
D．That’s not the only reasons you embrace changes.
E．Look forward to new experiences and learn from those new stories.
F．These things force you to change what you weren’t ready to change.
G．Sometimes we’re convinced that knowing something well means it’s right.
【答案】11．C 12．G 13．F 14．B 15．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人生很短暂，我们要积极面对人生中的变化，学会从改变中获得新的生活体验和人生经验。
11．根据上文“Most of the time, we human beings are so unwilling to change that we completely ignore its beauty. I don’t get it, why (大多数时候，我们人类是如此不愿意改变，以至于我们完全忽略了它的美丽。我不明白，为什么？)”及下文“I believe change is the most beautiful thing an individual can seek after.(我相信改变是一个人所能追求的最美好的东西)”可知，C项“Change can be scary but it can also be beautiful.(改变可能是可怕的，但也可能是美好的)”能够承上启下，其中scary与上文的unwilling相呼应，而beautiful又与下文的the most beautiful thing相呼应。故选C项。
12．根据前文“As people connect changes with something beneficial, we all claim to believe in change being good, yet so many of us aggressively oppose it. And why Because of familiarity.(当人们将变化与有益的事物联系起来时，我们都声称相信变化是好的，然而我们中的许多人却强烈地反对它。为什么？因为熟悉)”可知，G项“Sometimes we’re convinced that knowing something well means it’s right.(有时候，我们相信了解一些事情就意味着它是正确的)”是对前文的进一步解释，符合文意。故选G项。
13．分析设空，位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Even for those of us who say we love change, it’s hard to accept and adapt. However, sometimes change can be a frightening thing. There’s no denying that life is unpredictable and more often than not, we’re forced to make a change we didn’t really prepare for or expect. We lose jobs, we lose people, we move to another country or we find ourselves in unfavorable circumstances that we weren’t taught how to handle.(即使是那些说自己喜欢改变的人，也很难接受和适应。然而，有时改变可能是一件可怕的事情。不可否认，生活是不可预测的，而且往往我们被迫做出一些我们没有真正准备或期望的改变。我们失去工作，我们失去员工，我们搬到另一个国家，或者我们发现自己处于不利的环境中，我们没有被教导如何处理)”可知，F项“These things force you to change what you weren’t ready to change.(这些事情迫使你改变你还没有准备好改变的东西)”是对前文的总结。故选F项。
14．根据前文“How can you develop personally and expect to stay in the same place (你怎样才能在个人发展的同时还希望留在同一个地方？)”以及后文“When you start growing, you’ll notice changes in your surroundings. You’ll notice changes in your friends’ group.(当你开始成长时，你会注意到周围环境的变化。你会注意到朋友圈的变化)”可知，B项“Where there’s growth, there’s change(哪里有增长，哪里就有变化)”是对前文问题的回答，并引出下文。故选B项。
15．根据前文“Don’t be afraid of change. Embrace (拥抱) it with open arms.(不要害怕改变。张开双臂拥抱它)”以及后文“I genuinely believe that life is too short to stay in the same place or in the same rigid mindset!(我真诚地相信，生命太短暂，不能停留在同一个地方或一成不变的心态！)”可知，此处是对前文进行总结，所以E项“Look forward to new experiences and learn from those new stories.(期待新的经历，从新的故事中学习)”是总结性的句子，且承接上文，符合文意。故选E项。
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）Microplastics are found almost everywhere in food, drinking water, cosmetics (化妆品), household products. 16 . However, there are steps we can take to minimize our microplastic intake.
Avoiding reheating takeaway food in plastic boxes
Any time plastic containers are heated, chemical changes in the material mean it can leach (渗入) micro-particles into your food. If you can’t avoid the takeaway boxes, try not to reheat food in them when having leftovers. 17 .
Employing a glass water bottle instead of a plastic one
Canadian research from 2019 found that bottled water contains 22 times more microplastics than tap water, meaning someone who only drinks bottled water would take in 130,000 more particles a year, compared to 4,000 from tap water. 18 . They also suggest filling it with water that has gone through a reverse osmosis filter (反渗透过滤器) which can help to remove the microplastics in tap water.
19
The heat of the coffee will encourage the plastic to leach into your drink. Instead, bring a reusable glass or metal cup for takeaways or consider drinking your coffee in a cafe. It is both environmentally-friendly and good for health.
Stopping chewing on the end of pens
20 . Put away or stop purchasing baby chewing toys or dummies (玩偶) which are particularly harmful because they go in the mouth. Similarly, a researcher recommends that adults stop chewing on the end of pens.
A．Using metal or glass coffee cups
B．Avoiding using plastic material on hot food
C．Remember: do place them in a non-plastic plate
D．Experts recommend using a glass bottle when you’re on the go
E．It’s almost impossible to get rid of plastic from our modern lives
F．Whatever you eat, never put it in a plastic container considering heath
G．Experts suggest looking at other sources of plastic in your children’s lives
【答案】16．E 17．C 18．D 19．A 20．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了微塑料无处不在，介绍了一些可以避免微塑料的方法。
16．根据上文“Microplastics are found almost everywhere in food, drinking water, cosmetics (化妆品), household products. (微塑料在食品、饮用水、化妆品、家用产品中几乎无处不在。)”可知，上文提到了微塑料无处不在，即想要摆脱塑料是不可能的。故E选项“从我们的现代生活中摆脱塑料几乎是不可能的。”符合语境，故选E。
17．根据上文“If you can’t avoid the takeaway boxes, try not to reheat food in them when having leftovers. (如果你不能避免使用外卖盒，那么在吃剩菜的时候尽量不要在里面重新加热食物。)”可知，上文提到不要在外卖盒里加热食物，可知本句是说明加热剩菜的正确做法。故C选项“记住：一定要把它们放在非塑料盘子里。”符合语境，故选C。
18．根据上文“Canadian research from 2019 found that bottled water contains 22 times more microplastics than tap water, meaning someone who only drinks bottled water would take in 130,000 more particles a year, compared to 4,000 from tap water. (加拿大2019年的一项研究发现，瓶装水的塑料微粒含量是自来水的22倍，这意味着只喝瓶装水的人每年会多摄入13万个塑料微粒，而自来水则多摄入4000个。)”可知，上文提到了瓶装水会导致摄入微塑料，可知本句是在建议避免摄入微塑料的正确做法。故D选项“专家建议在旅途中使用玻璃瓶。”符合语境，故选D。
19．根据后文“The heat of the coffee will encourage the plastic to leach into your drink. Instead, bring a reusable glass or metal cup for takeaways or consider drinking your coffee in a cafe. It is both environmentally-friendly and good for health. (咖啡的热量会促使塑料渗入你的饮料中。相反，带一个可重复使用的玻璃或金属杯，或者考虑在咖啡馆喝咖啡。它既环保又有益健康。)”可知，本段的建议是使用可重复使用的玻璃或金属杯，故A选项“使用金属或玻璃咖啡杯”符合语境，故选A。
20．根据后文“Put away or stop purchasing baby chewing toys or dummies (玩偶) which are particularly harmful because they go in the mouth. Similarly, a researcher recommends that adults stop chewing on the end of pens. (收起或停止购买婴儿咀嚼玩具或玩偶，因为它们进入口腔特别有害。同样，一位研究人员建议成年人不要嚼笔的末端。)”可知，后文提到收起或停止购买婴儿咀嚼玩具或玩偶，以及成年人不要嚼笔的末端，即要从生活中发现微塑料的来源，故G选项“专家建议看看孩子生活中的其他塑料来源。”符合语境，故选G。
（2024·湖南岳阳·一模）The majority of people make an assumption that the human brain learns all by itself. But the truth is that to some extent, we can train ourselves to be better learners.
21 These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”. Here are a bunch of guidelines to become active learners.
Follow the outer voice
We all have two voices. Our inner voice expresses our personal opinions, while the outer voice handles others’ opinions. Although our inner voice can be useful, it can also block us from learning. If we pay too much attention to it, we risk missing important information while learning. Instead, active learners are open-minded and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying, not on what their brain is saying. 22
Debate with the inner voice
If we find it a struggle to control our inner voice, we can disagree with it as most active learners do. When our inner voice tells us a speaker/writer is wrong, think about why the speaker/writer may be right. 23 If not, at least we have “listened to” another viewpoint.
Ask questions
One of the easiest ways to promote active learning is to ask questions. When we obtain information from someone, from books or the Internet, ask a series of questions about the topic. 24 In short, we should never stop being curious.
Seek the truth
Active learners make an attempt to question the world around them and get to the truth deep within each idea. Even when an idea sounds insane, there may be an aspect of it rooted in truth. No matter how crazy it seems, we will increase our chance of learning something.
25
Many people let learning opportunities slip because they ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is. But active learners don’t judge people on the basis of first impressions. Instead, they separate the message from the messenger.
A．Concentrate your attention on the message itself.
B．Form opinions based on first impressions of messengers.
C．In this manner, they are in a better position to make decisions.
D．I suggest doing a number of things to actively take part in our learning.
E．Be flexible in our opinions and we might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
F．For example, we can stay active in the learning process and reflect on what we have learnt.
G．The answers will lead us to further learning and help us gain a deeper understanding of the topic.
【答案】21．F 22．C 23．E 24．G 25．A
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些成为主动学习者的指导方针。
21．根据后文“These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”.(这些学习行为被称为“主动学习”。)”可知，此处是指要进行主动学习，所以选项F“例如，我们可以在学习过程中保持积极主动，并反思我们所学到的东西。”切合文意。故选F。
22．根据前文“Instead, active learners are open-minded and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying, not on what their brain is saying.(相反，主动的学习者思想开放，专注于说话者/作者在说什么，而不是他们的大脑在说什么。)”可知，此处是指专注于说话者/作者在说什么可以更好地做决定，所以选项C“通过这种方式，他们可以更好地做出决定。”切合文意。故选C。
23．根据前文“When our inner voice tells us a speaker/writer is wrong, think about why the speaker/writer may be right.(当我们内心的声音告诉我们某个说话者/作者是错的，想想为什么说话者/作者可能是对的。)”和后文“If not, at least we have “listened to” another viewpoint.(如果没有，至少我们已经“听取”了另一种观点。)”可知，此处是指要学会包容和思考不同的观点，所以选项E“在我们的观点上灵活一点，我们最终可能会同意说话者/作者的观点。”切合文意。故选E。
24．根据前文“One of the easiest ways to promote active learning is to ask questions. When we obtain information from someone, from books or the Internet, ask a series of questions about the topic.(促进主动学习最简单的方法之一就是提出问题。当我们从某人那里获得信息时，从书或互联网上，问一系列关于这个话题的问题。)”可知，此处是指得到的答案会对我们有帮助，所以选项G“这些答案将引导我们进一步学习，并帮助我们对主题有更深的理解。”切合文意。故选G。
25．根据后文“But active learners don’t judge people on the basis of first impressions. Instead, they separate the message from the messenger.(但主动学习者不会根据第一印象来判断一个人。相反，他们将信息与信息发布者分开。)”可知，此处是指要关注信息本身，所以选项A“把注意力集中在信息本身。”切合文意。故选A。
（2024·湖南邵阳·一模）Road systems are necessary for public transport. Street network is indeed convenient for humans. But roads and highways have done more harm than good to animals. Every week, millions of wild animals die from vehicle collisions (碰撞). Despite the numerous road signs, the increasing number of animal roadkills keeps on increasing each year. Ever since road systems were constructed, animals have been exposed to danger from moving from one place to another. 26
Wildlife crossings are in the form of bridges, overpasses and underpass tunnels. 27 With these safe routes, wild animals won’t have to access the busy roads and highways anymore. They can safely cross over or under these structures to move on to their path.
The first wildlife crossing ever made was in the form of bridges for animals. In the 1950’s,France constructed several animal bridges to protect both animals and humans from vehicle collisions. 28 Apart from France, the Netherlands also features 600 overpasses and ecoducts (生态通道) for deer, boars, and badgers. As a matter of fact, the Netherlands takes pride in having the longest wildlife overpass in the world. The Natuurbrug Zanderij Crailoo stretches 800 meters in length, overpassing the massive N525 roadway and nearby rail lines.
29 There could be a few unintended consequences of the wildlife crossings based on their design. The bridges can increase the spread of invasive(入侵的) species, for example. Predation (捕食) rates could increase as the predators can easily hunt down the prey (捕获物) through the bridges.
However, the importance of ecological crossings cannot be denied. Regardless of the negative impacts, they play a vital role in the preservation and restoration of habitat and species. 30
A．Diseases may also use the crossings to spread.
B．The wildlife bridges can have negative results as well.
C．Europe surely leads the way in terms of wildlife bridges.
D．These crossings are used by an increasing number of mammals.
E．These structures provide safe passageways for passing animals.
F．More ecoducts should be built to provide a safe space for the species.
G．For this reason, wildlife bridges are built to allow wild animals to cross man-made roads safely.
【答案】26．G 27．E 28．C 29．B 30．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为保护动物而建立起的许多生态通道，如动物桥梁等，以及它们的优缺点。
26．本句位于段尾，是本段的结论句，同时承上启下。上文“Ever since road systems were constructed, animals have been exposed to danger from moving from one place to another. (自从道路系统建成以来，动物们就会因为从一个地方移动到另一个地方而面临危险。)”指出，为了保护动物安全，建造野生动物桥很有必要。下文“Wildlife crossings are in the form of bridges overpasses and underpass tunnels.(野生动物道口的形式是桥梁、立交桥和地下通道、隧道) ”。选项G“For this reason, wildlife bridges are built to allow wild animals to cross man-made roads safely.(因此，建造野生动物桥是为了让野生动物能够安全地穿越人造道路。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合语境。故选G项。
27．上文“Wildlife crossings are in the form of bridges overpasses and underpass tunnels.(野生动物过境点采用桥梁、立交桥和地下通道隧道的形式。)”指出桥梁、立交桥和地下通道隧道被使用。选项E“These structures provide safe passageways for passing animals.(这些结构为过往动物提供了安全通道。)”指出结构为过往动物提供了安全通道，这是对上文这些形式的评价，符合语境。故选 E 项。
28．上文“In the 1950’s, France constructed several animal bridges to protect both animals and humans from vehicle collisions. (20世纪50年代，法国建造了几座动物桥，以保护动物和人类免受车辆碰撞。)”指出法国很久之前就建造了动物桥，保护动物。下文“Apart from France, the Netherlands also features 600 overpasses and ecoducts (生态通道) for deer, boars, and badgers.(除了法国，荷兰还有600座立交桥和生态通道用于鹿、野猪和獾。)”指出其他欧洲国家也在努力做这件事。选项C“Europe surely leads the way in terms of wildlife bridges. (欧洲在野生动物桥梁方面无疑处于领先地位。)”与上下文逻辑一致，也是在介绍欧洲在这一方面的出色表现，符合语境。故选C项。
29．下文“There could be a few unintended consequences of the wildlife crossings based on their design. The bridges can increase the spread of invasive species, for example. (根据野生动物过境点的设计，可能会产生一些意想不到的后果。例如，这些桥梁可以增加入侵物种的传播。)”指出这些过境点的设计也有坏处，如增加入侵物种的传播。选项B“The wildlife bridges can have negative results as well.(野生动物桥梁也可能产生负面影响。)”指出动物桥梁可能产生负面影响，这能引出下文，符合语境。故选B项。
30．上文“Regardless of the negative impacts, they play a vital role in the preservation and restoration of habitat and species.(不管负面影响如何，它们在保护和恢复栖息地和物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。)”指出这些动物桥梁，过境点发挥着重要作用。选项F“More ecoducts should be built to provide a safe space for the species.(应该建造更多的生态通道，为物种提供一个安全的空间。)”指出要更多建造这种生态通道，所以这是上文“这些动物桥梁，过境点发挥着重要作用”导致的结果，符合语境。故选 F项。
（2024·湖南永州·二模）Benefits of Personality Tests
Can identifying one’s personality type using the MBTI and other personality assessments really help They may. 31
Better understand others
After taking a personality test and seeing our results, we can gain a better understanding of all the different perceptions and reactions that others might have to the same situation. 32 . No personality type is “better” than any other — just different. Each perspective brings something new and interesting to the table.
Identify our likes and dislikes
Maybe we’ve always hated talking on the phone but never really understood why. 33 . By using personality tests like the MBTI, we can learn more about where we lie on the extroversion/introversion and thinking/feeling continuum (连续性). This helps us better understand why we prefer certain things and dislike others.
34 .
Learning more about our personality type can also help us discover new ways to approach challenges. Knowing what might work best for our personality type can give us new ideas on how to solve problems, deal with stress, cope with conflict, and manage our work habits.
Recognize our strengths and weaknesses
Knowing what we are good at can be important in a wide variety of situations, whether we are picking a college major or thinking about running for a seat on our local school board. For example, if we know that we are an ISTJ (introverted, sensing, thinking, and judging) on the MBTI, we might recognize that certain aspects of our personality might qualify as strengths in some situations and weaknesses in others. 35 , it can sometimes trip us up in situations where we need to let other people take control.
A．Hold on to ideas about who we are
B．Know which situations are ideal for us
C．Here’s an overview of the many benefits of personality tests
D．While they reveal truth that showcases different aspects of personality
E．While our organizational skills and carefulness can be a major strength in our work
F．This is important because we all have different ways of seeing and interacting with the world
G．Or perhaps we’ve always needed much time to think about a problem before making a decision
【答案】31．C 32．F 33．G 34．B 35．E
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了性格测试的好处。
31．
根据上文“Can identifying one’s personality type using the MBTI and other personality assessments really help They may.(用MBTI和其他人格评估来识别一个人的人格类型真的有帮助吗？他们可能有帮助。)”可知，上文讲述的是性格测试有好处。选项C“Here’s an overview of the many benefits of personality tests(以下是性格测试诸多好处的概述)”承接上文指出性格测试有好处，同时引出下文具体的好处。故选C。
32．
根据空前内容“After taking a personality test and seeing our results, we can gain a better understanding of all the different perceptions and reactions that others might have to the same situation.(在进行性格测试并看到我们的结果后，我们可以更好地理解其他人对相同情况的不同看法和反应。)”可知，得知自己的性格后，我们可以更好地理解其他人对相同情况的不同看法和反应。选项F“This is important because we all have different ways of seeing and interacting with the world(这一点很重要，因为我们都有不同的看待世界和与世界互动的方式)”延续上文内容，指出理解不同的人对相同情况有着不一样的看法很重要。故选F。
33．
根据空前“Maybe we’ve always hated talking on the phone but never really understood why.(也许我们总是讨厌打电话，但从来没有真正明白为什么。)”可知，我们并不明白自己讨厌某件事的原因。选项G“Or perhaps we’ve always needed much time to think about a problem before making a decision(或者也许我们在做决定之前总是需要很多时间来思考问题)”与上文内容一致，指的是我们也不明白为什么自己在做决定之前总是需要很多时间来思考问题。故选G。
34．
空处为小标题，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“Learning more about our personality type can also help us discover new ways to approach challenges. Knowing what might work best for our personality type can give us new ideas on how to solve problems, deal with stress, cope with conflict, and manage our work habits.(更多地了解我们的性格类型也可以帮助我们找到应对挑战的新方法。知道什么最适合我们的性格类型，可以给我们解决问题、处理压力、处理冲突和管理工作习惯的新思路。)”可知，本段讲述的是了解自己的性格类型可以帮助我们找到应对挑战的新方法，从而了解什么是最适合我们的。选项B“Know which situations are ideal for us(知道哪些情况对我们来说是最理想的)”正是本段内容的综述。故选B。
35．
根据空前内容“For example, if we know that we are an ISTJ (introverted, sensing, thinking, and judging) on the MBTI, we might recognize that certain aspects of our personality might qualify as strengths in some situations and weaknesses in others.(例如，如果我们知道自己在MBTI测试中属于ISTJ型(内向、敏感、思考和判断)，我们可能会意识到我们性格的某些方面在某些情况下可能是优势，而在另一些情况下可能是劣势。)”可知，上文讲述的是我们性格的某些方面在某些情况下可能是优势，而在其他情况下则可能是劣势。而空后内容“it can sometimes trip us up in situations where we need to let other people take control.(它有时会在我们需要让别人控制的情况下绊倒我们。)”指的是劣势，由此可推断，空处指的应该是优势。选项E“While our organizational skills and carefulness can be a major strength in our work(虽然我们的组织能力和细心是我们工作中的一大优势)”指出组织能力和细心是我们工作中的一大优势，与下文内容逻辑一致，指出这样的优势在某些情况下会成为劣势。故选E。
（2024·湖南株洲·一模）One might hope that children’s capacity for boredom would be matched by an appetite for all things new — If only parenting were so easy. 36 Here are expert-approved tips on how to get your kids to attempt new things without frightening them off.
Start with what they know. Take something your kids already like or are good at, and push them to try it in a new environment or a slightly different way. If you want your kids to feel confident about their strengths and use that as a springboard to try something new, think: 37 How can you help them advance in that There is no need to learn a new thing — you just create an opportunity to push your kids to try something new with the skill they know.
Make a list. Ask your children what new things they want to try out or have them write a list. Help them figure out what it is that they are worried about when they avoid new things. 38 It’s a way to help them feel in charge of their emotions and understand the connection between thoughts and actions.
39 You should both recognize your children’s fears and express certainty that they can handle the task. It is important to project confidence in your children. Say you believe they have capacity to handle those challenges and tolerate the discomfort or worries or negative feelings that might come along with doing new or scary things.
Consider if they are doing enough. You should also do some reflecting of your own. Do your children really need to try tofu or martial arts If your kids are functioning overall, they are doing the basics and they have some friends, then be encouraging. 40 Sometimes doing that stops you from focusing on the things they are doing.
A．Sympathize and encourage.
B．Be tolerant and open-minded.
C．What are your kids comfortable with
D．Why are your kids fascinated by new things
E．Don’t overstress on everything they are not doing.
F．Sometimes the act of identifying and naming fears can help decrease them.
G．Trying new things is difficult for many children, whether a different food or skill.
【答案】36．G 37．C 38．F 39．A 40．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些专家认可的教你如何让你的孩子尝试新事物而不吓跑他们的建议。
36．根据后文“Here are expert-approved tips on how to get your kids to attempt new things without frightening them off. (这里有一些专家认可的建议，教你如何让你的孩子尝试新事物而不吓跑他们。)”可知，此处是指尝试新的东西对很多孩子来说很难，所以选项G“对许多孩子来说，尝试新事物是困难的，无论是不同的食物还是不同的技能。”切合文意。故选G。
37．根据前文“Start with what they know. Take something your kids already like or are good at, and push them to try it in a new environment or a slightly different way. (从他们知道的开始。拿一些你的孩子已经喜欢或擅长的东西，推动他们在一个新的环境中或以一种稍微不同的方式尝试。)”可知，此处是指想一想你的孩子已经喜欢或擅长什么，所以选项C“你的孩子喜欢什么？”切合文意。故选C。
38．根据前文“Ask your children what new things they want to try out or have them write a list. Help them figure out what it is that they are worried about when they avoid new things. (问问你的孩子他们想尝试什么新事物，或者让他们写一个清单。帮助他们弄清楚，当他们回避新事物时，他们担心的是什么。)”和后文“It’s a way to help them feel in charge of their emotions and understand the connection between thoughts and actions. (这是一种帮助他们掌控自己情绪、理解思想和行为之间联系的方法。)”可知，此处是指明白自己的恐惧可以弱化恐惧，所以选项F“有时，识别和说出恐惧的行为可以帮助减少恐惧。”切合文意。故选F。
39．根据后文“You should both recognize your children’s fears and express certainty that they can handle the task. (你应该认识到孩子的恐惧，并确信他们能处理好这项任务。)”可知，此处是指要理解孩子的恐惧并鼓励他，所以选项A“共情并鼓励。”切合文意。故选A。
40．根据前文“Do your children really need to try tofu or martial arts If your kids are functioning overall, they are doing the basics and they have some friends, then be encouraging. (你的孩子真的需要尝试豆腐或武术吗？如果你的孩子在做一些基本的事情，并且有一些朋友，那么你应该鼓励他们。)”和后文“Sometimes doing that stops you from focusing on the things they are doing. (有时这样做会让你无法专注于他们正在做的事情。)”可知，此处是指过度强调他们还没做过的事情有时并不好，所以选项E“不要过分强调他们没有做的事情。”切合文意。故选E。
（2024·湖南邵阳·二模）Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens(避风港)of biodiversity. Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans. 41
42 Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. However, reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae(海藻)with which corals are living together to generate toxins(毒素)that force those coral to leave. This can cause a coral’s death.
Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. 43 Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.
Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference.
44 Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.
This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important. 45 Hard-coregreens-those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled-may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.
A．Corals are useful to people.
B．But there are grounds for optimism.
C．And they host a quarter of marine species.
D．It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.
E．Coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year.
F．This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.
G．However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.
【答案】41．C 42．A 43．G 44．B 45．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁对海洋生态系统和人类至关重要，但是珊瑚礁正受到海水温度上升的威胁，研究人员正在采用自然活动和人为干预相结合的措施进行保护。
41．根据前文“Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens of biodiversity.(珊瑚礁是海洋中的热带雨林。它们规模庞大，同样是生物多样性的重要避风港)”可知，此处是讲珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的重要避风港，C项“And they host a quarter of marine species.(它们是四分之一海洋物种的家园)”同样描述前文语境，切合文意。故选C。
42．根据后文“Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income.(如果没有珊瑚礁所提供的保护，像马尔代夫这样地势低洼的岛屿很久以前就会被洪水淹没，10亿人将失去食物和收入)”可知，此处是说明珊瑚礁的用途。A项“Corals are useful to people.(珊瑚对人类很有用)”该项提到珊瑚对于人类的用处，切合文意，起到引出后文的作用。故选A。
43．根据前文“Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type.(世界各地的研究小组正在制定行动计划，看看这是否会有所帮助。比如识别天然耐热珊瑚，并对这种珊瑚进行杂交，以创造一种新的珊瑚)”和后文“Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.(如果不减少碳排放，不减少对当地珊瑚造成伤害的污染，即使是有抵抗力的珊瑚也无法在本世纪存活)”可知，此处是指珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到广泛的认可，G项“However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.(然而，珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到普遍的支持)”该项提到珊瑚的进化并没有得到支持。切合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选G。
44．根据后文“Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together.(碳排放目标正在制定，海洋污染正在处理。对珊瑚礁负有共同责任的国家开始共同行动)”可知，此处是指情况也有好的趋势，B项“But there are grounds for optimism.(但我们有理由感到乐观)”该项提到各国开始采取行动，说明事情在往好的方面发展。该项切合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选B。
45．根据前文“This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.(这种自然活动和人类干预的混合是很重要的)”和后文“Hard-core greens—those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled—may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.(核心的绿色植物——那些认为所有的栖息地都应该不受破坏的人——可能不会同意。但是，当整个生态系统面临破坏时，什么都不做的代价太大而无法承受)”可知，此处是指珊瑚礁非常重要，可以作为其他生态系统的蓝图。D项“It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.(它可以作为其他生态系统的蓝图)”表明珊瑚对生态系统也起到很大的作用。该项切合文意，符合语境。故选D。
（2024·湖南张家界·二模）It’s obvious that our society favors the outgoing personality, so being introverted (内向的) has always been seen as something that needs to be “fixed”. However, there is no fault in being introverted. 46
Introverts have hidden powers. 47 . While others are busy chatting, introverts observe things most-people are unaware of. Sometimes we can even read people. While it may seem introverts are always zoned out, we’re actually analyzing and thinking of creative ideas to one day share with you.
Introverts also keep the world balanced. In a world that can’t stop talking, the ability to listen to what each other has to say is an important virtue that will assist us in building peaceful relationships of understanding. 48 . By listening to whatever people pour out, introverts help maintain the order of the world.
Introverts can self-recharge. Though the outgoing may gain their energy through mixing in crowds, introverts are self-recharging powerhouses. 49 . Their energy is found through loneliness.
50 . In the noise of chatterboxes, their voices often get drowned out. There’s nothing more disappointing to an introvert than finally taking advantage of a moment to speak, only to be interrupted by the extroverts (外向者）. While extroverts may speak every thought that comes to mind, an introvert will choose their thoughts carefully and only speak of the ones they think their best to share. So next time, all you have to do is to be willing to listen.
A．Unluckily, introverts are faced with a big challenge.
B．And this is exactly what our introverts are born with.
C．Introverts have shown the potential to be great leaders.
D．Extroverted people would have no one to listen to them.
E．Instead, we should appreciate introverts for various reasons.
F．They don’t need to constantly put themselves out there to be lively.
G．Just because we introverts don’t say much doesn’t always mean we’re clueless.
【答案】46．E 47．G 48．B 49．F 50．A
【导语】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了内向性格的特点、优势以及面临的挑战，旨在纠正社会对内向性格的偏见，并强调其积极的一面。
46．
根据空前“However, there is no fault in being introverted.(然而，内向并没有错。)”可知，作者认为内向性格没有过错。选项E“Instead, we should appreciate introverts for various reasons.(相反，出于各种原因，我们应该欣赏内向的人。)”延续上文内容，指出内向并没有错，同时引出下文对内向性格的优点的介绍。故选E。
47．
根据下文内容“While others are busy chatting, introverts observe things most-people are unaware of. Sometimes we can even read people. While it may seem introverts are always zoned out, we’re actually analyzing and thinking of creative ideas to one day share with you.(当别人忙着聊天时，内向的人却能观察到大多数人不知道的事情。有时我们甚至能读懂别人。虽然内向的人似乎总是走神，但我们实际上是在分析和思考有创意的想法，以便有一天与你分享。)”可知，内向的人不说话有可能是在思考或分析。选项G“Just because we introverts don’t say much doesn’t always mean we’re clueless.(仅仅因为我们内向的人不说太多并不总是意味着我们毫无头绪。)”与下文内容相符，指的是内向的人不说话并不意味着内向的人毫无头绪，他们只是在思考。故选G。
48．
根据下文内容“By listening to whatever people pour out, introverts help maintain the order of the world.(通过倾听别人的倾诉，内向的人帮助维持世界的秩序。)”可知，内向的人会倾听别人的倾诉。选项B“And this is exactly what our introverts are born with.(这正是我们内向的人与生俱来的特质。)”中的“this”指的是上文“In a world that can’t stop talking, the ability to listen to what each other has to say is an important virtue that will assist us in building peaceful relationships of understanding.(在一个不能停止谈话的世界里，倾听彼此的能力是一种重要的美德，它将帮助我们建立和平的理解关系。)”中的“the ability to listen to what each other has to say”，也就是倾听的能力，同时引出下文，这种特质可以让内向的人维持世界的秩序。故选B。
49．
根据空前的“Though the outgoing may gain their energy through mixing in crowds, introverts are self-recharging powerhouses.(虽然外向的人可能会在人群中获得能量，但内向的人是自我充电的动力。)”以及空后的“Their energy is found through loneliness. (他们的能量来自孤独。)”可知，外向的人和内向的人获得能量的方式不同。选项F“They don’t need to constantly put themselves out there to be lively.(他们不需要经常把自己放在外面来表现活泼。)”延续上文内容，指的是内向的人自我充电，不需要表现活泼，而是来自孤独。故选F。
50．
空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“In the noise of chatterboxes, their voices often get drowned out. There’s nothing more disappointing to an introvert than finally taking advantage of a moment to speak, only to be interrupted by the extroverts (外向者）. While extroverts may speak every thought that comes to mind, an introvert will choose their thoughts carefully and only speak of the ones they think their best to share. So next time, all you have to do is to be willing to listen.(在喋喋不休者的嘈杂声中，他们的声音常常被淹没。对于内向的人来说，没有什么比利用这个机会说话却被外向的人打断更让人失望的了。外向的人可能会说出想到的每一个想法，而内向的人会仔细选择他们的想法，只说出他们认为最适合分享的想法。所以下次，你所要做的就是愿意倾听。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是内向的人的声音经常被淹没，由此可知，这是内向的人所面临的挑战。选项A“Unluckily, introverts are faced with a big challenge.(不幸的是，内向的人面临着一个巨大的挑战。)”与本段内容相符，指的是内向的人有一个巨大的挑战。故选A。
（2024·湖南·二模）Those who consciously focus on each inhalation (吸气) and exhalation (呼气) could gain some impressive health benefits, especially for those that struggle with meditation (冥想).
A new controlled study among 108 participants (divided into two groups: breathing and meditation)found that over the course of a month, five minutes of daily breath techniques provided similar benefits to mood and anxiety as five minutes of meditation. 51 The study suggests breathing exercises may be a more “effective and powerful” mental health tool than meditation in the treatment of anxiety.
52 Those who spent five minutes working on their breath each day showed the most stress relief at the end of the month, with day-on-day improvements in their mental and physiological health.
What’s more, the study tested three different breathing techniques. 53 Participants who were asked to practice cyclic sighing — when exhalations are pronounced and prolonged — showed greater improvements than those who were asked to practice box breathing-when inhalation, a pause, and exhalation all match in duration — or cyclic hyperventilation (强力呼吸) — when inhalations are longer and exhalations are shorter.
Previous studies have shown that inhalations increase heart rate while exhalations decrease it. Perhaps that’s why cyclic sighing is so effective in relaxing the body and mind. Box breathing, on the other hand, is often used by military personnel to remain calm. 54 As humans, we never fully have control over our bodies. 55 Practicing a moment of control, even simply to sigh, could be just what the doctor ordered.
A．One of them seemed to perform the best.
B．That is a reality which shouldn’t go unnoticed.
C．Each of the techniques showed the same benefit.
D．Cyclic hyperventilation, on occasion, is used to relieve panic.
E．In fact, participants from the breathing group were even better off.
F．During the study, participants reported on their mood and vital signs.
G．There’s something about controlled breathing that seems to set it apart.
【答案】51．E 52．F 53．A 54．D 55．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于呼吸的研究以及三种呼吸策略。
51．根据上文“A new controlled study among 108 participants (divided into two groups: breathing and meditation)found that over the course of a month, five minutes of daily breath techniques provided similar benefits to mood and anxiety as five minutes of meditation.(一项对108名参与者（分为呼吸和冥想两组）的新对照研究发现，在一个月的过程中，每天五分钟的呼吸技巧对情绪和焦虑的好处与五分钟的冥想相似)”可知一个研究发现，呼吸与冥想对于情绪和焦虑的好处是相似的，空后由“The study suggests breathing exercises may be a more “effective and powerful” mental health tool than meditation in the treatment of anxiety.(这项研究表明，在治疗焦虑方面，呼吸练习可能是一种比冥想更“有效和强大”的心理健康工具)”可知呼吸的效果甚至更好，故E项“事实上，呼吸组的参与者甚至更好”是承上启下的衔接句，故选E。
52．本段后文内容“Those who spent five minutes working on their breath each day showed the most stress relief at the end of the month, with day-on-day improvements in their mental and physiological health.(那些每天花五分钟练习呼吸的人在月底的时候压力得到了最大的缓解，他们的心理和生理健康状况每天都在改善)”可知，主要说明的是具体的研究发现，前句应该说明研究的过程，之后才能得出后文的研究发现。且F项中的“moodand vital signs”也呼应本段中的“mental and physiological health”。故F选项“在研究过程中，参与者报告了他们的情绪和生命体征”符合语境，故选F项。
53．根据上文“What’s more, the study tested three different breathing techniques.(更重要的是，这项研究测试了三种不同的呼吸技巧)”可知，本研究测试了三种不同的呼吸策略，结合后文“Participants who were asked to practice cyclic sighing — when exhalations are pronounced and prolonged — showed greater improvements than those who were asked to practice box breathing-when inhalation, a pause, and exhalation all match in duration — or cyclic hyperventilation (强力呼吸) — when inhalations are longer and exhalations are shorter.(被要求练习周期性叹气的参与者——当呼气明显且持续时间较长时——比那些被要求练习盒子式呼吸的参与者表现出更大的改善——当吸气、暂停和呼气的持续时间一致时——或周期性过度通气——当吸气时间较长而呼气时间较短时)”可知，后文论述了“cyclic sighing”要比另外两种呼吸策略带来的改善效果更好，A选项“其中一个似乎表现最好”符合语境，故选A项。
54．根据上文“Previous studies have shown that inhalations increase heart rate while exhalations decrease it. Perhaps that’s why cyclic sighing is so effective in relaxing the body and mind. Box breathing, on the other hand, is often used by military personnel to remain calm.(先前的研究表明，吸气会增加心率，而呼气会降低心率。也许这就是为什么周期性叹气对放松身心如此有效。另一方面，军事人员经常使用箱式呼吸来保持冷静)”可知，前文论述了为什么“cyclic sighing”对于身心的放松作用更好。分析段落结构可知，本段已经提到了两种呼吸策略的特 点（本研究总共提出了三种策略），那么此空应该介绍第三种呼吸策略，D选项“循环过度呼吸有时用于缓解恐慌”符合语境，故选D项。
55．根据上文“As humans, we never fully have control over our bodies.(作为人类，我们永远无法完全控制自己的身体)”以及后文“Practicing a moment of control, even simply to sigh, could be just what the doctor ordered.(练习片刻的控制，甚至只是叹气，可能正是医生所要求的)”可知，上文提到我们人类从未完全控制我们的身体，故本句承接下文，引出“我们还可以做些什么”。故B 项“这个事实不应该被我们忽视”符合语境。故选B项。
（23-24高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）China’s Qiantang River is famous for a unique natural phenomenon, a wavy pattern tide that was observed in 2021.
The Qiantang River’s estuary (河口) in Zhejiang Province has long been famous for having the strongest tidal waves in the world. 56 However, in 2021, researchers discovered another natural phenomenon unique to this estuary. Under specific conditions, the tide comes in waves that look like fish scales (鳞) on the water’s surface. 57
The exact reason for this unusual tide pattern’s occurrence is still being discussed. Different sources give different reasons. 58
“The area is also known to have rotating currents, meaning that the tide does not simply move inland and then change its direction,” Nicole Sharp writes. 59 “This unique characteristic creates an ideal environment for waves to crash into each other at various angles. Two sets of waves meet at a crossroads, creating cool wave patterns.”
According to the media, astronomy, topography, and wind directions are the main factors that produce the “fish scale tide”. 60 So does the shape of the estuary — very narrow at the river mouth, but then very wide where it meets the sea.
Whatever the exact necessary conditions for the occurrence of the “fish scale tide” may be, one thing is for sure-it rarely happens.
A．The phenomenon is known as the ”fish scale tide".
B．Instead, a rotating current can change its direction during a tidal cycle without changing its speed.
C．People always get endangered there.
D．Apparently, the moon and the sun play a big part in the phenomenon.
E．Besides, the weather conditions are of great importance.
F．For example, FyFluidDyamics believes that the phenomenon is the result of a series of factors.
G．At times, they can get as tall as nine meters.
【答案】56．G 57．A 58．F 59．B 60．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是“鱼鳞潮”以及其产生的原因和因素。
56．根据上文“The Qiantang River’s estuary (河口) in Zhejiang Province has long been famous for having the strongest tidal waves in the world.(浙江省钱塘江河口长期以来以拥有世界上最强的潮汐而闻名)”以及后文“However, in 2021, researchers discovered another natural phenomenon unique to this estuary. Under specific conditions, the tide comes in waves that look like fish scales (鳞) on the water’s surface.(然而，在2021年，研究人员发现了这个河口特有的另一种自然现象。在特定的条件下，潮水以波浪的形式出现，看起来像水面上的鱼鳞)”可知，本句承接上文，说明钱塘江潮汐的情况，G选项中they对应上文tidal waves。故G选项“有时，它们可以高达9米”符合语境，故选G。
57．根据上文“However, in 2021, researchers discovered another natural phenomenon unique to this estuary. Under specific conditions, the tide comes in waves that look like fish scales (鳞) on the water’s surface.(然而，在2021年，研究人员发现了这个河口特有的另一种自然现象。在特定的条件下，潮水以波浪的形式出现，看起来像水面上的鱼鳞)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，总结上文提到的现象，故A选项“这种现象被称为‘鱼鳞潮’”符合语境，故选A。
58．根据上文“The exact reason for this unusual tide pattern’s occurrence is still being discussed. Different sources give different reasons.(这种不寻常的潮汐模式发生的确切原因仍在讨论中。不同的来源给出了不同的理由)”可知，本段主要分析了这种潮汐发生的原因，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文就不同理由给出例子，故F选项“例如，FyFluidDyamics认为这种现象是一系列因素的结果”符合语境，故选F。
59．根据上文““The area is also known to have rotating currents, meaning that the tide does not simply move inland and then change its direction,” Nicole Sharp writes.(尼科尔·夏普写道：“众所周知，该地区有旋转洋流，这意味着潮汐不会简单地向内陆移动，然后改变方向。”)”以及后文“This unique characteristic creates an ideal environment for waves to crash into each other at various angles. Two sets of waves meet at a crossroads, creating cool wave patterns.(这种独特的特性为波浪以不同的角度相互撞击创造了理想的环境。两组波在十字路口相遇，形成冷波模式)”可知，本段的主要内容是关于水流对于潮汐的影响，B选项中a rotating current对应rotating currents。故B选项“相反，在潮汐周期中，旋转的水流可以改变方向而不改变速度”符合语境，故选B。
60．根据上文“According to the media, astronomy, topography, and wind directions are the main factors that produce the “fish scale tide”.(据媒体报道，天文、地形和风向是产生“鱼鳞潮”的主要因素)”以及后文“So does the shape of the estuary — very narrow at the river mouth, but then very wide where it meets the sea.(河口的形状也是如此——河口处很窄，入海口处很宽)”可知，本段主要分析了产生“鱼鳞潮”的主要因素，且上文提到了天文因素，可对应D选项中the sun和the moon。故D选项“显然，月亮和太阳在这一现象中起了很大的作用。”符合语境，故选D。
（2024·湖南·二模）To create paper and other wood products, millions of new trees must be planted each year. 61
Don’t use products that come with excessive (过度的) packaging.
62 A candy may come in an individual wrapper (包装纸), within a bag that’s also placed inside a box. Buy items that haven’t been wrapped several times. 63 Next time you or your family go shopping, make sure you take reusable bags and buy things without packaging.
64
Another large cause of paper waste is takeout food containers. They are often made of paper products or packed in paper bags. Next time you and your family decide to eat out for a meal, request that you sit down in the restaurant instead of taking the food in to-go containers. Most fast food restaurants use paper products to individually wrap all food. Therefore, ask your family if you can cat at a conventional sit-down restaurant for your next night out.
Encourage others to save paper.
To have an even bigger impact, you can encourage others to save paper as well. One of the best ways to reach the most people is to put up signs that inform people how they can help. 65 They will help raise awareness of the importance of protecting trees. Make sure you print or draw your signs on reused paper (like the back of old homework). Trash containers and recycling bins are a great place for signs.
A．Choose to use paper plates and dishes.
B．Here are some ways to save paper.
C．It is a good way to reduce paper waste from packaging.
D．Many grocery stores provide paper bags to pack groceries.
E．Dine in instead of using takeout containers at restaurants.
F．Many of today’s consumer items are wrapped several times.
G．There are lots of signs that you can print off from the Internet.
【答案】61．B 62．F 63．C 64．E 65．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文，节约纸张的重要性不言而喻，本文给出了帮助节约用纸的三点建议。
61．空格处为本文的中心句，综合分析文章下面的小标题可知，本文给出了帮助节约用纸的一些方法，B项“这里有一些节约纸张的方法”符合语境，故选B。
62．根据下一句的举例“A candy may come in an individual wrapper (包装纸), within a bag that’s also placed inside a box.(糖果可能是单独包装的，也可能是放在盒子里的袋子里)”可知，现在很多消费品都要进行多次包装，F项“今天的许多消费品都是多次包装的”符合语境，故选F。
63．根据上文“Buy items that haven’t been wrapped several times.(购买没有多次包装的物品)”可知，此处是说不买过度包装的商品，C项“这是减少包装纸张浪费的好方法”进一步说明这样做的好处，下文“Next time you or your family go shopping, make sure you take reusable bags and buy things without packaging.(下次你或你的家人去购物时，确保你带着可重复使用的袋子，买没有包装的东西)”给出了替代方案：带上可重复使用的袋子或购买灭有包装的商品，故选C。
64．根据本段中“Another large cause of paper waste is takeout food containers.(造成纸张浪费的另一大原因是外卖食品容器)”和“Next time you and your family decide to eat out for a meal, request that you sit down in the restaurant instead of taking the food in to-go containers.(下次你和你的家人决定出去吃饭时，要求你在餐馆里坐下，而不是把食物放在外带的容器里)”可知，这一段主要针对的是外带食品包装造成的用纸浪费，E项“在餐馆用餐，而不是使用外卖容器”符合语境，故选E。
65．上文“One of the best ways to reach the most people is to put up signs that inform people how they can help.(接触到大多数人的最好方法之一就是张贴标语，告诉人们他们可以如何提供帮助)”提到标语有助于帮助人们节约纸张，G项“你可以从网上打印出很多标语”介绍获取标语的方法，G项中的“signs”与上文“signs”属于原词复现，故选G。
（23-24高三下·湖南邵阳·开学考试）How To Spend The Holidays Productively
To get the most out of your holidays, you can make a calendar of the things you need to do and schedule in time for a mixture of fun activities and productive tasks.
Create a calendar of everything you want to do over the holidays.If you want to keep yourself on a regular schedule over your holiday break, making a calendar can help you stay organized. 66 Then, work everything else around those events.
Spend time learning or improving a skill, a craft, or a hobby.If you have a lot of free time over the holidays, try using that time to learn something new. 67 Or you might try learning to play a new song if you play the guitar.You can also try something totally new, like cross-stitching, building a model car, or brewing beer.
68 The hustle (忙碌) of the holidays can sometimes be stressful, and there are usually a lot of tasty treats to tempt you into eating unhealthily.Luckily, you can help counteract both of these things by spending about 30 minutes a day exercising. For instance, you might go for a jog on a track, try some light aerobic exercise, or do weight training.
Volunteer to help out in your comm《2024年高考英语名校真题二轮零失误规范训练》（湖南专用）
专题04 阅读理解七选五最新真题模拟16篇（干货+模拟）
原卷版
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
七选五解题步骤
一、通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。
在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题有重要意义。
二、详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。
文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词，关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组）、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。
三、定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语。
根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。
四、通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
五、确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
七选五思维导图
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！
（2024·湖南·一模）If you have ever looked closely at the tires on your car, you have probably seen little hairs sticking out of the black rubber. 1 Are they there for any safety reasons Those little bits are one of the strange car features some people may stop to think about.
Located on the vertical part of the tire, these curious little rubber hairs are known as “vent spews (轮胎毛刺)”. They are crucial in the tire-making process. As the tread pattern mold (胎面花纹模具) is pressed into the tire’s rubber, the extra rubber requires a way to escape the mold. 2
Curiously, there’s no set number of hairs each tire will have. 3 But the presence of tire hairs is universal. They are nothing more than remnants (残余部分) of the complex process that makes strong and durable tires.
4 Because they are found on the part of the tire rubber that doesn’t hit the road, and they have no impact on how well your tire grips(抓牢) the pavement in rainy weather. These rubber hairs also don’t have any impact on road noise or why your tires squeak when you’re driving. They are merely evidence of the new tire’s arrival in the world.
Tire hairs are naturally worn away during normal driving, and the presence or absence of these hairs doesn’t determine if a tire is safe. There is one instance, however, where the lack of tire hairs can matter. 5 As a responsible car owner, you should monitor the health of your tires regularly.
A．Why do tires have hairs
B．Tire hairs don’t have any effect on safe driving.
C．Are there any other interesting facts about cars
D．They look funny, yet every new car tire has them.
E．It could be a sign that tires are worn, old and need to be replaced.
F．The exact number varies based on the design and size of the tires.
G．Because tiny-size escape vents are created throughout each mold, little tire hairs are born.
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）How to be more productive
Getting things done isn’t working all day at 100 miles an hour. 6 . And the following tips can definitely help you.
7
Smaller tasks like answering emails are “shallow work”. Try to be more conscious of what your shallow tasks are, and give yourself permission to block them out for a while so you can focus on the important tasks that require “deep work”.
Call it a day
For good productivity, be strict about when your working day is over, and when you get to the end of your planned work session, ease yourself into a more relaxed state. Look through your unfinished work. 8 . Then close that textbook or laptop and say something out loud like “Shutdown complete!” After that Have some fun. Give your mind the rest it’s earned.
Find your top level goal
9 . Find the big thing that we could call your life’s purpose, like inspiring others, or helping people in society. Put that at the top. On the next level you’ll have mid-level goals like passing an exam. The goals below-it-should all feed into your top-level. They’ll be smaller, more practical things — perhaps writing an email, or doing some research. If they don’t help with achieving your top goal, then get rid of them!
Make your breaks smarter
Time-management master Francesco Cirillo says that for every 25 minutes of intense concentration, you should take five off to do nothing at all, which gives the brain time to recover and keeps your productivity high. 10 . Move around, stare out of a window.
A．Shut out the shallow
B．Make out the shallow
C．Find some pictures of kittens and puppies first
D．Organise your priorities by making a pyramid of goals
E．In the five-minute breaks, don’t jump on your phone
F．Write a short plan of how you’ll tackle it tomorrow
G．Looking for ways to do less and get more done actually makes more sense
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）Most of the time, we human beings are so unwilling to change that we completely ignore its beauty. I don’t get it, why 11 I believe change is the most beautiful thing an individual can seek after.
As people connect changes with something beneficial, we all claim to believe in change being good, yet so many of us aggressively oppose it. And why Because of familiarity. 12
Even for those of us who say we love change, it’s hard to accept and adapt. However, sometimes change can be a frightening thing. There’s no denying that life is unpredictable and more often than not, we’re forced to make a change we didn’t really prepare for or expect. We lose jobs, we lose people, we move to another country or we find ourselves in unfavorable circumstances that we weren’t taught how to handle. 13
Life is full of unavoidable changes. How can you develop personally and expect to stay in the same place 14 When you start growing, you’ll notice changes in your surroundings. You’ll notice changes in your friends’ group. You’ll notice changes even in your preferences. Nothing stays the same if you want to grow as an individual.
Even though change may be painful and so hard sometimes, it’s still better than the pain of feeling powerless as you watch your dreams pass you by. Don’t be afraid of change. Embrace (拥抱) it with open arms. 15 I genuinely believe that life is too short to stay in the same place or in the same rigid mindset!
A．Not everyone can accompany you.
B．Where there’s growth, there’s change
C．Change can be scary but it can also be beautiful.
D．That’s not the only reasons you embrace changes.
E．Look forward to new experiences and learn from those new stories.
F．These things force you to change what you weren’t ready to change.
G．Sometimes we’re convinced that knowing something well means it’s right.
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）Microplastics are found almost everywhere in food, drinking water, cosmetics (化妆品), household products. 16 . However, there are steps we can take to minimize our microplastic intake.
Avoiding reheating takeaway food in plastic boxes
Any time plastic containers are heated, chemical changes in the material mean it can leach (渗入) micro-particles into your food. If you can’t avoid the takeaway boxes, try not to reheat food in them when having leftovers. 17 .
Employing a glass water bottle instead of a plastic one
Canadian research from 2019 found that bottled water contains 22 times more microplastics than tap water, meaning someone who only drinks bottled water would take in 130,000 more particles a year, compared to 4,000 from tap water. 18 . They also suggest filling it with water that has gone through a reverse osmosis filter (反渗透过滤器) which can help to remove the microplastics in tap water.
19
The heat of the coffee will encourage the plastic to leach into your drink. Instead, bring a reusable glass or metal cup for takeaways or consider drinking your coffee in a cafe. It is both environmentally-friendly and good for health.
Stopping chewing on the end of pens
20 . Put away or stop purchasing baby chewing toys or dummies (玩偶) which are particularly harmful because they go in the mouth. Similarly, a researcher recommends that adults stop chewing on the end of pens.
A．Using metal or glass coffee cups
B．Avoiding using plastic material on hot food
C．Remember: do place them in a non-plastic plate
D．Experts recommend using a glass bottle when you’re on the go
E．It’s almost impossible to get rid of plastic from our modern lives
F．Whatever you eat, never put it in a plastic container considering heath
G．Experts suggest looking at other sources of plastic in your children’s lives
（2024·湖南岳阳·一模）The majority of people make an assumption that the human brain learns all by itself. But the truth is that to some extent, we can train ourselves to be better learners.
21 These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”. Here are a bunch of guidelines to become active learners.
Follow the outer voice
We all have two voices. Our inner voice expresses our personal opinions, while the outer voice handles others’ opinions. Although our inner voice can be useful, it can also block us from learning. If we pay too much attention to it, we risk missing important information while learning. Instead, active learners are open-minded and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying, not on what their brain is saying. 22
Debate with the inner voice
If we find it a struggle to control our inner voice, we can disagree with it as most active learners do. When our inner voice tells us a speaker/writer is wrong, think about why the speaker/writer may be right. 23 If not, at least we have “listened to” another viewpoint.
Ask questions
One of the easiest ways to promote active learning is to ask questions. When we obtain information from someone, from books or the Internet, ask a series of questions about the topic. 24 In short, we should never stop being curious.
Seek the truth
Active learners make an attempt to question the world around them and get to the truth deep within each idea. Even when an idea sounds insane, there may be an aspect of it rooted in truth. No matter how crazy it seems, we will increase our chance of learning something.
25
Many people let learning opportunities slip because they ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is. But active learners don’t judge people on the basis of first impressions. Instead, they separate the message from the messenger.
A．Concentrate your attention on the message itself.
B．Form opinions based on first impressions of messengers.
C．In this manner, they are in a better position to make decisions.
D．I suggest doing a number of things to actively take part in our learning.
E．Be flexible in our opinions and we might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
F．For example, we can stay active in the learning process and reflect on what we have learnt.
G．The answers will lead us to further learning and help us gain a deeper understanding of the topic.
（2024·湖南邵阳·一模）Road systems are necessary for public transport. Street network is indeed convenient for humans. But roads and highways have done more harm than good to animals. Every week, millions of wild animals die from vehicle collisions (碰撞). Despite the numerous road signs, the increasing number of animal roadkills keeps on increasing each year. Ever since road systems were constructed, animals have been exposed to danger from moving from one place to another. 26
Wildlife crossings are in the form of bridges, overpasses and underpass tunnels. 27 With these safe routes, wild animals won’t have to access the busy roads and highways anymore. They can safely cross over or under these structures to move on to their path.
The first wildlife crossing ever made was in the form of bridges for animals. In the 1950’s,France constructed several animal bridges to protect both animals and humans from vehicle collisions. 28 Apart from France, the Netherlands also features 600 overpasses and ecoducts (生态通道) for deer, boars, and badgers. As a matter of fact, the Netherlands takes pride in having the longest wildlife overpass in the world. The Natuurbrug Zanderij Crailoo stretches 800 meters in length, overpassing the massive N525 roadway and nearby rail lines.
29 There could be a few unintended consequences of the wildlife crossings based on their design. The bridges can increase the spread of invasive(入侵的) species, for example. Predation (捕食) rates could increase as the predators can easily hunt down the prey (捕获物) through the bridges.
However, the importance of ecological crossings cannot be denied. Regardless of the negative impacts, they play a vital role in the preservation and restoration of habitat and species. 30
A．Diseases may also use the crossings to spread.
B．The wildlife bridges can have negative results as well.
C．Europe surely leads the way in terms of wildlife bridges.
D．These crossings are used by an increasing number of mammals.
E．These structures provide safe passageways for passing animals.
F．More ecoducts should be built to provide a safe space for the species.
G．For this reason, wildlife bridges are built to allow wild animals to cross man-made roads safely.
（2024·湖南永州·二模）Benefits of Personality Tests
Can identifying one’s personality type using the MBTI and other personality assessments really help They may. 31
Better understand others
After taking a personality test and seeing our results, we can gain a better understanding of all the different perceptions and reactions that others might have to the same situation. 32 . No personality type is “better” than any other — just different. Each perspective brings something new and interesting to the table.
Identify our likes and dislikes
Maybe we’ve always hated talking on the phone but never really understood why. 33 . By using personality tests like the MBTI, we can learn more about where we lie on the extroversion/introversion and thinking/feeling continuum (连续性). This helps us better understand why we prefer certain things and dislike others.
34 .
Learning more about our personality type can also help us discover new ways to approach challenges. Knowing what might work best for our personality type can give us new ideas on how to solve problems, deal with stress, cope with conflict, and manage our work habits.
Recognize our strengths and weaknesses
Knowing what we are good at can be important in a wide variety of situations, whether we are picking a college major or thinking about running for a seat on our local school board. For example, if we know that we are an ISTJ (introverted, sensing, thinking, and judging) on the MBTI, we might recognize that certain aspects of our personality might qualify as strengths in some situations and weaknesses in others. 35 , it can sometimes trip us up in situations where we need to let other people take control.
A．Hold on to ideas about who we are
B．Know which situations are ideal for us
C．Here’s an overview of the many benefits of personality tests
D．While they reveal truth that showcases different aspects of personality
E．While our organizational skills and carefulness can be a major strength in our work
F．This is important because we all have different ways of seeing and interacting with the world
G．Or perhaps we’ve always needed much time to think about a problem before making a decision
（2024·湖南株洲·一模）One might hope that children’s capacity for boredom would be matched by an appetite for all things new — If only parenting were so easy. 36 Here are expert-approved tips on how to get your kids to attempt new things without frightening them off.
Start with what they know. Take something your kids already like or are good at, and push them to try it in a new environment or a slightly different way. If you want your kids to feel confident about their strengths and use that as a springboard to try something new, think: 37 How can you help them advance in that There is no need to learn a new thing — you just create an opportunity to push your kids to try something new with the skill they know.
Make a list. Ask your children what new things they want to try out or have them write a list. Help them figure out what it is that they are worried about when they avoid new things. 38 It’s a way to help them feel in charge of their emotions and understand the connection between thoughts and actions.
39 You should both recognize your children’s fears and express certainty that they can handle the task. It is important to project confidence in your children. Say you believe they have capacity to handle those challenges and tolerate the discomfort or worries or negative feelings that might come along with doing new or scary things.
Consider if they are doing enough. You should also do some reflecting of your own. Do your children really need to try tofu or martial arts If your kids are functioning overall, they are doing the basics and they have some friends, then be encouraging. 40 Sometimes doing that stops you from focusing on the things they are doing.
A．Sympathize and encourage.
B．Be tolerant and open-minded.
C．What are your kids comfortable with
D．Why are your kids fascinated by new things
E．Don’t overstress on everything they are not doing.
F．Sometimes the act of identifying and naming fears can help decrease them.
G．Trying new things is difficult for many children, whether a different food or skill.
（2024·湖南邵阳·二模）Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens(避风港)of biodiversity. Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans. 41
42 Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. However, reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae(海藻)with which corals are living together to generate toxins(毒素)that force those coral to leave. This can cause a coral’s death.
Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. 43 Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.
Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference.
44 Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.
This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important. 45 Hard-coregreens-those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled-may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.
A．Corals are useful to people.
B．But there are grounds for optimism.
C．And they host a quarter of marine species.
D．It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.
E．Coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year.
F．This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.
G．However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.
（2024·湖南张家界·二模）It’s obvious that our society favors the outgoing personality, so being introverted (内向的) has always been seen as something that needs to be “fixed”. However, there is no fault in being introverted. 46
Introverts have hidden powers. 47 . While others are busy chatting, introverts observe things most-people are unaware of. Sometimes we can even read people. While it may seem introverts are always zoned out, we’re actually analyzing and thinking of creative ideas to one day share with you.
Introverts also keep the world balanced. In a world that can’t stop talking, the ability to listen to what each other has to say is an important virtue that will assist us in building peaceful relationships of understanding. 48 . By listening to whatever people pour out, introverts help maintain the order of the world.
Introverts can self-recharge. Though the outgoing may gain their energy through mixing in crowds, introverts are self-recharging powerhouses. 49 . Their energy is found through loneliness.
50 . In the noise of chatterboxes, their voices often get drowned out. There’s nothing more disappointing to an introvert than finally taking advantage of a moment to speak, only to be interrupted by the extroverts (外向者）. While extroverts may speak every thought that comes to mind, an introvert will choose their thoughts carefully and only speak of the ones they think their best to share. So next time, all you have to do is to be willing to listen.
A．Unluckily, introverts are faced with a big challenge.
B．And this is exactly what our introverts are born with.
C．Introverts have shown the potential to be great leaders.
D．Extroverted people would have no one to listen to them.
E．Instead, we should appreciate introverts for various reasons.
F．They don’t need to constantly put themselves out there to be lively.
G．Just because we introverts don’t say much doesn’t always mean we’re clueless.
（2024·湖南·二模）Those who consciously focus on each inhalation (吸气) and exhalation (呼气) could gain some impressive health benefits, especially for those that struggle with meditation (冥想).
A new controlled study among 108 participants (divided into two groups: breathing and meditation)found that over the course of a month, five minutes of daily breath techniques provided similar benefits to mood and anxiety as five minutes of meditation. 51 The study suggests breathing exercises may be a more “effective and powerful” mental health tool than meditation in the treatment of anxiety.
52 Those who spent five minutes working on their breath each day showed the most stress relief at the end of the month, with day-on-day improvements in their mental and physiological health.
What’s more, the study tested three different breathing techniques. 53 Participants who were asked to practice cyclic sighing — when exhalations are pronounced and prolonged — showed greater improvements than those who were asked to practice box breathing-when inhalation, a pause, and exhalation all match in duration — or cyclic hyperventilation (强力呼吸) — when inhalations are longer and exhalations are shorter.
Previous studies have shown that inhalations increase heart rate while exhalations decrease it. Perhaps that’s why cyclic sighing is so effective in relaxing the body and mind. Box breathing, on the other hand, is often used by military personnel to remain calm. 54 As humans, we never fully have control over our bodies. 55 Practicing a moment of control, even simply to sigh, could be just what the doctor ordered.
A．One of them seemed to perform the best.
B．That is a reality which shouldn’t go unnoticed.
C．Each of the techniques showed the same benefit.
D．Cyclic hyperventilation, on occasion, is used to relieve panic.
E．In fact, participants from the breathing group were even better off.
F．During the study, participants reported on their mood and vital signs.
G．There’s something about controlled breathing that seems to set it apart.
（23-24高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）China’s Qiantang River is famous for a unique natural phenomenon, a wavy pattern tide that was observed in 2021.
The Qiantang River’s estuary (河口) in Zhejiang Province has long been famous for having the strongest tidal waves in the world. 56 However, in 2021, researchers discovered another natural phenomenon unique to this estuary. Under specific conditions, the tide comes in waves that look like fish scales (鳞) on the water’s surface. 57
The exact reason for this unusual tide pattern’s occurrence is still being discussed. Different sources give different reasons. 58
“The area is also known to have rotating currents, meaning that the tide does not simply move inland and then change its direction,” Nicole Sharp writes. 59 “This unique characteristic creates an ideal environment for waves to crash into each other at various angles. Two sets of waves meet at a crossroads, creating cool wave patterns.”
According to the media, astronomy, topography, and wind directions are the main factors that produce the “fish scale tide”. 60 So does the shape of the estuary — very narrow at the river mouth, but then very wide where it meets the sea.
Whatever the exact necessary conditions for the occurrence of the “fish scale tide” may be, one thing is for sure-it rarely happens.
A．The phenomenon is known as the ”fish scale tide".
B．Instead, a rotating current can change its direction during a tidal cycle without changing its speed.
C．People always get endangered there.
D．Apparently, the moon and the sun play a big part in the phenomenon.
E．Besides, the weather conditions are of great importance.
F．For example, FyFluidDyamics believes that the phenomenon is the result of a series of factors.
G．At times, they can get as tall as nine meters.
（2024·湖南·二模）To create paper and other wood products, millions of new trees must be planted each year. 61
Don’t use products that come with excessive (过度的) packaging.
62 A candy may come in an individual wrapper (包装纸), within a bag that’s also placed inside a box. Buy items that haven’t been wrapped several times. 63 Next time you or your family go shopping, make sure you take reusable bags and buy things without packaging.
64
Another large cause of paper waste is takeout food containers. They are often made of paper products or packed in paper bags. Next time you and your family decide to eat out for a meal, request that you sit down in the restaurant instead of taking the food in to-go containers. Most fast food restaurants use paper products to individually wrap all food. Therefore, ask your family if you can cat at a conventional sit-down restaurant for your next night out.
Encourage others to save paper.
To have an even bigger impact, you can encourage others to save paper as well. One of the best ways to reach the most people is to put up signs that inform people how they can help. 65 They will help raise awareness of the importance of protecting trees. Make sure you print or draw your signs on reused paper (like the back of old homework). Trash containers and recycling bins are a great place for signs.
A．Choose to use paper plates and dishes.
B．Here are some ways to save paper.
C．It is a good way to reduce paper waste from packaging.
D．Many grocery stores provide paper bags to pack groceries.
E．Dine in instead of using takeout containers at restaurants.
F．Many of today’s consumer items are wrapped several times.
G．There are lots of signs that you can print off from the Internet.
（23-24高三下·湖南邵阳·开学考试）How To Spend The Holidays Productively
To get the most out of your holidays, you can make a calendar of the things you need to do and schedule in time for a mixture of fun activities and productive tasks.
Create a calendar of everything you want to do over the holidays.If you want to keep yourself on a regular schedule over your holiday break, making a calendar can help you stay organized. 66 Then, work everything else around those events.
Spend time learning or improving a skill, a craft, or a hobby.If you have a lot of free time over the holidays, try using that time to learn something new. 67 Or you might try learning to play a new song if you play the guitar.You can also try something totally new, like cross-stitching, building a model car, or brewing beer.
68 The hustle (忙碌) of the holidays can sometimes be stressful, and there are usually a lot of tasty treats to tempt you into eating unhealthily.Luckily, you can help counteract both of these things by spending about 30 minutes a day exercising. For instance, you might go for a jog on a track, try some light aerobic exercise, or do weight training.
Volunteer to help out in your community. 69 Most communities have a year-round need for volunteers, although you may find that there are more opportunities around the holiday season, when many organizations run extra clothing and food drives.
Create a plan for the year ahead.As the year draws to a close, take a little time to think about your year ahead. 70
A．Exercise each day to stay healthy and relieve stress.
B．Start by filling in the most important things you need to do.
C．Set aside time for any work or schoolwork you need to get done.
D．You might practice a new drawing technique if you love art, for instance.
E．Look online or reach out to nonprofits in your area to find out how you can help.
F．Spend your holiday break building contacts by looking up networking events near you.
G．By setting clear, achievable goals to accomplish, you’ll stay focused throughout the year.
（23-24高三下·湖南·阶段练习）A sense of humor is, simply put, the ability to be amused. Most people have it, and are able to laugh at jokes, humorous situations, and a variety of other potential sources of amusement. 71
72 The ability to laugh can drive away tension, for example, while an understanding of complex situations can help people to make good decisions. People with a well-developed sense of humor appear to be happier in psychological studies, and some are healthier as well, suggesting that it may just be good for you.
A number of factors influence someone’s sense of humor. 73 Toddlers, for example, tend to be highly amused by pratfalls and slapstick, while teenagers may delight in irony. As people age and what they find funny develops and matures, they are also influenced by their educational level, the surrounding culture, and their religious faith. 74 Others, on the contrary, find them disrespectful and distasteful.
Many people believe that what a person finds funny is something that develops on its own, and that you cannot teach someone to understand why jokes, comments, situations, and events are funny. 75 Children, for example, benefit from play and demonstrations of humor, along with encouragements to laugh. While some children’s jokes might seem rather silly to adults, encouraging children to tell jokes and to think about what makes things funny, can help them develop a sense of humor. Older people can also boost this ability by paying attention to ways in which humor manifests around them.
A．Age is a big issue.
B．Here are some tricks to develop sense of humor.
C．Humor appears to be a vital part of better survival.
D．Some people have a unique or odd sense of humor.
E．There are, however, things one can do to enhance it.
F．Generally, humor is considered to be crucial for human development.
G．Some Christian groups, for example, have a deep appreciation for Bible jokes.
（23-24高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）By being involved in your community improvement, you can gain a sense of achievement. Oftentimes, when we feel dissatisfied with how things are done in our community, it can be tempting (有诱惑力的) to pull back entirely from getting involved. 76 The problem is that the road to community improvement depends on the work of tons of volunteers who work tirelessly for improvement. So before you decide how you’ll get involved, consider what you’d like to see as a result from your service. Here are a few of the benefits to consider:
You can make small, everyday improvements to your community. You may not notice when the park is looking especially clean. 77 Living in a community that seems loved and cared-for has a huge impact on our general sense of well-being and happiness.
78 There are many people who’d like to get involved but don’t know how. By seeking out involvement opportunities, you can set a good example and you can also help others find the resources and information they need to get involved.
You can develop good values in your family. Kids are hugely impacted by the values of their parents, so demonstrate to your kids the importance of civic activities by getting involved in community efforts. 79
Start something big. If you’ve noticed something going on in your area that you think is a problem, the chances are that others have noticed it, too. Even if they haven’t, once it’s been brought to their attention, they’ll be likely to have an opinion on it. 80 In this way, you can start something big!
A．Consider your role in the community.
B．You can set a good example for others.
C．So why not bring attention to these kinds of issues
D．However, you’ll notice when it’s looking especially dirty.
E．Local organizations in your community can be of help.
F．During these times, we tend to feel like our voices don’t matter.
G．Include them in any efforts where it’ll be safe for kids to participate.
