中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
02 阅读理解七选五解题指导-2024年新高考英语题型突破
高考英语阅读理解七选五所选体裁主要有记叙文和说明文两种，其所选阅读语篇总离不开“人与自我、人与社会和人与自然”等三大话题主题语境，涉及包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多个领域的内容。
年份 卷别 体裁 题材 段首设空 段中设空 段尾设空
2023 新高考I卷 说明文 自我宽恕和增强自信 0 4 1
新高考II卷 说明文 如何开始艺术之旅 1 3 1
2022 新高考I卷 说明文 如何寻找健身的伙伴 0 4 1
新高考II卷 说明文 写文章的技巧 1 4 0
2021 新高考I卷 记叙文 体验巴黎当地的生活 1 4 0
新高考II卷 说明文 提高阅读速度的建议 1 2 2
从三年新高考I卷和II卷阅读七选五命题所选的体裁来看，说明文占绝对多数，记叙文仅有一篇；从其设空的位置(段首空为4空、段中空为21空、段尾空为5空)来看，命题人特别注重的还是对段中空的设置。一般来说，段中空越多，难度就越大。因为解段中空，需要考生瞻前顾后。新高考I卷段中设空三年都保持在4空，这说明新高考I卷阅读七选五难度保持相对稳定。
首先解决如何“读”的问题：读全文，读选项。是先读文章，还是先读选项，要看考生平时养成的习惯而定。跳过空格读全文时，考生主要关注的是文章的主题、基本框架结构以及说明/叙述(描写)/论证的方法；读选项，主要是做到或是圈出关键词语或是理解选项的具体意思。其次解决如何“定考向与具体解”的问题。
一、段首设空的考向与解题
考向：
段落标题句(其特点非常明显：位于文章的首位或是段与段之间，呈现形式为单独成行或成段)；
段落主题句(设空在首段段首处时，有可能考查的是通篇主题句)；
段落过渡句(承上启下句或导入句：能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来)。
解题：
一般来说，段首空所要填的内容为段首主题句或段落小标题，是对本段内容的概括总结。 通过“段
落关键词语”定标题，“段落逻辑性内容”定主题；着重阅读后文首句和尾句，锁定线索信号词，
在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案与空格后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的。再结合后文
内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的信息词。最终推断出主题句。
二、段中设空的考向与解题
考向：
上下文关联句：段落语篇结构、行文逻辑关系(并列或递进、转折或让步、因果、解释例证等，多以标志词来体现句子之间的联系)、上下文之间的词汇复现或代词指代(多以与原文相同、相近或相反的词汇复现的形式保证文章前后衔接)。
解题：
分析设空前后内容，找到关键信息、浏笕选项信息，找到与空格处上下句有关联的信息；依据相
关信息判断并列、转折、让步、 困果、递迸、例证、解释等逻辑关系寻找空格前后相关信息；找
到关键词，利用词汇复现(同源、同义、近义、相关、反义等词汇)分析选项中词汇与空格前后句关
键词。
【真题考例1】(引用原题号，以下同)
(2022·全国甲卷节选)
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
...
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___37___.
…
Making Requests
___39___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
37.【答案】F
【解析】根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. (当你在吃东西的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them (不要把它们竖着插在食物上，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”和上句中的them都是指代段首句的“chopsticks”。故选F。
39.【答案】G
【解析】根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，段首句要讲的是用餐时提请求的问题。G项“It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”与段落小标题是关键词的复现，根据下文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。下文中的this和it都是代指G项中的to ask for salt and pepper at a meal。故选G。
【真题考例2】
(2021·新课标II卷节选) And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence If you’re
faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment(赞扬). ___40___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here ”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
40.【答案】G
【解析】根据上文“If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再次交谈的方法就是赞美主人)”可知，此处指出赞美主人可以缓解尴尬的沉默，设空处承上启下，下文“This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.(这蛋糕特别好吃，你得告诉我它的一切)”对主人进行了赞美。由此可知，宴会上出现尴尬的沉默时，最尴尬的就是主人，所以需要赞美主人来缓解尴尬。G项“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most(他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬的人)”中的“awkwardness”与上文中的“awkward”相对应，故选G项。
【真题考例3】
(2015·新课标I卷节选)___39___ If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.
A.Learn to really trust yourself.
B.It is putting confidence in someone.
C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E.They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G.Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
39.【答案】C
【解析】要求选段落主题句。本段结构：总(总领)—分(细说)。空后句三次出现victim一词，七个选项中只有选项C中有victim，原词复现。根据后文If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.可知，如果你被背叛了，那么你是一个受害者。然而是受害者与以受害者的心态活着是有区别的。所以此段主要在说不要认为自己是受害者，C项：Stop regarding yourself as the victim.(别把自己当成受害者)符合文意，故选C。
【真题考例4】
(2014·新课标I卷节选)Your children need to be deeply curious. ___37___ Ask kids, “What
ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time ” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better What could we try next time
A. Encourage kids to cook with you.
B. And we can’t forget science education.
C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.
D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist
E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.
F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.
G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.
37.【答案】A
【解析】与空后句中的ingredients(配料)，pancakes(薄煎饼)可能同时出现的，只有选项A中的cook。
根据Ask kids, “What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time” and then try them out.可知，下文叙述的是做煎饼时添加什么配料会更好，所以上句应该鼓励孩子和你一起做饭。A项：Encourage kids to cook with you.(鼓励孩子们和你一起做饭)符合语境，故选A。
【真题考例5】
(2012·新课标卷节选)Try to solve the problem. After you’re calm and you have support from adults
and friends, it’s time to get down to business. ___74___ Even if you can’t solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.
A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.
B. Notice your friends’ feelings and find a way to help them.
C. Different people feel stress in different ways.
D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.
E. You need to figure out what the problem is.
F. And don’t forget about your friends.
G. Then, find a way to calm down.
74.【答案】E
【解析】本段主题句是“Try to solve the problem”，空后句又有solve it，其中it指什么？当然是the problem，因此，前句中一定会出现problem一词，七个选项中只有E项符合。
友情提醒：警惕虚假复现，请看以下例子：
(2015·新课标I卷节选)___38___ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
B. It is putting confidence in someone.
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
38.【答案】A
【解析】要求选段落主题句。不要因为选项B与空后句中都有confidence，原词复现就选B，也不要因为选项C中与空后句中都有yourself，原词复现就选C。选项A中的trust yourself与空格后的Having confidence in yourself(信任你自己)才是同义复现，所以该选项是重点考虑对象；将选项A代入原文，上下句意为“学会真正地信任你自己。信任你自己有助于你做出更好的选择……”语义衔接紧密，故选A。
三、段尾设空的考向与解题
考向：
首段段尾设空考查承上启下句，引出全文要谈的几个方面或段落及全文主题句；
段落段尾设空考查段落主题句/总结句(对本段内容进行概括和总结，常含有总结性的标志词，往往
与段落开头呼应)；承上启下句(对本段内容进行总结概括，并引出下文话题，能够将该段和下段的
内容连接起来。常常与空前或空后内容形成某种内在的逻辑关系)；
全篇段尾设空考查全文的总结句(往往与文章开头呼应)。
解题：
结合本段主题句来判断概括和总结的内容；抓住主旨，从一些标志性词语上来突破；前瞻后顾找
提示，即阅读空格前句，并结合下一段或几段内容，看所选的答案是否能将上下文内容连接起来；
承上启下句留意衔接词和关键词。
解题方法概括起来就是：在读全文、读选项的基础上，一看设空位置定考向；二看关键词汇巧匹配；三看逻辑关系求衔接。
1
(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err(犯错)is human. ___36___ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ___37___ Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ___38___
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ___39___ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché(陈词滥调)that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ___40___ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【读全文，抓主旨】本篇说明文鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
【读选项，解其意】A. 一点点的自我原谅也会大有帮助。
B. 现在列出所有你喜欢自己的特点。
C. 他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。
D. 宽恕自己也同样重要。
E. 这并不意味着你要忽略发生过的事情或者忘记它。
F. 不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。
G. 不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。
【定考向，定答案】
36.【答案】D
【解析】段中设空，起承上启下的作用。根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err(犯错)is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用，故选D。
37.【答案】B
【解析】段中设空，起承上启下的作用。根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)”以及空后内容“Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点，故选B。
38.【答案】F
【解析】段尾设空，内容往往要么是承上而来，要么是对这一段的总结。根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来，对上文列出善举这一做法进行总结，故选F。
39.【答案】C
【解析】段中设空，起承上启下的作用。根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致，故选C。
40.【答案】G
【解析】段中设空，起承上启下的作用。根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché(陈词滥调)that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长，G 项中的 fixed 与下一句中的changing 形成对比，故选G。
2
(2022·新课标I卷)
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “ ___36___ ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙)competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___37___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___38___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___39___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___40___ Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core(核心)of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【读全文，抓主旨】本文为说明文，总分总结构。本文介绍了有健身搭档的益处和如何找到一个好的健身搭档。段落首段多起到引入话题和引起下文的作用；段落首句多为段落的主题句。尽可能多的记住文章的主要信息：本文第一段引入话题，是有关有健身伙伴的益处，第二段利用一个问句引起下文，第三段的首句是主题句，是有关决定你想从你的搭档身上得到什么。第四，五段是有关在哪里，用什么方式寻找健身搭档，最后一段是文章的总结，是有关你和你的搭档都有着不同的技能，会起到互相帮助的作用。
【读选项，划关键】A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport (问号很关键)
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice (问号很关键)
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
(其中such指代前文提到的内容，很关键)
【定考向，定答案】
36.【答案】C
【解析】段中设空，起承上启下的作用。根据文中“one…another(一个……另一个)”判断前后肯定有关联，而且后面都为直接引语，句式结构可能相同或相似。根据上句“You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,(如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼)”我们会发现C选项句子结构、主语“you”都与之匹配。再结合后文“With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle competition.(有一个锻炼伙伴，你将会努力训练，因为你们之间有一个微妙的竞争)”进行验证，可知，空格处应该陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。选项C中的“train with someone else”与后文的“With a workout partner”相对应，选项C“You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力)”符合语义，故选C项。
37.【答案】D
【解析】段中设空，起承上启下的作用。or为并列连词，说明前后为并列关系，在语义上构成选择关系；or后是一般疑问句，那本空空有很大可能也是一般疑问句(如果考生不愿细致考虑，就可以秒杀答案)。根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person.(首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility (或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的，故空处与后文是选择关系，你要知道你锻炼是为了什么。所以选项D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗)”与后文在语义上构成选择关系，故选D项。
38.【答案】B
【解析】段中设空，起承上启下的作用。根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response.(你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。选项B中的“live close by”与后文的“belong to the same gym”相对应，故选B项。
39.【答案】G
【解析】本空处于段落的末尾，可能起总结全段内容或承接上文的作用。根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number.(我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选项G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information.(任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息)”(其中such指代前文提到的内容)是对上文内容的总结，故选G项。
40.【答案】F
【解析】段中设空，起承上启下的作用。根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills.(你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能)”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core(核心)of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other. (久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。你们关系的核心是你们永远在一起互相帮助)”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。选项F中的“differences”对应前文的“different skills”，选项中的“work with each other”对应后文的“be there to help each other”，故选项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作)”起到承上启下的作用，故选F项。
3
(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. ___36___ So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing(水管)
worked. ___37___ Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. ___38___ French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
___39___ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.
You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. ___40___ When do these people work The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【读全文，抓主旨】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者夫妇在巴黎租房生活的一段经历。首先，作者介绍了们所住的房子；其次，说明了巴黎人生活非常精致的原因；最后，说明法国人对待生活的态度，相较于工作效率他们更看重生活品质。
【读选项，划关键】A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【定考向，定答案】
36.【答案】F
【解析】段中设空，起承上启下的作用。上文“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.(我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周)”说明了背景；下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一套位于六楼的极为昂贵的公寓，大小跟一个橱柜差不多)”，该句的关键词是 so(所以)，它表明so后面内容是表示一种“结果”，根据一般的因果搭配关系可知，它前面的空格处应填一个表示原因的句子，由于英语在习惯上不说Because…so…，所以考生不可能在选项中找到一个由because 开头的句子来与后面的so引导得句子相匹配，考生要找的是一个虽然没有出现because，但确实可以表示原因，且能与后面的so…构成“因果”关系的句子。比较几个选项，只有F项“Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.”(<因为>我们的目的是要看看我们是否可以在某种程度上像真正的巴黎人一样生活)跟下文能够构成因果关系，故选F。
37.【答案】C
【解析】段中设空，起承上启下的作用。上文“The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though.(不过，这个地方并不是地道的法国住房)”是段落的中心句，说明第二段主要内容是讲解公寓的情况。下文提到了楼宇和电梯的情况。C项“There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.(有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床)”提到了厨房和床，这些都属于公寓的配置，故选C项。
38.【答案】G
【解析】段中设空，起承上启下的作用。本段主要讲巴黎人的饮食情况。请注意空格前面一句They eat great food and never gain weight(他们吃得很好，而且从不发胖)以及后面一句French strawberries do not taste like cardboard(法国草莓吃起来并非味同嚼蜡)。由此可见，空格前后谈的均是吃的东西。比较所给选项，其中与食物相关的只有 D 和 G。但选项D的意思The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers(美味的食物主要由当地农民食用)与上文内容不符，所以只能选G。选项 G 的意思：食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能让你很快乐。
39.【答案】E
【解析】在七选五阅读的设题中，如果所填句子出现在段首，大概率是下面这两种可能：段落主题句和段落之间的过渡句或兼而有之。第三段主要描述了作者夫妻去了采购了食物，买了草莓。下文“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!(我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。但它们要18美元!)”说明法国的水果好吃但是也很贵。选项E“That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.(这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因)”承接了上一段关于法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题，同时引起下文，给出了法国人吃得少的另一个原因是“物价贵”，故选E项。
40.【答案】A
【解析】段中设空，起承上启下的作用。根据空格处后的“When do these people”得知，these people肯定是指前面提过的人，那么空格处要填入关于人的句子，再根据空格处前面的“French cafes are always crowded”，可知这里提到的应该是在咖啡店里的人，因此A项“这些顾客并非全都是游客”符合 题意。
考生如果是按照题目序号逐条往下做的话，那么本空就是最后一题了，这样考生还可以用排除法来解题。在七个选项中，前面已选了四个，现在还剩三个：
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
看空格后面一句：When do these people work (这些人什么时候工作呢？)，这里的 these people 显然是指上句提到的人，而在所剩的三个选项中，只有A涉及到“人”。现在把空格所填的A与它前面和后面的句子连起来读一下：French cafés are always crowded. Not all the customers are tourists. When do these people work ——非常通顺，意思是：法国咖啡馆总是人满为患。并非所有的顾客都是游客。这些人什么时候上班呢？
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02 阅读理解七选五解题指导-2024年新高考英语题型突破
高考英语阅读理解七选五所选体裁主要有记叙文和说明文两种，其所选阅读语篇总离不开“人与自我、人与社会和人与自然”等三大话题主题语境，涉及包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多个领域的内容。
年份 卷别 体裁 题材 段首设空 段中设空 段尾设空
2023 新高考I卷 说明文 自我宽恕和增强自信 0 4 1
新高考II卷 说明文 如何开始艺术之旅 1 3 1
2022 新高考I卷 说明文 如何寻找健身的伙伴 0 4 1
新高考II卷 说明文 写文章的技巧 1 4 0
2021 新高考I卷 记叙文 体验巴黎当地的生活 1 4 0
新高考II卷 说明文 提高阅读速度的建议 1 2 2
从三年新高考I卷和II卷阅读七选五命题所选的体裁来看，说明文占绝对多数，记叙文仅有一篇；从其设空的位置(段首空为4空、段中空为21空、段尾空为5空)来看，命题人特别注重的还是对段中空的设置。一般来说，段中空越多，难度就越大。因为解段中空，需要考生瞻前顾后。新高考I卷段中设空三年都保持在4空，这说明新高考I卷阅读七选五难度保持相对稳定。
首先解决如何“读”的问题：读全文，读选项。是先读文章，还是先读选项，要看考生平时养成的习惯而定。跳过空格读全文时，考生主要关注的是文章的主题、基本框架结构以及说明/叙述(描写)/论证的方法；读选项，主要是做到或是圈出关键词语或是理解选项的具体意思。其次解决如何“定考向与具体解”的问题。
一、段首设空的考向与解题
考向：
段落标题句(其特点非常明显：位于文章的首位或是段与段之间，呈现形式为单独成行或成段)；
段落主题句(设空在首段段首处时，有可能考查的是通篇主题句)；
段落过渡句(承上启下句或导入句：能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来)。
解题：
一般来说，段首空所要填的内容为段首主题句或段落小标题，是对本段内容的概括总结。 通过“段
落关键词语”定标题，“段落逻辑性内容”定主题；着重阅读后文首句和尾句，锁定线索信号词，
在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案与空格后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的。再结合后文
内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的信息词。最终推断出主题句。
二、段中设空的考向与解题
考向：
上下文关联句：段落语篇结构、行文逻辑关系(并列或递进、转折或让步、因果、解释例证等，多以标志词来体现句子之间的联系)、上下文之间的词汇复现或代词指代(多以与原文相同、相近或相反的词汇复现的形式保证文章前后衔接)。
解题：
分析设空前后内容，找到关键信息、浏笕选项信息，找到与空格处上下句有关联的信息；依据相
关信息判断并列、转折、让步、 困果、递迸、例证、解释等逻辑关系寻找空格前后相关信息；找
到关键词，利用词汇复现(同源、同义、近义、相关、反义等词汇)分析选项中词汇与空格前后句关
键词。
【真题考例1】(引用原题号，以下同)
(2022·全国甲卷节选)
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
...
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___37___.
…
Making Requests
___39___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【真题考例2】
(2021·新课标II卷节选) And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence If you’re
faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment(赞扬). ___40___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here ”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【真题考例3】
(2015·新课标I卷节选)___39___ If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.
A.Learn to really trust yourself.
B.It is putting confidence in someone.
C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E.They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G.Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
【真题考例4】
(2014·新课标I卷节选)Your children need to be deeply curious. ___37___ Ask kids, “What
ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time ” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better What could we try next time
A. Encourage kids to cook with you.
B. And we can’t forget science education.
C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.
D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist
E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.
F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.
G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.
【真题考例5】
(2012·新课标卷节选)Try to solve the problem. After you’re calm and you have support from adults
and friends, it’s time to get down to business. ___74___ Even if you can’t solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.
A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.
B. Notice your friends’ feelings and find a way to help them.
C. Different people feel stress in different ways.
D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.
E. You need to figure out what the problem is.
F. And don’t forget about your friends.
G. Then, find a way to calm down.
友情提醒：警惕虚假复现，请看以下例子：
(2015·新课标I卷节选)___38___ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
B. It is putting confidence in someone.
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
三、段尾设空的考向与解题
考向：
首段段尾设空考查承上启下句，引出全文要谈的几个方面或段落及全文主题句；
段落段尾设空考查段落主题句/总结句(对本段内容进行概括和总结，常含有总结性的标志词，往往
与段落开头呼应)；承上启下句(对本段内容进行总结概括，并引出下文话题，能够将该段和下段的
内容连接起来。常常与空前或空后内容形成某种内在的逻辑关系)；
全篇段尾设空考查全文的总结句(往往与文章开头呼应)。
解题：
结合本段主题句来判断概括和总结的内容；抓住主旨，从一些标志性词语上来突破；前瞻后顾找
提示，即阅读空格前句，并结合下一段或几段内容，看所选的答案是否能将上下文内容连接起来；
承上启下句留意衔接词和关键词。
解题方法概括起来就是：在读全文、读选项的基础上，一看设空位置定考向；二看关键词汇巧匹配；三看逻辑关系求衔接。
1
(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err(犯错)is human. ___36___ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ___37___ Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ___38___
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ___39___ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché(陈词滥调)that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ___40___ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
2
(2022·新课标I卷)
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “ ___36___ ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙)competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___37___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___38___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___39___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___40___ Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core(核心)of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
3
(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. ___36___ So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing(水管)
worked. ___37___ Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. ___38___ French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
___39___ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.
You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. ___40___ When do these people work The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
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