中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
02-2 说明文阅读理解七选五专题练-2024年新高考英语题型突破
1
(2024届安徽省安庆市高三下学期二模)
How to Make Your Clothes Last Longer
We have to throw out some clothes that we love just because we’ve not taken good care of them. Four top tips can help you make your clothes last longer. ___36___
●Reduce the times you wash your clothes. Washing your clothes less doesn’t mean wearing the same T-shirt tor a week. You can wear clothes like jeans and jumpers at least three times before washing. The exception, of course, is clothes worn for the gym. Besides, if you don’t wear clothes next to your skin, air them after wearing. ___37___ If they seem fine, you can wear them another day.
●Wash, our clothes inside out. ___38___ As the machine spins (旋转) the clothes around, they must each other. Turning your clothes inside out reduces wear on the outside surface of your clothes: This can help keep them from damage.
●Air your clothes dry if possible. Drying your clothes on a line is good for both your clothes and he environment. ___39___ When possible, just use the dryer at a low temperature.
●___40___ Rather than throw something out because of a small hole or tear. Knowing how to use a needle and thread (线) and a few basic repairing techniques can be friendly to your clothes and your pocket. If the work is beyond your skills, you can find repair places nearby your houses.
A. Hang your jumpers on the clothes line.
B. Fixing your clothes is a wise alternative.
C. Use an app to find places for clothes repair.
D. Simply check your clothes for any spots or marks.
E. Your clothes are usually beaten hard during the wash.
F. In the meantime, it can also reduce the expense of the electricity.
G. They can also help save both your money and our environment definitely.
【语篇导读】本篇说明文主要说明了让衣服更耐穿的四个建议。
36.【答案】G
【解析】根据上文“We have to throw out some clothes that we love just because we’ve not taken good care of them. Four top tips can help you make your clothes last longer.(我们不得不扔掉一些我们喜欢的衣服，只是因为我们没有好好爱护它们。四个小贴士可以让你的衣服更耐穿)”可知，本句承接上文，说明这些建议的好处。故G选项“它们还可以帮助省钱和挽救环境”符合语境，故选G。
37.【答案】D
【解析】根据上文“Besides, if you don’t wear clothes next to your skin, air them after wearing.(此外，如果你不穿贴身的衣服，穿完后晾晒)”以及后文“If they seem fine, you can wear them another day.(如果看起来不错，你可以改天再穿)”可知，后文提到了看起来不错可以改天再穿，可知本句是在说明衣服看起来有问题的情况。故D选项“简单地检查你的衣服上有没有斑点或痕迹”符合语境，故选D。
38.【答案】E
【解析】根据后文“As the machine spins (旋转) the clothes around, they must each other. Turning your clothes inside out reduces wear on the outside surface of your clothes: This can help keep them from damage.(当机器旋转衣服时，它们必须互相啮合。把衣服里里外外翻过来可以减少衣服外表面的磨损，这样可以防止衣服损坏)”可知，本句主要说明衣服翻转过来的原因。故E选项“你的衣服通常在洗的时候被拍打得很用力”符合语境，故选E。
39.【答案】F
【解析】根据上文“●Air your clothes dry if possible. Drying your clothes on a line is good for both your clothes and he environment.(如果可能的话，把衣服晾干。用绳子晒衣服对你的衣服和环境都有好处)”可知，本句承接上文，说明用绳子晾衣服的好处。故F选项“同时，还可以降低电费”符合语境，故选F。
40.【答案】B
【解析】根据后文“Rather than throw something out because of a small hole or tear. Knowing how to use a needle and thread (线) and a few basic repairing techniques can be friendly to your clothes and your pocket. If the work is beyond your skills, you can find repair places nearby your houses.(不要因为一个小洞或撕裂就把衣服扔出去。知道如何使用针线和一些基本的修补技术可以对你的衣服和口袋友好。如果工作超出了你的技能范围，你可以在你家附近找修理的地方)”可知，本段的建议是修补衣服，B选项中Fixing对应后文repairing，故B选项“修理你的衣服是一个明智的选择”符合语境，故选B。
2
(2024届福建省泉州市高中毕业班下学期质量监测三)Napping during the day is an ancient custom that is
practiced worldwide. Short naps, which last from 20 to 30 minutes at the right time, can benefit vitality and overall health in countless ways.
Short naps can boost mental functioning and memory, as well as improve vitality, attention and reaction time. ___36___ Because napping seems to improve creative thinking, some companies have attempted to introduce napping rooms.
What’s more, it appears the brain uses nap time to process information gathered throughout the day. ___37___ A study revealed that short naps also helped people become more confident and sensible, which resulted in better focus and efficiency at work. Napping may also lead to an improved ability to learn new skills, such as a golf swing. This is because these memories or skills are strengthened in the brain during sleep.
___38___ Studies show that more consistent sleep will help lower “fight or flight” chemicals in our bodies. As a result, our blood pressure and heart rates are normalized. Napping appears to help this process for some people.
___39___ One condition associated with napping longer than 30 minutes is sleep inertia (睡后迟钝). This can harm cognitive function from several minutes up to half an hour. Long or late afternoon naps can lead to difficulties falling asleep during the night. ___40___
So, to maximize benefits while reducing risks, please keep naps short in the early afternoon to avoid sleep inertia and nighttime sleep disruptions.
A. But napping can come with drawbacks as well.
B. The reason for this phenomenon is mostly unknown.
C. Therefore, that appears to enhance problem-solving abilities.
D. Short naps are also linked to increased productivity and creativity.
E. Napping can also be associated with a reduced risk of heart diseases.
F. Napping should not serve as an alternative for enough nighttime rest.
G. Besides, for those aged 60 and up, longer naps may increase the risk for heart diseases.
【语篇导读】本篇说明文主要介绍了适当的午睡的好处及长时间午睡的坏处。
36.【答案】D
【解析】根据前文“Short naps can boost mental functioning and memory, as well as improve vitality, attention and reaction time. (短时间的午睡可以增强精神功能和记忆力，还可以提高活力、注意力和反应时间)”提到了短时间午睡带来的好处。后文“Because napping seems to improve creative thinking, some companies have attempted to introduce napping rooms.(因为午睡似乎可以提高创造性思维，一些公司已经尝试引入午睡室)”，主要介绍了午睡对于提高生产力以及创造力的好处。所以空处应承接前文，继续讲述午睡的好处。选项D.“Short naps are also linked to increased productivity and creativity.(午睡一会儿还能提高工作效率和创造力)”选项中“also”一词，表示了继续讲述午睡的好处，符合题意，故选D项。
37.【答案】C
【解析】根据前文“What’s more, it appears the brain uses nap time to process information gathered
throughout the day. (更重要的是，大脑似乎利用午睡时间来处理一整天收集到的信息)”介绍了午睡带给大脑的益处：大脑能利用此段时间来处理信息。所以空处应该陈述大脑这样做带来的结果是什么。选项C.“Therefore, that appears to enhance problem-solving abilities.(因此，这似乎能提高解决问题的能力)”提到了结果是带来增强解决问题的能力，符合题意，故选C项。
38.【答案】E
【解析】根据下文“Studies show that more consistent sleep will help lower “fight or flight” chemicals in our bodies. As a result, our blood pressure and heart rates are normalized. Napping appears to help this process for some people.(研究表明，更稳定的睡眠有助于降低我们体内“战斗或逃跑”的化学物质。因此，我们的血压和心率是正常的。对一些人来说，午睡似乎有助于这个过程)”提到了午睡对血压和心率的好处。因此作为段落的首句，应该起总结描述作用，讲述午睡对身体健康包括血压和心率的好处。选项E.“Napping can also be associated with a reduced risk of heart diseases.(午睡还可以降低患心脏病的风险)”符合题意，故选E项。
39.【答案】A
【解析】根据下文“One condition associated with napping longer than 30 minutes is sleep inertia (睡后迟钝). This can harm cognitive function from several minutes up to half an hour.(午睡时间超过30分钟的一个症状是睡后迟钝。这会对认知功能造成几分钟到半小时的损害)”提到了长时间午睡带来的害处。所以可推知，空处应该介绍午睡的缺点。选项A.“But napping can come with drawbacks as well.(但午睡也有缺点)”符合题意，故选A项。
40.【答案】G
【解析】根据前文“This can harm cognitive function from several minutes up to half an hour. Long or late afternoon naps can lead to difficulties falling asleep during the night.(这会对认知功能造成几分钟到半小时的损害。午睡时间过长或时间过晚会导致夜间难以入睡)”介绍了午睡时间长的坏处，因此，作为段落的结尾，应承接前文，讲述午睡的坏处。选项G.“Besides, for those aged 60 and up, longer naps may increase the risk for heart diseases.(此外，对于60岁及以上的人来说，午睡时间过长可能会增加患心脏病的风险)”提到了午睡时间长带给老人的危害，符合题意，故选G项。
3
(2024届河北省保定市保定部分高中一模)Everyone feels a little jealous (嫉妒的) once in a while. But when these feelings of jealousy begin to cause you stress, it’s probably time to start looking for ways to get rid of your jealousy. The techniques below can help you reflect on your jealousy and move on from any frustration in a healthy way.
●Acknowledge your feelings of jealousy.
When you notice feelings of jealousy starting to creep in (悄然出现), take a few minutes to check in with yourself. Ask yourself “Am I jealous right now ” It’s perfectly normal to get jealous once in a while, so don’t be too hard on yourself. ___36___
●Find the root of your jealousy.
___37___ Once you admit that you’re struggling with jealousy, it’s time to start looking into why you’re feeling that way. For example, low self-respect is often a cause of jealousy. Other possible causes include：past terrible experiences or mental health disorders.
●Talk about it with other people.
If you have a lot of frustration caused by jealousy, don’t just keep it to yourself. Take time to sit down with your family member to tell them what’s going on. If you don’t want to talk to anyone, here are some other suggestions for how to cope: ___38___ You can also write down your thoughts and feelings in a journal.
●Focus on your positive qualities.
Find your own unique strengths to defeat feelings of jealousy. Jealousy is often rooted in feelings of insecurity and low self-esteem. ___39___ When you start feeling those tell-tale signs of jealousy, remind yourself of all the things that make you amazing.
●Limit your time on social media.
Social media tends to only show the “perfect” parts of someone’s life. If you struggle with jealousy, you can be tempted (诱惑) to look through other people’s profiles to look for faults. ___40___ To stop any jealous feelings from forming, log off for a while and do something more productive instead.
A. Take exercise to burn off the stress.
B. But most of the time those desires will just feed your jealousy.
C. Occasionally there are deeper underlying issues that fuel jealousy.
D. However, it’s vital to remember that you have a lot of special talents.
E. Instead of envying someone with a lot of money, make your dollars count.
F. Constantly setting yourself up against others can just make your jealousy worse.
G. But sometimes just naming your emotions can help you gain control over them.
【语篇导读】本篇说明文主要介绍了应对嫉妒的五种最佳方法。
36.【答案】G
【解析】根据该段标题“Acknowledge your feelings of jealousy.”(承认你的嫉妒感)以及上文“It’s perfectly normal to get jealous once in a while, so don’t be too hard on yourself.”(偶尔嫉妒是很正常的，所以不要对自己太苛刻)提到偶尔嫉妒是很正常的。结合选项G项But sometimes just naming your emotions can help you gain control over them.(但有时只是说出你的情绪可以帮助你控制它们)可知，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进，同时呼应标题，故选G项。
37.【答案】C
【解析】根据该段标题“Find the root of your jealousy.”(找到你嫉妒的根源)以及下文“Once you admit that you’re struggling with jealousy, it’s time to start looking into why you’re feeling that way.”(一旦你承认你在与嫉妒作斗争，是时候开始看看你为什么会有这种感觉了)提到找出为什么会有这种嫉妒的感觉。结合选项C项Occasionally there are deeper underlying issues that fuel jealousy.(偶尔会有更深层次的潜在问题引发嫉妒)可知，和上下文内容紧密连接，起到上下文的承上启下作用，符合语境，故选C项。
38.【答案】A
【解析】根据上文“If you don’t want to talk to anyone, here are some other suggestions for how to cope:”(如果你不想和任何人说话，这里有一些关于如何应对的其他建议)提到有一些关于如何应对的其他建议。以及下文“You can also write down your thoughts and feelings in a journal.”(你也可以在日记中写下你的想法和感受)提到在日记中写下你的想法和感受。结合选项A项Take exercise to burn off the stress.(通过锻炼来消除压力)可知，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯，故选A项。
39.【答案】D
【解析】根据上文“Find your own unique strengths to defeat feelings of jealousy. Jealousy is often rooted in feelings of insecurity and low self-esteem.”(找到自己独特的优势来战胜嫉妒的感觉。嫉妒通常源于不安全感和低自尊)可知，讲的是嫉妒通常源于不安全感和低自尊。结合选项D项However, it’s vital to remember that you have a lot of special talents.(然而，重要的是要记住，你有很多特殊的才能)可知，和上文内容紧密连接，同时引起下文，符合语境，故选D项。
40.【答案】B
【解析】根据上文“If you struggle with jealousy, you can be tempted(诱惑)to look through other people’s profiles to look for faults.”(如果你在嫉妒中挣扎，你可能会忍不住去看别人的资料，寻找缺点)提到你可能会忍不住去看别人的资料，寻找缺点。结合选项B项But most of the time those desires will just feed your jealousy.(但大多数时候，这些欲望只会助长你的嫉妒)可知，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进，符合语境，故选B项。
4
(2024届河北省沧州市泊头市高三年级八县联考一模)Even the most positive people have negative thoughts. It’s part of being human. But when negative thoughts become the norm, it isn’t healthy. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to change your negative thoughts into realistic thinking—seeing yourself, your relationships and world events as they really are.
Monitor your self-talk. We all have an ongoing dialogue running in our head, which affects how we view our life. ___36___ So, to promote realistic thinking, first you need to find out and listen to that inner voice. Being aware of those inner comments starts to help you take control of them.
___37___ Not every negative thought is “bad”. For example, “I feel stressed and upset about my job because there are so many new things I am learning, but overtime I’ll learn and it’ll get easier.” has a negative aspect, but it promotes a positive action. Therefore, it’s important to make the distinction between helpful thoughts and negative ones.
Challenge your unhelpful thoughts. ___38___ Continuing with the work example, do you really hate your job or are you just anxious about the new project that you’ve been assigned
___39___ Now that you’re clear which thought is not helpful, you can replace it with one that is. Using the example from above, a more positive thought might be, “Once I get started on the new project I’m sure I'll do fine. It’s just the anticipation that I don’t like.”
Repeat. Realistic thinking doesn’t come easy, especially when you are also working on managing anxiety, depression, and other problems. ___40___
A. Identify thoughts that aren’t helpful.
B. Plant positive thoughts in your mind.
C. Analyse what self-talk is the most beneficial.
D. But because it’s constantly running, we often forget it’s there.
E. These thoughts can consume your energy or cause physical problems.
F. To be more realistic, you need to question whether your thoughts are factual.
G. You need to continually return to it even when it feels natural to become negative.
【语篇导读】本篇说明文讲述了一些将消极想法转变为现实的想法的有效措施。
36.【答案】E
【解析】根据上文“Monitor your self-talk. We all have an ongoing dialogue running in our head, which affects how we view our life.(监控你的自言自语。我们都有一个持续的对话在我们的脑海中运行，它影响我们如何看待我们的生活)”可知，本段建议监控自己的自言自语，它们会影响我们的生活，下文“So, to promote realistic thinking, first you need to find out and listen to that inner voice. Being aware of those inner comments starts to help you take control of them.(因此，为了促进现实思维，首先你需要找到并倾听内心的声音。意识到这些内心的评论开始帮助你控制它们)”说明要采取措施倾听内心的声音，并控制它们，因此推断E项“这些想法会消耗你的精力或导致身体问题”符合语境,承接上文说明自言自语对生活的具体危害。引出下文要采取措施控制这些自言自语，故选E。
37.【答案】B
【解析】空处为段落小标题，概况本段主旨。根据下文“Not every negative thought is "bad". For example, "I feel stressed and upset about my job because there are so many new things I am learning, but overtime I'll learn and it'll get easier." has a negative aspect, but it promotes a positive action. Therefore, it's important to make the distinction between helpful thoughts and negative ones.(并不是所有消极的想法都是“坏的”。例如，“我对我的工作感到压力和不安，因为我正在学习很多新东西，但是随着时间的推移，我会学习，它会变得更容易”这是一个消极的方面，但它促进了积极的行动。因此，区分有益的想法和消极的想法是很重要的)”可知，本段讲述区分有益的想法和消极的想法，并非所有消极的想法都不好，用积极的想法取代那些消极的想法，因此推断项B“在你的脑海中植入积极的想法”为最佳标题，故选B。
38.【答案】F
【解析】根据标题“Challenge your unhelpful thoughts.(挑战你那些无益的想法)”可知，本段讲述要对抗无益的想法，下文“Continuing with the work example, do you really hate your job or are you just anxious about the new project that you've been assigned (继续以工作为例，你是真的讨厌你的工作，还是只是对分配给你的新项目感到焦虑 )”举例说明如何对抗无益的想法，因此推断F项“要更现实一点，你需要质疑自己的想法是否真实”符合语境，说明如何挑战无益的想法，质疑是否属实，下文是对于这个想法是否属实的具体解释，故选F。
39.【答案】A
【解析】 空处为段落小标题，概况本段主旨。根据下文“Now that you’re clear which thought is not helpful, you can replace it with one that is. Using the example from above, a more positive thought might be, “Once I get started on the new project I’m sure I'll do fine. It’s just the anticipation that I don’t like.”(既然你清楚了哪个想法是没有帮助的，你就可以用一个有用的想法来取代它。用上面的例子，一个更积极的想法可能是，“一旦我开始新项目，我确信我会做得很好。我只是不喜欢这种期待”)”可知，本段讲述识别那些没有帮助的想法，用有用的想法代替它。因此推断A项“识别那些没有帮助的想法”为最佳标题，故选A。
40.【答案】G
【解析】根据上文“Repeat. Realistic thinking doesn’t come easy, especially when you are also working on managing anxiety, depression, and other problems.(重复。现实的思考并不容易，尤其是当你还在处理焦虑、抑郁和其他问题的时候)”可知，要拥有现实的想法并不容易，需要不断地重复去练习，因此推断G项“你需要不断地回到它，即使你觉得变得消极是很自然的”符合语境，continually呼应repeat，故选G。
5
(2024届河北省邯郸市高三下学期第三次调研)Camping isn’t the same without a fire and in fact, many campsites even allow the use of one as long as you remain responsible and eco-friendly. As daylight disappears, there’s nothing quite like a campfire to see you through the evening and into the night.
Remember, campfires can be fun as long as you put some common sense into your practice. ___36___ If you’re a first-timer to the whole campfire scene, or simply want to know how to get your fire blazing in no time at all, we’ve got some great tips to help you.
Choose the right location. With any campfire it’s important to select a location that’s safe. Preferably you’d keep away from areas with overhanging branches and dry undergrowth. ___37___
Use dry wood. If your wood logs are wet or damp, you’ll really struggle to get any fire going. Therefore, store the wood in a dry place and keep your matches tucked away in a Ziploc bag.
Build up from small beginnings. ___38___ You’ll need to start small and get the blaze going with firelighters, kindling or newspapers. Only then can you start to apply larger wood logs.
___39___ Don’t add the larger logs on too quickly, as this can stifle (抑制) the fire and see your efforts wasted at the first hurdle.
Remember to put the fire out. After you sat around the campfire, enjoying great conversation and some light-hearted games, you’ll need to put the fire out. ___40___ Instead, let the fire die down and pour water or shovel earth on as required.
A. Avoid rushing the process.
B. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.
C. A great campfire takes time and patience.
D. Never go to bed believing a smoking fire safe.
E. You might come across a variety of problems.
F. Also make sure not to build your fire too near any tents.
G. Camping is a fantastic experience for people of all ages.
【语篇导读】本篇说明文讲述了几项野外燃放篝火的建议和注意事项。
36.【答案】E
【解析】上文“Remember, campfires can be fun as long as you put some common sense into your practice. (记住，只要你在实践中运用一些常识，篝火也可以很有趣)”说明，使用一些常识可以让篝火很有趣，下文“If you’re a first-timer to the whole campfire scene, or simply want to know how to get your fire blazing in no time at all, we’ve got some great tips to help you. (如果你是第一次到篝火现场，或者只是想知道如何让你的火很快燃烧起来，我们有一些很好的建议来帮助你)”说明如果想要篝火燃烧起来，有一些有用的建议，因此推断空处承上启下，E项“你可能会遇到各种各样的问题”符合语境，说明想要篝火随时燃烧，可能会遇到一些问题，有一些建议可以给你帮助，故选E。
37.【答案】F
【解析】上文“Choose the right location. With any campfire it’s important to select a location that’s safe. Preferably you’d keep away from areas with overhanging branches and dry undergrowth. (选择正确的位置。在任何篝火中选择一个安全的地点是很重要的。最好远离有悬垂树枝和干燥灌木丛的地方)”说明，要选择合适的篝火位置，安全很重要，要因此推断F项“还要确保不要在离帐篷太近的地方生火”符合语境，与前文是递进关系，说明安全问题，故选F。
38.【答案】C
【解析】根据“Build up from small beginnings.”可知，本段建议从小处做起。下文“You’ll need to start small and get the blaze going with firelighters, kindling or newspapers. Only then can you start to apply larger wood logs. (你需要从小处开始，用打火机、引火棒或报纸把火点燃。只有这样你才能开始使用更大的原木)”说明从小处开始，先点火，慢慢地增加更大的木头，因此推断点燃篝火需要时间和耐心，C项“一个大的营火需要时间和耐心”符合语境，故选C。
39.【答案】A
【解析】空处为段落标题。根据下文“Don’t add the larger logs on too quickly, as this can stifle (抑制) the fire and see your efforts wasted at the first hurdle. (不要过快地添加更大的原木，因为这可能会扼杀火焰，看到你的努力在第一个难关就白费了)”可知，本段建议要避免操之过急。因此推断A项“不要操之过急”符合语境，故选A。
40.【答案】B
【解析】上文“Remember to put the fire out. After you sat around the campfire, enjoying great conversation and some light-hearted games, you’ll need to put the fire out. (记得把火扑灭。当你坐在篝火旁，享受着愉快的交谈和一些轻松的游戏后，你需要把火扑灭)”说明要记住最后要把火扑灭，下文“Instead, let the fire die down and pour water or shovel earth on as required. (相反，让火慢慢地熄灭，根据需要浇水或铲土)”讲述了灭火的方式，因此推断D项“睡觉时不要相信冒着烟的火是安全的”与主题相符，承接上文，与下文是转折关系，故选D。
6
(2024届湖北省七市州教科研协作体高三下学期二模)My name is McKenzie Skiles and I’m a snow hydrologist (水文学家) at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City. ___36___ Actually, the purpose is to track dust’s impact on water resources.
I am most interested in the impact of warming temperatures on snow melting rates, and I have started studying snowmelt since 2009 in Utah and Colorado. When I skied to research sites in Utah to collect snow for my experiment, the mountainous landscapes were covered in dust. ___37___ It’s clear that 2009 was one of the biggest years for dust deposition (沉积) onto snow.
___38___ I usually have to cover several kilometers, carrying a 27-kilogramme pack with a shovel (铲子) to dig a snow hole, tools to cut snow and measure its density, and containers to collect snow for analyses. One year, I hit a dusty area of snow, broke my ski and sliced my leg open.
In areas with heavy dust deposition, such as the southern Rocky Mountains, dust speeds up melting by one or two months. Warming air temperatures affect snow gathering, but dust builds up over time and darkens the surface. ___39___
I’m now exploring different ice and snow landscapes for further research. For example, how black-carbon buildup following forest fires affects melting. ___40___ As we move into a future that is likely to be even dustier, we need them to predict snowmelt for many reasons, including working out how to use water in the western United States efficiently.
A. The dust caused a lot of trouble.
B. I went for miles in the wilderness.
C. Doing my research is no easy task.
D. One of the goals is to develop snowmelt models.
E. In Colorado, the red dust from desert soils had also blown in.
F. As a result, the snow will absorb more sunlight and quicken melting.
G. My job is to ski in the wilderness to measure dust on top of snow each spring.
【语篇导读】本篇说明文主要介绍了雪水文学家McKenzie Skiles的研究工作及其意义。
36.【答案】G
【解析】根据上文“My name is McKenzie Skiles and I’m a snow hydrologist (水文学家) at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City.(我叫McKenzie Skiles，是盐湖城犹他大学的雪水文学家)”以及下文“Actually, the purpose is to track dust’s impact on water resources.(实际上，目的是追踪灰尘对水资源的影响)”可知，这里介绍了自己的身份和职业并指出实际上工作的目的是追踪灰尘对水资源的影响。因此，这里需要一个句子来衔接上下文，并解释自己的工作具体是什么，与G项“My job is to ski in the wilderness to measure dust on top of snow each spring.(我的工作是每年春天在野外滑雪，测量雪上的灰尘)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。
37.【答案】E
【解析】根据上文“When I skied to research sites in Utah to collect snow for my experiment, the mountainous landscapes were covered in dust.(当我滑雪到犹他州的研究地点为我的实验收集雪时，山区景观被灰尘覆盖)”以及下文“It’s clear that 2009 was one of the biggest years for dust deposition (沉积) onto snow.(很明显，2009年是雪上灰尘沉积最多的年份之一)”可知，这句话描述了在犹他州的研究地点滑雪收集雪样时，山区景观被灰尘覆盖的情景。接下来，需要找到一个句子，它既能与上句中的描述相联系，又能为下句提供背景或证据，E项“In Colorado, the red dust from desert soils had also blown in.(在科罗拉多州，沙漠土壤中的红色灰尘也被吹进来了)”表达的含义符合语境，故选E项。
38.【答案】C
【解析】根据下文“I usually have to cover several kilometers, carrying a 27-kilogramme pack with a shovel (铲子) to dig a snow hole, tools to cut snow and measure its density, and containers to collect snow for analyses.(我通常要走几公里，带着一个27公斤重的包和一把铲子挖雪洞，带着削雪和测量雪密度的工具，带着收集雪进行分析的容器)”可知，此处表达的是作者的研究工作不是一件容易的事，与C项“Doing my research is no easy task.(做我的研究绝非易事)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。
39.【答案】F
【解析】根据上文“Warming air temperatures affect snow gathering, but dust builds up over time and darkens the surface.(气温升高会影响积雪，但随着时间的推移，灰尘会堆积起来，使地表变暗)”这句话表明了两个事实：一是空气温度的升高会影响雪的积聚，二是随着时间的推移，灰尘会不断积累并使雪的表面变黑。接下来，需要找到一个合适的句子来承接这个描述，并解释灰尘使雪的表面变黑之后可能产生的后果，与F项“As a result, the snow will absorb more sunlight and quicken melting.(因此，雪会吸收更多的阳光，加速融化)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
40.【答案】D
【解析】根据上文“I’m now exploring different ice and snow landscapes for further research. For example, how black-carbon buildup following forest fires affects melting.(我现在正在探索不同的冰雪景观，以便进一步研究。例如，森林火灾后黑碳的积累如何影响融化)”以及下文“As we move into a future that is likely to be even dustier, we need them to predict snowmelt for many reasons, including working out how to use water in the western United States efficiently(随着我们进入一个可能更加尘土飞扬的未来，我们需要他们预测融雪，原因有很多，包括研究如何有效利用美国西部的水)”可知，此处表示的是作者正在探索不同的冰雪景观以进行进一步的研究，并给出了一个具体的例子，即森林火灾后黑色碳的积累如何影响融化。接下来，作者谈到了未来可能会更加多尘的环境，并强调了预测雪融化的重要性，包括如何在美国西部有效利用水资源，在这个背景下，需要找到一个句子来连接上文中关于雪融化的研究与下文中对未来环境的预测以及水资源利用的讨论，D项“One of the goals is to develop snowmelt models.(目标之一是开发融雪模型)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。
7
(2024届湖南省邵阳市高三下学期二模)Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens(避风港)of biodiversity. Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans. ___36___
___37___ Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. However, reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae(海藻)with which corals are living together to generate toxins(毒素)that force those coral to leave. This can cause a coral’s death.
Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. ___38___ Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.
Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference.
___39___ Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.
This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important. ___40___ Hard-coregreens-those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled-may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.
A. Corals are useful to people.
B. But there are grounds for optimism.
C. And they host a quarter of marine species.
D. It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.
E. Coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year.
F. This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.
G. However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.
【语篇导读】本篇说明文叙述：珊瑚礁对海洋生态系统和人类至关重要，但是珊瑚礁正受到海水温度上升的威胁，研究人员正在采用自然活动和人为干预相结合的措施进行保护。
36.【答案】C
【解析】根据前文“Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens of biodiversity.(珊瑚礁是海洋中的热带雨林。它们规模庞大，同样是生物多样性的重要避风港)”可知，此处是讲珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的重要避风港，C项“And they host a quarter of marine species.(它们是四分之一海洋物种的家园)”同样描述前文语境，切合文意，故选C。
37.【答案】A
【解析】根据后文“Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income.(如果没有珊瑚礁所提供的保护，像马尔代夫这样地势低洼的岛屿很久以前就会被洪水淹没，10亿人将失去食物和收入)”可知，此处是说明珊瑚礁的用途。A项“Corals are useful to people.(珊瑚对人类很有用)”该项提到珊瑚对于人类的用处，切合文意，起到引出后文的作用，故选A。
38.【答案】G
【解析】根据前文“Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type.(世界各地的研究小组正在制定行动计划，看看这是否会有所帮助。比如识别天然耐热珊瑚，并对这种珊瑚进行杂交，以创造一种新的珊瑚)”和后文“Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.(如果不减少碳排放，不减少对当地珊瑚造成伤害的污染，即使是有抵抗力的珊瑚也无法在本世纪存活)”可知，此处是指珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到广泛的认可，G项“However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.(然而，珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到普遍的支持)”该项提到珊瑚的进化并没有得到支持。切合文意，起到承上启下的作用，故选G。
39.【答案】B
【解析】根据后文“Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together.(碳排放目标正在制定，海洋污染正在处理。对珊瑚礁负有共同责任的国家开始共同行动)”可知，此处是指情况也有好的趋势，B项“But there are grounds for optimism.(但我们有理由感到乐观)”该项提到各国开始采取行动，说明事情在往好的方面发展。该项切合文意，起到承上启下的作用，故选B。
40.【答案】D
【解析】根据前文“This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.(这种自然活动和人类干预的混合是很重要的)”和后文“Hard-core greens—those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled—may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.(核心的绿色植物——那些认为所有的栖息地都应该不受破坏的人——可能不会同意。但是，当整个生态系统面临破坏时，什么都不做的代价太大而无法承受)”可知，此处是指珊瑚礁非常重要，可以作为其他生态系统的蓝图。D项“It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.(它可以作为其他生态系统的蓝图)”表明珊瑚对生态系统也起到很大的作用。该项切合文意，符合语境，故选D。
8
(2024届山东省德州市高考诊断性测试一模)French parenting isn’t perfect, but there’s a lot we can learn from this kind but no-nonsense style of parenting.
French children are allowed to handle difficult things themselves. ___36___ The early years are when they discover all the cool ways their new body works and how to use it. To encourage this autonomy, French parents treat children more like adults-in-training than helpless babies. They believe kids feel confident when they’re able to deal with things on their own.
Fearful of hurting feelings, American parents tend to praise every child for everything. ___37___ However, all that praise eventually turns out to be pointless. By contrast, French adults give children appropriate praise, thus allowing them to feel a true sense of achievement and take pride in what they learn.
Painful experiences are the best learning opportunities and sheltering children from this fact of life will merely delay their emotional development. French doctors never say “sorry” when giving kids shots. The French believe undergoing hurts, is part of life and that there’s no reason to apologize for that. ___38___
Plus, the expectation of eye contact and a polite hello starts from the minute French children can say hello. They know saying “hello” and good manners are non-negotiable. Teaching them about that will benefit them for a lifetime. ___39___ Be patient with little ones as they learn.
All the above feels easier said than done, especially as a tired parent facing an intolerable child. ___40___Your efforts will end up with children’s better behaviour overall.
A. They mean what they say.
B. This isn’t to say it’ll come easily.
C. It might save tears in the short term.
D. They wish children to suffer sometimes.
E. Bearing a few blow-ups is worthwhile, though.
F. Parents have to spare them such psychological discomfort.
G. “Me do it!” is little kids’ favorite phrase and for good reason.
【语篇导读】本篇说明文主要说明了法国的育儿方式。
36.【答案】G
【解析】由上文“French children are allowed to handle difficult things themselves. (法国儿童被允许自己处理困难的事情)”和下文“The early years are when they discover all the cool ways their new body works and how to use it. To encourage this autonomy, French parents treat children more like adults-in-training than helpless babies. They believe kids feel confident when they’re able to deal with things on their own. (在最初的几年里，他们发现了他们的新身体运作的所有很酷的方式以及如何使用它。为了鼓励这种自主性，法国父母对待孩子更像是在接受训练的成年人，而不是无助的婴儿。他们认为，当孩子们能够自己处理事情时，他们会感到自信)”可知，法国孩子们愿意自己处理困难的事情，故G选项““Me do it!” is little kids’ favorite phrase and for good reason. (“我做！”是小孩子们最喜欢的一句话，这是有充分理由的)”能承上启下，符合题意，故选G。
37.【答案】C
【解析】由上文“Fearful of hurting feelings, American parents tend to praise every child for everything. (由于害怕伤害孩子的感情，美国父母倾向于在任何事情上表扬每个孩子)”可知，本空要说这种表扬的后果有关的话题，故C选项“It might save tears in the short term. (这可能在短期内挽救眼泪)”能承接上文，符合题意，故选C。
38.【答案】D
【解析】由上文“Painful experiences are the best learning opportunities and sheltering children from this fact of life will merely delay their emotional development. French doctors never say “sorry” when giving kids shots. The French believe undergoing hurts, is part of life and that there’s no reason to apologize for that. (痛苦的经历是最好的学习机会，让孩子们逃避生活中的这一事实只会延迟他们的情感发展。法国医生在给孩子打针时从不说“对不起”。法国人认为，经历伤害是生活的一部分，没有理由为此道歉)”可知，痛苦的经历是最好的学习机会，经历伤害是生活的一部分，所以他们希望孩子们有时受苦，故D选项“They wish children to suffer sometimes. (他们希望孩子们有时受苦)”能承接上文，符合题意，故选D。
39.【答案】B
【解析】由上文“Plus, the expectation of eye contact and a polite hello starts from the minute French children can say hello. They know saying “hello” and good manners are non-negotiable. Teaching them about that will benefit them for a lifetime. (此外，从法国孩子会打招呼的那一刻起，他们就开始期待眼神交流和礼貌的问候。他们知道说“你好”和礼貌是不容置疑的。教会他们这些将使他们受益终生)”和下文“Be patient with little ones as they learn. (在孩子学习的过程中对他们要有耐心)”可知，教会他们这些并不容易，所以要有耐心，故B选项“This isn’t to say it’ll come easily. (这并不是说它会来得容易)”能承上启下，符合题意，故选B。
40.【答案】E
【解析】由下文“Your efforts will end up with children’s better behaviour overall. (你的努力最终会让孩子们表现得更好)”可知，这些努力是值得的，故E选项“Bearing a few blow-ups is worthwhile, though. (不过，承受几次发脾气是值得的)”能引起下文，符合题意，故选E。
9
(2024届浙江省宁波市宁波十校高三下学期二模)Do you have sweaty palms when you are sitting in the exam hall Do worrying thoughts keep you awake at night You may have experienced one of these on certain occasions. ___36___ Here are three simple “first-aid” techniques that could make a difference.
Sit at your bed
Do you jump out of bed the moment the alarm rings every morning Perhaps the next time you get up in the morning, you can try this. Slowly get up and sit at your bed for a few minutes. ___37___ The important thing is not to let any hurried thoughts clutter your mind. In these few quiet minutes to yourself, you will be able to feel refreshed.
___38___
On many occasions, we have our handphones right next to the served food, and our eyes are busy with the world within these tiny devices. Such actions seem to be the perfect recipe for an overworked brain.
Instead, take mealtime as a time to enjoy your food. Slow down and let your eyes feast on the different colors, and allow your tongue to taste the variety of flavors. ___39___ It also helps you to feel more relaxed.
Get moving
Playing sports such as basketball, soccer or simply going for a run helps reduce the body’s stress hormones and instead stimulates the production of endorphins that lift your mood. ___40___ All you have to do is to ensure you incorporate a regular routine of exercise of low to moderate intensity. This will also help you feel more energized and healthy, besides ridding you of stress and anxiety.
These are the ways you can achieve harmony with your body and mind, and feel less anxious and stressed. Give them a try. Your mind will thank you for it.
A. Eat mindfully
B. Exercise regularly
C. Let the body and mind feel the peace.
D. There is no need for you to become a gym rat.
E. It helps you to be conscious of the food you put in your mouth.
F. This, in turn, has the effect of bringing your body into a state of deep relaxation.
G. It is a sign that anxiety is creeping up on you, and your brain is nudging you for help.
【语篇导读】本篇说明文主要介绍了三种缓解焦虑的“急救”技巧。
36.【答案】G
【解析】前文“Do you have sweaty palms when you are sitting in the exam hall Do worrying thoughts keep you awake at night You may have experienced one of these on certain occasions.(当你坐在考场上时，你会手心出汗吗？担心的想法会让你晚上睡不着吗？你可能在某些场合经历过这样的事情)”陈述了一些可能产生焦虑情绪的场景，G选项“这是一个迹象，表明焦虑正在悄悄逼近你，你的大脑正在敦促你寻求帮助”总结上文，并引出下文缓解焦虑的建议，故选G。
37.【答案】C
【解析】前文“Slowly get up and sit at your bed for a few minutes.(慢慢起身，在床前坐几分钟)”为本段建议，指出闹钟响起后要先静坐一段时间，C选项“让身体和心灵感受到平静”为这样做的好处，与后文“The important thing is not to let any hurried thoughts clutter your mind.(重要的是不要让任何匆忙的想法扰乱你的头脑)”呼应，故选C。
38.【答案】A
【解析】空处为小标题。根据下文“Instead, take mealtime as a time to enjoy your food. Slow down and let your eyes feast on the different colors, and allow your tongue to taste the variety of flavors.(相反，把吃饭时间当作享受食物的时间。慢下来，让你的眼睛享受不同的颜色，让你的舌头品尝各种各样的味道)”表明此段建议用餐时应将思维关注在食物上，A选项“用心地吃”总结小段，故选A。
39.【答案】E
【解析】空前“Instead, take mealtime as a time to enjoy your food. Slow down and let your eyes feast on the different colors, and allow your tongue to taste the variety of flavors.(相反，把吃饭时间当作享受食物的时间。慢下来，让你的眼睛享受不同的颜色，让你的舌头品尝各种各样的味道)”告诉我们应该如何吃食物，空后“It also helps you to feel more relaxed.(它还能让你感觉更放松)”表明这样吃饭的另一个好处，E选项“它可以帮助你意识到你放进嘴里的食物”也为这样吃饭的好处之一，与上下文衔接自然，故选E。
40.【答案】D
【解析】空前“Playing sports such as basketball, soccer or simply going for a run helps reduce the body’s stress hormones and instead stimulates the production of endorphins that lift your mood.(打篮球、踢足球或跑步等运动有助于减少身体的压力荷尔蒙，而不是刺激内啡肽的产生，从而提升你的情绪)”表明运动的好处，空后“All you have to do is to ensure you incorporate a regular routine of exercise of low to moderate intensity.(你所要做的就是确保你有规律地进行低强度到中等强度的锻炼)”表明锻炼的强度应适中，D选项“你没有必要成为健身狂”表示应该锻炼，且对过度锻炼进行否定，引出下文，故选D。
10
(2024届浙江省金丽衢十二校高三下学期二模)Hard work has been part of every laureate’s journey towards the Nobel Prize. Many examples. Francoise Barré-Sinoussi spent time in the lab on the morning of her wedding. After Michael Brown’s first daughter was born, he went straight back to discuss the next day’s experiments. Early-career scientists often ask laureates (获奖者) about work-life balance. ___36___
Spend time with your family and friends. Many laureates stress the value of maintaining personal relationships. Doctor Brian Kobilka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. ___37___ However, despite a heavy workload, he also made time for his family. As Brian Kobilka explains, family provides essential support.
Sleep well at night. ___38___ It is therefore tempting to finish work before health-promoting activities. However, this is a trap which Oliver Smithies advises against. Not only is sleep needed to stay healthy, but your brain needs sleep to function at full capacity so you can generate ideas and solve problems.
___39___ Family, work and sleep are all important to a scientist’s success. But they don’t all have to be a constant focus. Sometimes it will be important to avoid maintaining everything at a high level. Don’t be daunted by the idea you have to do everything perfectly at once-you can have a different focus at different times.
Don’t work too hard. Ultimately, working too hard won’t be beneficial. Not only do you risk burning yourself out, but you are also restricted in your thinking. Taking time away from work can allow you to approach problems in a new way. ___40___ Laureates often point out that working long hours doesn’t always lead to efficiency.
A. My solutions may be of some help.
B. Their answers can be enlightening.
C. Focus on different aspects of your life.
D. Never hesitate to bravely rise to challenge.
E. Sleep, exercise and eating well can all conflict with working long hours.
F. He would moonlight in an emergency room as well as working in the lab.
G. Going for a walk, for example, gives you the chance to take a step back and see things differently.
【语篇导读】本篇说明文通过列举诺贝尔奖得主的关于工作与生活的观点，讲述了一些维持生活和工作平衡的方法。
36.【答案】B
【解析】上文“Hard work has been part of every laureate’s journey towards the Nobel Prize. Many examples…. Early-career scientists often ask laureates (获奖者) about work-life balance.(努力工作是每位获奖者迈向诺贝尔奖之路的一部分。……早期职业科学家经常向获奖者询问工作与生活的平衡.)”说明，获得诺贝尔奖是需要努力工作的，但是工作和生活不容易取得平衡，结合下文每段的首句可知，下文讲述了诺贝尔获奖者维持生活和工作平衡的策略，因此推断，B项“他们的回答很有启发性”符合语境，承上启下，故选B。
37.【答案】F
【解析】根据首句“Spend time with your family and friends. Many laureates stress the value of maintaining personal relationships.(花时间与家人和朋友在一起)”可知，本段建议花时间与家人和朋友在一起，结合空前一句“Doctor Brian Kobilka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.(布赖恩·科比尔卡博士被授予诺贝尔化学奖)”可知，此处举例说明与家人和朋友在一起的价值，下文“However, despite a heavy workload, he also made time for his family. (然而，尽管工作繁重，他也抽出时间陪伴家人)”说明布赖恩·科比尔卡博士也会做一些实验室外的事情，因此推断F项“除了在实验室工作外，他还会在急诊室兼职”符合语境，故选F。
38.【答案】E
【解析】根据段落首句“Sleep well at night.(晚上睡个好觉)”可知，本段建议晚上好好休息，睡个好觉，下文“However, this is a trap which Oliver Smithies advises against. Not only is sleep needed to stay healthy, but your brain needs sleep to function at full capacity so you can generate ideas and solve problems.(然而，这是奥利弗·史密斯所反对的陷阱。睡眠不仅是保持健康所必需的，而且你的大脑也需要睡眠来充分发挥功能，这样你才能产生想法并解决问题)”说明了睡眠与工作并不冲突，However表示前后文是转折关系，因此推断E项“睡眠、锻炼和饮食都可能与长时间工作相冲突”符合语境，故选E。
39.【答案】C
【解析】 空处为段落标题。根据下文“Family, work and sleep are all important to a scientist’s success. But they don’t all have to be a constant focus. Sometimes it will be important to avoid maintaining everything at a high level. Don’t be daunted by the idea you have to do everything perfectly at once-you can have a different focus at different times.(家庭、工作和睡眠对科学家的成功都很重要。但它们不需要一直关注。有时候，避免将所有内容都维持在高级别上是很重要的。不要被你必须一次把每件事都做得完美的想法吓倒——你可以在不同的时间有不同的关注点)”可知，家庭，工作和睡眠都重要，不需要一直关注所有的内容，也不必把每件事都做得完美，可以在不同的时间有不同的关注点，因此推断C项“关注生活的不同方面”为最佳标题，概况本段主旨，故选C。
40.【答案】G
【解析】上文“Taking time away from work can allow you to approach problems in a new way.(从工作中抽出时间可以让你以一种新的方式处理问题)”说明可以从工作中抽出一些时间放松，下文“Laureates often point out that working long hours doesn’t always lead to efficiency.(诺贝尔奖得主经常指出，长时间工作并不总是带来效率)”说明诺贝尔奖得主的观点，长时间工作效率不高，因此推断G项“例如，去散步，给你一个退一步看不同事物的机会”符合语境，故选G。
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02-2 说明文阅读理解七选五专题练-2024年新高考英语题型突破
1
(2024届安徽省安庆市高三下学期二模)
How to Make Your Clothes Last Longer
We have to throw out some clothes that we love just because we’ve not taken good care of them. Four top tips can help you make your clothes last longer. ___36___
●Reduce the times you wash your clothes. Washing your clothes less doesn’t mean wearing the same T-shirt tor a week. You can wear clothes like jeans and jumpers at least three times before washing. The exception, of course, is clothes worn for the gym. Besides, if you don’t wear clothes next to your skin, air them after wearing. ___37___ If they seem fine, you can wear them another day.
●Wash, our clothes inside out. ___38___ As the machine spins (旋转) the clothes around, they must each other. Turning your clothes inside out reduces wear on the outside surface of your clothes: This can help keep them from damage.
●Air your clothes dry if possible. Drying your clothes on a line is good for both your clothes and he environment. ___39___ When possible, just use the dryer at a low temperature.
●___40___ Rather than throw something out because of a small hole or tear. Knowing how to use a needle and thread (线) and a few basic repairing techniques can be friendly to your clothes and your pocket. If the work is beyond your skills, you can find repair places nearby your houses.
A. Hang your jumpers on the clothes line.
B. Fixing your clothes is a wise alternative.
C. Use an app to find places for clothes repair.
D. Simply check your clothes for any spots or marks.
E. Your clothes are usually beaten hard during the wash.
F. In the meantime, it can also reduce the expense of the electricity.
G. They can also help save both your money and our environment definitely.
2
(2024届福建省泉州市高中毕业班下学期质量监测三)Napping during the day is an ancient custom that is
practiced worldwide. Short naps, which last from 20 to 30 minutes at the right time, can benefit vitality and overall health in countless ways.
Short naps can boost mental functioning and memory, as well as improve vitality, attention and reaction time. ___36___ Because napping seems to improve creative thinking, some companies have attempted to introduce napping rooms.
What’s more, it appears the brain uses nap time to process information gathered throughout the day. ___37___ A study revealed that short naps also helped people become more confident and sensible, which resulted in better focus and efficiency at work. Napping may also lead to an improved ability to learn new skills, such as a golf swing. This is because these memories or skills are strengthened in the brain during sleep.
___38___ Studies show that more consistent sleep will help lower “fight or flight” chemicals in our bodies. As a result, our blood pressure and heart rates are normalized. Napping appears to help this process for some people.
___39___ One condition associated with napping longer than 30 minutes is sleep inertia (睡后迟钝). This can harm cognitive function from several minutes up to half an hour. Long or late afternoon naps can lead to difficulties falling asleep during the night. ___40___
So, to maximize benefits while reducing risks, please keep naps short in the early afternoon to avoid sleep inertia and nighttime sleep disruptions.
A. But napping can come with drawbacks as well.
B. The reason for this phenomenon is mostly unknown.
C. Therefore, that appears to enhance problem-solving abilities.
D. Short naps are also linked to increased productivity and creativity.
E. Napping can also be associated with a reduced risk of heart diseases.
F. Napping should not serve as an alternative for enough nighttime rest.
G. Besides, for those aged 60 and up, longer naps may increase the risk for heart diseases.
3
(2024届河北省保定市保定部分高中一模)Everyone feels a little jealous (嫉妒的) once in a while. But when these feelings of jealousy begin to cause you stress, it’s probably time to start looking for ways to get rid of your jealousy. The techniques below can help you reflect on your jealousy and move on from any frustration in a healthy way.
●Acknowledge your feelings of jealousy.
When you notice feelings of jealousy starting to creep in (悄然出现), take a few minutes to check in with yourself. Ask yourself “Am I jealous right now ” It’s perfectly normal to get jealous once in a while, so don’t be too hard on yourself. ___36___
●Find the root of your jealousy.
___37___ Once you admit that you’re struggling with jealousy, it’s time to start looking into why you’re feeling that way. For example, low self-respect is often a cause of jealousy. Other possible causes include：past terrible experiences or mental health disorders.
●Talk about it with other people.
If you have a lot of frustration caused by jealousy, don’t just keep it to yourself. Take time to sit down with your family member to tell them what’s going on. If you don’t want to talk to anyone, here are some other suggestions for how to cope: ___38___ You can also write down your thoughts and feelings in a journal.
●Focus on your positive qualities.
Find your own unique strengths to defeat feelings of jealousy. Jealousy is often rooted in feelings of insecurity and low self-esteem. ___39___ When you start feeling those tell-tale signs of jealousy, remind yourself of all the things that make you amazing.
●Limit your time on social media.
Social media tends to only show the “perfect” parts of someone’s life. If you struggle with jealousy, you can be tempted (诱惑) to look through other people’s profiles to look for faults. ___40___ To stop any jealous feelings from forming, log off for a while and do something more productive instead.
A. Take exercise to burn off the stress.
B. But most of the time those desires will just feed your jealousy.
C. Occasionally there are deeper underlying issues that fuel jealousy.
D. However, it’s vital to remember that you have a lot of special talents.
E. Instead of envying someone with a lot of money, make your dollars count.
F. Constantly setting yourself up against others can just make your jealousy worse.
G. But sometimes just naming your emotions can help you gain control over them.
4
(2024届河北省沧州市泊头市高三年级八县联考一模)Even the most positive people have negative thoughts. It’s part of being human. But when negative thoughts become the norm, it isn’t healthy. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to change your negative thoughts into realistic thinking—seeing yourself, your relationships and world events as they really are.
Monitor your self-talk. We all have an ongoing dialogue running in our head, which affects how we view our life. ___36___ So, to promote realistic thinking, first you need to find out and listen to that inner voice. Being aware of those inner comments starts to help you take control of them.
___37___ Not every negative thought is “bad”. For example, “I feel stressed and upset about my job because there are so many new things I am learning, but overtime I’ll learn and it’ll get easier.” has a negative aspect, but it promotes a positive action. Therefore, it’s important to make the distinction between helpful thoughts and negative ones.
Challenge your unhelpful thoughts. ___38___ Continuing with the work example, do you really hate your job or are you just anxious about the new project that you’ve been assigned
___39___ Now that you’re clear which thought is not helpful, you can replace it with one that is. Using the example from above, a more positive thought might be, “Once I get started on the new project I’m sure I'll do fine. It’s just the anticipation that I don’t like.”
Repeat. Realistic thinking doesn’t come easy, especially when you are also working on managing anxiety, depression, and other problems. ___40___
A. Identify thoughts that aren’t helpful.
B. Plant positive thoughts in your mind.
C. Analyse what self-talk is the most beneficial.
D. But because it’s constantly running, we often forget it’s there.
E. These thoughts can consume your energy or cause physical problems.
F. To be more realistic, you need to question whether your thoughts are factual.
G. You need to continually return to it even when it feels natural to become negative.
5
(2024届河北省邯郸市高三下学期第三次调研)Camping isn’t the same without a fire and in fact, many campsites even allow the use of one as long as you remain responsible and eco-friendly. As daylight disappears, there’s nothing quite like a campfire to see you through the evening and into the night.
Remember, campfires can be fun as long as you put some common sense into your practice. ___36___ If you’re a first-timer to the whole campfire scene, or simply want to know how to get your fire blazing in no time at all, we’ve got some great tips to help you.
Choose the right location. With any campfire it’s important to select a location that’s safe. Preferably you’d keep away from areas with overhanging branches and dry undergrowth. ___37___
Use dry wood. If your wood logs are wet or damp, you’ll really struggle to get any fire going. Therefore, store the wood in a dry place and keep your matches tucked away in a Ziploc bag.
Build up from small beginnings. ___38___ You’ll need to start small and get the blaze going with firelighters, kindling or newspapers. Only then can you start to apply larger wood logs.
___39___ Don’t add the larger logs on too quickly, as this can stifle (抑制) the fire and see your efforts wasted at the first hurdle.
Remember to put the fire out. After you sat around the campfire, enjoying great conversation and some light-hearted games, you’ll need to put the fire out. ___40___ Instead, let the fire die down and pour water or shovel earth on as required.
A. Avoid rushing the process.
B. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.
C. A great campfire takes time and patience.
D. Never go to bed believing a smoking fire safe.
E. You might come across a variety of problems.
F. Also make sure not to build your fire too near any tents.
G. Camping is a fantastic experience for people of all ages.
6
(2024届湖北省七市州教科研协作体高三下学期二模)My name is McKenzie Skiles and I’m a snow hydrologist (水文学家) at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City. ___36___ Actually, the purpose is to track dust’s impact on water resources.
I am most interested in the impact of warming temperatures on snow melting rates, and I have started studying snowmelt since 2009 in Utah and Colorado. When I skied to research sites in Utah to collect snow for my experiment, the mountainous landscapes were covered in dust. ___37___ It’s clear that 2009 was one of the biggest years for dust deposition (沉积) onto snow.
___38___ I usually have to cover several kilometers, carrying a 27-kilogramme pack with a shovel (铲子) to dig a snow hole, tools to cut snow and measure its density, and containers to collect snow for analyses. One year, I hit a dusty area of snow, broke my ski and sliced my leg open.
In areas with heavy dust deposition, such as the southern Rocky Mountains, dust speeds up melting by one or two months. Warming air temperatures affect snow gathering, but dust builds up over time and darkens the surface. ___39___
I’m now exploring different ice and snow landscapes for further research. For example, how black-carbon buildup following forest fires affects melting. ___40___ As we move into a future that is likely to be even dustier, we need them to predict snowmelt for many reasons, including working out how to use water in the western United States efficiently.
A. The dust caused a lot of trouble.
B. I went for miles in the wilderness.
C. Doing my research is no easy task.
D. One of the goals is to develop snowmelt models.
E. In Colorado, the red dust from desert soils had also blown in.
F. As a result, the snow will absorb more sunlight and quicken melting.
G. My job is to ski in the wilderness to measure dust on top of snow each spring.
7
(2024届湖南省邵阳市高三下学期二模)Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens(避风港)of biodiversity. Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans. ___36___
___37___ Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. However, reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae(海藻)with which corals are living together to generate toxins(毒素)that force those coral to leave. This can cause a coral’s death.
Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. ___38___ Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.
Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference.
___39___ Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.
This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important. ___40___ Hard-coregreens-those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled-may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.
A. Corals are useful to people.
B. But there are grounds for optimism.
C. And they host a quarter of marine species.
D. It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.
E. Coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year.
F. This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.
G. However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.
8
(2024届山东省德州市高考诊断性测试一模)French parenting isn’t perfect, but there’s a lot we can learn from this kind but no-nonsense style of parenting.
French children are allowed to handle difficult things themselves. ___36___ The early years are when they discover all the cool ways their new body works and how to use it. To encourage this autonomy, French parents treat children more like adults-in-training than helpless babies. They believe kids feel confident when they’re able to deal with things on their own.
Fearful of hurting feelings, American parents tend to praise every child for everything. ___37___ However, all that praise eventually turns out to be pointless. By contrast, French adults give children appropriate praise, thus allowing them to feel a true sense of achievement and take pride in what they learn.
Painful experiences are the best learning opportunities and sheltering children from this fact of life will merely delay their emotional development. French doctors never say “sorry” when giving kids shots. The French believe undergoing hurts, is part of life and that there’s no reason to apologize for that. ___38___
Plus, the expectation of eye contact and a polite hello starts from the minute French children can say hello. They know saying “hello” and good manners are non-negotiable. Teaching them about that will benefit them for a lifetime. ___39___ Be patient with little ones as they learn.
All the above feels easier said than done, especially as a tired parent facing an intolerable child. ___40___Your efforts will end up with children’s better behaviour overall.
A. They mean what they say.
B. This isn’t to say it’ll come easily.
C. It might save tears in the short term.
D. They wish children to suffer sometimes.
E. Bearing a few blow-ups is worthwhile, though.
F. Parents have to spare them such psychological discomfort.
G. “Me do it!” is little kids’ favorite phrase and for good reason.
9
(2024届浙江省宁波市宁波十校高三下学期二模)Do you have sweaty palms when you are sitting in the exam hall Do worrying thoughts keep you awake at night You may have experienced one of these on certain occasions. ___36___ Here are three simple “first-aid” techniques that could make a difference.
Sit at your bed
Do you jump out of bed the moment the alarm rings every morning Perhaps the next time you get up in the morning, you can try this. Slowly get up and sit at your bed for a few minutes. ___37___ The important thing is not to let any hurried thoughts clutter your mind. In these few quiet minutes to yourself, you will be able to feel refreshed.
___38___
On many occasions, we have our handphones right next to the served food, and our eyes are busy with the world within these tiny devices. Such actions seem to be the perfect recipe for an overworked brain.
Instead, take mealtime as a time to enjoy your food. Slow down and let your eyes feast on the different colors, and allow your tongue to taste the variety of flavors. ___39___ It also helps you to feel more relaxed.
Get moving
Playing sports such as basketball, soccer or simply going for a run helps reduce the body’s stress hormones and instead stimulates the production of endorphins that lift your mood. ___40___ All you have to do is to ensure you incorporate a regular routine of exercise of low to moderate intensity. This will also help you feel more energized and healthy, besides ridding you of stress and anxiety.
These are the ways you can achieve harmony with your body and mind, and feel less anxious and stressed. Give them a try. Your mind will thank you for it.
A. Eat mindfully
B. Exercise regularly
C. Let the body and mind feel the peace.
D. There is no need for you to become a gym rat.
E. It helps you to be conscious of the food you put in your mouth.
F. This, in turn, has the effect of bringing your body into a state of deep relaxation.
G. It is a sign that anxiety is creeping up on you, and your brain is nudging you for help.
10
(2024届浙江省金丽衢十二校高三下学期二模)Hard work has been part of every laureate’s journey towards the Nobel Prize. Many examples. Francoise Barré-Sinoussi spent time in the lab on the morning of her wedding. After Michael Brown’s first daughter was born, he went straight back to discuss the next day’s experiments. Early-career scientists often ask laureates (获奖者) about work-life balance. ___36___
Spend time with your family and friends. Many laureates stress the value of maintaining personal relationships. Doctor Brian Kobilka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. ___37___ However, despite a heavy workload, he also made time for his family. As Brian Kobilka explains, family provides essential support.
Sleep well at night. ___38___ It is therefore tempting to finish work before health-promoting activities. However, this is a trap which Oliver Smithies advises against. Not only is sleep needed to stay healthy, but your brain needs sleep to function at full capacity so you can generate ideas and solve problems.
___39___ Family, work and sleep are all important to a scientist’s success. But they don’t all have to be a constant focus. Sometimes it will be important to avoid maintaining everything at a high level. Don’t be daunted by the idea you have to do everything perfectly at once-you can have a different focus at different times.
Don’t work too hard. Ultimately, working too hard won’t be beneficial. Not only do you risk burning yourself out, but you are also restricted in your thinking. Taking time away from work can allow you to approach problems in a new way. ___40___ Laureates often point out that working long hours doesn’t always lead to efficiency.
A. My solutions may be of some help.
B. Their answers can be enlightening.
C. Focus on different aspects of your life.
D. Never hesitate to bravely rise to challenge.
E. Sleep, exercise and eating well can all conflict with working long hours.
F. He would moonlight in an emergency room as well as working in the lab.
G. Going for a walk, for example, gives you the chance to take a step back and see things differently.
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