2024届上海中学生高考英语高中语法全解与练习（有答案）
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高考英语语法专项练习与讲解
目录
第一章 名词
第二章 代词
第三章 数词
第四章 介 词
第五章 连词与感叹词
第六章 形容词和副词
第七章 冠词
第八章 动词与动词短语
第九章 动词时态与语态
第十章 非谓语动词
第十一章 助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气
第十二章 定语从句
第十三章 名词性从句
第十四章 状语从句
第十五章 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句
第十六章 特殊句式
第十七章 句子、句子成分与主谓一致
第十八章 交际用语
高考英语 第一章名词
真题精析
1. The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _______ of 60 miles. 【全国IV】
A. length B. distance C. way D. space
2. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children’s . 【天津】
A. reach B. hand C. hold D. place
3. The environmentalists and wild goats’ _________ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment. 【上海】
A. escape B. absence C. attendance D. appearance
4. In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _____ in personality. 【上海】
A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict
5. Chinese arts have won the _________ of a lot of people outside China.
【上海】
A. enjoyment B. appreciation C. entertainment D. reputation
6. “I don’t think it’s my that the TV blew up . I just turned it on , that’s all ,” said the boy . 【上海】
A．error B．mistake C．fault D．duty
7. —I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.
—There is no ____for this while you are on duty. 【北京】
A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. explanation
8. The manager has got a good business _________ so the company is doing well. 【北京】
A. idea B. sense C. thought D. thinking
9. To regain their after an exhausting game , the players lay in the grass. 【上海】
A. force B. energy C. power D. health
10.According to the recent research , heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily and effect. 【上海】
A. reason B. impact C. fact D. cause
11.Every new has the possibility of making or losing money. 【上海】
A. event B. venture C. adventure D. expectation
12. As a result of destroying the forests , a large of desert covered the land. 【上海】
A. number…has B. quantity… has
C. number… have D. quantity…have
13. In the botanic garden we can find a (n) of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers. 【上海】
species B. group C. amount D. variety
14. ---- Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree
---- No, it’s out of . 【上海】
A. range B. reach C. control D. distance
15. The life of London is made up of many different . 【上海】
A. elements B. sections C. materials D. realities
16. You'll find this map of great _____ in helping you to get round London. 【NMET】
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
17. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a _______.【NMET】
A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice
18. I'll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little . 【NMET】
A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest
19. He gained his by printing of famous writers. 【NMET】
A. wealth; work B. wealths works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works
20. Here's my card. Let's keep in ______. 【MET】
A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship
【答案与解析】
B 该题考查名词的辨析。length长度，distance距离，way路途，space空间。从from…60 miles判断此处指的是距离。故选B。句意：从六十英里远的地方可以看到在Rushmore山上的四位美国著名总统的头像。
2. A 该题根据交际情景考查名词辨析。beyond [above, out of] one's [the] reach意为：达不到的，力所不及的，不能理解。是习惯用语。句意：我把药放在书橱顶上，孩子够不着。
3. D 考查名词的词义辨析。句意：环境保护论者和野山羊的出现，预示了环境的改善。escape“逃脱，逃避”；absence“缺乏，缺席”；attendance“出席，伺候，照料”；appearance“出现，露面，外观”，D符合句子意思要求。
4. D 名词词义辨析。句子的意思为“在处理公共关系上，我们应该尽量避免在个性方面的冲突”。contact“接触，联系”，contrast “对比，对照”，connection“连接，关系”，conflict“斗争，冲突”。
5. B 名词词义辨析。句子意思为“中国艺术在海外赢得了正确的评价”。Enjoyment“享乐，快乐”，appreciation“欣赏，正确评价，感谢”，entertainment“款待，娱乐”，reputation“名誉，名声”。
6. C 辨析名词的词义，error差错（主要指行为不正），mistake错误（意见，想法或行为上的错误）fault过失.毛病。duty 义务.任务，句意为“电视机爆炸不是我的过错，我只是打开了开关，就这些”，因此C为最佳选择。
7. B 该题是交际情景中考查四个名词的辨析。excuse意为：藉口；托辞；cause意为：原因, 导致某事发生的人或事。cause用于表示具有明显因果关系的原因。reason 意为：理由,动机, 前提；reason有时能与cause换用，但上下文必须有能够查得出的或可以解释得出的因果关系。如果某“结果”是不言而喻的，也可以用reason表示“原因”；explanation意为：解释, 解说, 说明。据题意：――对不起我刚才出去抽烟了。我很累了。――你在值班，对此不要找借口。此处只是为自己当值时外出找借口，故选答案B。
8. B考查对名词意义的辨析。sense理解力；鉴赏力；辨识力。a good business sense 有经济头脑。句意：这位经理有很强的经商意识，因此公司运营良好。
9．B 考查对名词意义的辨析。force（力，暴力）energy（精力，能量）power（体力，智力，精力），但常用复数形式，health（健康，健康状况），因此B为正确答案。句意：为了在令人疲惫的运动后恢复体力，运动员们躺在草坪上。
10.D 考查对名词意义的辨析，reason（理由），impact（强烈印象或影响），fact（事实）cause（原因.起因.原由），上述四词中只cause一词与effect对应（原因与结果）。
11.B 考查对名词意义的辨析，event（事件.重要事件）venture（冒险事业）adventure（冒险.冒险的经历）expectation（期望.期待）句子意思为“每一项新的冒险事业，都有可能挣钱或者陪钱”，因此B为正确答案。
12.B 考查名词的数与主谓一致。a large number of修饰可数名词。a large quantity修饰不可数名词。desert为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。正确答案为B。
13. D 考查名词的辨析。species物种）；group组，群，amount总数，数量；variety多样性。句意为“在植物园我们可以看到多种多样的植物，他们从高树延伸到小花朵。”D符合意思要求。
14.A 考查名词的辨析。range射程；reach手所及的范围，伸出；control控制；distance距离。句意为“你能射掉树顶上的那只鸟吗？不，它在射程之外。”A符合意思要求。
15.A该题考查名词辨析。 elements元素，组成部分；sections切片，部分，零件；material材料，原料，资料；realities现实，真相，真实之物。句意为：“伦敦的生活是由许多种不同的部分组成的”A符合意思要求。
16. C 该题考查名词辨析。根据题意：这张地图在帮助你游览伦敦方面很重要。price：价格；cost费用，成本，价钱, 代价；usefulness：有用, 有效性；value：价值，重要性，有益处；of value 相当于valuable 意为：有价值的，很重要的。
17. A 该题考查对句意的理解。句意为“如果偶然有人来看我,请他们留下口信”。 leave a message 意为：留下口信，准确地表达了这一意思。与message搭配的还有：take a message for sb 捎口信，receive a message ：收到口信。
18. C 该题考查根据句意的理解辨别名词的用法。句意: “我将尽可能快地调查此事。请要有耐心。”just用在祈使句的开头，表示“试，请”用于安抚对方“要有耐心”。 patience意为： 忍耐, 耐心，符合题意。have a little time与句意不符；D项不仅与句意不符。且表示“休息一会儿”常用have a rest。 wait作名词用时是可数名词，不能和a little搭配。
19. D 该题考查名词的类别。wealth（财富）是不可数名词，没有复数形式，不能加s。Work 作“工作”之意时为不可数名词；用作“著作”时，是可数名词，常用复数works。句意:“他通过印刷著名作家的作品获取了巨大的财富”。
第二节 考点归纳
名词是非常重要的一类词，也是高考常考内容之一。《全国考试说明》附录 语法项目表中对名词考查列了四项：1）可数名词与不可数名词2）专有名词 3）名词的复数形式4）所有格。纵观历年高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：名词的单复数形式、名词的所有格的构成及应用、不可数名词的辨认、名词的功能、名词辨义等。
一、可数名词与不可数名词
英语名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是表示可以计数的人、事物的名词。可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式，有些词的单复数形式相同。不可数名词是表示不可以计数的事物的名词。不可数名词一般不分单数和复数，也不能直接与a/an连用。一般说来，个体名词是可数名词;抽象名词、"物质名词和专有名词是不可数名词;集体名词根据情况，有时用作可数名词，有时用作不可数名词。有时有些物质名词和抽象名词也可转用作个体名词。
（一） 可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语。
适应情况 修饰语
只修饰可数名词单数 a/an，one，another，either，neither，every，many a
只修饰可数名词复数 these，those，few，many，a good/great many，a good/great number of，both，several以及二以上的数词
只修饰不可数名词 a little，a bit of，much，a great/good deal of，a great/large/small amount of
既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词 the，one's，some，any，no，all，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a large/small quantity of，which，what，other，half，one-third
注意：some在解释为 "某一"，any在解释为"任何"时也可修饰可数名词单数。this和that只能修饰可数名词单数和不可数名词，last，next，the other和序数词 只 能修饰可数名词单数和复数。
（二）单复数形式分别表示不同的意义
单数 复数
名词 意义 名词 意义
time 时间 times 次数;倍;时代
wood 木头 woods 森林
sand 沙子 sands 沙滩
cloth 布 clothes 衣服
glass 玻璃 glasses 玻璃杯; 眼镜
work 工作 works 工厂; 著作; 工事
force 力量 forces 军队
good 益处 goods 货物
coffee 咖啡 coffees 几杯咖啡
air 空气 airs 架子，神气
（三）常用的不可数名词
advice, bread, butter, baggage, chalk, clothing, furniture, fun, homework, information, juice, luggage, luck, music, milk, progress, permission, practice, rice, soap, weather, work等，
（四）不可数的抽象名词在表示具体事物的时为可数名词
beauty, coffee, failure, honour, success, difficulty, experience, trouble
二、专有名词
专有名词是指表示人名、地方、团体或事物的名称的词。专有名词的实词部要大写词首字母。专有名词一般不加冠词，但在由普通名词或形容词构成的；表示全体国民的；表示一家人或夫妇的形式复数前；书报名称；团体或公共建筑名称前；江海平原等前加定冠词。
Abraham Lincoln 亚伯拉罕·林肯 London 伦敦 Canada 加拿大
the United States of America 美利坚合众国 the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂
the Smiths 史密斯夫妇 the Pacific Ocean太平洋
the Germans德国人民 the Rich富人
三、名词的复数形式
可数名词有单、复数两种形式。单数用原形，复数有词形变化。该词形变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(一)规则复数形式的构成
变化规则 适用情况 例词
在词尾加-s 一般名词 book→books lake→lakes
以元音字母+y结尾 boy→boys way→ways
以元音字母加-o结尾 radio→radios zoo→zoosbamboo→bamboos
在词尾加-es 以s, x, ch, sh等结尾 box→boxes bus→buses watch→watches brush→brushes
以辅音字母加-o结尾 hero→heroes tomato→tomatoes
变y为i, 再加-es 以辅音字母+y结尾 story→stories city→cities
将-f或-fe变为v再加-es knife→knives thief→thieves life→lives leaf→leaves
(二)不规则复数形式的构成
不以加词尾-s或-es构成的名词复数都为不规则复数，大体有以下几种情况。
1.通过内部元音变化构成复数。如:
foot→feet man→men goose→geese woman→women
tooth→teeth mouse→mice
2.以加词尾-en构成复数。如:
ox→oxen child→children
3.单数和复数为同一形式。如:
a sheep→two sheep a deer→two deer
a Chinese→two Chinese
4.合成名词，将主体词变为复数形式。如:
passer-by→passers-by 过路人 new-comer→new-comers 移民
son-in-law→sons-in-law 女婿 editor-in-chief→ editors-in-chief主编
5.两个构成部分都要变成复数。如:
man doctor→men doctors 男医生
woman teacher→women teachers 女教师
6.一些外来词的复数形式通常以-es，-a结尾。
analysis→analyses 分析 bacterium→bacteria 细菌
basis→bases 基础 crisis→crises 危机
phenomenon→phenomena 现象 thesis→theses 论文
[注意]在使用名词单、复数时还要注意的几个问题
1.有些名词通常只有复数形式。如:
clothes衣服 trousers裤子
goods货物 compasses圆规
scissors剪刀 arms武器
2.单、复数形式词义不同。如:
glass 玻璃 glasses 眼镜
time 时间 times 倍，次，时代
work 工作 works 工厂，工事，作品
3.物质名词的复数形式一般表示不同的种类。如:
these foods 这些(不同种类的)食品 fruits (各种)水果
grasses (各种)草
4.有些名词形式上是单数，但意义上却是复数。如：
people 人民 cattle牛（总称） police警察 public公众
四、名词的所有格
所有格一般表示所有关系。有-‘s所有格和of所有格两种。
(一)'s所有格
下所有格主要用来表示有生命的东西的名词。's所有格的构成方法如下:
1.一般在名词词尾加’s，读音和名词单数变复数加-s时一样。如:
the girl's room 这女孩的房间 a peasant's family 一个农民的家庭
2.以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾只加“'”。如:
the teachers' reading-room 教师阅览室 the students' book 学生用书
3.在某些以-s结尾的专有名词后，也只加”'”。如:
James’ eyes詹姆斯的眼晴 Engels' praise恩格斯的赞扬
4.不以-s结尾的复数名词加's。如:
women's dress妇女的衣服 men's work 男人的工作
the children's room 孩子的房间
5.合成名词的所有格，在最后的一个名词的末尾加’s。如:
the editor-in-chief's office总编辑室 my father-in-law's house我岳父的房子
6.如果某物为两人共有，则只在后一个名词的词尾加's;如果表示各自的所有关系时，则各个名词词尾都加's。如:
Jim and Kate's house 吉姆和凯特的家
Mary's and Jack's books 玛丽的书和杰克的书
7.表示时间、距离、重量、地方等无生命的东西的名词，也可以用's构成所有关系。如:
ten minutes' walk l0分钟的步行
today'，newspaper 今天的报纸
one pound's weight l磅的重量
(二)of所有格
of所有格是以"of+名词"构成的一种词组形式，主要用于表示无生命东西的名词，表示所有关系。如:
the workshop of the factory 工厂的车间 the door of the room 房间的门
表示有生命东西的名词，也可用of所有格表示所有关系，或者表示主谓关系、动宾关系或事物的来源等。如:
the death of Stalin 斯大林的逝世
the arrival of the chairman 主席的到来
the laws of Newton 牛顿定律
(三)双重所有格
's所有格有时可以和of所有格结合在一起表示所有关系，这叫做"双重所有格"。
1.双重所有格的形式
1)of十名词所有格
a friend of my brother's.我弟弟的一位朋友
a new design of Mr. Brown's.布朗先生的一项新设计
2)of+名词性物主代词
a friend of mine我的一位朋友 a necklace of yours你的一条项链
2.双重所有格的几个特征
1)双重所有格所修饰的名词 (即of之前的名词)通常和不定冠词a及any，some，no，few，several等表示数量的词连用，表示"其中之一"或"其中一部分"的意思，但不可以和定冠词the连用。如:
This a book of my father's.这是我爸爸的一本书。
Have you read any books of Einstein's 你读过爱因斯坦的什么书吗
Some friends of my brother’s have arrived.我兄弟的几位朋友已经到了。
不能说:the play of Shakespeare's或the novels of Lu Xun's
2)“of十名词所有格”中的名词一般表示人，不能表示物;该名词必须是特指的，不能是泛指的，不能与不定冠词连用。如:
a friend of the doctor 这个大夫的一个朋友
some books of my brother's 我哥哥的一些书
不能说:
*a cover of the book's
*a friend of a doctor's
3)双重所有格修饰的名词和指示代词 this, that, these, those连用时，往往表示爱憎、褒贬等感彩，这时并不表示"部 分"的意思。 如:
That little daughter of your sister's is really a dear.
你姐姐的那个小女儿真逗人爱。
These remarks of yours are of great value to us.你的这些话对我们来说很有帮助。
3.of所有格与双重所有格的区别
有时of所有格与双重所有格在单句中意义较接近，知识则重点有所不同。如：
He is a friend of my father’s.=He is one of my father’s friends.（着重说明父亲不止他一个朋友）
He is a friend of my father.=It is he who is my father’s friend.(着重说明他是我父亲的唯一一个朋友)
但中心词是portrait,picture,printing,photograph等词时，后面用of所有格指某人自己的肖像、照片等；用双重所有格则表示某人所收藏的肖像、照片。
This is a picture of my father.照片上的人是我父亲。
This is a picture of my father’s.这照片属于我父亲收藏。
五、名词的语法功能
1、作主语
The young woman played an important part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。
His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age of fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。
2、作宾语
I met your elder brother in the street。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。
Do you still ask your parents for money 你还向爸妈要钱吗？
3、作表语
It's a good idea to plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。
She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker. 也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。
4、作宾语的补足语
They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）
The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。
5、作定语
（1）直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。
Let’s stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上，我们的书店停一下吧！
He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。
（2）man，woman，gentleman作定语
man，woman，gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。
He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。
There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。
（3）某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式。
arms production 武器生产 clothes shop服装商店 sales department营业部 a goods train货车
savings bank 储蓄所 foreign languages department外语系
（4）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。
Learning Skills center学习技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部
6、作状语
时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。
The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里
Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重10千克。
7、作同位语
Mr Black, president of the company, will visit Beijing next month.布莱克先生，公司的总裁，将于下月访问北京。
8、做状语
The rain lasted an hour.雨下了一个小时。
第三节 巩固提高
1. _______turn green in spring.
A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves
2. _______ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.
A. The Evens B. The Evens'
C. The Evenses D. The Evenses’
3. Dr. Smith is going to pull out one of my_______.
A. teeth B. tooth C. teeths D. tooths
4. ---I wonder whose bicycle it is.
---It might be my_______. (1985)
A. neighbour's B. dear neighbour
C. neighbour D. neighbours
5. Come and see me _______ two or three _______.
A. for; days B. after; days
C. in; day's time D. during; day time
6. Miss Smith ia a friend of________.
A.Mary’s mother’s B.Mary’s mother
C.Mother’s of Mary D.Mary mother’s
7. Tables are made of_______.
A. wood B. woods C. wooden D. some woods
8. Father went to his doctor for _______ about his heart trouble.
A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices
9. It is impossible for so _______ workers to do so _______ work in a single day.
A. few; much B. few; many C. little; much D. little; many
10. I need _______cloth, for I'm going to make_______clothes.
A. a lot of; many B. much; much
C. many; many D. many; a lot of
11. I'm afraid he did not do very well in the dictation. There were _______ spelling mistakes in it.
A. few B. a few of C. fewer D. quite a few
12. Let’s stop by the_______on the way home.
A.books store B.book’s store
C.book store D.store of books
13. The new law will come into _______ on the day it is passed.
A.effect B.use C.service D.existence
14. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _________.
A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed
15. We’ve missed the last bus.I’m afraid we have no______but to take a taxi.
A.way B.choice C.possibility D.selection
16. It has been ten years now since the Labour Party cam to______in that country.
A.power B.control C.force D.charge
17. Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ________.
A.energy B.source C.power D.material
18. These football players had no strict _______until they joined our club.
A.practice B.education C.exercise D.training
19. Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of_________.
A. energy B. source C. power D. material
20. My parents always let me have my own _________ of living.
A. way B. method C. manner D. fashion
21. Students sometimes support themselves by _________ of evening job.
A. ways B. offers C. means D. helps
22. To the sea captain's surprise, h& found that _________ travel could also be quite pleasant.
A. earth B. land C. ground D. plain
23. These football players had no strict _________ until they joined our club.
A. practice B. education C. exercise D. training
24. The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n)_________of courage and power.
A. example B. sign C. mark D. symbol
25. One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) in the number of natural disasters.
A．result B．account C．reason D．increase
26．Life is tough in the city .In order to lose their , some people drink alcohol.
A．temper B．mood C．consciousness D．pressures
27.The plural forms of the words “photo”and “potato”are________.
A.photoes and potatoes B. photos and potatos
C. photoes and potatos D. photos and potatoes
28.He found a lot of_______were_______.
A.passers-by;grown-ups B. passer-bys;growns-up
C. passer-bys;grown-ups D. passers-by;growns-up
29.A group of_______are eating______and______at the foot of the hill.
A.sheep; grass;leaves B. sheeps; grasses;leaves
C. sheep; grass;leaf D. sheeps; grass;leafs
30.My family raise a lot of_______,including two______.
A.cattles; cows B.cows;cattle C.cattle;cows D.cow;cattles
31.Two______and three_______attended the meeting.
A.Englishmans; Gremen B.Englishmen;Gremen
C.Englishmen; Gremans D.Englishmans;Gremans
32.He left_______with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon.He said he would keep______.
A.words;his words B.word;his word C.word;word D.the word;his word
33.The______of those buildings were broken in the hurricane.
A.roof B.rooves C.roofs D.roofes
34.It is bad______to speak with your mouth full of food.
A.manner B.manners C.way D.thing
35.In Britain,______are all painted red.
A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box
36.She is the only one among the_____writers who_____stories for children.
A.woman;writes B.women;write C.women;writes D.woman;write
37.My sister has two______.
A.tooth-brushes B.tooth-brush C.teeth-brushes D.teeth-brush
28.The railway station is______from our school.
A.two hour’s drive B.two hours’ drive C.two hour drive D.two hours drive
39.This is an old photo of my aunt’s when she had black_______,and now she has some white_______.
A.hair;hairs B.hairs;hair C.hair;hair D.hairs;hairs
40.This is the_________.
A.students’ exercise-book B.student’s exercise-book
C.students’ exercise-books D. student’s exercise-books
41.----I like your furniture very much.
----Thank you.We bought_______in Shanghai.
A.the most of them B.most of them C.most of it D.the more of it
42.Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times,_____was done.
A.little damage B.a little damage C.few damages D.a few damages
43.Our telephone has been out of_______for two days.
A.place B.line C.touch D.order
44.The poor worker supported his family by_____of doing extra jobs.
A.ways B.offer C.helps D.means
45.No_____he was taken ill,considering that he had been overworking for years.
A.wonder B.idea C.matter D.hope
46.They soon moved back to the_______because they could hardly get used to city life.
A.country B.nation C.province D.state
47.The nearest_______to the post office is up Church Lane to the High Street.
A.road B.distance C.way D.path
48.The room was so quiet that I could hear the______of my heart.
A.beat B.strike C.sound D.knock
49.----Who told you about Howard’s case
----The sergeant in_______.
A.public B.turn C.charge D.advance
50.I shall never beat Tom at tennis;we are clearly not in the same_____.
A.group B.order C.degree D.class
34.----Could you tell me the way to the post office
----I’m sorry.I’ve no______.
A.mind B.idea C.thought D.opinion
51.At the______of the gun,the runners dashed from their starting points.
A.sight B.hearing C.sound D.shot
52.Although we are good friends,I tried not to take the______of John in his argument with his sister.
A.place B.side c.pity D.control
53.As a writer he is_________.But as a teacher he is________.
A.a success;a failure B.success;failure
C. a success;failure D. success;a failure
54.You should not only practise a lot,but also learn some listening_______.
A.directions B.abilities C.skills D.tricks
55. Every citizen should have a______of right and wrong.
A.knwledge B.idea C.sense D.feeling
答案：1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. A 11.D 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. B
16. A 17.A 18. D 19.A 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. D 26. D 27.D 28.A 29.A 30.C 31.C 32.B 33.C 34.B 35.A 36.C 37.A 38.B 39.A 40.B 41.C 42.A 43.D 44.D 45.A 46.A 47.C 48.A 49.C 50.D 51.C 52.B 53.A 54.C 55. C
第二章 代词
第一节 真题精析
1. We asked John and Jerry, but ____ of them could offer a satisfactory explanation.【北京春考】
A. either B. none C. both D. neither
2. - Do you like ______ here
- Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.【全国】
A. this B. these C. that D. it
3. That’s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after______ he’s done for you. 【全国】
A. something B. anything C. all D. that
4. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _____ from some wood we had. 【全国】
A. it B. one C. himself D. another
5. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ______.【浙江卷】
A. none B. either C. any D. each
6. Playing tricks on others is _____ we should never do. 【湖南卷】
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
7. She doesn’t know anyone here. She has got______ to talk to. 【广东卷】
A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one
8．—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village
—_________ way as you please. 【福建卷】
A．Each B．Every C．Any D．Either
9．I have done much of the work. Could you please finish in two days 【辽宁卷】
A．the rest B．the other C．another D．the others
10. I got the story from Tom and people who had worked with him. 【天津卷】
A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than
11. It is easy to do the repair. you need is a hammer and some nails. 【天津卷】
A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything
12. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately_____ couldn’t spare me even one minute. 【重庆卷】
A. they B. one C. who D. it
13. - One week’s time has been wasted.
— I can’t believe we did all that work for______.【重庆卷】
A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything
14. I had to buy _________ these books because I didn’t know which one was the best. 【上海卷】
A. both B. none C. neither D. all
15. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but ____ of them came. 【北京-21】
A. neither B. either
C. none D. both
16. There's ____ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ____ 【北京】
A. little; some B. little; any
C. a little; some D. a little; any
17. —There’s coffee and tea； you can have . 【NMET】
—Thanks.
A．either B．each C．one D．it
18．Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we’ve decided to stay for two weeks . 【上海】
A．another B．other C．the other D．other’s
19．We were in when we left that we forgot the airline tickets . 【上海】
A．a rush so anxious B．a such anxious rush
C．so an anxious rush D．such an anxious rush
20. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________ I will always treasure. 【NMET】
A. that B. one C. it D. what
21. The mother didn’t know ________to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. 【NMET】
A. who B. when C. how D. what
22. The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will need a lot of work before they can move in. 【NMET】
A. they B. it C. one D. which
23. Both teams were in hard training; was willing to lose the game. 【上海】
A. either B. neither C. another D. the other
24. If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay_______$15. 【NMET】
A．another B．other C．more D．each
25. --- Why don't we take a little break 【NMET】
---Didn't we just have __________
A．it B．that C．one D．this
26. Few pleasures can equal＿＿＿＿＿of a cool drink on a hot day. 【NMET】
A. some B. any C. that D. those
27.--Can you come on Monday or Tuesday 【NMET】
--I'm afraid _____ day is possible.
A. either B. neither C. some D. any
28. I hate _____when people talk with their mouths full. 【NMET】
A. it B. that C. these D. them
29. Dr, Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can't remember _____.【NMET】
A. where B. there C. which D. that
30. I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with __________. 【NMET】
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
31. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read _______ stories by writers from_________ countries. 【NMET】
A. some; any B. other; some C. some; other D. other; other
32. —When shall we meet again
—Make it day you like; it's all the same to me. 【NMET】
A. one B. any C. another D. some
33. Tom felt that he knew everybody's business better than they knew it . 【NMET】
A. themselves B. oneself C. itself D. himself
34. They were all tired, but _____ of them would stop to take a rest. 【NMET】
A. any B. some C. none D. neither
35. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have . 【NMET】
A. it B. those C. them D. one
36. —Have you finished your report yet
—No, I'll finish in ten minutes. 【NMET】
A. another B. other C. more D. less
37. —Is your camera like Bill's and Ann's
—No, but it's almost the same as ______ . 【MET】
A. her B. yours C. them D. their
【答案与解析】
1. D该题考查代词的用法。John and Jerry是两个人，根据but得知此处是表示否定。故选neither。句意：我问了约翰和杰尔但是他俩都没给做出满意的解释。
2. D该题考查代词的用法。it 指心目中或上下文中的事物。句意：“你喜欢这儿吗？”“啊，是的。这里的空气、天气、生活方式。所有的事都很好。”
3. C该题考查不定代词的用法。all 此处指所有的事情。句意：在你父亲为你做了一切后，说他是件不愉快的事情。
4. B该题考查不定代词的用法。one指代同一类中的一个；it指代同一事物。据题意“厨房里我们还需要一个新厨子。因此彼得用我们自己的木头做了一个。”显然是指代一类。
5. C 该题考查不定代词的用法。前半句得知是指三套，后面又有have no use，指任何一个，故选any。句意：我们有三套花园工具，好像是一套也用不上。
6.B 该题考查不定代词的用法。something表示模糊的概念，意为：之类的事，有价值或重要的事。据题意：捉弄别人是我们永远不能做的事。anything意为：无论什么；任何事。everything意为：每件事物, 万事。nothing意为：不关紧要之事。显然不合题意。
7. D该题考查不定代词的用法。关键是She doesn't know anyone here.所以要选no one。句意：她在这里一个人也不认识。她找不到人说话。
8．C该题是考查不定代词的用法。第一句提供的情景得知是三个，表示选择。第二句的as you please得知是表示任意，任何一个。故选any。“我去那个村庄，这三条路该走哪条？”“你愿走哪条走哪条。”
9．A该题考查代词。the rest意为：其余的，可以代替不可数名词，因为work是不可数名词，故选A。the other指两个中的另外一个。C, D都指代可数名词。句意：这些工作我已做了很多了，剩下的请你在两天完成。
10. C该题考查不定代词的用法。some other意为：别的；every other意为：每隔。据题意选择C最佳。句意：我从汤姆与和他一起工作的别的人那里得到这个消息。
11. B 该题考查不定代词的用法。All you need= what you need。从后面的a hammer and some nails得知不能选Everything。句意：修理很简单，你所需要的就是锤子与钉子。
12. A该题是考查代词的用法。此处指代前面提到的a friend，a friend是泛指，任何一个朋友都行，不只一个，但是指代明确，故选题they。他们都没时间。句意：我原想和朋友交换看法，但是很不幸他们都连一分钟也抽不出来。
13. B该题考查不定代词的用法。据题意：“一周的时间白白浪费啦。”“我不信我们所做的一切没用。”由此得知选nothing。
14. D 考查代词的用法。通过题干中的the best这一最高级形式，可以知道买的书在三本以上，因此排除A、C，再根据句子的意思可以知道D为最佳答案。句意：因为我不知道哪一本最好我不得不把这些书都买了。
15. A 该题考查代词的用法。Joe and Linda指两个人，句中的but是关键词，表示转折，由此选择neither。句意：我请乔和琳达吃饭，但是他们俩一个也没来。
16. A 该题考查不定代词的使用。little无冠词,否定用法,意为：少；几乎没有。some用于交际用语的疑问句中表示委婉的请求。句意：家里没有食油了。你去住宅区附近的商店去买些好吗？
17． A 该题考查代词的用法。该题的关键是There’s coffee and tea，这里时表示选择二者必居其一。故选either两个中的任意一个。Each指三个或三个以上，有时也可以表示事物本身具有两端、两边或两头的任意一个。题意：——这里有咖啡也有茶，你随便。——谢谢。
18.A 考查不定代词的用法。此处的意思是“…再呆两周”，在another+数词+名词的结构中，another作“再讲”，该名词必须用复数，another two weeks也可说成two more weeks。句意：上海确实是个迷人的城市，我们决定再呆两周。
19.D 考查such与so 的用法，so+形容词+a+名词：such+a+形容词+名词，因此D正确。句意：我们走的时候如此着急，以至于把机票忘了。
20． B 该题考查替代词用法。one通常用来替代前面出现的单数可数名词，本题中的one是an unforgettable moment的同位语，之后跟一个由that 引起的定语从句，that 又可以省去。it代指上文中出现的同一人或事物。句意：多年后，我见到了我的叔叔，我会永远珍惜那个令人难忘的时刻。
21． A 该题考查代词加不定式作宾语的用法。该句中的关键词是to blame ，blame的逻辑宾语应该是表示人的代词，而不是指时间、方式或者内容的词。从句意中理解所指的是谴责的对象，因此用who ，who与to blame构成不定式短语作know的宾语。句意：玻璃杯打碎时母亲不在家，所以她不知道该谴责谁。
22. B该题考查句子结构以及指代一致。看到题干中有连词“but”即可确定这是一个并列句，排除选项D。need是关键词，“it”就是指“the new house”指代前面提到的house。“one”为泛指相当于“a house”不是指同一座house不合题意。句意：帕克一家买了一所新房子但是要干很多活儿才能搬进去。
23.B 考查代词的用法。句意为“两队都在刻苦训练，两队都不愿意输掉比赛。”两者的否定用 neither。
24. A该题考查不定代词another，other，more的区别。句意：“如果你想换一间双人房，你得再出15镑。”another，other，more都有 “再”，“还”，“又”之意，但它们的用法却有区别。another通常构成“another+单数名词”和“another+基数词（one除 外）或few+复数名词”之结构；other 和more通常构成“基数词或some, any, a few, many , no等＋other/ more＋名词”之结构。
25 C 该题考查替代词用法。one表示泛指，替代a little break。句意：—我们为什么不休息一会儿呢？—我们不是刚刚休息过了吗？
26. C该题考查不定代词的替代用法。在进行比较时要和同类的事物相比，that可以代替前面提到过的名词以避免重复，它可以代替一个单数名词或一个不可数名词，。句中that代替pleasure。句意：炎日下没有比喝一杯冷饮更让人愉悦的了。
27. B 该题考查不定代词的用法。此题的关键词语是Monday or Tuesday和I’m afraid，Monday or Tuesday给出了范围，I’m afraid表明了答者所持的否定的态度“不行”。因此用neither。
28. A 该题考查it作形式宾语的用法。it作形式宾语代替它后面的宾语从句when people talk with their mouths full。
29. C 该题考查在省略的宾语从句中连接代词的用法。句中的from either Oxford or Cambridge已限定了范围，两者之间选择；故用连接代词which表示选择。句意：布莱克博士不是来自牛津大学就是来自剑桥大学，我记不得是哪一所。
30. A该题考查句意理解。第一分句“我同意你说的大部分”提示，第二个分句“我不同意……”只能填everything，表示部分否定。如选用anything，就成了全否定句，与第一分句的意思相矛盾。something一般不用在否定句中。填入nothing后，句意反而变成肯定，也与第一分句的内容用表示转折的but不相符。
31. C该题考查some，any和other在词意和用法上的区别。第一句说“Sarah已经读了很多美国作家写的故事”提示“她现在想读一些其他国家的作者写的故事”。故选some和other。
32. B 该题考查短语辨析。one day表示“某一天”，可用在谓语动词是一般过去时和一般将来时的句子中；some day也表示“某一天”，常用在将来时的句子中（与one day同义）；another day译为“另一天”；any day指“任何一天”。从后面的定语从句you like和it’s all the same 提供的信息，可以断定any day you like译为“你喜欢定在哪一天都行”或“随便哪一天都行”。
33. A该题考查反身代词的用法。反身代词作主语的同位语时，在人称和数方面应与主语一致。they knew it 后接themselves。
34. C 该题考查对句意的理解。关键词all提示“他们的人数是三个或三人以上”，另一关键词but表示转折，提示第二分句是否定句。neither of them虽也可用于否定句，但表达的意思“他们俩没有一个人”与句意不符。句意：他们都很累了，但是没有人想停下来休息。
35. D 该题考查不定代词one的用法。关键词each guest提示应该选one，代替one of the glasses，以免重复。整个句子的意思是“我希望有足够的玻璃杯，以便每位客人有一只”。
36. A 该题考查another，more，other的区别。another，other，more都有 “再”，“还”，“又” 之意，但它们的用法却有区别。another通常构成“another +单数名词”和“another+基数词（one除外）或few +复数名词”之结构；other 和more通常构成“基数词或 some, any, a few, many , no等＋other/ more＋名词”之结构。表示再要十分钟的时间，用：another ten minutes 或者ten other minutes，ten more minutes。
37. B 该题考查名词性物主代词的用法。答句中it指代问句中的your camera。照相机只能与照相机作比较，而不能与人作比较。Bill’s=Bill’s camera, Ann’s = Ann’s camera。四个选项中只有yours是名词性物主代词，yours = your camera。
第二节 考点归纳
《年全国考试说明》附录 语法项目表中对代词考查列了六项：1）人称代词2）物主代词3）反身代词4）指示代词5）不定代词6）疑问代词。
一、人称代词
1、人称代词的形式
表示“我”、“你”、“他（她、它）”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”等的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格之分。第三人称单数人称代词分阳性、阴性、中性，分别为：he (him), she(her), it(it)。复数只有一个形式，不分性别。如：
单数 复数
第一人称 主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第二人称 I 我 me We 我们 us
第三人称 you你 you you你们 you
第三人称 he 他she她it 它 himherit 他们they她们它们 them
2、人称代词主格的用法
（1）做主语
I am a teacher. 我是老师。
We are teachers. 我们是老师。
You, she and I are all teachers.你我他都是老师。
注意：几个人称代词同时作主语时排序是泥、他、我。
（2）作表语
It's I.是我。
Oh ,it's you 噢，是你。
注意：第一人称代词I（我）永远大写；口语习惯上不大说It's I (he ,she等)，而说It's me (him/her)。
3、人称代词宾格的用法
（1）作及物动词的宾语
Our monitor is always ready to help us .我们的班长总是愿意帮助我们。
I saw him swimming in the river.我看见他正在河里游泳。
（2）作介词的宾语
My English teacher had a talk with me last night..我们的英语老师昨晚和我谈了一次话。
Mr. Green took good care of us.格林先生无微不至地关怀我们。
4、人称代词的其他用法
人称代词除按照自身的人称、数和格使用外，还有下列一些特殊用法：
（1）报刊的编辑和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用we代替I（同样地，用our代替代my）。
We believe that China will make still greater progress in the future.我们相信中国今后会有更大的发展。
In our opinion this is the best film of the year.我们认为这是今年最好的影片。
（2）用she来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机、大地、月亮等,以表示亲切和爱护。
That's the picture of our city;she has taken on a new look.那是我们城市的照片, 刀子正呈现出新面貌。
（3）it有时可用来代替小孩（child）和婴儿（baby）。
The child smiled when it saw its mother.小孩见到母亲就笑了。
（4）they可用来代替一般的人，特别在“they say”中比较常用。
They say there's going to be another good harvest this year.人们说今年又是个丰收年。
二、物主代词
物主代词是表示所属关系的代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，其人称和数的变化如下:
数人称种类 单 数 复 数
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
形容词性 my your his,her,its our your their
名词性 mine yours his,hers,its ours yours theirs
(一)形容词性物主代词的用法
形容词性物生代词的用法相当于形容词，在句中只能做定语。如:
I stayed at my uncle's for a few weeks.我在我叔叔家住了几个星期。
The boy loves his mother very much.这孩子很爱他母亲。
(二)名词性物主代词的用法
名词性物主代词相当于名词的用法，在句中可用作主语、表语和宾语与of连用可作定语。
Could I borrow your radio Mine's broken.我可以借用您的收音机吗 我的坏了。(作主语)
Look at that book on the desk. Maybe it's yours.请看桌子上的那本书，也许它是你的。(作表语)
You may use my bike. I'll use hers.你可以用我的自行车，我用她的。(作宾语)
That idea of ours is quite good.你的那个主意十分好。
She knew I was not an enemy of hers.她知道我不是她的敌人。
三、反身代词
反身代词是表示动作回到其执行者本身或是强调代词或名词的一组代词。反身代词是由人称代词第一人称和第二人称的所有格和第三人称的宾格加"-self"或"-selves"构成。列表如下:
数人称 单 数 复 数
第一人称 myself我自己 ourselves我们自己
第一人称 yourself你自己 yourselves你们自己
第一人称 himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己 themselves他们／她们／它们自己
反身代词的用法如下:
(一)作动词的宾语
表示动作返回到动作执行者本身，主语和宾语指同一个或同一些人。如：
He taught himself advanced mathematics. 他自学了高等数学。
Help yourselves to the cakes. 请吃点糕点吧。
(二)作主语或宾语的同位语，以加强语气
Our guide buys some food from the villagers and we cook it ourselves.
我们的向导从村民那里买来一些食物，我们自己烹调。
You'd better ask the headmaster himself. 你最好问问校长本人。
(三)作表语
Frank is not quite himself today.弗兰克今天不太舒服。
The little girl in the picture was myself.
照片上的那个小姑娘就是我本人。
(四) "by+ 反身代词" 的意思是"单独地、 独自一人地"
The mother couldn't leave her baby by himself.
母亲不能让她的孩子单独 留下 。
She can do it all by herself. 她完全能自己做。
(五) "for+ 反身代词" 的意思是"独自地、为自己"
He opened the window to see for himself.他打开窗子，亲自看了看。
He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权自己决定。
四、指示代词
表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。指示代词有：this（这个），that（那个），these（这些），those（那些），such(如此的，如此的事物)，same(同样的，同样的事物)，it（那个，这个）。
(一) this, these, that, those用法
this, that, these, those在句子中除了可做主语、表语、宾语和定语，想当于名词和形容外还有如下用法：
1． this (these) 一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that(those)则指时间或空间上较远的事物或人。
This is a pen and that is a pencil.这是一支钢笔，那是一支铅笔。
2． that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则指下面将要讲到的事物。
I had a bad cold.That's why I didn't come.我伤风很厉害，所以我没来。
What I want to say is this: pronunciation is very important in learning English.
我所要说的：语音在英语学习中很重要。
注意： this和these也可指前面叙述过的事物，但往往是为了强调。
This will do.这样行。
This they kept for themselves.这东西他们据为已有。
3．为了避免重复提到过的名词，常可用that或those代替。
The climate of Dalian is just as good as that of Qingdao. 大连的气候和青岛的一样好。（that代替climate）
Television sets made in Nanjing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.南京生产的电视机和上海的一样好。（those代替television sets）
4．this和that有时作状语用，表示“程度”，意思是“这么”，“那么”。
I can only promise you this much.我只有答应你这么多。
Oh, she is not that foolish.啊，她不会那么傻呀。
(二) it的用法
it指人时亦可作为指示代词看待。指示代词it在汉语中不必译出。
— Who is it 是谁？
— It's me. 是我。
Oh, it’s you, Mr. Green.哦，是你呀，格林先生。
(三) such, same的用法
such（如此的）和same(同样的)也是指示代词，其单、复数的形式相同，它们在句子中可作：
（1）定语
The foreign visitors said they had never seen such a beautiful city before.外宾说他们从来没看见这样美丽的城市。
We are not talking about the same thing.我们谈的不是一回事。
注意：such作定语时，它所修饰的名词之前如有不定冠词，这个不定冠词应放在such之后，如上面第一例。Such作定语时，在它所修饰的名词后面有时跟as，
There is no such thing as a "good lie ".没有“好谎言”这么回事。
（2）作主语
相当于名词，在句子中可作主语等成分。
Such are the results.结果就是如此。（做主语）
The same may be said of his brother.他弟弟也有这种情形。（做主语）
注意：在same之前必须用冠词the。
五、不定代词
不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数与不可数之分，泛指人或事物，或对人、事物作不确定的指代。下面将不定代词列表如下：
不可数 可 数 不可数或复数
单数 复数
muchmoremost(a)littleless(the)least one eithereach neitherother anotherevery some thingany + bodyno one bothseverala fewmany allsomeanyenoughnone
（一）some 与any的用法
1、some一些，某些，某个
（1）some可代替名词或形容词，常用在肯定句中做主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时，它所修饰的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；可数名词可以是单数或复数，单数表示“某个”，复数表示“某些”。
Some are singing,and others are dancing.有的在唱歌，有的在跳舞。
Some Mr. Green is asking to see you.有位格林先生要见你。
（2）some也可用于表示请求和邀请的疑问句中
Would you like some bananas吃香蕉好吗？
(3)some也可以用作状语，意思相当于about（大约）。
I waited some twenty minutes.我等了大约二十分钟。
2、any一些,任何
（1）可以代替名词或形容词。常用在否定句或疑问句中，也可用于条件状语从句中。作定语时，它所修饰的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，可数名词可以是单数或复数（一般应用复数）。
Is there any ink in your pen 你的笔里有墨水吗？
If there is any difficulty, let me know.有困难就告诉我。
（2）不定代词any用在肯定句中时，意思是“任何的”
You must find a dictionary, any one will do.你必须型找到一本字典，任何一本都行。
（3）any可用作状语，表示程度
Are you feeling any better today 你今天觉得好点吗？
3. some和any的区别：some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。但是，如果说话人希望得到肯定的回答，这时疑问句中可用some；some还可用于表示请求和邀请的疑问句。
Have you any ink 你有墨水吗？
Would you like some sweets 请吃糖果。
(二) it, one，that与those的区别
1．it／one／that三者均可用作代词，指代前面提到的名词。一般说来， it指代同名同物；one与that则指代同名异物。
I have lost my umbrella；I'm looking for it．（该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella）
I have lost my umbrella；I think I must buy one．（one在该句中表泛指，因为my umbrella已经丢了）
The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought．（替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”，以区别“the umbrella you bought”）
2．one与that虽可用来指代同名异物，但one为泛指，相当于a／an＋名词；that为特指，相当于the ＋名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 a／an ／some ／any；that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the ／this ／that。
A chair made of steel is stronger than one made ofwood．（该句中one可以换成a chair）
The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot．（该句中that可以换成 the water） 3．one只能代替可数名词单数，代替可数名词复数时用ones；that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数，代替可数名词复数时用 those。
I like this pen more than that one．（one代替可数名词单数pen）
There were a few young people and some older ones in the house．（ones代替可数名词复数people）
Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter．（that代替不可数名词 handwriting）
These pictures are more beautiful than those．（those代替可数名词复数 pictures）
4．one既可代替事物，也可代替人，that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有时可以用the one或the ones代替that或those。
The one ／That on the table is mine．（该句中The one代替事物，并且也可以用That）
He is the teacher，the one who is loved by the students．（该句中the one代替人，不能用that）
He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads，the ones ／those that had the best color．（该句中the ones代替事物，并且也可以用those）
5．one一般有前置修饰语，有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语。而 that不能有前置修饰语，但可有后置修饰语。
Cook was a strict but good captain， one who took good care of his sailors．
The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river．
6．it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等，充当形式主语或形式宾语。 one与that均无此用法。
It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month．
I found it hard to get on with her．
7．it与that均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容，而one ／ones则不可以。
He has saved my life；I'll never forget it．（it代替第一分句）
Tom is painting his house．Iam told he does it every four years．（it代替前面分句的部分内容painting his house）
Let's say we meet here at three o'clock．That ought to give you time to buy everything．（That代替前面表述的内容）
(三) another,other和others 的用法
another和other既可以作代词，也可以作形容词，在表示“另一个”或“另一些”时，它们的用法和含义都有差别。
1、作代词
another泛指不定数中（三者或三者以上）的另一个，只能表示单数。other作代词时，其前要加定冠词the，特指两个中的另一个，即the other。如：
This glass is broken．Get me another．这只杯子破了，给我另拿一只。
He has a book in one hand，and a pen in the other．他一只手拿着本书，另一只手拿着只钢笔。
注意：①在表示“一个……，另一个……”时，如果所讲的事物只有两个，用“one．．．the other．．．”；如果有三个，使用“one．．．another（或a second）．．．the third．．．”；如果有四个，则用“one．．．another．．．a third．．．the fourth．．．”。如：
The old man has three sons．One is a worker，another is a farmer and the third is a soldier．这老人有三个儿子，一个是工人，一个是农民，还有一个是战士。
②another本身没有复数形式，要表示复数用others，这也是other的复数形式。
others是代词other的复数形式，泛指“另外或其他的人或物”，但不指其余全部的人或物，常与some连用。如果指一定范围内除去一个或一部分后“其余全部的人或物”，则用the others。如：
We must think more of others．我们要多想别人。
We five did cleaning yesterday．Chen and I cleaned the windows and the others mopped the floor．我们五个人昨天搞了大扫除。我和陈擦窗子，其他的人拖地板。
2、作形容词
another只能修饰三个或三个以上同类事物中的另一个，即只能修饰单数名词。other既可修饰单数名词，也可修饰复数名词。the other修饰单数名词时，表示特指的两个中的另一个；the other修饰复数名词时，表示除去一个或一部分后余下的全部。other修饰复数名词时，泛指已提到的之外的另一些。如：
We'll see the exhibition another day．我们另找时间去看展览。
The post office is on the other side of the street．邮局在这条街的那一边。
注意：
①other作定语时只能修饰名词，如果修饰不定代词或疑问代词，则要用else。如：
—Do you have anything else（＝any other thing）to say？“你还有别的事情要说吗？”
—Nothing else． “没别的事了。”
What else did you do yesterday？昨天你还做了什么吗？
My book is on the desk．It is somebody else's．我的书在桌子上，这是别的什么人的。
②another和other都可以用来修饰数词，表示“另外的；附加的”。another的位置是 another ＋数词＋复数名词，other则是数词＋ other ＋复数名词，相当于m ore的用法。如：
I have another two letters to write this afternoon．＝I have two other letters to write this afternoon．＝I have two more letters ／two letters more to write this afternoon．我今天下午还有两封信要写。
③我们可以说many（a few ，several，a lot，some，any，no）other ／more ＋复数名词， another few ＋复数名词，但不可以说another many（a few，several，a lot，some，any，no）＋复数名词。如：
Many other ／more students want to take part in the game．（不能说Another many）还有许多学生想参加这场比赛。
A few other ／A few more ／Another few trees have been planted in our garden．我们的园子里又栽了一些树。
There are some other ／more things to do．还有别的事情要做。
[注意]any other的用法
同一单位或团体中的某人、某物与他人、他物作比较时，要用any other，表示 "任何其他的"。如:
The Yangtze is longer than any other river in China.
在中国，长江比其他任何河都长。
(四)few，a few; little，a little的用法
a few和few与复数可数名词搭配。few的意思是否定的，表示"很少" 或"几乎没有"; a few的意思是肯定的，表示"一些"，"有一点"。a little和little只可与不可数名词搭配。a little的意思是肯定的，表示"有一些";a little的意思是否定的，表示"很少"。如:
Tom has a few friends, but his sister has few friends.
汤姆有几个朋友，但他妹妹几乎没有朋友。
I know a little about him.我了解一点他的情况。
I have little money left. 我不剩几个钱了。
(五)none, no one和nobody的用法
l. none的意思是"都没有"，用于指 三个或三个以上的人或事物，它能起名词的作用，在句中用作主语、宾语和表语。none作主语时，动词可以用复数(强调所有)或单数(强调每个)。它既可指人，也可指物，还可指不可数的事物。使用时有一定的范围，故可与of构成的介词短语连用。no one是表泛指的代词，不强调具体范围，仅限于指人，相当于nobody，语气比none强，多用于口语中，不能与of构成的介词短语连用。no one作主语时，动词用单数。nobody指人，常用于口语中。在一般情况下的简略答语中，nobody和none回答who开头的问句；none回答how many或how much开头的问句。如:
None have/has arrived yet. 还没有人来。
None of you watched carefully enough. 你们谁都观察得不够仔细。
No one likes to make friends with her.没有人喜欢和她交朋友。
---Who is the library 谁在图书馆里？
---Nobody(No one). 没有人。
---How many students are there in the classroom 教室里有多少学生？
---None.没有人。
(六)both，neither，neither的用法
both表示"两个都"，只能用于两个人或两个事物，可以起名词和形容词的作用。它在句中可以做主语 、宾语、定语、同位语等。either表示"两者中任何一个"，它起名词和形容词的作用，在句中用作主语、宾语和定语。它作主语时， 谓语动词要用单数。neither是either的否定形式，意为"两者都不"，用法同ether。如:
Both of them want to go.他们两个人都想去。
Either of the answers is correct. 两种答案都是对的。
Either book will do.两本书中哪一本都可以。
Neither of the stories was true.两个故事都不真实。
We both fell off, but fortunately neither of us was hurt.
我们两人都摔倒了，但幸好都没有摔伤。
(七) all，every，each的用法
all用来指全体，可用于复数可数名词，也可用于不可数名词，可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语等。every指三个或三个以上的人或事物，主要用于个体之间共有的情况，把分散的个体当作一个整体来看待，它只能作定语。each指两个或两个以上，指把整体分开来进行个别考虑，强调个体。它可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。如:
All the students have passed the examination.全部学生都考试及格了。
Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对我们都是重要的。
Each of us had his strong points.我们每人都有自己的长处。
(八) 合成不定代词的用法
由some，any，no，every加上-body，-one，-thing构成的不定代词，叫做合成不定代词。合成不定代词相当于名词，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，而不能作定语。合成不定代词 都作单数看待。它们被定语修饰时，定语需后置。和some，any一样，somebody等词一般用于肯定句;anybody等词一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句;somebody等词也可以用于疑问句，表示请求、建议或反问等。如:
Does anybody live on this island 有人住在这个岛上吗
Let's give her something different to eat. 我们给她吃点儿别的东西。
Everybody obeys the rules; anybody who breaks the rules is punished.
每个人都要遵守规则，谁要是违犯了这些规则就要受到处罚。
Haven't you forgotten something 您没忘记了什么
Why don't you ask somebody to help you 你干吗不找人帮帮你的忙
（九）many，much的用法
many用来代替或修饰复数可数名词。much用来代替或修饰不可数名词。如:
Do you have many friends 你有许多朋友吗
There isn't much milk left. 牛奶剩下不多了。
六、疑问代词
疑问代词有who, whom, whose, which, what，都用来引出特殊疑问句。
1．who, whom和whose
who是主格，主要作主语、表语，口语中可代替whom作宾语。whom 是宾格，只可作宾语。whose是用来询问某物属于谁的。
Who will attend the meeting 谁将参加会议？（who做主语）
Whom are you talking about 你们在说谁？（whom作宾语，但在句首时口语中常用who代替whom）
Whose umbrella is this 这是谁的伞？（whose作定语）
2．who和what
what主要指事物，也可以指人的职业或身份特征，也可以用来询问价格、人口数量等等。who是指某人的名字或人与人之间的关系。
---What does she do 他是干什么的？
---She is a teacher.
---Who is he 他是谁？
---He is my father.他是我爸爸。
3．what和which
what用于对未知事物提问，which用于必须作出某种特定的选择时。which表示在一定数目（或范围）之内的选择，what则没有这种限制。 which后可以跟of，而what则不可。
What do you usually have for lunch 你午饭通常吃些什么？
Which do you prefer, tea or coffee 茶和咖啡你想喝哪一种？
Which of your classmates come from Beijing 你们同学中间谁是北京人？
4、疑问代词who, what, which等后面加单词ever,可用来强调语气，表达说话人的各种感情。
What ever do you want 你到底想要什么？
Whom ever is he looking for 他究竟在找谁？
第三节 巩固提高
1. ---I feel a bit hungry.
---Why don’t you have_______bread
A.any B.some C.little D.a
2. ______but folks will believe what he said.
A.Some B.Nothing C.Anything D.Everything
3. I asked him for some oil, but he hadn't_______.
A. any B. some C. oil D. one
4. I'd been expecting _______ letters the whole morning, but there weren't _______ for me.
A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D. a few; none
5. Mr Alcott,headmaster of the school,refused to accepted______of the three suggestions made by the Students’ Union.
A.either B.neither C.any D.none
6. Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to all pupils except _______ who had already taken them.
A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others
7. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work hard,but______didn't help.
A.he B.which C.she D.it
8. Tom is going camping with_______boys.
A.little two other B.two little other
C.two other little D.little other two
9. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,and______.
A.the other is white B.another white
C.the other white D.another is white
10. ---Have you finished your report yet
---No, I'll finish in_______ten minutes.
A. another B. other C. more D. less
11. ---What do you think of the cake
---It's nice. I'd like to have_______.
A. some other B. another C. others D. other
12. Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in________.
A. the other B. some other C. others D. these others
13. We have planted a lot of apple trees, but because there has been no rain, _______ have borne fruit.
A. some B. few C. a few D. the few
14. ---Would you like some wine
---Yes, just ________.
A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit
15. As it was a stormy night, _______ people went to see the film.
A. a few B. few C. several D. many
16. It is impossible for so_____workers to do so______work in a single day.
A.few;much B.few;many C.little;much D.little many
17. If we had followed his plan,we could have have done the job better with_______money and ________people.
A.less;less B.fewer;fewer C.less;fewer D.fewer;less
18. I’m afraid he did not do very well in the dictation.There were______spelling mistakes in it.
A．few B.a few of C.fewer D.quite a few
19. We couldn't eat in a restaurant because ________ of us had _______ money onus.
A. all; no B. any; no C. none; any D. no one; any
20. As we were asleep, _______ of us heard the sound.
A. both B. none C. either D. any
21. _______ of them knew about the plan because it was kept in a secret.
A. Each B. Any C. No one D. None
22. ---Are the two answers correct
---No, _______correct.
A. no one is B. both are not
C. neither is D. either is not
23. ---Have you seen Tom and Mary
---I haven't seen _______ of them.
A. neither B. any C. either D. all
24. ---Which of these two ties will you take
---I'll take _______, to give me a change sometimes.
A. either B. neither C. alt D. both
25. I invited Tom and Ann to dinner,but______of them came.
A.neither B.both C.either D.none
26. ----Do you want tea or coffee
----________,I really don’t mind.
A.Both B.None C.Either D.Neither
27. Both teams were in hard training,_______was willing to lose the game.
A.either B.neither C.another D.the other
28. ---Is _______ here
---No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody
29.All but one______here just now.
A.is B.was C.has been D.were
30. _______of the boys has got a pencil and some paper.
A.All B.Every C.Everyone D.Each
31. His camera is more expensive than _______.
A. hers B. her C. it D. its
32.Kate and her sister went to holiday with a cousin of ______.
A. their B. theirs C. her D. hers
33. ---Is your camera like Bill's and Ann's
---No, but ifs almost the same as_______. ()
A. her B. yours C. them D. their
34. The boy promised _______ mother never to lie to ______ again.
A. his; him B. her; her C. her; him D. his; her
35. ---Can you leave your children at home alone
---Yes. They can take care of _______ now.
A. them B. their C. themselves D. themselves
36.----Is this your coat
----No, ________is a blue one.
A.me B．my C．I D．mine
37. The teacher offered _______ to you and ________.
A．they, I B．them, me C．they, me D．them, I
38.I sent gifts to Tom and Mike but _______ of them showed for their turns.
A.both B.neither C.none D.no
39._______ of the players wanted to try, so they all waited for their turns.
A.Every B．Each C．Everybody D．One
40.Can you tell ______ that I'll be late
A.another B．other C．others D．the others
41.He is really quiet. He is a man of ________ words.
A.little B．few C．a little D．a few
42.It's very hot. Won't you sit down and take _______ iced water
A.one B．any C．some D．no
43.I tries on two dresses but _______ of them fitted me.
A.neither B．both C．none D．all
44.He said he would be ready in ______ ten minutes.
A.other B．another C．some D．more
45.When asked about the accident, he didn't say ________.
A.many B．much C．some D．all
46.She doesn't want _______ of them to trouble her. She thinks all her roommates are very naughty.
A.none B．any C．neither D．either
47.There was _______ rain last year. There had to pump water from wells.
A.few B．a few C．little D．a little
48.You look tired. Can I help you with ______ Thanks, but they weigh two kilograms each.
A.those box B．these boxes C．such box D．that boxes
49.The new designs are less expensive than ________ .
A．the old those B．old these C．the old ones D．others ones
50.The soil here is much richer than _______ on the hill.
A．the one B．one C．those D．that
51.China is larger than ________ countries in Asia.
A．any of B．any C．any of the other D．other
52.Canada is larger than _______ countries in Asia.
A．any B．any other C．any of the other D．other
53.Don't be so nervous. ______ of the you may try three times.
A．Each B．Some C．Every D．None
54.He had good advice for each of us, but only _______ of us accepted it.
A．few B．a few C．little D．a little
55.Would you like _______ more No, thanks.
A．any B．little C．another D．some
56.He felt ________ his duty to remind his mother of the time.
A．it B．one C．that D．him
57.The number of books in our library is larger than_________.
A.that in them B.those in theirs C.that D.that in theirs
58.You must be bungry. Are you sure I can't offer you _______
A.any thing B.everything C.something D.any foods
59.If you have______doubt.you can refer to____of the reference books here.
A.some;some B.any; some C.some; a few D.any; a few
60.I just want an umbrella;________will do.
A.it B.one C.anyone D.any one
答案：1.B 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.A 11.B 12.C 13. B 14. C 15. B 16.A 17. C 18.D 19. C 20.B 21.D 22. C 23. C 24.D 25.A 26.A 27. B 28. C 29.D 30. D 31.A 32. B 33. B 34.D 35.C 36.D 37.B 38.B 39.B 40.D 41.B 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.B 46.B 47.C 48.B 49.C 50.D 51.C 52.A 53.A 54.A 55.D 56.A 57.D 58.C 59.B 60.D
第三章 数词
1. It took us quite a long time to get here. It was ____ journey. 【200北京春】
A. three-hour B. a three hour
C. a three-hour D. three hours
2. It is reported that the United States uses _____ energy as the whole of Europe. 【NMET全国III-33】
A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much
3．The house rent is expensive . I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying here . 【上海】
A．as three times much B．as much three times
C．much as three times D．three times as much
4.He did it ____ it took me. 【北京】
A. one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the time
5．______of the land in that district ______covered with trees and grass.【上海】
A.two fifth; is B.two fifth; are C.two fifths ; is D.two fifths; are
6. It is not rare in _______ that people _______ fifties are going to university for further education. 【上海】
A. 90s; the B. the 90s; /
C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their
7. _______ cave that George has discovered in his life time is near the Alps. 【1992上海】
A. The hundredth B. The hundred
C. Hundredth D. A hundredth
8. The hero of the story is an artist in his _______. 【】
A.thirtieth B.thirty C.thirtys D.thirties
9. Shortly after the accident, two _______ police were sent to the post to keep order. 【1992】
A. dozen of B. dozens C. dozen D. dozens of
10. China is _______ larger than the United States. 【1990上海】
A. one six B. one sixth C. one sixes D. one sixths
11. He looked quite healthy though he was_______.【1985上海】
A.in seventy B.in his seventies C.at seventies D.at the age of seventy
12. Mr. Smith _______ me to buy several _______ eggs for the dinner party. 【1992上海】
A. asked; dozen B. suggested; dozens of
C. had; dozen D. persuaded; dozens
13. Two_______died of cold last winter. 【1988】
A. hundreds old people B. hundred old pe
目录
第一章 名词
第二章 代词
第三章 数词
第四章 介 词
第五章 连词与感叹词
第六章 形容词和副词
第七章 冠词
第八章 动词与动词短语
第九章 动词时态与语态
第十章 非谓语动词
第十一章 助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气
第十二章 定语从句
第十三章 名词性从句
第十四章 状语从句
第十五章 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句
第十六章 特殊句式
第十七章 句子、句子成分与主谓一致
第十八章 交际用语
高考英语 第一章名词
真题精析
1. The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _______ of 60 miles. 【全国IV】
A. length B. distance C. way D. space
2. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children’s . 【天津】
A. reach B. hand C. hold D. place
3. The environmentalists and wild goats’ _________ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment. 【上海】
A. escape B. absence C. attendance D. appearance
4. In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _____ in personality. 【上海】
A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict
5. Chinese arts have won the _________ of a lot of people outside China.
【上海】
A. enjoyment B. appreciation C. entertainment D. reputation
6. “I don’t think it’s my that the TV blew up . I just turned it on , that’s all ,” said the boy . 【上海】
A．error B．mistake C．fault D．duty
7. —I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.
—There is no ____for this while you are on duty. 【北京】
A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. explanation
8. The manager has got a good business _________ so the company is doing well. 【北京】
A. idea B. sense C. thought D. thinking
9. To regain their after an exhausting game , the players lay in the grass. 【上海】
A. force B. energy C. power D. health
10.According to the recent research , heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily and effect. 【上海】
A. reason B. impact C. fact D. cause
11.Every new has the possibility of making or losing money. 【上海】
A. event B. venture C. adventure D. expectation
12. As a result of destroying the forests , a large of desert covered the land. 【上海】
A. number…has B. quantity… has
C. number… have D. quantity…have
13. In the botanic garden we can find a (n) of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers. 【上海】
species B. group C. amount D. variety
14. ---- Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree
---- No, it’s out of . 【上海】
A. range B. reach C. control D. distance
15. The life of London is made up of many different . 【上海】
A. elements B. sections C. materials D. realities
16. You'll find this map of great _____ in helping you to get round London. 【NMET】
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
17. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a _______.【NMET】
A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice
18. I'll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little . 【NMET】
A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest
19. He gained his by printing of famous writers. 【NMET】
A. wealth; work B. wealths works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works
20. Here's my card. Let's keep in ______. 【MET】
A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship
【答案与解析】
B 该题考查名词的辨析。length长度，distance距离，way路途，space空间。从from…60 miles判断此处指的是距离。故选B。句意：从六十英里远的地方可以看到在Rushmore山上的四位美国著名总统的头像。
2. A 该题根据交际情景考查名词辨析。beyond [above, out of] one's [the] reach意为：达不到的，力所不及的，不能理解。是习惯用语。句意：我把药放在书橱顶上，孩子够不着。
3. D 考查名词的词义辨析。句意：环境保护论者和野山羊的出现，预示了环境的改善。escape“逃脱，逃避”；absence“缺乏，缺席”；attendance“出席，伺候，照料”；appearance“出现，露面，外观”，D符合句子意思要求。
4. D 名词词义辨析。句子的意思为“在处理公共关系上，我们应该尽量避免在个性方面的冲突”。contact“接触，联系”，contrast “对比，对照”，connection“连接，关系”，conflict“斗争，冲突”。
5. B 名词词义辨析。句子意思为“中国艺术在海外赢得了正确的评价”。Enjoyment“享乐，快乐”，appreciation“欣赏，正确评价，感谢”，entertainment“款待，娱乐”，reputation“名誉，名声”。
6. C 辨析名词的词义，error差错（主要指行为不正），mistake错误（意见，想法或行为上的错误）fault过失.毛病。duty 义务.任务，句意为“电视机爆炸不是我的过错，我只是打开了开关，就这些”，因此C为最佳选择。
7. B 该题是交际情景中考查四个名词的辨析。excuse意为：藉口；托辞；cause意为：原因, 导致某事发生的人或事。cause用于表示具有明显因果关系的原因。reason 意为：理由,动机, 前提；reason有时能与cause换用，但上下文必须有能够查得出的或可以解释得出的因果关系。如果某“结果”是不言而喻的，也可以用reason表示“原因”；explanation意为：解释, 解说, 说明。据题意：――对不起我刚才出去抽烟了。我很累了。――你在值班，对此不要找借口。此处只是为自己当值时外出找借口，故选答案B。
8. B考查对名词意义的辨析。sense理解力；鉴赏力；辨识力。a good business sense 有经济头脑。句意：这位经理有很强的经商意识，因此公司运营良好。
9．B 考查对名词意义的辨析。force（力，暴力）energy（精力，能量）power（体力，智力，精力），但常用复数形式，health（健康，健康状况），因此B为正确答案。句意：为了在令人疲惫的运动后恢复体力，运动员们躺在草坪上。
10.D 考查对名词意义的辨析，reason（理由），impact（强烈印象或影响），fact（事实）cause（原因.起因.原由），上述四词中只cause一词与effect对应（原因与结果）。
11.B 考查对名词意义的辨析，event（事件.重要事件）venture（冒险事业）adventure（冒险.冒险的经历）expectation（期望.期待）句子意思为“每一项新的冒险事业，都有可能挣钱或者陪钱”，因此B为正确答案。
12.B 考查名词的数与主谓一致。a large number of修饰可数名词。a large quantity修饰不可数名词。desert为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。正确答案为B。
13. D 考查名词的辨析。species物种）；group组，群，amount总数，数量；variety多样性。句意为“在植物园我们可以看到多种多样的植物，他们从高树延伸到小花朵。”D符合意思要求。
14.A 考查名词的辨析。range射程；reach手所及的范围，伸出；control控制；distance距离。句意为“你能射掉树顶上的那只鸟吗？不，它在射程之外。”A符合意思要求。
15.A该题考查名词辨析。 elements元素，组成部分；sections切片，部分，零件；material材料，原料，资料；realities现实，真相，真实之物。句意为：“伦敦的生活是由许多种不同的部分组成的”A符合意思要求。
16. C 该题考查名词辨析。根据题意：这张地图在帮助你游览伦敦方面很重要。price：价格；cost费用，成本，价钱, 代价；usefulness：有用, 有效性；value：价值，重要性，有益处；of value 相当于valuable 意为：有价值的，很重要的。
17. A 该题考查对句意的理解。句意为“如果偶然有人来看我,请他们留下口信”。 leave a message 意为：留下口信，准确地表达了这一意思。与message搭配的还有：take a message for sb 捎口信，receive a message ：收到口信。
18. C 该题考查根据句意的理解辨别名词的用法。句意: “我将尽可能快地调查此事。请要有耐心。”just用在祈使句的开头，表示“试，请”用于安抚对方“要有耐心”。 patience意为： 忍耐, 耐心，符合题意。have a little time与句意不符；D项不仅与句意不符。且表示“休息一会儿”常用have a rest。 wait作名词用时是可数名词，不能和a little搭配。
19. D 该题考查名词的类别。wealth（财富）是不可数名词，没有复数形式，不能加s。Work 作“工作”之意时为不可数名词；用作“著作”时，是可数名词，常用复数works。句意:“他通过印刷著名作家的作品获取了巨大的财富”。
第二节 考点归纳
名词是非常重要的一类词，也是高考常考内容之一。《全国考试说明》附录 语法项目表中对名词考查列了四项：1）可数名词与不可数名词2）专有名词 3）名词的复数形式4）所有格。纵观历年高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：名词的单复数形式、名词的所有格的构成及应用、不可数名词的辨认、名词的功能、名词辨义等。
一、可数名词与不可数名词
英语名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是表示可以计数的人、事物的名词。可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式，有些词的单复数形式相同。不可数名词是表示不可以计数的事物的名词。不可数名词一般不分单数和复数，也不能直接与a/an连用。一般说来，个体名词是可数名词;抽象名词、"物质名词和专有名词是不可数名词;集体名词根据情况，有时用作可数名词，有时用作不可数名词。有时有些物质名词和抽象名词也可转用作个体名词。
（一） 可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语。
适应情况 修饰语
只修饰可数名词单数 a/an，one，another，either，neither，every，many a
只修饰可数名词复数 these，those，few，many，a good/great many，a good/great number of，both，several以及二以上的数词
只修饰不可数名词 a little，a bit of，much，a great/good deal of，a great/large/small amount of
既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词 the，one's，some，any，no，all，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a large/small quantity of，which，what，other，half，one-third
注意：some在解释为 "某一"，any在解释为"任何"时也可修饰可数名词单数。this和that只能修饰可数名词单数和不可数名词，last，next，the other和序数词 只 能修饰可数名词单数和复数。
（二）单复数形式分别表示不同的意义
单数 复数
名词 意义 名词 意义
time 时间 times 次数;倍;时代
wood 木头 woods 森林
sand 沙子 sands 沙滩
cloth 布 clothes 衣服
glass 玻璃 glasses 玻璃杯; 眼镜
work 工作 works 工厂; 著作; 工事
force 力量 forces 军队
good 益处 goods 货物
coffee 咖啡 coffees 几杯咖啡
air 空气 airs 架子，神气
（三）常用的不可数名词
advice, bread, butter, baggage, chalk, clothing, furniture, fun, homework, information, juice, luggage, luck, music, milk, progress, permission, practice, rice, soap, weather, work等，
（四）不可数的抽象名词在表示具体事物的时为可数名词
beauty, coffee, failure, honour, success, difficulty, experience, trouble
二、专有名词
专有名词是指表示人名、地方、团体或事物的名称的词。专有名词的实词部要大写词首字母。专有名词一般不加冠词，但在由普通名词或形容词构成的；表示全体国民的；表示一家人或夫妇的形式复数前；书报名称；团体或公共建筑名称前；江海平原等前加定冠词。
Abraham Lincoln 亚伯拉罕·林肯 London 伦敦 Canada 加拿大
the United States of America 美利坚合众国 the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂
the Smiths 史密斯夫妇 the Pacific Ocean太平洋
the Germans德国人民 the Rich富人
三、名词的复数形式
可数名词有单、复数两种形式。单数用原形，复数有词形变化。该词形变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(一)规则复数形式的构成
变化规则 适用情况 例词
在词尾加-s 一般名词 book→books lake→lakes
以元音字母+y结尾 boy→boys way→ways
以元音字母加-o结尾 radio→radios zoo→zoosbamboo→bamboos
在词尾加-es 以s, x, ch, sh等结尾 box→boxes bus→buses watch→watches brush→brushes
以辅音字母加-o结尾 hero→heroes tomato→tomatoes
变y为i, 再加-es 以辅音字母+y结尾 story→stories city→cities
将-f或-fe变为v再加-es knife→knives thief→thieves life→lives leaf→leaves
(二)不规则复数形式的构成
不以加词尾-s或-es构成的名词复数都为不规则复数，大体有以下几种情况。
1.通过内部元音变化构成复数。如:
foot→feet man→men goose→geese woman→women
tooth→teeth mouse→mice
2.以加词尾-en构成复数。如:
ox→oxen child→children
3.单数和复数为同一形式。如:
a sheep→two sheep a deer→two deer
a Chinese→two Chinese
4.合成名词，将主体词变为复数形式。如:
passer-by→passers-by 过路人 new-comer→new-comers 移民
son-in-law→sons-in-law 女婿 editor-in-chief→ editors-in-chief主编
5.两个构成部分都要变成复数。如:
man doctor→men doctors 男医生
woman teacher→women teachers 女教师
6.一些外来词的复数形式通常以-es，-a结尾。
analysis→analyses 分析 bacterium→bacteria 细菌
basis→bases 基础 crisis→crises 危机
phenomenon→phenomena 现象 thesis→theses 论文
[注意]在使用名词单、复数时还要注意的几个问题
1.有些名词通常只有复数形式。如:
clothes衣服 trousers裤子
goods货物 compasses圆规
scissors剪刀 arms武器
2.单、复数形式词义不同。如:
glass 玻璃 glasses 眼镜
time 时间 times 倍，次，时代
work 工作 works 工厂，工事，作品
3.物质名词的复数形式一般表示不同的种类。如:
these foods 这些(不同种类的)食品 fruits (各种)水果
grasses (各种)草
4.有些名词形式上是单数，但意义上却是复数。如：
people 人民 cattle牛（总称） police警察 public公众
四、名词的所有格
所有格一般表示所有关系。有-‘s所有格和of所有格两种。
(一)'s所有格
下所有格主要用来表示有生命的东西的名词。's所有格的构成方法如下:
1.一般在名词词尾加’s，读音和名词单数变复数加-s时一样。如:
the girl's room 这女孩的房间 a peasant's family 一个农民的家庭
2.以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾只加“'”。如:
the teachers' reading-room 教师阅览室 the students' book 学生用书
3.在某些以-s结尾的专有名词后，也只加”'”。如:
James’ eyes詹姆斯的眼晴 Engels' praise恩格斯的赞扬
4.不以-s结尾的复数名词加's。如:
women's dress妇女的衣服 men's work 男人的工作
the children's room 孩子的房间
5.合成名词的所有格，在最后的一个名词的末尾加’s。如:
the editor-in-chief's office总编辑室 my father-in-law's house我岳父的房子
6.如果某物为两人共有，则只在后一个名词的词尾加's;如果表示各自的所有关系时，则各个名词词尾都加's。如:
Jim and Kate's house 吉姆和凯特的家
Mary's and Jack's books 玛丽的书和杰克的书
7.表示时间、距离、重量、地方等无生命的东西的名词，也可以用's构成所有关系。如:
ten minutes' walk l0分钟的步行
today'，newspaper 今天的报纸
one pound's weight l磅的重量
(二)of所有格
of所有格是以"of+名词"构成的一种词组形式，主要用于表示无生命东西的名词，表示所有关系。如:
the workshop of the factory 工厂的车间 the door of the room 房间的门
表示有生命东西的名词，也可用of所有格表示所有关系，或者表示主谓关系、动宾关系或事物的来源等。如:
the death of Stalin 斯大林的逝世
the arrival of the chairman 主席的到来
the laws of Newton 牛顿定律
(三)双重所有格
's所有格有时可以和of所有格结合在一起表示所有关系，这叫做"双重所有格"。
1.双重所有格的形式
1)of十名词所有格
a friend of my brother's.我弟弟的一位朋友
a new design of Mr. Brown's.布朗先生的一项新设计
2)of+名词性物主代词
a friend of mine我的一位朋友 a necklace of yours你的一条项链
2.双重所有格的几个特征
1)双重所有格所修饰的名词 (即of之前的名词)通常和不定冠词a及any，some，no，few，several等表示数量的词连用，表示"其中之一"或"其中一部分"的意思，但不可以和定冠词the连用。如:
This a book of my father's.这是我爸爸的一本书。
Have you read any books of Einstein's 你读过爱因斯坦的什么书吗
Some friends of my brother’s have arrived.我兄弟的几位朋友已经到了。
不能说:the play of Shakespeare's或the novels of Lu Xun's
2)“of十名词所有格”中的名词一般表示人，不能表示物;该名词必须是特指的，不能是泛指的，不能与不定冠词连用。如:
a friend of the doctor 这个大夫的一个朋友
some books of my brother's 我哥哥的一些书
不能说:
*a cover of the book's
*a friend of a doctor's
3)双重所有格修饰的名词和指示代词 this, that, these, those连用时，往往表示爱憎、褒贬等感彩，这时并不表示"部 分"的意思。 如:
That little daughter of your sister's is really a dear.
你姐姐的那个小女儿真逗人爱。
These remarks of yours are of great value to us.你的这些话对我们来说很有帮助。
3.of所有格与双重所有格的区别
有时of所有格与双重所有格在单句中意义较接近，知识则重点有所不同。如：
He is a friend of my father’s.=He is one of my father’s friends.（着重说明父亲不止他一个朋友）
He is a friend of my father.=It is he who is my father’s friend.(着重说明他是我父亲的唯一一个朋友)
但中心词是portrait,picture,printing,photograph等词时，后面用of所有格指某人自己的肖像、照片等；用双重所有格则表示某人所收藏的肖像、照片。
This is a picture of my father.照片上的人是我父亲。
This is a picture of my father’s.这照片属于我父亲收藏。
五、名词的语法功能
1、作主语
The young woman played an important part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。
His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age of fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。
2、作宾语
I met your elder brother in the street。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。
Do you still ask your parents for money 你还向爸妈要钱吗？
3、作表语
It's a good idea to plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。
She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker. 也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。
4、作宾语的补足语
They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）
The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。
5、作定语
（1）直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。
Let’s stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上，我们的书店停一下吧！
He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。
（2）man，woman，gentleman作定语
man，woman，gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。
He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。
There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。
（3）某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式。
arms production 武器生产 clothes shop服装商店 sales department营业部 a goods train货车
savings bank 储蓄所 foreign languages department外语系
（4）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。
Learning Skills center学习技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部
6、作状语
时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。
The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里
Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重10千克。
7、作同位语
Mr Black, president of the company, will visit Beijing next month.布莱克先生，公司的总裁，将于下月访问北京。
8、做状语
The rain lasted an hour.雨下了一个小时。
第三节 巩固提高
1. _______turn green in spring.
A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves
2. _______ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.
A. The Evens B. The Evens'
C. The Evenses D. The Evenses’
3. Dr. Smith is going to pull out one of my_______.
A. teeth B. tooth C. teeths D. tooths
4. ---I wonder whose bicycle it is.
---It might be my_______. (1985)
A. neighbour's B. dear neighbour
C. neighbour D. neighbours
5. Come and see me _______ two or three _______.
A. for; days B. after; days
C. in; day's time D. during; day time
6. Miss Smith ia a friend of________.
A.Mary’s mother’s B.Mary’s mother
C.Mother’s of Mary D.Mary mother’s
7. Tables are made of_______.
A. wood B. woods C. wooden D. some woods
8. Father went to his doctor for _______ about his heart trouble.
A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices
9. It is impossible for so _______ workers to do so _______ work in a single day.
A. few; much B. few; many C. little; much D. little; many
10. I need _______cloth, for I'm going to make_______clothes.
A. a lot of; many B. much; much
C. many; many D. many; a lot of
11. I'm afraid he did not do very well in the dictation. There were _______ spelling mistakes in it.
A. few B. a few of C. fewer D. quite a few
12. Let’s stop by the_______on the way home.
A.books store B.book’s store
C.book store D.store of books
13. The new law will come into _______ on the day it is passed.
A.effect B.use C.service D.existence
14. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _________.
A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed
15. We’ve missed the last bus.I’m afraid we have no______but to take a taxi.
A.way B.choice C.possibility D.selection
16. It has been ten years now since the Labour Party cam to______in that country.
A.power B.control C.force D.charge
17. Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ________.
A.energy B.source C.power D.material
18. These football players had no strict _______until they joined our club.
A.practice B.education C.exercise D.training
19. Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of_________.
A. energy B. source C. power D. material
20. My parents always let me have my own _________ of living.
A. way B. method C. manner D. fashion
21. Students sometimes support themselves by _________ of evening job.
A. ways B. offers C. means D. helps
22. To the sea captain's surprise, h& found that _________ travel could also be quite pleasant.
A. earth B. land C. ground D. plain
23. These football players had no strict _________ until they joined our club.
A. practice B. education C. exercise D. training
24. The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n)_________of courage and power.
A. example B. sign C. mark D. symbol
25. One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) in the number of natural disasters.
A．result B．account C．reason D．increase
26．Life is tough in the city .In order to lose their , some people drink alcohol.
A．temper B．mood C．consciousness D．pressures
27.The plural forms of the words “photo”and “potato”are________.
A.photoes and potatoes B. photos and potatos
C. photoes and potatos D. photos and potatoes
28.He found a lot of_______were_______.
A.passers-by;grown-ups B. passer-bys;growns-up
C. passer-bys;grown-ups D. passers-by;growns-up
29.A group of_______are eating______and______at the foot of the hill.
A.sheep; grass;leaves B. sheeps; grasses;leaves
C. sheep; grass;leaf D. sheeps; grass;leafs
30.My family raise a lot of_______,including two______.
A.cattles; cows B.cows;cattle C.cattle;cows D.cow;cattles
31.Two______and three_______attended the meeting.
A.Englishmans; Gremen B.Englishmen;Gremen
C.Englishmen; Gremans D.Englishmans;Gremans
32.He left_______with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon.He said he would keep______.
A.words;his words B.word;his word C.word;word D.the word;his word
33.The______of those buildings were broken in the hurricane.
A.roof B.rooves C.roofs D.roofes
34.It is bad______to speak with your mouth full of food.
A.manner B.manners C.way D.thing
35.In Britain,______are all painted red.
A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box
36.She is the only one among the_____writers who_____stories for children.
A.woman;writes B.women;write C.women;writes D.woman;write
37.My sister has two______.
A.tooth-brushes B.tooth-brush C.teeth-brushes D.teeth-brush
28.The railway station is______from our school.
A.two hour’s drive B.two hours’ drive C.two hour drive D.two hours drive
39.This is an old photo of my aunt’s when she had black_______,and now she has some white_______.
A.hair;hairs B.hairs;hair C.hair;hair D.hairs;hairs
40.This is the_________.
A.students’ exercise-book B.student’s exercise-book
C.students’ exercise-books D. student’s exercise-books
41.----I like your furniture very much.
----Thank you.We bought_______in Shanghai.
A.the most of them B.most of them C.most of it D.the more of it
42.Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times,_____was done.
A.little damage B.a little damage C.few damages D.a few damages
43.Our telephone has been out of_______for two days.
A.place B.line C.touch D.order
44.The poor worker supported his family by_____of doing extra jobs.
A.ways B.offer C.helps D.means
45.No_____he was taken ill,considering that he had been overworking for years.
A.wonder B.idea C.matter D.hope
46.They soon moved back to the_______because they could hardly get used to city life.
A.country B.nation C.province D.state
47.The nearest_______to the post office is up Church Lane to the High Street.
A.road B.distance C.way D.path
48.The room was so quiet that I could hear the______of my heart.
A.beat B.strike C.sound D.knock
49.----Who told you about Howard’s case
----The sergeant in_______.
A.public B.turn C.charge D.advance
50.I shall never beat Tom at tennis;we are clearly not in the same_____.
A.group B.order C.degree D.class
34.----Could you tell me the way to the post office
----I’m sorry.I’ve no______.
A.mind B.idea C.thought D.opinion
51.At the______of the gun,the runners dashed from their starting points.
A.sight B.hearing C.sound D.shot
52.Although we are good friends,I tried not to take the______of John in his argument with his sister.
A.place B.side c.pity D.control
53.As a writer he is_________.But as a teacher he is________.
A.a success;a failure B.success;failure
C. a success;failure D. success;a failure
54.You should not only practise a lot,but also learn some listening_______.
A.directions B.abilities C.skills D.tricks
55. Every citizen should have a______of right and wrong.
A.knwledge B.idea C.sense D.feeling
答案：1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. A 11.D 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. B
16. A 17.A 18. D 19.A 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. D 26. D 27.D 28.A 29.A 30.C 31.C 32.B 33.C 34.B 35.A 36.C 37.A 38.B 39.A 40.B 41.C 42.A 43.D 44.D 45.A 46.A 47.C 48.A 49.C 50.D 51.C 52.B 53.A 54.C 55. C
第二章 代词
第一节 真题精析
1. We asked John and Jerry, but ____ of them could offer a satisfactory explanation.【北京春考】
A. either B. none C. both D. neither
2. - Do you like ______ here
- Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.【全国】
A. this B. these C. that D. it
3. That’s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after______ he’s done for you. 【全国】
A. something B. anything C. all D. that
4. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _____ from some wood we had. 【全国】
A. it B. one C. himself D. another
5. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ______.【浙江卷】
A. none B. either C. any D. each
6. Playing tricks on others is _____ we should never do. 【湖南卷】
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
7. She doesn’t know anyone here. She has got______ to talk to. 【广东卷】
A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one
8．—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village
—_________ way as you please. 【福建卷】
A．Each B．Every C．Any D．Either
9．I have done much of the work. Could you please finish in two days 【辽宁卷】
A．the rest B．the other C．another D．the others
10. I got the story from Tom and people who had worked with him. 【天津卷】
A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than
11. It is easy to do the repair. you need is a hammer and some nails. 【天津卷】
A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything
12. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately_____ couldn’t spare me even one minute. 【重庆卷】
A. they B. one C. who D. it
13. - One week’s time has been wasted.
— I can’t believe we did all that work for______.【重庆卷】
A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything
14. I had to buy _________ these books because I didn’t know which one was the best. 【上海卷】
A. both B. none C. neither D. all
15. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but ____ of them came. 【北京-21】
A. neither B. either
C. none D. both
16. There's ____ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ____ 【北京】
A. little; some B. little; any
C. a little; some D. a little; any
17. —There’s coffee and tea； you can have . 【NMET】
—Thanks.
A．either B．each C．one D．it
18．Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we’ve decided to stay for two weeks . 【上海】
A．another B．other C．the other D．other’s
19．We were in when we left that we forgot the airline tickets . 【上海】
A．a rush so anxious B．a such anxious rush
C．so an anxious rush D．such an anxious rush
20. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________ I will always treasure. 【NMET】
A. that B. one C. it D. what
21. The mother didn’t know ________to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. 【NMET】
A. who B. when C. how D. what
22. The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will need a lot of work before they can move in. 【NMET】
A. they B. it C. one D. which
23. Both teams were in hard training; was willing to lose the game. 【上海】
A. either B. neither C. another D. the other
24. If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay_______$15. 【NMET】
A．another B．other C．more D．each
25. --- Why don't we take a little break 【NMET】
---Didn't we just have __________
A．it B．that C．one D．this
26. Few pleasures can equal＿＿＿＿＿of a cool drink on a hot day. 【NMET】
A. some B. any C. that D. those
27.--Can you come on Monday or Tuesday 【NMET】
--I'm afraid _____ day is possible.
A. either B. neither C. some D. any
28. I hate _____when people talk with their mouths full. 【NMET】
A. it B. that C. these D. them
29. Dr, Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can't remember _____.【NMET】
A. where B. there C. which D. that
30. I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with __________. 【NMET】
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
31. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read _______ stories by writers from_________ countries. 【NMET】
A. some; any B. other; some C. some; other D. other; other
32. —When shall we meet again
—Make it day you like; it's all the same to me. 【NMET】
A. one B. any C. another D. some
33. Tom felt that he knew everybody's business better than they knew it . 【NMET】
A. themselves B. oneself C. itself D. himself
34. They were all tired, but _____ of them would stop to take a rest. 【NMET】
A. any B. some C. none D. neither
35. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have . 【NMET】
A. it B. those C. them D. one
36. —Have you finished your report yet
—No, I'll finish in ten minutes. 【NMET】
A. another B. other C. more D. less
37. —Is your camera like Bill's and Ann's
—No, but it's almost the same as ______ . 【MET】
A. her B. yours C. them D. their
【答案与解析】
1. D该题考查代词的用法。John and Jerry是两个人，根据but得知此处是表示否定。故选neither。句意：我问了约翰和杰尔但是他俩都没给做出满意的解释。
2. D该题考查代词的用法。it 指心目中或上下文中的事物。句意：“你喜欢这儿吗？”“啊，是的。这里的空气、天气、生活方式。所有的事都很好。”
3. C该题考查不定代词的用法。all 此处指所有的事情。句意：在你父亲为你做了一切后，说他是件不愉快的事情。
4. B该题考查不定代词的用法。one指代同一类中的一个；it指代同一事物。据题意“厨房里我们还需要一个新厨子。因此彼得用我们自己的木头做了一个。”显然是指代一类。
5. C 该题考查不定代词的用法。前半句得知是指三套，后面又有have no use，指任何一个，故选any。句意：我们有三套花园工具，好像是一套也用不上。
6.B 该题考查不定代词的用法。something表示模糊的概念，意为：之类的事，有价值或重要的事。据题意：捉弄别人是我们永远不能做的事。anything意为：无论什么；任何事。everything意为：每件事物, 万事。nothing意为：不关紧要之事。显然不合题意。
7. D该题考查不定代词的用法。关键是She doesn't know anyone here.所以要选no one。句意：她在这里一个人也不认识。她找不到人说话。
8．C该题是考查不定代词的用法。第一句提供的情景得知是三个，表示选择。第二句的as you please得知是表示任意，任何一个。故选any。“我去那个村庄，这三条路该走哪条？”“你愿走哪条走哪条。”
9．A该题考查代词。the rest意为：其余的，可以代替不可数名词，因为work是不可数名词，故选A。the other指两个中的另外一个。C, D都指代可数名词。句意：这些工作我已做了很多了，剩下的请你在两天完成。
10. C该题考查不定代词的用法。some other意为：别的；every other意为：每隔。据题意选择C最佳。句意：我从汤姆与和他一起工作的别的人那里得到这个消息。
11. B 该题考查不定代词的用法。All you need= what you need。从后面的a hammer and some nails得知不能选Everything。句意：修理很简单，你所需要的就是锤子与钉子。
12. A该题是考查代词的用法。此处指代前面提到的a friend，a friend是泛指，任何一个朋友都行，不只一个，但是指代明确，故选题they。他们都没时间。句意：我原想和朋友交换看法，但是很不幸他们都连一分钟也抽不出来。
13. B该题考查不定代词的用法。据题意：“一周的时间白白浪费啦。”“我不信我们所做的一切没用。”由此得知选nothing。
14. D 考查代词的用法。通过题干中的the best这一最高级形式，可以知道买的书在三本以上，因此排除A、C，再根据句子的意思可以知道D为最佳答案。句意：因为我不知道哪一本最好我不得不把这些书都买了。
15. A 该题考查代词的用法。Joe and Linda指两个人，句中的but是关键词，表示转折，由此选择neither。句意：我请乔和琳达吃饭，但是他们俩一个也没来。
16. A 该题考查不定代词的使用。little无冠词,否定用法,意为：少；几乎没有。some用于交际用语的疑问句中表示委婉的请求。句意：家里没有食油了。你去住宅区附近的商店去买些好吗？
17． A 该题考查代词的用法。该题的关键是There’s coffee and tea，这里时表示选择二者必居其一。故选either两个中的任意一个。Each指三个或三个以上，有时也可以表示事物本身具有两端、两边或两头的任意一个。题意：——这里有咖啡也有茶，你随便。——谢谢。
18.A 考查不定代词的用法。此处的意思是“…再呆两周”，在another+数词+名词的结构中，another作“再讲”，该名词必须用复数，another two weeks也可说成two more weeks。句意：上海确实是个迷人的城市，我们决定再呆两周。
19.D 考查such与so 的用法，so+形容词+a+名词：such+a+形容词+名词，因此D正确。句意：我们走的时候如此着急，以至于把机票忘了。
20． B 该题考查替代词用法。one通常用来替代前面出现的单数可数名词，本题中的one是an unforgettable moment的同位语，之后跟一个由that 引起的定语从句，that 又可以省去。it代指上文中出现的同一人或事物。句意：多年后，我见到了我的叔叔，我会永远珍惜那个令人难忘的时刻。
21． A 该题考查代词加不定式作宾语的用法。该句中的关键词是to blame ，blame的逻辑宾语应该是表示人的代词，而不是指时间、方式或者内容的词。从句意中理解所指的是谴责的对象，因此用who ，who与to blame构成不定式短语作know的宾语。句意：玻璃杯打碎时母亲不在家，所以她不知道该谴责谁。
22. B该题考查句子结构以及指代一致。看到题干中有连词“but”即可确定这是一个并列句，排除选项D。need是关键词，“it”就是指“the new house”指代前面提到的house。“one”为泛指相当于“a house”不是指同一座house不合题意。句意：帕克一家买了一所新房子但是要干很多活儿才能搬进去。
23.B 考查代词的用法。句意为“两队都在刻苦训练，两队都不愿意输掉比赛。”两者的否定用 neither。
24. A该题考查不定代词another，other，more的区别。句意：“如果你想换一间双人房，你得再出15镑。”another，other，more都有 “再”，“还”，“又”之意，但它们的用法却有区别。another通常构成“another+单数名词”和“another+基数词（one除 外）或few+复数名词”之结构；other 和more通常构成“基数词或some, any, a few, many , no等＋other/ more＋名词”之结构。
25 C 该题考查替代词用法。one表示泛指，替代a little break。句意：—我们为什么不休息一会儿呢？—我们不是刚刚休息过了吗？
26. C该题考查不定代词的替代用法。在进行比较时要和同类的事物相比，that可以代替前面提到过的名词以避免重复，它可以代替一个单数名词或一个不可数名词，。句中that代替pleasure。句意：炎日下没有比喝一杯冷饮更让人愉悦的了。
27. B 该题考查不定代词的用法。此题的关键词语是Monday or Tuesday和I’m afraid，Monday or Tuesday给出了范围，I’m afraid表明了答者所持的否定的态度“不行”。因此用neither。
28. A 该题考查it作形式宾语的用法。it作形式宾语代替它后面的宾语从句when people talk with their mouths full。
29. C 该题考查在省略的宾语从句中连接代词的用法。句中的from either Oxford or Cambridge已限定了范围，两者之间选择；故用连接代词which表示选择。句意：布莱克博士不是来自牛津大学就是来自剑桥大学，我记不得是哪一所。
30. A该题考查句意理解。第一分句“我同意你说的大部分”提示，第二个分句“我不同意……”只能填everything，表示部分否定。如选用anything，就成了全否定句，与第一分句的意思相矛盾。something一般不用在否定句中。填入nothing后，句意反而变成肯定，也与第一分句的内容用表示转折的but不相符。
31. C该题考查some，any和other在词意和用法上的区别。第一句说“Sarah已经读了很多美国作家写的故事”提示“她现在想读一些其他国家的作者写的故事”。故选some和other。
32. B 该题考查短语辨析。one day表示“某一天”，可用在谓语动词是一般过去时和一般将来时的句子中；some day也表示“某一天”，常用在将来时的句子中（与one day同义）；another day译为“另一天”；any day指“任何一天”。从后面的定语从句you like和it’s all the same 提供的信息，可以断定any day you like译为“你喜欢定在哪一天都行”或“随便哪一天都行”。
33. A该题考查反身代词的用法。反身代词作主语的同位语时，在人称和数方面应与主语一致。they knew it 后接themselves。
34. C 该题考查对句意的理解。关键词all提示“他们的人数是三个或三人以上”，另一关键词but表示转折，提示第二分句是否定句。neither of them虽也可用于否定句，但表达的意思“他们俩没有一个人”与句意不符。句意：他们都很累了，但是没有人想停下来休息。
35. D 该题考查不定代词one的用法。关键词each guest提示应该选one，代替one of the glasses，以免重复。整个句子的意思是“我希望有足够的玻璃杯，以便每位客人有一只”。
36. A 该题考查another，more，other的区别。another，other，more都有 “再”，“还”，“又” 之意，但它们的用法却有区别。another通常构成“another +单数名词”和“another+基数词（one除外）或few +复数名词”之结构；other 和more通常构成“基数词或 some, any, a few, many , no等＋other/ more＋名词”之结构。表示再要十分钟的时间，用：another ten minutes 或者ten other minutes，ten more minutes。
37. B 该题考查名词性物主代词的用法。答句中it指代问句中的your camera。照相机只能与照相机作比较，而不能与人作比较。Bill’s=Bill’s camera, Ann’s = Ann’s camera。四个选项中只有yours是名词性物主代词，yours = your camera。
第二节 考点归纳
《年全国考试说明》附录 语法项目表中对代词考查列了六项：1）人称代词2）物主代词3）反身代词4）指示代词5）不定代词6）疑问代词。
一、人称代词
1、人称代词的形式
表示“我”、“你”、“他（她、它）”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”等的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格之分。第三人称单数人称代词分阳性、阴性、中性，分别为：he (him), she(her), it(it)。复数只有一个形式，不分性别。如：
单数 复数
第一人称 主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第二人称 I 我 me We 我们 us
第三人称 you你 you you你们 you
第三人称 he 他she她it 它 himherit 他们they她们它们 them
2、人称代词主格的用法
（1）做主语
I am a teacher. 我是老师。
We are teachers. 我们是老师。
You, she and I are all teachers.你我他都是老师。
注意：几个人称代词同时作主语时排序是泥、他、我。
（2）作表语
It's I.是我。
Oh ,it's you 噢，是你。
注意：第一人称代词I（我）永远大写；口语习惯上不大说It's I (he ,she等)，而说It's me (him/her)。
3、人称代词宾格的用法
（1）作及物动词的宾语
Our monitor is always ready to help us .我们的班长总是愿意帮助我们。
I saw him swimming in the river.我看见他正在河里游泳。
（2）作介词的宾语
My English teacher had a talk with me last night..我们的英语老师昨晚和我谈了一次话。
Mr. Green took good care of us.格林先生无微不至地关怀我们。
4、人称代词的其他用法
人称代词除按照自身的人称、数和格使用外，还有下列一些特殊用法：
（1）报刊的编辑和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用we代替I（同样地，用our代替代my）。
We believe that China will make still greater progress in the future.我们相信中国今后会有更大的发展。
In our opinion this is the best film of the year.我们认为这是今年最好的影片。
（2）用she来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机、大地、月亮等,以表示亲切和爱护。
That's the picture of our city;she has taken on a new look.那是我们城市的照片, 刀子正呈现出新面貌。
（3）it有时可用来代替小孩（child）和婴儿（baby）。
The child smiled when it saw its mother.小孩见到母亲就笑了。
（4）they可用来代替一般的人，特别在“they say”中比较常用。
They say there's going to be another good harvest this year.人们说今年又是个丰收年。
二、物主代词
物主代词是表示所属关系的代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，其人称和数的变化如下:
数人称种类 单 数 复 数
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
形容词性 my your his,her,its our your their
名词性 mine yours his,hers,its ours yours theirs
(一)形容词性物主代词的用法
形容词性物生代词的用法相当于形容词，在句中只能做定语。如:
I stayed at my uncle's for a few weeks.我在我叔叔家住了几个星期。
The boy loves his mother very much.这孩子很爱他母亲。
(二)名词性物主代词的用法
名词性物主代词相当于名词的用法，在句中可用作主语、表语和宾语与of连用可作定语。
Could I borrow your radio Mine's broken.我可以借用您的收音机吗 我的坏了。(作主语)
Look at that book on the desk. Maybe it's yours.请看桌子上的那本书，也许它是你的。(作表语)
You may use my bike. I'll use hers.你可以用我的自行车，我用她的。(作宾语)
That idea of ours is quite good.你的那个主意十分好。
She knew I was not an enemy of hers.她知道我不是她的敌人。
三、反身代词
反身代词是表示动作回到其执行者本身或是强调代词或名词的一组代词。反身代词是由人称代词第一人称和第二人称的所有格和第三人称的宾格加"-self"或"-selves"构成。列表如下:
数人称 单 数 复 数
第一人称 myself我自己 ourselves我们自己
第一人称 yourself你自己 yourselves你们自己
第一人称 himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己 themselves他们／她们／它们自己
反身代词的用法如下:
(一)作动词的宾语
表示动作返回到动作执行者本身，主语和宾语指同一个或同一些人。如：
He taught himself advanced mathematics. 他自学了高等数学。
Help yourselves to the cakes. 请吃点糕点吧。
(二)作主语或宾语的同位语，以加强语气
Our guide buys some food from the villagers and we cook it ourselves.
我们的向导从村民那里买来一些食物，我们自己烹调。
You'd better ask the headmaster himself. 你最好问问校长本人。
(三)作表语
Frank is not quite himself today.弗兰克今天不太舒服。
The little girl in the picture was myself.
照片上的那个小姑娘就是我本人。
(四) "by+ 反身代词" 的意思是"单独地、 独自一人地"
The mother couldn't leave her baby by himself.
母亲不能让她的孩子单独 留下 。
She can do it all by herself. 她完全能自己做。
(五) "for+ 反身代词" 的意思是"独自地、为自己"
He opened the window to see for himself.他打开窗子，亲自看了看。
He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权自己决定。
四、指示代词
表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。指示代词有：this（这个），that（那个），these（这些），those（那些），such(如此的，如此的事物)，same(同样的，同样的事物)，it（那个，这个）。
(一) this, these, that, those用法
this, that, these, those在句子中除了可做主语、表语、宾语和定语，想当于名词和形容外还有如下用法：
1． this (these) 一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that(those)则指时间或空间上较远的事物或人。
This is a pen and that is a pencil.这是一支钢笔，那是一支铅笔。
2． that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则指下面将要讲到的事物。
I had a bad cold.That's why I didn't come.我伤风很厉害，所以我没来。
What I want to say is this: pronunciation is very important in learning English.
我所要说的：语音在英语学习中很重要。
注意： this和these也可指前面叙述过的事物，但往往是为了强调。
This will do.这样行。
This they kept for themselves.这东西他们据为已有。
3．为了避免重复提到过的名词，常可用that或those代替。
The climate of Dalian is just as good as that of Qingdao. 大连的气候和青岛的一样好。（that代替climate）
Television sets made in Nanjing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.南京生产的电视机和上海的一样好。（those代替television sets）
4．this和that有时作状语用，表示“程度”，意思是“这么”，“那么”。
I can only promise you this much.我只有答应你这么多。
Oh, she is not that foolish.啊，她不会那么傻呀。
(二) it的用法
it指人时亦可作为指示代词看待。指示代词it在汉语中不必译出。
— Who is it 是谁？
— It's me. 是我。
Oh, it’s you, Mr. Green.哦，是你呀，格林先生。
(三) such, same的用法
such（如此的）和same(同样的)也是指示代词，其单、复数的形式相同，它们在句子中可作：
（1）定语
The foreign visitors said they had never seen such a beautiful city before.外宾说他们从来没看见这样美丽的城市。
We are not talking about the same thing.我们谈的不是一回事。
注意：such作定语时，它所修饰的名词之前如有不定冠词，这个不定冠词应放在such之后，如上面第一例。Such作定语时，在它所修饰的名词后面有时跟as，
There is no such thing as a "good lie ".没有“好谎言”这么回事。
（2）作主语
相当于名词，在句子中可作主语等成分。
Such are the results.结果就是如此。（做主语）
The same may be said of his brother.他弟弟也有这种情形。（做主语）
注意：在same之前必须用冠词the。
五、不定代词
不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数与不可数之分，泛指人或事物，或对人、事物作不确定的指代。下面将不定代词列表如下：
不可数 可 数 不可数或复数
单数 复数
muchmoremost(a)littleless(the)least one eithereach neitherother anotherevery some thingany + bodyno one bothseverala fewmany allsomeanyenoughnone
（一）some 与any的用法
1、some一些，某些，某个
（1）some可代替名词或形容词，常用在肯定句中做主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时，它所修饰的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；可数名词可以是单数或复数，单数表示“某个”，复数表示“某些”。
Some are singing,and others are dancing.有的在唱歌，有的在跳舞。
Some Mr. Green is asking to see you.有位格林先生要见你。
（2）some也可用于表示请求和邀请的疑问句中
Would you like some bananas吃香蕉好吗？
(3)some也可以用作状语，意思相当于about（大约）。
I waited some twenty minutes.我等了大约二十分钟。
2、any一些,任何
（1）可以代替名词或形容词。常用在否定句或疑问句中，也可用于条件状语从句中。作定语时，它所修饰的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，可数名词可以是单数或复数（一般应用复数）。
Is there any ink in your pen 你的笔里有墨水吗？
If there is any difficulty, let me know.有困难就告诉我。
（2）不定代词any用在肯定句中时，意思是“任何的”
You must find a dictionary, any one will do.你必须型找到一本字典，任何一本都行。
（3）any可用作状语，表示程度
Are you feeling any better today 你今天觉得好点吗？
3. some和any的区别：some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。但是，如果说话人希望得到肯定的回答，这时疑问句中可用some；some还可用于表示请求和邀请的疑问句。
Have you any ink 你有墨水吗？
Would you like some sweets 请吃糖果。
(二) it, one，that与those的区别
1．it／one／that三者均可用作代词，指代前面提到的名词。一般说来， it指代同名同物；one与that则指代同名异物。
I have lost my umbrella；I'm looking for it．（该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella）
I have lost my umbrella；I think I must buy one．（one在该句中表泛指，因为my umbrella已经丢了）
The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought．（替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”，以区别“the umbrella you bought”）
2．one与that虽可用来指代同名异物，但one为泛指，相当于a／an＋名词；that为特指，相当于the ＋名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 a／an ／some ／any；that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the ／this ／that。
A chair made of steel is stronger than one made ofwood．（该句中one可以换成a chair）
The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot．（该句中that可以换成 the water） 3．one只能代替可数名词单数，代替可数名词复数时用ones；that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数，代替可数名词复数时用 those。
I like this pen more than that one．（one代替可数名词单数pen）
There were a few young people and some older ones in the house．（ones代替可数名词复数people）
Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter．（that代替不可数名词 handwriting）
These pictures are more beautiful than those．（those代替可数名词复数 pictures）
4．one既可代替事物，也可代替人，that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有时可以用the one或the ones代替that或those。
The one ／That on the table is mine．（该句中The one代替事物，并且也可以用That）
He is the teacher，the one who is loved by the students．（该句中the one代替人，不能用that）
He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads，the ones ／those that had the best color．（该句中the ones代替事物，并且也可以用those）
5．one一般有前置修饰语，有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语。而 that不能有前置修饰语，但可有后置修饰语。
Cook was a strict but good captain， one who took good care of his sailors．
The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river．
6．it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等，充当形式主语或形式宾语。 one与that均无此用法。
It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month．
I found it hard to get on with her．
7．it与that均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容，而one ／ones则不可以。
He has saved my life；I'll never forget it．（it代替第一分句）
Tom is painting his house．Iam told he does it every four years．（it代替前面分句的部分内容painting his house）
Let's say we meet here at three o'clock．That ought to give you time to buy everything．（That代替前面表述的内容）
(三) another,other和others 的用法
another和other既可以作代词，也可以作形容词，在表示“另一个”或“另一些”时，它们的用法和含义都有差别。
1、作代词
another泛指不定数中（三者或三者以上）的另一个，只能表示单数。other作代词时，其前要加定冠词the，特指两个中的另一个，即the other。如：
This glass is broken．Get me another．这只杯子破了，给我另拿一只。
He has a book in one hand，and a pen in the other．他一只手拿着本书，另一只手拿着只钢笔。
注意：①在表示“一个……，另一个……”时，如果所讲的事物只有两个，用“one．．．the other．．．”；如果有三个，使用“one．．．another（或a second）．．．the third．．．”；如果有四个，则用“one．．．another．．．a third．．．the fourth．．．”。如：
The old man has three sons．One is a worker，another is a farmer and the third is a soldier．这老人有三个儿子，一个是工人，一个是农民，还有一个是战士。
②another本身没有复数形式，要表示复数用others，这也是other的复数形式。
others是代词other的复数形式，泛指“另外或其他的人或物”，但不指其余全部的人或物，常与some连用。如果指一定范围内除去一个或一部分后“其余全部的人或物”，则用the others。如：
We must think more of others．我们要多想别人。
We five did cleaning yesterday．Chen and I cleaned the windows and the others mopped the floor．我们五个人昨天搞了大扫除。我和陈擦窗子，其他的人拖地板。
2、作形容词
another只能修饰三个或三个以上同类事物中的另一个，即只能修饰单数名词。other既可修饰单数名词，也可修饰复数名词。the other修饰单数名词时，表示特指的两个中的另一个；the other修饰复数名词时，表示除去一个或一部分后余下的全部。other修饰复数名词时，泛指已提到的之外的另一些。如：
We'll see the exhibition another day．我们另找时间去看展览。
The post office is on the other side of the street．邮局在这条街的那一边。
注意：
①other作定语时只能修饰名词，如果修饰不定代词或疑问代词，则要用else。如：
—Do you have anything else（＝any other thing）to say？“你还有别的事情要说吗？”
—Nothing else． “没别的事了。”
What else did you do yesterday？昨天你还做了什么吗？
My book is on the desk．It is somebody else's．我的书在桌子上，这是别的什么人的。
②another和other都可以用来修饰数词，表示“另外的；附加的”。another的位置是 another ＋数词＋复数名词，other则是数词＋ other ＋复数名词，相当于m ore的用法。如：
I have another two letters to write this afternoon．＝I have two other letters to write this afternoon．＝I have two more letters ／two letters more to write this afternoon．我今天下午还有两封信要写。
③我们可以说many（a few ，several，a lot，some，any，no）other ／more ＋复数名词， another few ＋复数名词，但不可以说another many（a few，several，a lot，some，any，no）＋复数名词。如：
Many other ／more students want to take part in the game．（不能说Another many）还有许多学生想参加这场比赛。
A few other ／A few more ／Another few trees have been planted in our garden．我们的园子里又栽了一些树。
There are some other ／more things to do．还有别的事情要做。
[注意]any other的用法
同一单位或团体中的某人、某物与他人、他物作比较时，要用any other，表示 "任何其他的"。如:
The Yangtze is longer than any other river in China.
在中国，长江比其他任何河都长。
(四)few，a few; little，a little的用法
a few和few与复数可数名词搭配。few的意思是否定的，表示"很少" 或"几乎没有"; a few的意思是肯定的，表示"一些"，"有一点"。a little和little只可与不可数名词搭配。a little的意思是肯定的，表示"有一些";a little的意思是否定的，表示"很少"。如:
Tom has a few friends, but his sister has few friends.
汤姆有几个朋友，但他妹妹几乎没有朋友。
I know a little about him.我了解一点他的情况。
I have little money left. 我不剩几个钱了。
(五)none, no one和nobody的用法
l. none的意思是"都没有"，用于指 三个或三个以上的人或事物，它能起名词的作用，在句中用作主语、宾语和表语。none作主语时，动词可以用复数(强调所有)或单数(强调每个)。它既可指人，也可指物，还可指不可数的事物。使用时有一定的范围，故可与of构成的介词短语连用。no one是表泛指的代词，不强调具体范围，仅限于指人，相当于nobody，语气比none强，多用于口语中，不能与of构成的介词短语连用。no one作主语时，动词用单数。nobody指人，常用于口语中。在一般情况下的简略答语中，nobody和none回答who开头的问句；none回答how many或how much开头的问句。如:
None have/has arrived yet. 还没有人来。
None of you watched carefully enough. 你们谁都观察得不够仔细。
No one likes to make friends with her.没有人喜欢和她交朋友。
---Who is the library 谁在图书馆里？
---Nobody(No one). 没有人。
---How many students are there in the classroom 教室里有多少学生？
---None.没有人。
(六)both，neither，neither的用法
both表示"两个都"，只能用于两个人或两个事物，可以起名词和形容词的作用。它在句中可以做主语 、宾语、定语、同位语等。either表示"两者中任何一个"，它起名词和形容词的作用，在句中用作主语、宾语和定语。它作主语时， 谓语动词要用单数。neither是either的否定形式，意为"两者都不"，用法同ether。如:
Both of them want to go.他们两个人都想去。
Either of the answers is correct. 两种答案都是对的。
Either book will do.两本书中哪一本都可以。
Neither of the stories was true.两个故事都不真实。
We both fell off, but fortunately neither of us was hurt.
我们两人都摔倒了，但幸好都没有摔伤。
(七) all，every，each的用法
all用来指全体，可用于复数可数名词，也可用于不可数名词，可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语等。every指三个或三个以上的人或事物，主要用于个体之间共有的情况，把分散的个体当作一个整体来看待，它只能作定语。each指两个或两个以上，指把整体分开来进行个别考虑，强调个体。它可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。如:
All the students have passed the examination.全部学生都考试及格了。
Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对我们都是重要的。
Each of us had his strong points.我们每人都有自己的长处。
(八) 合成不定代词的用法
由some，any，no，every加上-body，-one，-thing构成的不定代词，叫做合成不定代词。合成不定代词相当于名词，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，而不能作定语。合成不定代词 都作单数看待。它们被定语修饰时，定语需后置。和some，any一样，somebody等词一般用于肯定句;anybody等词一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句;somebody等词也可以用于疑问句，表示请求、建议或反问等。如:
Does anybody live on this island 有人住在这个岛上吗
Let's give her something different to eat. 我们给她吃点儿别的东西。
Everybody obeys the rules; anybody who breaks the rules is punished.
每个人都要遵守规则，谁要是违犯了这些规则就要受到处罚。
Haven't you forgotten something 您没忘记了什么
Why don't you ask somebody to help you 你干吗不找人帮帮你的忙
（九）many，much的用法
many用来代替或修饰复数可数名词。much用来代替或修饰不可数名词。如:
Do you have many friends 你有许多朋友吗
There isn't much milk left. 牛奶剩下不多了。
六、疑问代词
疑问代词有who, whom, whose, which, what，都用来引出特殊疑问句。
1．who, whom和whose
who是主格，主要作主语、表语，口语中可代替whom作宾语。whom 是宾格，只可作宾语。whose是用来询问某物属于谁的。
Who will attend the meeting 谁将参加会议？（who做主语）
Whom are you talking about 你们在说谁？（whom作宾语，但在句首时口语中常用who代替whom）
Whose umbrella is this 这是谁的伞？（whose作定语）
2．who和what
what主要指事物，也可以指人的职业或身份特征，也可以用来询问价格、人口数量等等。who是指某人的名字或人与人之间的关系。
---What does she do 他是干什么的？
---She is a teacher.
---Who is he 他是谁？
---He is my father.他是我爸爸。
3．what和which
what用于对未知事物提问，which用于必须作出某种特定的选择时。which表示在一定数目（或范围）之内的选择，what则没有这种限制。 which后可以跟of，而what则不可。
What do you usually have for lunch 你午饭通常吃些什么？
Which do you prefer, tea or coffee 茶和咖啡你想喝哪一种？
Which of your classmates come from Beijing 你们同学中间谁是北京人？
4、疑问代词who, what, which等后面加单词ever,可用来强调语气，表达说话人的各种感情。
What ever do you want 你到底想要什么？
Whom ever is he looking for 他究竟在找谁？
第三节 巩固提高
1. ---I feel a bit hungry.
---Why don’t you have_______bread
A.any B.some C.little D.a
2. ______but folks will believe what he said.
A.Some B.Nothing C.Anything D.Everything
3. I asked him for some oil, but he hadn't_______.
A. any B. some C. oil D. one
4. I'd been expecting _______ letters the whole morning, but there weren't _______ for me.
A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D. a few; none
5. Mr Alcott,headmaster of the school,refused to accepted______of the three suggestions made by the Students’ Union.
A.either B.neither C.any D.none
6. Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to all pupils except _______ who had already taken them.
A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others
7. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work hard,but______didn't help.
A.he B.which C.she D.it
8. Tom is going camping with_______boys.
A.little two other B.two little other
C.two other little D.little other two
9. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,and______.
A.the other is white B.another white
C.the other white D.another is white
10. ---Have you finished your report yet
---No, I'll finish in_______ten minutes.
A. another B. other C. more D. less
11. ---What do you think of the cake
---It's nice. I'd like to have_______.
A. some other B. another C. others D. other
12. Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in________.
A. the other B. some other C. others D. these others
13. We have planted a lot of apple trees, but because there has been no rain, _______ have borne fruit.
A. some B. few C. a few D. the few
14. ---Would you like some wine
---Yes, just ________.
A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit
15. As it was a stormy night, _______ people went to see the film.
A. a few B. few C. several D. many
16. It is impossible for so_____workers to do so______work in a single day.
A.few;much B.few;many C.little;much D.little many
17. If we had followed his plan,we could have have done the job better with_______money and ________people.
A.less;less B.fewer;fewer C.less;fewer D.fewer;less
18. I’m afraid he did not do very well in the dictation.There were______spelling mistakes in it.
A．few B.a few of C.fewer D.quite a few
19. We couldn't eat in a restaurant because ________ of us had _______ money onus.
A. all; no B. any; no C. none; any D. no one; any
20. As we were asleep, _______ of us heard the sound.
A. both B. none C. either D. any
21. _______ of them knew about the plan because it was kept in a secret.
A. Each B. Any C. No one D. None
22. ---Are the two answers correct
---No, _______correct.
A. no one is B. both are not
C. neither is D. either is not
23. ---Have you seen Tom and Mary
---I haven't seen _______ of them.
A. neither B. any C. either D. all
24. ---Which of these two ties will you take
---I'll take _______, to give me a change sometimes.
A. either B. neither C. alt D. both
25. I invited Tom and Ann to dinner,but______of them came.
A.neither B.both C.either D.none
26. ----Do you want tea or coffee
----________,I really don’t mind.
A.Both B.None C.Either D.Neither
27. Both teams were in hard training,_______was willing to lose the game.
A.either B.neither C.another D.the other
28. ---Is _______ here
---No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody
29.All but one______here just now.
A.is B.was C.has been D.were
30. _______of the boys has got a pencil and some paper.
A.All B.Every C.Everyone D.Each
31. His camera is more expensive than _______.
A. hers B. her C. it D. its
32.Kate and her sister went to holiday with a cousin of ______.
A. their B. theirs C. her D. hers
33. ---Is your camera like Bill's and Ann's
---No, but ifs almost the same as_______. ()
A. her B. yours C. them D. their
34. The boy promised _______ mother never to lie to ______ again.
A. his; him B. her; her C. her; him D. his; her
35. ---Can you leave your children at home alone
---Yes. They can take care of _______ now.
A. them B. their C. themselves D. themselves
36.----Is this your coat
----No, ________is a blue one.
A.me B．my C．I D．mine
37. The teacher offered _______ to you and ________.
A．they, I B．them, me C．they, me D．them, I
38.I sent gifts to Tom and Mike but _______ of them showed for their turns.
A.both B.neither C.none D.no
39._______ of the players wanted to try, so they all waited for their turns.
A.Every B．Each C．Everybody D．One
40.Can you tell ______ that I'll be late
A.another B．other C．others D．the others
41.He is really quiet. He is a man of ________ words.
A.little B．few C．a little D．a few
42.It's very hot. Won't you sit down and take _______ iced water
A.one B．any C．some D．no
43.I tries on two dresses but _______ of them fitted me.
A.neither B．both C．none D．all
44.He said he would be ready in ______ ten minutes.
A.other B．another C．some D．more
45.When asked about the accident, he didn't say ________.
A.many B．much C．some D．all
46.She doesn't want _______ of them to trouble her. She thinks all her roommates are very naughty.
A.none B．any C．neither D．either
47.There was _______ rain last year. There had to pump water from wells.
A.few B．a few C．little D．a little
48.You look tired. Can I help you with ______ Thanks, but they weigh two kilograms each.
A.those box B．these boxes C．such box D．that boxes
49.The new designs are less expensive than ________ .
A．the old those B．old these C．the old ones D．others ones
50.The soil here is much richer than _______ on the hill.
A．the one B．one C．those D．that
51.China is larger than ________ countries in Asia.
A．any of B．any C．any of the other D．other
52.Canada is larger than _______ countries in Asia.
A．any B．any other C．any of the other D．other
53.Don't be so nervous. ______ of the you may try three times.
A．Each B．Some C．Every D．None
54.He had good advice for each of us, but only _______ of us accepted it.
A．few B．a few C．little D．a little
55.Would you like _______ more No, thanks.
A．any B．little C．another D．some
56.He felt ________ his duty to remind his mother of the time.
A．it B．one C．that D．him
57.The number of books in our library is larger than_________.
A.that in them B.those in theirs C.that D.that in theirs
58.You must be bungry. Are you sure I can't offer you _______
A.any thing B.everything C.something D.any foods
59.If you have______doubt.you can refer to____of the reference books here.
A.some;some B.any; some C.some; a few D.any; a few
60.I just want an umbrella;________will do.
A.it B.one C.anyone D.any one
答案：1.B 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.A 11.B 12.C 13. B 14. C 15. B 16.A 17. C 18.D 19. C 20.B 21.D 22. C 23. C 24.D 25.A 26.A 27. B 28. C 29.D 30. D 31.A 32. B 33. B 34.D 35.C 36.D 37.B 38.B 39.B 40.D 41.B 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.B 46.B 47.C 48.B 49.C 50.D 51.C 52.A 53.A 54.A 55.D 56.A 57.D 58.C 59.B 60.D
第三章 数词
1. It took us quite a long time to get here. It was ____ journey. 【200北京春】
A. three-hour B. a three hour
C. a three-hour D. three hours
2. It is reported that the United States uses _____ energy as the whole of Europe. 【NMET全国III-33】
A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much
3．The house rent is expensive . I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying here . 【上海】
A．as three times much B．as much three times
C．much as three times D．three times as much
4.He did it ____ it took me. 【北京】
A. one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the time
5．______of the land in that district ______covered with trees and grass.【上海】
A.two fifth; is B.two fifth; are C.two fifths ; is D.two fifths; are
6. It is not rare in _______ that people _______ fifties are going to university for further education. 【上海】
A. 90s; the B. the 90s; /
C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their
7. _______ cave that George has discovered in his life time is near the Alps. 【1992上海】
A. The hundredth B. The hundred
C. Hundredth D. A hundredth
8. The hero of the story is an artist in his _______. 【】
A.thirtieth B.thirty C.thirtys D.thirties
9. Shortly after the accident, two _______ police were sent to the post to keep order. 【1992】
A. dozen of B. dozens C. dozen D. dozens of
10. China is _______ larger than the United States. 【1990上海】
A. one six B. one sixth C. one sixes D. one sixths
11. He looked quite healthy though he was_______.【1985上海】
A.in seventy B.in his seventies C.at seventies D.at the age of seventy
12. Mr. Smith _______ me to buy several _______ eggs for the dinner party. 【1992上海】
A. asked; dozen B. suggested; dozens of
C. had; dozen D. persuaded; dozens
13. Two_______died of cold last winter. 【1988】
A. hundreds old people B. hundred old pe