考题猜想10 阅读理解之议论文
名校期中真题
（22-23高一下·辽宁沈阳·期中）In the coming era of budget cuts to education, remote learning could become a common thing.
The appeal to those in charge of education budgets to trade teachers for technology is so strong that they tend to ignore the disadvantages of remote learning. School facilities are expensive to build and maintain, and teachers are expensive to employ. It’s true that online classes do not require buildings and each class can host hundreds of people, which can result in greater savings, but moving away from a traditional classroom in which a living, breathing human being teaches and interacts with students daily would be a disaster.
Physically attending school has hidden benefits: interacting with peers and communicating with teachers are important skills to cultivate（培养）in young people. Moreover, schools are more than simple places of traditional learning. They are also places that provide meals, places where students receive mental help and other support.
Those policy-makers are often fascinated by the latest technology in education and its potential to transform education overnight. But online education does not allow a teacher to keep a struggling student after class and offer help. Educational videos may deliver academic content, but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student’s level of engagement. Distance education will never match the personal teaching in a traditional classroom. In their first 18 years of life. American children spend only 9% of their time in school. Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens, cultivate their social skills, encourage successful time management, and improve their capacity to compete in a competitive job market. Given these expectations, schools should not become permanently “remote”.
The power of the classroom is rooted in the qualities of the people gathered in the same place, at the same time, including their nature, empathy, devotion and so on. Technology, no matter how advanced, should simply be a tool of a good teacher.
1．What is one possible benefit of students attending school physically
A．Transforming traditional teaching.
B．Eating nutritionally-well-balanced-meals.
C．Growing into living and breathing human beings.
D．Developing relationships with peers and teachers.
2．What does the author think of the latest technology in education
A．It may reduce face-to-face interaction.
B．It may make many teachers jobless.
C．It may add to student’s financial burden.
D．It may revolutionize classroom teaching.
3．What does the underline word mean in paragraph 4.
A．complexity B．inequality C．responsibility D．capability
4．Why couldn’t technology replace a good teacher
A．It lacks humanity. B．It can‘t meet personal needs.
C．It is still not advanced. D．It can’t track students’ growth.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要针对远程学习的普及和可能的未来趋势，提出了一系列对远程学习及其与传统教育相比的优缺点的讨论。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Physically attending school has hidden benefits: interacting with peers and communicating with teachers are important skills to cultivate（培养）in young people.(亲自上学有隐藏的好处：与同龄人互动和与老师沟通是培养年轻人的重要技能。)”可知，学生去上学可以与同龄人互动和与老师沟通，有助于发展与同学和老师之间的关系。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Educational videos may deliver academic content, but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student’s level of engagement. (教育视频可以提供学术内容，但它们无法进行眼神交流，也无法评估学生的参与程度。)”可知，作者认为最新的教育技术无法提供面对面的交流，如眼神交流，也无法评估学生的参与程度。故选A。
3．词义猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens, cultivate their social skills, encourage successful time management(然而，教师被期望将他们培养成负责任的公民，培养他们的社交技能，鼓励他们成功地管理时间)”可知，老师要将学生培养成负责的公民，培养他们的社交技能，鼓励他们成功地管理时间，由此可推测，划线单词指的应该是提高他们竞争的“能力”。选项A“complexity(复杂)”；选项B“inequality(不平等)”；选项C“responsibility(责任)”；选项D“capability(能力)”。 故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The power of the classroom is rooted in the qualities of the people gathered in the same place, at the same time, including their nature, empathy, devotion and so on. Technology, no matter how advanced, should simply be a tool of a good teacher.(可知，课堂的力量根植于聚集在同一地点、同一时间的人们的品质，包括他们的本性、同理心、奉献精神等等。技术，无论多么先进，都应该是一个好老师的工具。)”可知，科技无论多么先进，都应该是老师的教学工具，因为科技并不具备人性。故选A。
（22-23高一下·黑龙江·期中）The pandemic saw an increased demand for stories that excite children in new ways and support them in processing difficult emotions. The features of personalized(个性化的) books meet this need well. With personalized Loss Books, children read about losing a family member. With personalized Me and My Pet Books, children read about how they first met their dogs or cats. Identified as the main driver of the rapidly growing interactive children’s book market, personalized books are far from a gimmick(噱头).
Personalized books are printed or digital books that have been crested based on the needs of a specific child. They follow a simple principle: the publisher provides the users with a pattern, which parents fill with children’s data. Thanks to the advanced print-on-demand possibilities of small-scale publishers, it’s not difficult to create a personalized version of any story.
Publishers claim that personalized books teach children empathy(同理心) and encourage love for reading. Now, you might think that it is surely what all parents and teachers want, so should we replace all books with personalized stories
Our observational studies confirmed publishers’ claim that children are highly engaged and motivated to read personalized books. However, in a recent study, we compared children’s understanding of the moral(寓意) of a story and its application to their lives after they read a personalized, non-personalized or control story. Although children who read personalized stories had more detailed retellings, there was no other difference between the three groups. This could be because the differences among the children were higher than the effect of personalization. Studies with personalized books are too few for us to know for sure.
Besides, while personal stories are often used in therapeutic(治疗性的) practice or in children with special educational needs, personalized stories are a new writing style, raising many open questions. The misuse of children’s personal data and the questions concerning diversity(差异) make one wonder how “personalized” the books actually are. The other key point lies in directing children’s focus towards the other. However, given the increased focus on personalized learning during the pandemic, and the need to customize(定制) children’s reading experiences, there is every reason to believe that the rising trend of personalized books will continue.
5．By writing Paragraph 1, the author mainly aims to stress ______.
A．the impact of the pandemic on children
B．the improvement in personalized books’ market position
C．the positive role of personalized books
D．the urgency of paying attention to children’s mental health
6．What can we say about personalized books
A．They are mainly in digital form. B．They are easy to be created.
C．They are highly praised by teachers. D．They are created by outstanding young writers.
7．What can be inferred from the author’s recent study
A．The varieties of personalized stories need to expanded.
B．Personalized stories help children have a strong sense of fairness.
C．Personalized stories help children apply what they’ve learned to real life.
D．The effects of personalized stories need to further studied.
8．What’s the author’s attitude to personalized books
A．Objective. B．Doubtful. C．Negative. D．Uncaring.
【答案】5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了疫情使得个性化书籍的需求增加，文章分析了个性化故事是否会产生出版商所说的积极影响，并在最后指出个性化书籍的上升趋势会继续下去。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“With personalized Loss Books, children read about losing a family member. With personalized Me and My Pet Books, children read about how they first met their dogs or cats.(通过个性化的“失去书籍”，孩子们可以阅读关于失去家庭成员的内容。通过个性化的“我和我的宠物书”，孩子们可以阅读他们第一次见到狗或猫的经历。)”及全段内容可知，作者主要想强调个性化书籍所产生的积极影响。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thanks to the advanced print-on-demand possibilities of small-scale publishers, it’s not difficult to create a personalized version of any story.(得益于小型出版商先进的按需印刷的可能性，创作任何故事的个性化版本都不难。)”可知，个性化书籍很容易创作出来。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Studies with personalized books are too few for us to know for sure.(有个性化书籍的研究太少了，我们无法确定。)”可知，在谈到最近一项关于个性化书籍的影响的研究时，作者认为与个性化书籍有关的研究太少，以至于无法确定最终结果。由此可推测出，作者认为个性化书籍的影响需要进一步进行研究。故选D。
8．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Publishers claim that personalized books teach children empathy(同理心) and encourage love for reading.(出版商声称，个性化的书籍教会了孩子们同理心，并鼓励他们热爱阅读。)”，第四段的“Our observational studies confirmed publishers’ claim that children are highly engaged and motivated to read personalized books.(我们的观察性研究证实了出版商的说法，即儿童高度参与并有动力阅读个性化书籍。)”以及最后一段的“However, given the increased focus on personalized learning during the pandemic, and the need to customize(定制) children’s reading experiences, there is every reason to believe that the rising trend of personalized books will continue.(然而，鉴于疫情期间人们越来越关注个性化学习，以及需要定制儿童的阅读体验，我们完全有理由相信个性化书籍的上升趋势将继续。)”等内容可知，作者在文中引用了出版商的说法以及研究给出的发现，在下结论时也是根据各种客观的事实证据，由此可推测出，作者对个性化书籍的态度是客观的。故选A。
（22-23高一下·广东汕头·期中）As online learning becomes more common and more and more resources are converted (改变) to digital form, some people have suggested that public libraries should be shut down and, in their place, everyone should be given an iPad with an e-reader subscription (订购).
Supporters of this idea state that it will save local cities and towns money because libraries are expensive to maintain. They also believe it will encourage more people to read because they won’t have to travel to a library to get a book; they can simply click on what they want to read and read it from wherever they are. They could also access more materials because libraries won’t have to buy physical copies of books; they can simply rent out as many digital copies as they need.
However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with tablets. First, digital books and resources are associated with less learning and more problems than print resources. For example, staring too long at a screen has been shown to cause numerous health problems, blurred vision, dizziness, dry eyes, headaches, and eye strain.
Second, it is incredibly narrow-minded to assume that the only service libraries offer is book lending. Libraries have a number of benefits, and many are only available if the library has a physical location. A Pew survey conducted in 2015 found that nearly two-thirds of American adults feel that closing their local library would have a major impact on their community. People see libraries as a way to connect with others and get their questions answered, benefits tablets can’t offer nearly as well or as easily.
While replacing libraries with tablets may seem like a simple solution, it would encourage people to spend even more time looking at digital screens, despite the countless issues surrounding them. It would also end access to many of the benefits of libraries that people have come to rely on. In many areas, libraries are such an important part of the community network that they could never be replaced by a simple object.
9．What benefits do the supporters believe to get after shutting down libraries
A．It is not expensive to maintain the libraries.
B．More people are inspired to spend more time reading.
C．Digital copies can be rented everywhere.
D．It is easier to click on what they want to read.
10．What can we learn from the Pew survey conducted in 2015
A．People have divided opinions.
B．Tablets can’t help people read well.
C．Libraries strengthen the bond with people.
D．Closing the library has some benefits.
11．What is the writer’s attitude towards shutting down public libraries
A．Favorable B．Unclear C．Indifferent D．Opposed
12．Which is the best title of the text
A．Libraries irreplaceable.
B．Tablets needed.
C．Online learning popping up.
D．Libraries gaining popularity.
【答案】9．B 10．C 11．D 12．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了图书馆是不可替代的。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They also believe it will encourage more people to read because they won’t have to travel to a library to get a book; they can simply click on what they want to read and read it from wherever they are.(他们还认为，这将鼓励更多的人阅读，因为他们不必去图书馆找书；他们可以简单地点击他们想要阅读的内容，并在任何地方阅读。)”可知，支持者认为关闭图书馆后会有更多的人被激励花更多的时间阅读。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“A Pew survey conducted in 2015 found that nearly two-thirds of American adults feel that closing their local library would have a major impact on their community. People see libraries as a way to connect with others and get their questions answered, benefits tablets can’t offer nearly as well or as easily.(皮尤在2015年进行的一项调查发现，近三分之二的美国成年人认为关闭当地图书馆会对他们的社区产生重大影响。人们将图书馆视为一种与他人联系并解答问题的方式，这是平板电脑无法提供的好处。)”可知，2015年的调查发现图书馆加强了与人的联系。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with tablets. First, digital books and resources are associated with less learning and more problems than print resources.(然而，用平板电脑取代图书馆将是一个严重的错误。首先，与印刷资源相比，数字图书和资源带来的学习更少，问题更多。)”和文章第四段“Second, it is incredibly narrow-minded to assume that the only service libraries offer is book lending.( 其次，认为图书馆提供的唯一服务就是借书，这是非常狭隘的。)”可知，作者对于关闭图书馆持反对态度。故选D。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with tablets.(然而，用平板电脑取代图书馆将是一个严重的错误。)”和文章最后一段“In many areas, libraries are such an important part of the community network that they could never be replaced by a simple object.(在许多地区，图书馆是社区网络的重要组成部分，它们永远不会被一个简单的物体所取代。)”可知，文章主要讨论了图书馆是不可替代的。故选A。
（22-23高一下·辽宁沈阳·期中）
ChatGPT, a powerful AI chatbot tool, has swept the world in the past months. While it has been dominating social media with its frighteningly good essays, ChatGPT has also caused both excitement and worries in education.
According to a US survey of more than 1,000 students, over 89 percent of them had used ChatGPT to help with a homework task. Some students even got high scores thanks to papers written by ChatGPT.
Some universities and schools have banned the use of ChatGPT, such as public schools in New York City, CNN reported. The move comes out of growing concerns that the tool could make it easier for students to cheat on schoolwork and be used to spread inaccurate (不精确的) information. “While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions, it does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential for academic (学术的) and lifelong success,” Jenna Lyle, said in a statement.
Apart from strict bans, teachers are redesigning their courses in an attempt to block the use of ChatGPT. Some college professors in the US are now including more oral exams and handwritten papers instead of typed ones, The New York Times reported.
However, not all educators are saying “no” to ChatGPT. Some Canadian universities are not planning on banning the tool. Instead, they are working on policies (政策) about its proper usage, for both students and lecturers.
Bhaskar Vira, pro-vice-chancellor for education at University of Cambridge in the UK, said that bans on AI software like ChatGPT are not sensible. “I’m of the opinion that we have to recognise that AI is a tool people will use but then adapt our learning, teaching and examination processes so that we can continue to have integrity (诚信) while recognizing the use of the tool,” he told Varsity, the school newspaper of the university.
Vira’s opinion on ChatGPT is shared by Peter van der Putten, assistant professor at Leiden University in the Netherlands. “It’s there, just like Google is there. You can write it into your policies for stopping cheating but it’s a reality that the tool exists,” he told Sky News.
13．Why did the author mention the US survey data in Paragraph 2
A．To criticize the use of ChatGPT in education.
B．To show the popularity of ChatGPT among students.
C．To show the places of using ChatGPT for academic tasks.
D．To highlight the negative effects of ChatGPT on academic integrity.
14．What is the concern that led some universities and schools to ban the use of ChatGPT
A．The tool is too expensive.
B．The tool is not user-friendly.
C．The tool can cause physical harm to students.
D．The tool may be used to spread inaccurate information.
15．Why are some educators redesigning their courses
A．To make them more difficult. B．To allow the use of ChatGPT.
C．To decrease the workload of students. D．To prevent students from using ChatGPT.
16．What is the opinion of Peter van der Putten on the use of ChatGPT
A．It should be used with proper policies and guidelines.
B．It is not a useful tool for students.
C．It should be used without limits.
D．It should be banned.
【答案】13．B 14．D 15．D 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT在教育界掀起了一场风暴以及教育界是如何应对的。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“According to a US survey of more than 1,000 students, over 89 percent of them had used ChatGPT to help with a homework task. (根据美国一项针对1000多名学生的调查，超过89%的学生使用ChatGPT来帮助完成家庭作业。)”可知，根据调查，89%的被调查的学生学生使用ChatGPT帮助写作业，由此可知，ChatGPT很受学生欢迎。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The move comes out of growing concerns that the tool could make it easier for students to cheat on schoolwork and be used to spread inaccurate information. (此举是因为人们越来越担心，该工具可能会让学生更容易在学业上作弊，并被用来传播不准确的信息。)”可知，一些大学和学校禁止ChatGPT的原因是他们担心该工具会让学生更容易在作业中作弊和被用来传播不精确的信息。故选D项。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Apart from strict bans, teachers are redesigning their courses in an attempt to block the use of ChatGPT. (除了严格禁止外，教师们正在重新设计他们的课程，试图阻止ChatGPT的使用。)可知，老师们重新设计课程的目的是为阻止学生使用ChatGPT。故选D项。
16．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““I’m of the opinion that we have to recognise that AI is a tool people will use but then adapt our learning, teaching and examination processes so that we can continue to have integrity (诚信) while recognizing the use of the tool,” he told Varsity, the school newspaper of the university. (他在接受该校校报Varsity采访时表示：“我认为，我们必须认识到人工智能是人们将会使用的工具，然后调整我们的学习、教学和考试过程，这样我们才能在认识到该工具的用途时继续保持诚信。”)可知，Vira认为人工智能是人们将会使用的工具，可以调整学习、教学和考试的过程，结合最后一段中的“Vira’s opinion on ChatGPT is shared by Peter van der Putten, assistant professor at Leiden University in the Netherlands. “It’s there, just like Google is there. You can write it into your policies for stopping cheating but it’s a reality that the tool exists,” he told Sky News.(Vira对ChatGPT的看法得到了荷兰莱顿大学助理教授Peter van der Putten的认同。“它就在那里，就像谷歌一样。你可以把它写入停止作弊的政策中，但这个工具确实存在，”他告诉天空新闻。)”可知，Peter van der Putten赞同Bhaskar Vira的观点，人工智能是一种工具，它应该辅以适当的政策和准则一起使用。故选A项。
（22-23高一下·北京·期中）The question of whether it is possible to dissociate the artist from their work has been debated for a long time. Even though positive critical reviews about an artist’s behavior can improve their artistic accomplishments, people should treat artists as individuals who have lived apart from their work.
One of the reasons is that even artists have shortcomings. Like any other human being, an artist can err, and we cannot be severely judgmental of every person that falls into error. Cancel culture with endless criticism is concerned more with how we should disregard the artists when they make mistakes than with how their weaknesses can be used by the artists to create art that is unique.
Perhaps Kevin Hart’s words support this thought. He asks, “When did we get to a point where life was supposed to be perfect Where people were supposed to operate perfectly all the time ” When people start seeing artists as human beings, they’ll see them for who they are and review their behavior not on the basis of their art but on the basis of their humanity.
It should be also noted that there are works of art that are inspired by the artist’s experience. For example, the themes in the Harry Potter books are so connected with J. K. Rowling’s wicked worldview that it is virtually impossible to distinguish the two from each other. Since canceling artists based on their worldview would mean the reception to their art will suffer, artists become tense and unwilling to express themselves, which will kill creativity, eventually leading to the death of edians, singers or painters who should be integrating contemporary issues with their works become boring, and art stops functioning as the social mirror it ought to be.
An artist who makes mistakes still has art with intrinsic (内在的) value, benefiting entire communities or cultures. For instance, when Kendrick Lamar launched his album and frequently used the F-slur in one of his songs, there was much-heated discussion. He was entirely mistaken in using the F-slur, but as an artist, he still had a wide-reaching impact on society. Similarly, one can respect the late Michael Jackson because of how he impacted pop music and the inclusion of black musicians in mainstream media despite his personal weaknesses, opinions, worldviews and associations.
While these artists may engage in their terrible behavior, the art they produce today may serve as an example for others to produce outstanding work in the future. Some would refer to this process as a cycle. Good art should, therefore, be judged due to its value and not the value of the artist.
17．Which would Kevin Hart probably agree with
A．People should perform perfectly all the time.
B．Artists’ shortcomings might be their inspiration.
C．If artists have weaknesses, we’d better cancel them.
D．Artists should be evaluated based on their humanity.
18．Why will “cancel culture” lead to the death of art
A．Artists will be unwilling to create any artwork.
B．Artists will stop concerning with contemporary issues.
C．Artists will lose their desire for expression and creativity.
D．Artworks are unavoidably inspired by artists’ experiences.
19．How can an artist with mistakes benefit others
A．The artist may make some new words popular.
B．The artist’s opinions may provoke heated discussion.
C．The artist will benefit entire communities or cultures.
D．The artist’s art may give others ideas of artistic creation.
20．Which would be the best title of the passage
A．Judge Art Due to Its Value
B．Separate the Art From the Artist
C．Regard Artists as Human Beings
D．Stop Criticizing Artists’ Behavior
【答案】17．B 18．C 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论证了我们应该把艺术家视为与作品相分离的个体，评判优秀艺术作品的标准应该是作品本身的价值，而不是艺术家的价值这一观点。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段“One of the reasons is that even artists have shortcomings. Like any other human being, an artist can err, and we cannot be severely judgmental of every person that falls into error. Cancel culture with endless criticism is concerned more with how we should disregard the artists when they make mistakes than with how their weaknesses can be used by the artists to create art that is unique.(其中一个原因是，即使是艺术家，他们也是有缺点的。像任何其他人一样，艺术家也会犯错误，我们不能对每一个犯错误的人都严厉地评判。充斥着无尽批评的封杀文化更关心的是，当艺术家犯错时，我们应该如何忽视他们，而不是艺术家如何利用他们的弱点来创造独特的艺术)”和第三段中“Perhaps Kevin Hart’s words support this thought.(也许凯文·哈特的话支持了这种想法)”可知，上文提出艺术家也会犯错误，我们不能对每一个犯错误的人都严厉地评判，而是应当关注艺术家如何利用他们的弱点来创造独特的艺术。Kevin Hart赞同这种想法，所有他也会赞成“艺术家的缺点可能就是他们的灵感”的说法。故选B项。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Since canceling artists based on their worldview would mean the reception to their art will suffer, artists become tense and unwilling to express themselves, which will kill creativity, eventually leading to the death of art.(因为世界观而封杀艺术家，就意味着对其艺术的认可会受到影响，艺术家会变得紧张，不愿意表达自己，这就会扼杀创造力，最终导致艺术的死亡)”可知，“封杀文化”会导致艺术的死亡是因为它会让艺术家将失去表达和创造的欲望。故选C项。
19．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“While these artists may engage in their terrible behavior, the art they produce today may serve as an example for others to produce outstanding work in the future.(虽然这些艺术家可能会从事他们可怕的行为，但他们今天创作的艺术作品可能会成为未来其他人创作杰出作品的榜样)”可知，一个犯了错误的艺术家的艺术可能会给其他人带来艺术创作的灵感，从而给其它人带来益处。故选D项。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“The question of whether it is possible to dissociate the artist from their work has been debated for a long time. Even though positive critical reviews about an artist’s behavior can improve their artistic accomplishments, people should treat artists as individuals who have lived apart from their work.(是否有可能将艺术家与他们的作品分开的问题已经争论了很长时间。尽管对艺术家行为的正面评论可以提高他们的艺术成就，但人们应该把艺术家视为与作品分离的个体)”和最后一段中“Good art should, therefore, be judged due to its value and not the value of the artist.(因此，评判优秀艺术作品的标准应该是它的价值，而不是艺术家的价值)”可知，文章第一段中提出观点：应该把艺术家视为与作品相分离的个体。文章最后总结：评判优秀艺术作品的标准应该是作品的价值，而不是艺术家的价值，再次强调应该把艺术家与作品分开评价。所以B项“将艺术与艺术家分开”是最佳标题。故选B项。
（22-23高一下·广东深圳·期中）You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing (内化) your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺) in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others- -and even themselves--to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.
In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.
In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have filler, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.
21．What does the word “They” in paragraph 1 probably refer to
A．People and things around you. B．Opportunities and problems.
C．Creators and their choices. D．Victims and their sufferings.
22．According to Paragraph 2, creators ________.
A．seem willing to experience failures in life B．possess the ability to predict future life
C．handle ups and downs of life wisely D．have potential to create something new
23．The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that ________.
A．different reactions to sufferings lead to different life paths.
B．people need family support to deal with challengers in life.
C．it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains.
D．one’s experiences determine his attitude toward life.
24．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A．To define victims and creators.
B．To evaluate victims against creators.
C．To explain the relationship between victims and creators.
D．To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.
【答案】21．A 22．C 23．A 24．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过对比选择成为生活的受害者或创造者对生活产生的不同影响来告诫我们要改变我们看待事情的观念，使自己从受害者的角色变为创造者。
21．词义猜测题。根据第一段前四句“You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around.”（在生活中，你有很多机会选择成为受害者或创造者。当你选择成为受害者时，这个世界是一个冷酷而艰难的地方。“他们”对你做了一些事，造成了你所有的痛苦和折磨。“他们”是错误的，坏的，只要“他们”在身边，生活就很可怕。）可知，当自己选择成为受害者时，对周围的人和物会持消极否定的态度，认为他们造成了自己的痛苦，使自己的生活苦不堪言，故这里“They”指代周围的人和物。故选A项。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“They believe their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.”（他们相信他们与生命中每一个神圣时刻的舞蹈都是一份礼物，暴风雨是生命中自然的一部分，可以带来情感和精神成长所需的雨水。）可知，创造者对待生命中的福与祸都持积极乐观的态度。故选C项。
23．推理判断题。根据第四段后两句“One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.”（一个人，在失去一份工作或结束一段特殊的关系时，可能会觉得好像是世界末日，陷入几个月、几年甚至一生的可怕痛苦中。另一个有同样经历的人可能会选择先经历悲伤，然后接受损失，很快就会爆发他生命中强大的创造力。）可知，面对痛苦，有的人可能从此一蹶不振，但有的人能够克服痛苦，成为更强大的自己，故而对痛苦的不同反应导致了不同的人生道路。故选A项。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have filler, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are”（在任何时刻、任何情况下，你都可以通过设定一个清晰的意图来改变内心受害者的角色，并邀请你这个强大的创造者的角色进入你的生活，从而选择充实、丰富的生活。）并结合上文对受害者和创造者对待生活不同态度的论述可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了改变我们看待事情的观念，使自己从受害者的角色变为创造者。故选D项。
（22-23高一下·江西·期中）More educators and researchers are bringing attention to misinformation (错误信息) through the internet and social media. Teaching media literacy (素养) can be a problem. Those against teaching internet literacy say it’s the same as thought control, which prevents some teachers from using it in class.
Erin, a mother from Massachusetts who has worked as a reporter, said that media literacy is a skill as important as computer engineering for the economy. She created a nonprofit group called Media Literacy Now to support digital literacy education. “Basic communication is part of our information economy, and there will be huge implications for our economy if we don’t get this right,” she said.
Shawn Lee. who teaches social studies in Seattle, Washington, has taught about double -checking online reports, getting information from more than a few places and using critical (批评的) thinking. He also created an organization for teachers to share experiences.
Teaching internet literacy to fight misinformation may be more effective than new laws. Some US states have added new standards for teaching internet literacy. Subjects can include how the internet and social media work, how to find misinformation by looking at many sources. Other ways of identifying misinformation might include looking for missing background information or recognizing emotional headlines.
Media and internet literacy is taught around the world. Finland and Canada have developed programs over the years to teach young people about the media. The goal is to get young people to understand what in the news and on the internet is a fact, and what isn’t.
Media and internet literacy is often compared to driver’s education. “We need speed limits, we need well designed roads and good regulations to ensure cars are safe. But we also teach people how to drive safely,” a director of education Johnson said.
This combination of government, industry and educators is considered the model that is needed for internet and media literacy. Education is needed for an effective answer to fight internet misinformation.
25．What’s the view of people against teaching internet literacy
A．It needs laws to prove its effect.
B．It adds to teachers’ heavy work.
C．It’s like controlling people’s thought.
D．It may face strong criticism of parents.
26．What has Shawn done to support internet literacy
A．He’s created Media Literacy Now.
B．He’s taught students critical thinking.
C．He’s invented online double checking.
D．He’s asked teachers to share experiences.
27．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．What’s been done about online literacy.
B．What effect online literacy has on us.
C．How we can stop misinformation online.
D．How we could beat online misinformation.
28．What does Johnson think about teaching internet literacy
A．People should learn about safe surfing.
B．It should be covered in driver’s education.
C．It calls for the efforts of online education.
D．Finland and Canada have experience in this.
【答案】25．C 26．B 27．D 28．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者主要阐述了加强网络信息分辨的教育，让人们学会分辨网上的虚假信息，进而更好地培养人们的网络素养。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Teaching media literacy (素养) can be a problem. Those against teaching internet literacy say it’s the same as thought control, which prevents some teachers from using it in class. (教授媒体素养可能是一个问题。那些反对教授互联网素养的人说，它与思想控制相同，这阻止了一些老师在课堂上使用它。)”可知人们反对教授网络素养是因为人们认为它就像是思想控制，故选C项。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“Shawn Lee. who teaches social studies in Seattle, Washington, has taught about double -checking online reports, getting information from more than a few places and using critical (批评的) thinking. He also created an organization for teachers to share experiences. (肖恩·李在华盛顿州西雅图教授社会研究，教授过双重检查在线报告，从多个地方获取信息并使用批判性思维。他还创建了一个教师分享经验的组织。)”可知肖恩在学校教社会学，教学生在阅读网络报道时进行双重检查，并且需要带有批判性思维。故选B项。
27．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Teaching internet literacy to fight misinformation may be more effective than new laws. Some US states have added new standards for teaching internet literacy. Subjects can include how the internet and social media work, how to find misinformation by looking at many sources. Other ways of identifying misinformation might include looking for missing background information or recognizing emotional headlines. (教授互联网素养以打击错误信息可能比新法律更有效。美国一些州增加了教授互联网素养的新标准。主题可以包括互联网和社交媒体如何运作，如何通过查看许多来源来发现错误信息。识别错误信息的其他方法可能包括寻找缺失的背景信息或识别情绪化的标题。)”可知本段主要讲述如何教人们进行网络信息分辨以应对虚假信息，包括告知人们网络和社交媒体的运行方式，教人们通过查看信息来源来辨别错误信息，让人们学会寻找缺失信息、识别情绪化的标题等。故选D项。
28．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Media and internet literacy is often compared to driver’s education. “We need speed limits, we need well designed roads and good regulations to ensure cars are safe. But we also teach people how to drive safely,” a director of education Johnson said. (媒体和互联网素养经常被比作驾驶员的教育。“我们需要限速，我们需要精心设计的道路和良好的法规来确保汽车安全。但我们也教人们如何安全驾驶”，教育主任约翰逊说。)”可知约翰逊认为，网络信息分辨教育应该被看作与考驾照一样，需要相关的规章制度，需要教育人们安全驾驶。这里说的“安全驾驶”指的是上网的安全教育。故选A项。
（22-23高一下·浙江温州·期中）I was born and raised in England in a culture where privacy and “keeping yourself to yourself” were valued traditions. Speaking to strangers was not encouraged. People were most hospitable (好客的) and friendly — but only once they had been introduced to new people.
However, I have been lucky enough to spend some time in both Italy and the US, where I found traditions of hospitality and politeness to be very different.
I experienced Italian hospitality first-hand on a crowded railway carriage traveling, one afternoon, from Genoa to Florence. Sinking gratefully into an empty seat, I was berated (斥责) in rapid Italian by a gentleman who was returning to this seat — it had not been “spare” after all. I apologized in English, and got up to allow him back into the seat. The gentleman obviously had no understanding of the English language, but he, too, realized my genuine mistake. He smiled and gestured for me to remain in the seat, and he himself remained standing in the corridor for the rest of the journey. The other passengers of the carriage smiled and nodded at me and made me feel quite welcome amongst them. I feel that if this had been in England, a foreigner who made a mistake would not always be so kindly treated.
Transport was also obvious in the differences I noticed between English and American culture. I flew to New York on a plane with mainly English passengers. We sat together in near silence. Nobody spoke to me nor, as I expected, to anyone else they did not know. They felt it was not polite to disturb someone else’s privacy. However, when I traveled across the United States, whether by plane or Greyhound bus, I was never short of conversation. Conversation was going on all around me and whoever sat next to me was happy to introduce themselves and ask me about myself, which was usually a pleasant way to kill time. They obviously felt it would have been rude not to speak to another person, whether they were strangers or not.
29．What do we know about the passengers of the carriage when the author was travelling in Italy
A．They were all on the side of the gentleman.
B．They all laughed at the author for this mistake.
C．They all showed their understanding of the author’s mistake.
D．They would not bear a mistake like the author’s in public.
30．According to the last paragraph, English passengers sat in near silence because________.
A．they were too tired to speak B．they are short of topics to talk about
C．they were all strangers to each other D．privacy was a valued tradition in England
31．The purpose of the author is to tell us ________.
A．his traveling experiences
B．how to adapt ourselves to a new culture
C．the culture shock he experienced in Italy and the US
D．cultural differences in hospitality and politeness
32．What is the author’s attitude towards American’s traditions of hospitality and politeness
A．Approving. B．Confused. C．Negative. D．Disapproving.
【答案】29．C 30．D 31．D 32．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章作者通过自己在不同国家旅行的经历来告诉大家，不同文化里人们对礼貌的定义是不同的。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The other passengers of the carriage smiled and nodded at me and made me feel quite welcome amongst them.(车厢里的其他乘客对我微笑点头，让我觉得在他们中间是很受欢迎的)”可知，车厢里所有的人都对作者点头微笑，说明他们理解作者的错误。故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“We sat together in near silence. Nobody spoke to me nor, as I expected, to anyone else they did not know. They felt it was not polite to disturb someone else’s privacy.(我们几乎沉默地坐在一起。没有人跟我说话，正如我所预料的，也没有人跟他们不认识的人说话。他们觉得打扰别人的隐私是不礼貌的)”可知，英国乘客不跟不认识的人说话，他们觉得打扰别人的隐私是不礼貌的。由此可推知，隐私在英国是一项被重视的传统。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“I was born and raised in England in a culture where privacy and ‘keeping yourself to yourself’ were valued traditions.(我在英国出生和长大，在那里，隐私和“独来独往”是被重视的传统)”和文章第二段“However, I have been lucky enough to spend some time in both Italy and the US, where I found traditions of hospitality and politeness to be very different.(然而，我很幸运地在意大利和美国度过了一段时间，我发现那里的好客和礼貌传统非常不同)”可推知，作者的目的是要告诉不同国家在好客和礼貌方面的文化差异。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, when I traveled across the United States, whether by plane or Greyhound bus, I was never short of conversation. Conversation was going on all around me and whoever sat next to me was happy to introduce themselves and ask me about myself, which was usually a pleasant way to kill time.(然而，当我在美国旅行时，无论是乘飞机还是乘灰狗巴士，我从不缺少谈话。我周围的人都在交谈，坐在我旁边的人都很高兴地介绍自己，问我关于我自己的事情，这通常是消磨时间的一种愉快的方式)”可知，作者认为在美国旅行时与人谈话是消磨时间的一种愉快的方式，所以作者对美国好客和礼貌的传统持赞许态度。故选A项。
（22-23高一下·浙江杭州·期中）Junior Alvarado, a high school student in the Washington Leadership Academy, often struggled in his math classes and earned poor grades. The teachers at the Washington Leadership Academy used computer programs to identify the areas he was weak in and design a learning plan just for him.
“They explain the problem step by step. It wouldn’t be as fast, but at your speed,” said the 15-year-old. “Now I feel better about my maths skills.”
The application of technology in schools is part of a larger idea of personalised learning. This idea has been gaining in popularity in recent years. Personalised learning is a way of teaching centring around the interests and needs of individual (单独的) students instead of entire classes as a whole. It includes flexible (灵活的) learning environments and specially-designed education plans. Students can decide what and how they learn. That way, they are able to master subjects at their own speed.
Joseph Webb, headmaster of the Washington Leadership Academy, says the digital tools help teachers identify problems students are facing before they become too serious. “We can solve them right then and there; we don’t have to wait for the problem to come to us,” he said.
Still, many researchers say it is too early to tell if personalised learning works better than traditional teaching. A recent study found that personalised learning only led to small improvements. It found only a 3% improvement in math and even smaller improvements in reading compared to traditional teaching methods. In addition, experts in children’s health warn that the overuse of technology can damage face-to-face relationships and young people’s interest in physical activity.
Some teachers have their doubts as well. Marla Kilfoyle, a teacher in a public high school, admits that technology can be helpful in the classroom in many ways. But she argues that no computer program should ever replace the personal touch, support and inspiration (启发) teachers give their students.
33．Why does the author mention the example of Junior Alvarado
A．To encourage schools to use technology.
B．To introduce the idea of personalised learning.
C．To advise students to try a new way of learning.
D．To draw the teacher’s attention to the weak students.
34．What does personalised learning mean
A．Students learn on their own.
B．Students can do whatever they like.
C．Students learn at their own pace.
D．Students learn with a teacher face to face.
35．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．The digital tools. B．The learning problems.
C．Students. D．Teachers.
36．What can we learn from the text
A．Only a few teachers prefer personalised learning.
B．Personalised learning is a failed attempt to help slow learners.
C．Computer programs are likely to replace the role of teachers.
D．Experts are worried about the overuse of technology.
【答案】33．B 34．C 35．B 36．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了电脑软件可以为学生制定个性化学习方案，对此各方人士有不同看法。
33．推理判断题。Junior Alvarado的例子出现在文章的开头，是一个个性化学习案例。紧接着第三段中“The application of technology in schools is part of a larger idea of personalised learning. This idea has been gaining in popularity in recent years.（技术在学校的应用是个性化学习这一更大理念的一部分。这一观点近年来越来越受欢迎。）”开始介绍个性化学习，说明其具体的内涵、特点和优势。因此，作者提到Junior Alvarado的例子是为了介绍个性化学习的理念。故选B项。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Students can decide what and how they learn. That way, they are able to master subjects at their own speed.（学生可以决定学什么和怎么学。这样，他们就能以自己的节奏掌握课程。）”可知，个性化学习的方式可以让学生按照自己的节奏掌握各门课程。故选C项。
35．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Joseph Webb, headmaster of the Washington Leadership Academy, says the digital tools help teachers identify problems students are facing before they become too serious.（华盛顿领导学院校长Joseph Webb表示，数字化工具可以帮助教师在学生面临的问题变得过于严重之前进行确认。）”可知，Joseph Webb表示数字化工具可以确认学生面临的问题，they指代上文的problems，强调在这些学习问题变得更严重之前确认。故选B项。
36．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“In addition, experts in children’s health warn that the overuse of technology can damage face-to-face relationships and young people’s interest in physical activity.（此外，儿童健康专家警告说，过度使用科技产品会损害面对面的关系，也会损害年轻人对体育活动的兴趣。）”可知，专家担心科技的过度使用会带来问题，给面对面的人际交往和对于体育运动的兴趣造成损害。故选D项。
（22-23高一下·天津·期中）Nowadays, it is more common for people to express their thoughts in an e-mail or text. In fact, more and more students use technology for written communication in their lives. Even so, research shows that teaching handwriting skills has its benefits. However, are the benefits worth spending valuable classroom time in teaching handwriting skills when students could be learning more about computer keyboarding
States across the country have good reasons to require students to learn computer keyboarding skills. For one, students are learning technology that will help them communicate faster with more people and in many different forms, such as e-mails, websites, blogs, and so on. Also the better a student’s computer keyboarding skills, the greater the chance that a student has to become a better puter tools such as the grammar and spell check make correcting quick and easy, although not 100% accurate (准确的). With these and many other tools, students gain important computer skills. Furthermore, students no longer have to worry about their writing being graded poorly by teachers. All in all, computer keyboarding skills are a step in the right direction.
Still, the advantages of computer keyboarding skills may not be enough to leave handwriting instruction in the dust. Marlena Hamilton, professor of neurology at University of Pennsylvania, did an experiment with her co-workers to study what happens in students’ brains when writing. They found that many of the areas of the brain light up. These are the same areas that are used to learn to read. They then wondered if the same would be true when students looked at letters on a keyboard. “What we found, “she states, “is that brains are much less involved when we just look at letters. When we actually use our hands to make things, the brain works much harder.”
Schools across the nation are looking at the evidence and deciding what to do. William McIntyre, a reading coach at Sunshine Elementary School in Albany, New York, says, “What we have learned from the research is that learning handwriting benefits students educationally. What we also know is that students need to be taught keyboarding skills. Now, it is up to each school to make a decision.
37．From the first paragraph, we can know that _______.
A．students don’t want to learn handwriting skills any more
B．students don’t like communicating with friends in person
C．students’ communicating by technology is more and more common
D．students spend more time in playing computer games than before
38．What does the second paragraph mainly want to show
A．The roles of computer tools.
B．The advantages of computer keyboarding skills.
C．The importance of communication skills.
D．The necessity of developing writing skills.
39．What’s the author’s attitude to students’ learning keyboarding skills
A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Supportive.
40．What can the result of Hamilton’s experiment show
A．Keyboarding skills are very useful.
B．Handwriting is helpful for students to learn.
C．Keyboarding makes our brain more active.
D．Handwriting is more difficult than keyboarding.
【答案】37．C 38．B 39．D 40．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。如今，人们更常用电子邮件或短信来表达自己的想法。事实上，越来越多的学生在他们的生活中使用书面来交流。文章主要讨论了当学生可以学习更多关于计算机键盘输入技巧知识时，是否值得花宝贵的课堂时间来教授书写技巧。
37．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Nowadays, it is more common for people to express their thoughts in an e-mail or text.(如今，人们更常用电子邮件或文本来表达自己的想法)”可知，学生利用科技进行交流的现象越来越普遍。故选C。
38．主旨大意题。通读第二段，尤其是“For one, students are learning technology that will help them communicate faster with more people and in many different forms, such as e-mails, websites, blogs, and so on. Also the better a student’s computer keyboarding skills, the greater the chance that a student has to become a better writer.(首先，学生们正在学习的技术将帮助他们更快地与更多的人进行交流，并以多种不同的形式进行交流，例如电子邮件、网站、博客等等。另外，学生的电脑键盘输入技巧越好，学生成为一名优秀作家的机会就越大)”可知，第二段主要介绍了电脑键盘输入技巧的优势。故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句话“All in all, computer keyboarding skills are a step in the right direction.(总而言之，电脑键盘输入技术是朝着正确方向迈出的一步)”可推知，作者对学生学习电脑键盘输入技巧是持支持的态度的。故选D。
40．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““What we found, “she states, “is that brains are much less involved when we just look at letters. When we actually use our hands to make things, the brain works much harder.”(“我们发现,”她说，“当我们只看字母时，大脑的参与要少得多。当我们真正用手做东西时，大脑的工作会更加努力。”)”可知，Hamilton的实验表明，当我们真正用手做东西时，大脑的工作会更加努力，由此可推知，手写有助于学生学习。故选B。考题猜想10 阅读理解之议论文
名校期中真题
（22-23高一下·辽宁沈阳·期中）In the coming era of budget cuts to education, remote learning could become a common thing.
The appeal to those in charge of education budgets to trade teachers for technology is so strong that they tend to ignore the disadvantages of remote learning. School facilities are expensive to build and maintain, and teachers are expensive to employ. It’s true that online classes do not require buildings and each class can host hundreds of people, which can result in greater savings, but moving away from a traditional classroom in which a living, breathing human being teaches and interacts with students daily would be a disaster.
Physically attending school has hidden benefits: interacting with peers and communicating with teachers are important skills to cultivate（培养）in young people. Moreover, schools are more than simple places of traditional learning. They are also places that provide meals, places where students receive mental help and other support.
Those policy-makers are often fascinated by the latest technology in education and its potential to transform education overnight. But online education does not allow a teacher to keep a struggling student after class and offer help. Educational videos may deliver academic content, but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student’s level of engagement. Distance education will never match the personal teaching in a traditional classroom. In their first 18 years of life. American children spend only 9% of their time in school. Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens, cultivate their social skills, encourage successful time management, and improve their capacity to compete in a competitive job market. Given these expectations, schools should not become permanently “remote”.
The power of the classroom is rooted in the qualities of the people gathered in the same place, at the same time, including their nature, empathy, devotion and so on. Technology, no matter how advanced, should simply be a tool of a good teacher.
1．What is one possible benefit of students attending school physically
A．Transforming traditional teaching.
B．Eating nutritionally-well-balanced-meals.
C．Growing into living and breathing human beings.
D．Developing relationships with peers and teachers.
2．What does the author think of the latest technology in education
A．It may reduce face-to-face interaction.
B．It may make many teachers jobless.
C．It may add to student’s financial burden.
D．It may revolutionize classroom teaching.
3．What does the underline word mean in paragraph 4.
A．complexity B．inequality C．responsibility D．capability
4．Why couldn’t technology replace a good teacher
A．It lacks humanity. B．It can‘t meet personal needs.
C．It is still not advanced. D．It can’t track students’ growth.
（22-23高一下·黑龙江·期中）The pandemic saw an increased demand for stories that excite children in new ways and support them in processing difficult emotions. The features of personalized(个性化的) books meet this need well. With personalized Loss Books, children read about losing a family member. With personalized Me and My Pet Books, children read about how they first met their dogs or cats. Identified as the main driver of the rapidly growing interactive children’s book market, personalized books are far from a gimmick(噱头).
Personalized books are printed or digital books that have been crested based on the needs of a specific child. They follow a simple principle: the publisher provides the users with a pattern, which parents fill with children’s data. Thanks to the advanced print-on-demand possibilities of small-scale publishers, it’s not difficult to create a personalized version of any story.
Publishers claim that personalized books teach children empathy(同理心) and encourage love for reading. Now, you might think that it is surely what all parents and teachers want, so should we replace all books with personalized stories
Our observational studies confirmed publishers’ claim that children are highly engaged and motivated to read personalized books. However, in a recent study, we compared children’s understanding of the moral(寓意) of a story and its application to their lives after they read a personalized, non-personalized or control story. Although children who read personalized stories had more detailed retellings, there was no other difference between the three groups. This could be because the differences among the children were higher than the effect of personalization. Studies with personalized books are too few for us to know for sure.
Besides, while personal stories are often used in therapeutic(治疗性的) practice or in children with special educational needs, personalized stories are a new writing style, raising many open questions. The misuse of children’s personal data and the questions concerning diversity(差异) make one wonder how “personalized” the books actually are. The other key point lies in directing children’s focus towards the other. However, given the increased focus on personalized learning during the pandemic, and the need to customize(定制) children’s reading experiences, there is every reason to believe that the rising trend of personalized books will continue.
5．By writing Paragraph 1, the author mainly aims to stress ______.
A．the impact of the pandemic on children
B．the improvement in personalized books’ market position
C．the positive role of personalized books
D．the urgency of paying attention to children’s mental health
6．What can we say about personalized books
A．They are mainly in digital form. B．They are easy to be created.
C．They are highly praised by teachers. D．They are created by outstanding young writers.
7．What can be inferred from the author’s recent study
A．The varieties of personalized stories need to expanded.
B．Personalized stories help children have a strong sense of fairness.
C．Personalized stories help children apply what they’ve learned to real life.
D．The effects of personalized stories need to further studied.
8．What’s the author’s attitude to personalized books
A．Objective. B．Doubtful. C．Negative. D．Uncaring.
（22-23高一下·广东汕头·期中）As online learning becomes more common and more and more resources are converted (改变) to digital form, some people have suggested that public libraries should be shut down and, in their place, everyone should be given an iPad with an e-reader subscription (订购).
Supporters of this idea state that it will save local cities and towns money because libraries are expensive to maintain. They also believe it will encourage more people to read because they won’t have to travel to a library to get a book; they can simply click on what they want to read and read it from wherever they are. They could also access more materials because libraries won’t have to buy physical copies of books; they can simply rent out as many digital copies as they need.
However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with tablets. First, digital books and resources are associated with less learning and more problems than print resources. For example, staring too long at a screen has been shown to cause numerous health problems, blurred vision, dizziness, dry eyes, headaches, and eye strain.
Second, it is incredibly narrow-minded to assume that the only service libraries offer is book lending. Libraries have a number of benefits, and many are only available if the library has a physical location. A Pew survey conducted in 2015 found that nearly two-thirds of American adults feel that closing their local library would have a major impact on their community. People see libraries as a way to connect with others and get their questions answered, benefits tablets can’t offer nearly as well or as easily.
While replacing libraries with tablets may seem like a simple solution, it would encourage people to spend even more time looking at digital screens, despite the countless issues surrounding them. It would also end access to many of the benefits of libraries that people have come to rely on. In many areas, libraries are such an important part of the community network that they could never be replaced by a simple object.
9．What benefits do the supporters believe to get after shutting down libraries
A．It is not expensive to maintain the libraries.
B．More people are inspired to spend more time reading.
C．Digital copies can be rented everywhere.
D．It is easier to click on what they want to read.
10．What can we learn from the Pew survey conducted in 2015
A．People have divided opinions.
B．Tablets can’t help people read well.
C．Libraries strengthen the bond with people.
D．Closing the library has some benefits.
11．What is the writer’s attitude towards shutting down public libraries
A．Favorable B．Unclear C．Indifferent D．Opposed
12．Which is the best title of the text
A．Libraries irreplaceable.
B．Tablets needed.
C．Online learning popping up.
D．Libraries gaining popularity.
（22-23高一下·辽宁沈阳·期中）
ChatGPT, a powerful AI chatbot tool, has swept the world in the past months. While it has been dominating social media with its frighteningly good essays, ChatGPT has also caused both excitement and worries in education.
According to a US survey of more than 1,000 students, over 89 percent of them had used ChatGPT to help with a homework task. Some students even got high scores thanks to papers written by ChatGPT.
Some universities and schools have banned the use of ChatGPT, such as public schools in New York City, CNN reported. The move comes out of growing concerns that the tool could make it easier for students to cheat on schoolwork and be used to spread inaccurate (不精确的) information. “While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions, it does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential for academic (学术的) and lifelong success,” Jenna Lyle, said in a statement.
Apart from strict bans, teachers are redesigning their courses in an attempt to block the use of ChatGPT. Some college professors in the US are now including more oral exams and handwritten papers instead of typed ones, The New York Times reported.
However, not all educators are saying “no” to ChatGPT. Some Canadian universities are not planning on banning the tool. Instead, they are working on policies (政策) about its proper usage, for both students and lecturers.
Bhaskar Vira, pro-vice-chancellor for education at University of Cambridge in the UK, said that bans on AI software like ChatGPT are not sensible. “I’m of the opinion that we have to recognise that AI is a tool people will use but then adapt our learning, teaching and examination processes so that we can continue to have integrity (诚信) while recognizing the use of the tool,” he told Varsity, the school newspaper of the university.
Vira’s opinion on ChatGPT is shared by Peter van der Putten, assistant professor at Leiden University in the Netherlands. “It’s there, just like Google is there. You can write it into your policies for stopping cheating but it’s a reality that the tool exists,” he told Sky News.
13．Why did the author mention the US survey data in Paragraph 2
A．To criticize the use of ChatGPT in education.
B．To show the popularity of ChatGPT among students.
C．To show the places of using ChatGPT for academic tasks.
D．To highlight the negative effects of ChatGPT on academic integrity.
14．What is the concern that led some universities and schools to ban the use of ChatGPT
A．The tool is too expensive.
B．The tool is not user-friendly.
C．The tool can cause physical harm to students.
D．The tool may be used to spread inaccurate information.
15．Why are some educators redesigning their courses
A．To make them more difficult. B．To allow the use of ChatGPT.
C．To decrease the workload of students. D．To prevent students from using ChatGPT.
16．What is the opinion of Peter van der Putten on the use of ChatGPT
A．It should be used with proper policies and guidelines.
B．It is not a useful tool for students.
C．It should be used without limits.
D．It should be banned.
（22-23高一下·北京·期中）The question of whether it is possible to dissociate the artist from their work has been debated for a long time. Even though positive critical reviews about an artist’s behavior can improve their artistic accomplishments, people should treat artists as individuals who have lived apart from their work.
One of the reasons is that even artists have shortcomings. Like any other human being, an artist can err, and we cannot be severely judgmental of every person that falls into error. Cancel culture with endless criticism is concerned more with how we should disregard the artists when they make mistakes than with how their weaknesses can be used by the artists to create art that is unique.
Perhaps Kevin Hart’s words support this thought. He asks, “When did we get to a point where life was supposed to be perfect Where people were supposed to operate perfectly all the time ” When people start seeing artists as human beings, they’ll see them for who they are and review their behavior not on the basis of their art but on the basis of their humanity.
It should be also noted that there are works of art that are inspired by the artist’s experience. For example, the themes in the Harry Potter books are so connected with J. K. Rowling’s wicked worldview that it is virtually impossible to distinguish the two from each other. Since canceling artists based on their worldview would mean the reception to their art will suffer, artists become tense and unwilling to express themselves, which will kill creativity, eventually leading to the death of edians, singers or painters who should be integrating contemporary issues with their works become boring, and art stops functioning as the social mirror it ought to be.
An artist who makes mistakes still has art with intrinsic (内在的) value, benefiting entire communities or cultures. For instance, when Kendrick Lamar launched his album and frequently used the F-slur in one of his songs, there was much-heated discussion. He was entirely mistaken in using the F-slur, but as an artist, he still had a wide-reaching impact on society. Similarly, one can respect the late Michael Jackson because of how he impacted pop music and the inclusion of black musicians in mainstream media despite his personal weaknesses, opinions, worldviews and associations.
While these artists may engage in their terrible behavior, the art they produce today may serve as an example for others to produce outstanding work in the future. Some would refer to this process as a cycle. Good art should, therefore, be judged due to its value and not the value of the artist.
17．Which would Kevin Hart probably agree with
A．People should perform perfectly all the time.
B．Artists’ shortcomings might be their inspiration.
C．If artists have weaknesses, we’d better cancel them.
D．Artists should be evaluated based on their humanity.
18．Why will “cancel culture” lead to the death of art
A．Artists will be unwilling to create any artwork.
B．Artists will stop concerning with contemporary issues.
C．Artists will lose their desire for expression and creativity.
D．Artworks are unavoidably inspired by artists’ experiences.
19．How can an artist with mistakes benefit others
A．The artist may make some new words popular.
B．The artist’s opinions may provoke heated discussion.
C．The artist will benefit entire communities or cultures.
D．The artist’s art may give others ideas of artistic creation.
20．Which would be the best title of the passage
A．Judge Art Due to Its Value
B．Separate the Art From the Artist
C．Regard Artists as Human Beings
D．Stop Criticizing Artists’ Behavior
（22-23高一下·广东深圳·期中）You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing (内化) your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺) in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others- -and even themselves--to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.
In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.
In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have filler, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.
21．What does the word “They” in paragraph 1 probably refer to
A．People and things around you. B．Opportunities and problems.
C．Creators and their choices. D．Victims and their sufferings.
22．According to Paragraph 2, creators ________.
A．seem willing to experience failures in life B．possess the ability to predict future life
C．handle ups and downs of life wisely D．have potential to create something new
23．The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that ________.
A．different reactions to sufferings lead to different life paths.
B．people need family support to deal with challengers in life.
C．it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains.
D．one’s experiences determine his attitude toward life.
24．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A．To define victims and creators.
B．To evaluate victims against creators.
C．To explain the relationship between victims and creators.
D．To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.
（22-23高一下·江西·期中）More educators and researchers are bringing attention to misinformation (错误信息) through the internet and social media. Teaching media literacy (素养) can be a problem. Those against teaching internet literacy say it’s the same as thought control, which prevents some teachers from using it in class.
Erin, a mother from Massachusetts who has worked as a reporter, said that media literacy is a skill as important as computer engineering for the economy. She created a nonprofit group called Media Literacy Now to support digital literacy education. “Basic communication is part of our information economy, and there will be huge implications for our economy if we don’t get this right,” she said.
Shawn Lee. who teaches social studies in Seattle, Washington, has taught about double -checking online reports, getting information from more than a few places and using critical (批评的) thinking. He also created an organization for teachers to share experiences.
Teaching internet literacy to fight misinformation may be more effective than new laws. Some US states have added new standards for teaching internet literacy. Subjects can include how the internet and social media work, how to find misinformation by looking at many sources. Other ways of identifying misinformation might include looking for missing background information or recognizing emotional headlines.
Media and internet literacy is taught around the world. Finland and Canada have developed programs over the years to teach young people about the media. The goal is to get young people to understand what in the news and on the internet is a fact, and what isn’t.
Media and internet literacy is often compared to driver’s education. “We need speed limits, we need well designed roads and good regulations to ensure cars are safe. But we also teach people how to drive safely,” a director of education Johnson said.
This combination of government, industry and educators is considered the model that is needed for internet and media literacy. Education is needed for an effective answer to fight internet misinformation.
25．What’s the view of people against teaching internet literacy
A．It needs laws to prove its effect.
B．It adds to teachers’ heavy work.
C．It’s like controlling people’s thought.
D．It may face strong criticism of parents.
26．What has Shawn done to support internet literacy
A．He’s created Media Literacy Now.
B．He’s taught students critical thinking.
C．He’s invented online double checking.
D．He’s asked teachers to share experiences.
27．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．What’s been done about online literacy.
B．What effect online literacy has on us.
C．How we can stop misinformation online.
D．How we could beat online misinformation.
28．What does Johnson think about teaching internet literacy
A．People should learn about safe surfing.
B．It should be covered in driver’s education.
C．It calls for the efforts of online education.
D．Finland and Canada have experience in this.
（22-23高一下·浙江温州·期中）I was born and raised in England in a culture where privacy and “keeping yourself to yourself” were valued traditions. Speaking to strangers was not encouraged. People were most hospitable (好客的) and friendly — but only once they had been introduced to new people.
However, I have been lucky enough to spend some time in both Italy and the US, where I found traditions of hospitality and politeness to be very different.
I experienced Italian hospitality first-hand on a crowded railway carriage traveling, one afternoon, from Genoa to Florence. Sinking gratefully into an empty seat, I was berated (斥责) in rapid Italian by a gentleman who was returning to this seat — it had not been “spare” after all. I apologized in English, and got up to allow him back into the seat. The gentleman obviously had no understanding of the English language, but he, too, realized my genuine mistake. He smiled and gestured for me to remain in the seat, and he himself remained standing in the corridor for the rest of the journey. The other passengers of the carriage smiled and nodded at me and made me feel quite welcome amongst them. I feel that if this had been in England, a foreigner who made a mistake would not always be so kindly treated.
Transport was also obvious in the differences I noticed between English and American culture. I flew to New York on a plane with mainly English passengers. We sat together in near silence. Nobody spoke to me nor, as I expected, to anyone else they did not know. They felt it was not polite to disturb someone else’s privacy. However, when I traveled across the United States, whether by plane or Greyhound bus, I was never short of conversation. Conversation was going on all around me and whoever sat next to me was happy to introduce themselves and ask me about myself, which was usually a pleasant way to kill time. They obviously felt it would have been rude not to speak to another person, whether they were strangers or not.
29．What do we know about the passengers of the carriage when the author was travelling in Italy
A．They were all on the side of the gentleman.
B．They all laughed at the author for this mistake.
C．They all showed their understanding of the author’s mistake.
D．They would not bear a mistake like the author’s in public.
30．According to the last paragraph, English passengers sat in near silence because________.
A．they were too tired to speak B．they are short of topics to talk about
C．they were all strangers to each other D．privacy was a valued tradition in England
31．The purpose of the author is to tell us ________.
A．his traveling experiences
B．how to adapt ourselves to a new culture
C．the culture shock he experienced in Italy and the US
D．cultural differences in hospitality and politeness
32．What is the author’s attitude towards American’s traditions of hospitality and politeness
A．Approving. B．Confused. C．Negative. D．Disapproving.
（22-23高一下·浙江杭州·期中）Junior Alvarado, a high school student in the Washington Leadership Academy, often struggled in his math classes and earned poor grades. The teachers at the Washington Leadership Academy used computer programs to identify the areas he was weak in and design a learning plan just for him.
“They explain the problem step by step. It wouldn’t be as fast, but at your speed,” said the 15-year-old. “Now I feel better about my maths skills.”
The application of technology in schools is part of a larger idea of personalised learning. This idea has been gaining in popularity in recent years. Personalised learning is a way of teaching centring around the interests and needs of individual (单独的) students instead of entire classes as a whole. It includes flexible (灵活的) learning environments and specially-designed education plans. Students can decide what and how they learn. That way, they are able to master subjects at their own speed.
Joseph Webb, headmaster of the Washington Leadership Academy, says the digital tools help teachers identify problems students are facing before they become too serious. “We can solve them right then and there; we don’t have to wait for the problem to come to us,” he said.
Still, many researchers say it is too early to tell if personalised learning works better than traditional teaching. A recent study found that personalised learning only led to small improvements. It found only a 3% improvement in math and even smaller improvements in reading compared to traditional teaching methods. In addition, experts in children’s health warn that the overuse of technology can damage face-to-face relationships and young people’s interest in physical activity.
Some teachers have their doubts as well. Marla Kilfoyle, a teacher in a public high school, admits that technology can be helpful in the classroom in many ways. But she argues that no computer program should ever replace the personal touch, support and inspiration (启发) teachers give their students.
33．Why does the author mention the example of Junior Alvarado
A．To encourage schools to use technology.
B．To introduce the idea of personalised learning.
C．To advise students to try a new way of learning.
D．To draw the teacher’s attention to the weak students.
34．What does personalised learning mean
A．Students learn on their own.
B．Students can do whatever they like.
C．Students learn at their own pace.
D．Students learn with a teacher face to face.
35．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．The digital tools. B．The learning problems.
C．Students. D．Teachers.
36．What can we learn from the text
A．Only a few teachers prefer personalised learning.
B．Personalised learning is a failed attempt to help slow learners.
C．Computer programs are likely to replace the role of teachers.
D．Experts are worried about the overuse of technology.
（22-23高一下·天津·期中）Nowadays, it is more common for people to express their thoughts in an e-mail or text. In fact, more and more students use technology for written communication in their lives. Even so, research shows that teaching handwriting skills has its benefits. However, are the benefits worth spending valuable classroom time in teaching handwriting skills when students could be learning more about computer keyboarding
States across the country have good reasons to require students to learn computer keyboarding skills. For one, students are learning technology that will help them communicate faster with more people and in many different forms, such as e-mails, websites, blogs, and so on. Also the better a student’s computer keyboarding skills, the greater the chance that a student has to become a better puter tools such as the grammar and spell check make correcting quick and easy, although not 100% accurate (准确的). With these and many other tools, students gain important computer skills. Furthermore, students no longer have to worry about their writing being graded poorly by teachers. All in all, computer keyboarding skills are a step in the right direction.
Still, the advantages of computer keyboarding skills may not be enough to leave handwriting instruction in the dust. Marlena Hamilton, professor of neurology at University of Pennsylvania, did an experiment with her co-workers to study what happens in students’ brains when writing. They found that many of the areas of the brain light up. These are the same areas that are used to learn to read. They then wondered if the same would be true when students looked at letters on a keyboard. “What we found, “she states, “is that brains are much less involved when we just look at letters. When we actually use our hands to make things, the brain works much harder.”
Schools across the nation are looking at the evidence and deciding what to do. William McIntyre, a reading coach at Sunshine Elementary School in Albany, New York, says, “What we have learned from the research is that learning handwriting benefits students educationally. What we also know is that students need to be taught keyboarding skills. Now, it is up to each school to make a decision.
37．From the first paragraph, we can know that _______.
A．students don’t want to learn handwriting skills any more
B．students don’t like communicating with friends in person
C．students’ communicating by technology is more and more common
D．students spend more time in playing computer games than before
38．What does the second paragraph mainly want to show
A．The roles of computer tools.
B．The advantages of computer keyboarding skills.
C．The importance of communication skills.
D．The necessity of developing writing skills.
39．What’s the author’s attitude to students’ learning keyboarding skills
A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Supportive.
40．What can the result of Hamilton’s experiment show
A．Keyboarding skills are very useful.
B．Handwriting is helpful for students to learn.
C．Keyboarding makes our brain more active.
D．Handwriting is more difficult than keyboarding.
