04 数词和主谓一致专项复习课件 2024中考英语二轮复习（知识讲解+真题解析+能力拔高）【通用版】

(共52张PPT)
04 数词主谓一致专项复习
2024年中考二轮复习
Content
命题趋势分析
01
知识系统构建
02
知识点(真题)解析
03
能力拔高特训
04
目录
命题趋势分析
数词的命题方向主要以点：
一、基数词和序数词的表达方式；
二、一些特殊数词的表达，如分数，百分数；
三、一些不确定数量的表示。
主谓一致的命题方向主要以点：
针对三个原则进行命题
从近几年的中考情况来看，数词是是必考的命题点，主要考察系数词的表达，分数的表达等，用hundred和thousand表达不确定的数量，也是属于高频考点。
主谓一致，主要是针对三个原则进行考察，具体的每一个小点都可能考察，也是属于高频考点。
考察的题型主要以选择题和填空题为主。
知识系统构建
数词
主谓一致
知识点(真题)
解析
表示数字、数目和顺序的词叫做数词。
数词分为基数词和序数词，基数词表示事物的数量，序数词表示顺序。
one two nineteen
first seventh thirtieth
数词的定义和分类
数词定义和分类
数词的表示方法
基数词的表示法
数 构成方法 写法
1－12 独立成词 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve
13--19 由3－9 + teen构成 14–fourteen 16--sixteen 17--seventeen 19—nineteen
特殊拼写: 13– thirteen 15--fifteen 18—eighteen
20－90 以-ty结尾 20—twenty 30---thirty 40—forty 50—fifty
60---sixty 70---seventy 80---eighty 90—ninety
数 构成方法 写法
21－99 两位数，十位与个位之间有 “—” 21 twenty—one 55 fifty—five
99 ninety—nine
101—999 三位数，百位与十位/个位之间加and 101 one hundred and one
840 eight hundred and forty
693 six hundred and ninety-three
1000以上 从右向左每三位用“,”分开，分别读为thousand, million, billion 6,500,431,729 six billion,five hundred million,four hundred and thirty-one thousand seven hundred and twenty-nine
序数词的表示法
数 构成方法 写法
1－3 独立成词 first, second, third
4－19 相应基数词+th fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth,
seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth.
20－90 y变成ie +th twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetieth
数 构成方法 写法
21－99 只把个位的基数词变成序数词 twenty-first, ninety-ninth
序数词缩写 数字＋最后两字母 1st, 2nd, 3rd ,4th…
【口诀巧记】
基变序，有规律，结尾加上th; 一二三，特殊记，结尾字母t,d,d;
八去t，九去e，f来把ve替; ty将y变ie，后加?th别忘记；
要是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。
1．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）My grandma told me the number “9” stands for “Long lasting”. So I chose the ________ floor to live on.
A．nine B．eighth C．ninth
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我奶奶告诉我数字“9”代表“持久”。所以我选择住在九楼。
考查序数词。nine九；eighth第八；ninth第九。根据“My grandma told me the number ‘9’ stands for ‘Long lasting’”以及表示楼层应用序数词可知，应用“第九”，故选C。
真题再现
一些特殊数的表示法
1.分数的表示方法
分数是由基数词和序数词合成的，分子用基数词,分母用序数词，分子是1时，分母(序数词)用单数形式；分子大于1时，分母用复数形式，序数词加－s，当分数前面带有整数时，要用连词and连接。
如：1/3 one/a third 2/3two-thirds 4/5four-fifths
【点拨】分数读法
数学中可以都用基数词读,如1/2读作one over two或者a/one half,2/3读作two over three,3/4读作three over four.
2.小数
小数的读法是：小数点(point)前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同,小数点后则须将数字一一读出
0.25 zero point two five 1.34 one point three four
3.百分数
百分数中的百分号“％”读作percent，无复数形式。
5% five percent 0.8% zero point eight percent
100% one hundred percent 45% forty-five percent
4.倍数
英语用twice/double表示两倍，两倍以上用基数词加times表示。
This room is three times as large as that one.这个房间有那个房间三倍大。
He is double my age.他的年龄是我的两倍。
【知识拓展】
hundred, thousand, million等词的用法
1.表示确切数目时,用基数词加hundred, thousand, million等，这些词后不加s。
The volunteers sent two hundred books to a mountain village school on Children's Day.在儿童节那天,志愿者向一所山村学校寄了两百本书.
2.表示不确切的数目时,hundred, thousand, million等后加s且与of连用
Do you know that the Earth is home to millions of animals 你知道地球是数百万动物的家园吗
用基数词表示年龄
1.一般情况下多用“基数词＋year(s)+old”表示年龄,也可以直接用基数词表示年龄。
I'm 18 years old when I start to live on my own.我开始独立生活时18岁。
He is a student,15,from Anhui.他是一个学生，15岁，来自安徽。
2.表示一个人具体的岁数时,可以用“at the age of+基数词＂“at the+基数词”或“at+基数词”
He started to learn piano at the age of seven.他在7岁的时候开始学习钢琴。
3.“in one's+整十基数词的复数形式”可表示“在某人几十岁时”
He went to London in his twenties.他在二十多岁时去了伦敦。
四则运算表示法
1.运算符号
＋读作:plus/and －读作:minus/from/take away
x读作:times/multiplied by ÷读作:over/divided by
＝读作:equal(s)/is equal to,或is/are,或makes/make
2.算式的读法
3+6=9 Three plus six is nine. 5+5= How much is five plus five
10-5=5 Ten minus five is five. 4x2=8 Four times two is eight.
20÷4=5 Twenty divided by four is five. 25-5= How much is twenty-five minusfive
1．（2023·甘肃白银·统考中考真题）—What’s thirty and ten
—It’s ________.
A．forty B．fifty C．seventy D．eighty
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——三十加十是多少？——四十。
考查数字运算。forty四十；fifty五十；seventy七十；eighty八十。根据“What’s thirty and ten”以及常识可知三十加十是四十。故选A。
真题再现
2．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）People plant ______ trees on Tree- Planting Day every year.
A．hundred B．hundreds of C．hundreds
【答案】B
【详解】句意：人们在每年的植树节种数百棵树。
考查数词的表达。hundred的表达：表示具体的数量，用基数词+hundred的单数形式；表示概数，用hundred的复数形式+of，此处表示的是概数，应填hundreds of，故选B。
3．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）The number of the fans going to this concert is about three ________. And ________ of them are girls.
A．thousand; two third B．thousands; two third
C．thousand; two thirds D．thousands; two thirds
【答案】C
【详解】句意：去听这场音乐会的歌迷大约有三千人，其中三分之二是女孩。考查thousand和分数的表达。thousand被具体的基数词修饰时，用单数形式，且不与of连用，表示具体的数词，空前有three，所以第一空填thousand；分数的表达：分子（基数词）/分母（序数词），当分子大于1时，分母中的序数词要变为复数，所以三分之二则表达为“two thirds”，故选C。
数词的句法功能
1.作主语
The first is yours.第一个是你的。
How many of you are making the trip There are four of us.你们有多少人去旅行？我们有4人。
2.作宾语
He was among the first to arrive.他是首批到达的人之一。
Give me two.给我两个。
3.作表语
Six times six is thirty-six.6乘6等于36。
Marx was already fifty when he began to study Russian.马克思开始学俄语时已经50岁了。
4.作定语
Now, let's come to the second picture.现在让我们看第二幅图画。
There are five different time zones in the United States.在美国有五个不同的时区。
5.作同位语
We will have a speech contest on Monday, the 28th of May.我们将于5月28日星期一举行演讲比赛。
Is there room for us two 有我们两个人的位置吗？
主谓一致的概念
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主语的人称有第一人称、第二人称、第三人称，数有单复数之分，谓语有单复数之分。
主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
概念
语法一致原则
指的是主语为单数形式时，谓语动词使用单数形式，主语如果为复数形式，那么谓语动词也使用复数形式。
Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。
主语 谓语 例句
单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句 单数 The young man is from Shandong．
那个年轻人来自山东。
To study English well is not easy．
学好英语是不容易的。
复数名词或代词 复数 They all like their hometown．
他们都喜欢他们的家乡。
主语 谓语 例句
what引导的主语从句 一般用 单数 What we need now is time．
我们现在需要的是时间。
what引导的主语从句表示复数意义 复数 What I bought were three books．
我买的是三本书。
由连词and或both．．． and．．．连接的并列主语 复数 Lucy and Lily are twins．
露西和莉莉是双胞胎。
主语 谓语 例句
单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as 等引起的短语 单数 She,like you and Tom,is very tall．
她像你和汤姆一样，个子很高。
the＋形容词/过去分词 复数 The poor have friends in the world，too．穷人在世上也有朋友。
主语 谓语 例句
在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语 谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致 He is one of my friends who are working hard．他是我努力学习的朋友中的一个。
由“a lot of，plenty of，the rest of，most of＋名词”或“分数、百分数＋名词”构成的短语 根据短语中名 词的数而定 50% of the students in our class are girls．我们班50%的学生是女孩。
1．（2023·四川自贡·统考中考真题）— What’s your plan for the coming Dragon Boat Festival
— Most of us ______ ready to make zongzi.
A．is B．are C．have
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你对即将到来的端午节有什么计划？——我们大多数人都准备包粽子。
考查固定短语及主谓一致。be ready to do sth.“准备好做某事”，排除C选项。Most of us作主语，表复数概念，故用be动词are。故选B
真题再现
意义一致原则
指的是谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达单复数意义，而不取决于表面上的语法联系。
My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。
情况 例句
and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常用复数；但是and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物时，谓语使用单数。 The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
none作主语，谓语动词可以用单数，也可以用复数 None has been there before．以前没人去过那里。
None want to leave now．现在没人想走。
each，either，neither或由some，any，no，every构成的合成词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Neither of the books is interesting．两本书都没趣。
Nobody likes you if you do so．你若这样做，没有人喜欢你。
Everything is ready．万事俱备。
Each of them wants to come．他们每个人都想来。
情况 例句
＂the number of+复数名词＂作主语谓语用单数; ＂a(good/large) number of+复数名词＂作主语，谓语动词用复数。 The number of the students is over eight hundred. 学生人数超过八百。
A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500. 许多教师今天都出席了，有500人。
由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，如chopsticks，glasses，shoes，socks，stockings, trousers, boots等。若此类名词被＂a kind of/a pair of’’修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard. 剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。
A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼镜的售价很高。
主语 谓语 例句
集体名词当整体看待 单数 Her family has moved to Beijing．
她全家搬到北京去了。
集体名词当 各个成员看待 复数 Her family are watching TV now．
她的家人现在正在看电视。
表示数目、时间、金钱、距离的名词 单数 Sixty minutes is an hour．60分钟是一小时。
One hundred dollars is enough．100美元就够了。
cattle，people，police等作主语 复数 The cattle are sold up．牛都卖完了。
The police ask us not to come by．警察让我们不要靠近。
就近一致原则
指的是主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词的单复数形式应与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致。
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
主语 谓语 例句
由either... or...连接 由or后的主语决定 Either he or you are wrong．他或者你错了。
Either you or he is wrong．你或者他错了。
由neither... nor...连接 由nor后的主语决定 Neither these nor that fits me．这些和那个都不适合我。
Neither that nor these fit me．那个和这些都不适合我。
主语 谓语 例句
由not only... but also...连接 由but also后 的主语决定 Not only he but also we have seen it．不但他而且我们也看过它了。
Not only we but also he has seen it．不但我们而且他也看过它了。
there be＋并列主语 由靠近be的主 语决定 There is a pen and two books on it．它上面有一支钢笔和两本书。
There are two books and a pen on it．它上面有两本书和一支钢笔。
here be＋并列主语 由靠近be的主 语决定 Here is a letter and two stamps．这里有一封信和两张邮票。
Here are two stamps and a letter．这里有两张邮票和一封信。
1．（2023·甘肃白银·统考中考真题）There ________ a big tree behind the shop. You can see many birds in it.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
【答案】A
【详解】句意：商店后面有一棵大树。你可以在里面看到许多鸟。
考查时态和主谓一致。根据“There ... a big tree behind the shop.”可知陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“a big tree”是单数，be动词用is。故选A。
真题再现
能力拔高特训
一、单项选择
1.Nowadays, ________ birds fly to the warm south in winter.
A．million B．millions C．two millions D．millions of
2.About ________ of my classmates help their parents do housework on weekends.
A．two fifths B．second five C．second fifths
3.Ten years later, China’s Qieyang Shijie finally got the Olympic gold medal(奖牌). She came ________ in the women’s 20km race walk at the London 2012 Olympics.
A．the thirds B．third C．three D．the three
D
A
B
4. It was my grandma’s ________ birthday yesterday. We had a big family dinner.
A．eighty B．the eightieth C．eighties D．eightieth
5. —What do you think of the environment here, Mr. Wang
—Wonderful! ________ of the land is covered with trees and grass.
A．Two fives B．Two fifth C．Twice fifths D．Two fifths
6. —Let’s go to the bookstore at half past nine tomorrow morning.
—It’s too late. Let’s make it _______.
A．a quarter to nine B．twenty to ten
C．a quarter to ten D．nine thirty
D
D
A
7. —Which of the three pictures do you like best, Kang Kang
—The ________ picture! I think it’s the most beautiful!
A．two B．three C．first D．one
8.—________ people prefer HUAWEI phones, and about ________ of them are adults.
—Yes. HUAWEI is very popular nowadays.
A．The number of; four-fifths B．A number of; four-fifth
C．A number of; four-fifths D．The number of; four-five
9.The number of the cars in our neighbourhood ________ about eight ________.
A．is; hundred B．are; hundred C．is; hundreds D．are; hundreds
C
C
A
10.The Black family _________ very large. All the family ________ animal lovers.
A．is; are B．is; is C．are; is D．are; are
11.Look! There are some ________ eating grass on the hill.
A．sheep B．cow C．horse
12.People in the city often ________ country life, big yards, fresh air.
A．misses B．thinks C．miss D．think
A
A
C
13.There ________ a volleyball game next Saturday. If it ________ we’ll have to put it off.
A．is going to be; rains B．is going to be; will rain
C．is going to have; will rain D．is going to have; rains
14.Neither Saturday nor Sunday________ OK because I will be quite busy these two days.
A．are B．is C．am D．be
15.—Wow, how clean and tidy our streets are now.
—Don’t you know that Mr. Zhang, together with other cleaners ________
A．tidies them up B．tidied them up
C．have tidied them up D．has tidied them up
A
B
D
16.Nowadays, ________ people like HUAWEI phones better, and ________ them is over 300 million.
A．a number of; a number of B．a number of; the number of
C．the number of; a number of D．the number of; the number of
17.— A recent survey shows 30 out of 45 students in my class will save their phones in a fire.
— _______ of the students made such a choice Life is far more important, isn’t it
A．Half B．Two thirds C．Three quarters
18.It is reported that ________ people lose their lives because of the COVID-19 every day.
A．thousand of B．thousands of C．five thousand of
B
B
B
19.Neither I nor he ________ where the train station is.
A．knew B．knows C．know D．didn’t know
20.The custom of weighing people at the Start of Summer was popular in the past. It’s believed that ________ health ________ good luck were brought to the people weighed.
A．either; or B．neither; nor C．not only; but also D．both; and
21.________ should not be allowed to go out alone at midnight. That’s too dangerous.
A．Twelve years old B．Twelve-year-olds C．Twelve-year-old
D
B
B
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Look at the photo! The ________ (nine) boy from the right is my best friend.
2.My flat is on the ________ (eight) floor. It has a good view of Xinghai Park.
3.If you’d like to use the bathroom, it’s the _________ (two) door on the right.
ninth
eighth
second
4. Beijing, the capital of China, is world’s ________ (one) city to host Olympic Games twice.
5.Different activities were held to celebrate the __________ (hundred) birthday of the Communist Youth League of China last month.
first
hundredth
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
中小学教育资源网站
兼职招聘：
https://www.21cnjy.com/recruitment/home/admin